The swastika during the period of the “provisional” government and during the civil war. Swastika in Soviet Russia

Award badge of the South-Eastern Front, 1918-1920.
The myth of swastikophiles is the assertion that the swastika was supposedly the heraldic symbol of the RSFSR, which was used almost until the 30s. As evidence, we are given photos of sleeve insignia and emblems of the Red Army with swastikas and two bills with swastikas woven into the pattern.

Indeed, sleeve patches and award badges for commanders with swastikas existed on the South-Eastern Front. But let’s take a closer look at why the swastika appeared on this front. The South-Eastern Front fought in the south against Denikin, and in addition to the Russian regiments, Kalmyk units fought on both sides of the front. On March 20, 1919, a division was formed from Kalmyk units in the 11th Army of the South-Eastern Front. In this regard, in November 1919, front commander V.I. Shorin signed decree No. 213 on the introduction of an identification mark in the form of a swastika for Kalmyk units.

The order read:

"Order to the troops of the South-Eastern Front No. 213

The distinctive sleeve insignia of the Kalmyk formations is approved, according to the attached drawing and description.

The right to wear is assigned to all command personnel and Red Army soldiers of existing and newly formed Kalmyk units, in accordance with the instructions of the order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic. for No. 116.

Front Commander Shorin

Member of the Revolutionary Military Council Trifonov

Wreed. Chief of Staff of the General Staff Pugachev"

ADDENDUM explained the order:

Appendix to the order to the troops of the South-Eastern Front p. city No. 213

Description

A rhombus measuring 15 x 11 centimeters made of red cloth. In the upper corner there is a five-pointed star, in the center there is a wreath, in the middle of which there is a “lyngtn” with the inscription “R. S.F.S.R.” The diameter of the star is 15 mm, the wreath is 6 cm, the size “lyungtn” is 27 mm, the letter is 6 mm.

The badge for command and administrative personnel is embroidered in gold and silver and for the Red Army soldiers is stenciled.

The star, “lyngtn” and the ribbon of the wreath are embroidered in gold (for Red Army soldiers - with yellow paint), the wreath itself and the inscription are embroidered in silver (for Red Army soldiers - with white paint)."

The swastika in the order is called “lyungnt” - this is clearly not a Slavic name - gelyung among the Kalmyks is such a monk rank. And most importantly, it was introduced exclusively for the Kalmyks, a Mongolian people who profess Buddhism and for whom the swastika is a common symbol. Thus, the swastika of the Southwestern Front has nothing to do with Russia, the Slavs, or the Russian people. The swastika was adopted for the Kalmyk national units and existed in this capacity until 1920.

It's even easier with swastikas on banknotes. These swastikas were inherited by the Soviet Republic from the Tsarist regime. In 1916, a monetary reform was planned and new cliches of banknotes with swastikas were prepared, but the revolution prevented this. Then, in 1917, the provisional government used cliches with swastikas for banknotes of 250 and 1000 rubles. The Bolsheviks, after the capture, had to use the tsarist clichés for banknotes of 5,000 and 10,000 rubles out of pure necessity.

As we see, this myth of swastikophiles turned out to be false. The swastika was not a heraldic symbol of Soviet power. In the case of the use of the swastika in the Red Army, it was a sign for the Kalmyk units. In the case of swastikas on Soviet banknotes, there are only two such banknotes and they were inherited by the RSFSR from the tsarist government. None of these swastikas are Russian national symbols and quickly disappeared after the first fascist organizations appeared in Germany. The swastika first appeared among the thugs of the Kapp putsch in Germany in 1920. Since then, the swastika has become the personification of reactionary forces and therefore could not be a symbol of Soviet power.

The swastika was depicted on the “Kerenki”, swastikas were painted on the wall of the Ipatiev House by Empress Alexandra Feodorovna before the execution, but by almost the sole decision of Trotsky, the Bolsheviks settled on a five-pointed star. The history of the 20th century will show that the “star” is stronger than the “swastika”... And the stars shone over the Kremlin, replacing the double-headed eagles...

Yes, everyone already knows that the history of the swastika is much deeper and more multifaceted than some people think. Here are some more unusual facts from the history of this symbol.

Few people know that among the symbols used by the Red Army there was not only a star, but also a swastika. This is what the award badge of the commanders of the South-Eastern Front of the Kyrgyz Republic looked like. Armies in 1918-1920

“The main pattern of the grid consists of two large oval guilloche rosettes - right and left... In the center of each of both large rosettes there is a geometric pattern formed by crosswise intersecting wide stripes, bent at right angles, at one end to the right, and at the other to the left... The intermediate background between both large rosettes is filled with a guilloche pattern, and the center of this background is occupied by a geometric ornament of the same pattern as in both rosettes, but of a larger size.”

Unlike the 1,000-ruble banknote, the 250-ruble banknote had only one swastika - in the center behind the eagle.

From the banknotes of the Provisional Government, the swastika migrated to the first Soviet banknotes. True, in this case this was caused by production necessity, and not ideological considerations: the Bolsheviks, who were preoccupied with issuing their own money in 1918, simply took ready-made cliches of new banknotes (5,000 and 10,000 rubles), created by order of the Provisional Government, which were being prepared for released in 1918. Kerensky and his comrades were unable to print these banknotes due to known circumstances, but the leadership of the RSFSR found the clichés useful. Thus, swastikas were present on Soviet banknotes of 5,000 and 10,000 rubles. These banknotes were in circulation until 1922.

When planning any construction work, drawing up an estimate is strongly recommended. This financial document is drawn up on the basis of a working draft and refers to the primary documentation. It regulates any movement of material resources during construction. A qualified cost estimate engineer is involved in writing estimates. You can order an estimate from a specialized organization that provides such services. A contractor can prepare such a document. An estimate is prepared in accordance with current legislation, regulations and budget standards, taking into account current market prices for work and materials, as well as the coefficients of their change.

5 reasons why you need an estimate

This financial document indicates calculations of material costs for the implementation of a specific project, as well as the amount of materials and labor resources planned for use. This provides reasons why it is worth buying an estimate.

Thanks to a carefully drawn up estimate, even before the start of construction work, you get a complete understanding of the upcoming costs. This will help you prepare and not drag out the project for many years due to lack of finances.
The estimate allows you to foresee most unforeseen situations during the upcoming construction, and this will save your nerves and money that would have to be spent on solving them.
The estimate contains a comprehensive list of work to be performed. This regulates the relationship between the customer and the contractor regarding mutual obligations and expectations.
In addition to the list of works, the estimate contains prices, taking into account their changes in...

Everyone already knows that the history of the swastika is much deeper and more multifaceted, it seems to some. Here are some more unusual facts from the history of this symbol.

In November 1919, the commander of the South-Eastern Front of the Red Army, V.I. Shorin, issued order No. 213, which approved the distinctive sleeve insignia of Kalmyk formations using a swastika. The swastika in the order is denoted by the word “lyngtn”, that is, the Buddhist “Lungta”, meaning “whirlwind”, “vital energy”.
Order to the troops of the South-Eastern Front #213
Gor. Saratov November 3, 1919
The distinctive sleeve insignia of the Kalmyk formations is approved, according to the attached drawing and description.
The right to wear is assigned to all command personnel and Red Army soldiers of existing and newly formed Kalmyk units, in accordance with the instructions of the order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic. for #116.
Front Commander Shorin
Member of the Revolutionary Military Council Trifonov
Wreed. Chief of Staff of the General Staff Pugachev

Appendix to the order to the troops of the South-Eastern Front p. #213
Description
A rhombus measuring 15 x 11 centimeters made of red cloth. In the upper corner there is a five-pointed star, in the center there is a wreath, in the middle of which there is a “lyngtn” with the inscription “R. S.F.S.R.” The diameter of the star is 15 mm, the wreath is 6 cm, the size “lyungtn” is 27 mm, the letter is 6 mm.
The badge for command and administrative personnel is embroidered in gold and silver and for the Red Army soldiers is stenciled.
The star, “lyngtn” and the ribbon of the wreath are embroidered in gold (for Red Army soldiers - with yellow paint), the wreath itself and the inscription are embroidered in silver (for Red Army soldiers - with white paint).

In Russia, the swastika first appeared in official symbols in 1917 - it was then, on April 24, that the Provisional Government issued a decree on the issue of new banknotes in denominations of 250 and 1000 rubles.1 The peculiarity of these bills was that they had an image of a swastika. Here is a description of the front side of the 1000-ruble banknote, given in paragraph No. 128 of the Senate resolution of June 6, 1917: “The main grid pattern consists of two large oval guilloche rosettes - right and left... In the center of each of both large rosettes there is a geometric pattern formed crosswise intersecting wide stripes, bent at right angles, at one end to the right, and at the other to the left... The intermediate background between both large rosettes is filled with a guilloche pattern, and the center of this background is occupied by a geometric ornament of the same pattern as in both rosettes, but larger.”2 Unlike the 1000-ruble banknote, the 250-ruble banknote had only one swastika - in the center behind the eagle.

Swastika in military symbols USA used in the First World War: it was applied to the fuselages of aircraft of the famous American Lafayette squadron.

The swastika was also depicted on the Boeing P-12, which was in service with the American Air Force from 1929 to 1941. The squadron's insignia was an Indian head painted on the fuselage. In America, the swastika has long been perceived as a typical Indian symbol.

In addition, the swastika was depicted on the chevron of the 45th Infantry Division of the US Army, which it wore from 1923 to 1939

Finland in the context of our story, it is interesting because today it is, perhaps, the only state in the EU V whose official symbolism includes a swastika. It first appeared there in 1918, the year the Swedish Baron von Rosen gave the Finnish White Guard a Morane-Saulnier Type D aircraft, which, in fact, marked the beginning of the existence of the Finnish Air Force.9 The plane featured a blue swastika - the baron’s coat of arms. Therefore, it became the symbol of the new military aviation. The swastika on the flag of the Finnish Air Force is still present today.

I discovered an interesting discovery today. I’ll say right away that I don’t want to overwhelm anyone with many different versions of the material being presented, for those who are interested in getting acquainted and digging deeper, as they say - Google to the rescue...
The point is this: on Russian banknotes of 1917-1918 (“Kerenka”) there is a swastika. The name of the state, by the way, is not indicated. The first 250 ruble banknote of 1917:

Here she is larger. Behind the double-headed eagle, depicted without a crown:

Or on the reverse side. Here the swastika is hidden behind the inscription “250 rubles”:

It is curious that on the front side of the bill there is not only a swastika, but also a Buddhist (Lamaist) “endless knot”:

Still, one of the versions, for context, I’ll point out - allegedly it was Nicholas II who ordered the swastika to be placed on Russian banknotes, however, this project was implemented after his abdication by the Provisional Government on “Kerenki” in denominations of 250 and 1000 rubles, and then the Bolsheviks issued banknotes of five thousand and ten thousand denominations with the same sign, simply using ready-made matrices. This money was in circulation until the formation of the Soviet Union, which, as is known, was proclaimed at the end of 1922.
Next are more banknotes in denominations of 1000, 5000, 10000 rubles:

And now it’s even more interesting - the sleeve patches of the Red Army had an image of a swastika with the abbreviation RSFSR; officers and soldiers of the Red Army of the South-Eastern Front wore it since 1918:

The cavalry of the South-Eastern Front received the swastika as a sleeve chevron in November 1919. A description of it, in which the hook cross is designated by the abbreviation “LYUNGTN”, was attached to the order of commander V.I. Shorin, a former tsarist colonel, an experienced military leader and Knight of St. George, who is believed to have been the author of this idea:

“Rhombus 15x11 centimeters made of red cloth. In the upper corner there is a five-pointed star, in the center there is a wreath, in the middle of which is “LYUNGTN” with the inscription “R.S.F.S.R.” The diameter of the star is 15 mm, the wreath is 6 cm, the size “LYUNGTN” is 27 mm, the letters are 6 mm. The badge for command and administrative personnel is embroidered in gold and silver and for the Red Army soldiers is stenciled. The star, “LYUNGTN” and the ribbon of the wreath are embroidered in gold (for Red Army soldiers with yellow paint), the wreath itself and the inscription are embroidered in silver (for Red Army soldiers with white paint).”

PROBABLY A CHEVRON OF THAT TIME:

AND HERE IS THE SLEEVE BADGE OF A RED ARMY MAN OF THE BASHKIR UNITS OF THE RED ARMY, SAMPLE 1919, QUALITY COPY, USSR

And here is a classic of the genre - the award badge of the commanders of the South-Eastern Front of the Red Army in 1918-1920.

Here’s another interesting point - a document with the seal of the Management Department of the Moscow Council of Workers, Peasants and Red Army Deputies:

and a closer look:

By the way, the Department of Administration of the Council of Deputies is a very important, interesting and practically unexplored bureaucratic structure of the Bolshevik regime.
He was in charge of elections to the Soviets, supervised political organizations and the church, supervised the police, forced labor and concentration camps, the evacuation of prisoners and refugees, contacted the Cheka, monitored compliance with Soviet legislation in Soviet documents, etc. and so on.
The flag of his future explorer is still underfoot. Can someone take this flag in their hands?

Well, for a snack - “Delaunay-Belleville 45 CV” of Nicholas II - on the Swastik radiator cap:

And the quality is better - the swastika on the hood of Nicholas II's car. Tsarskoe Selo, 1913:

At the end of what I have read, I would like to suggest answering a few questions (it is advisable not to rely on generally accepted historical knowledge, but it would be better to use alternative history as a basis).
So, who printed this strange money in 1917? Who came to power under the guise of a "provisional government"? “Whose” army had a swastika on its chevrons?