5 years ago
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Valve adjustment - of course, most people know what this process is and why it needs to be regularly performed on some cars, for example, on the "Classic", but there are people who do not know anything about this and want to understand this issue, therefore, especially for such people this article was prepared from which you will learn a lot. And if something becomes unclear to you, then write a comment with your question at the very bottom of the site and we will answer it in the near future.
Note!
And in addition, at the end of the article you will find an interesting video clip, thanks to which you will understand a lot for yourself in adjusting the valve drive!
Why do you need to adjust the valves?
Their adjustment is necessary in order for the machine to work more steadily at both high and low engine speeds. Because, as a rule, due to improper valve adjustment, the gaps that should be between the camshaft cam and the valve itself are violated, which leads to too much valve opening when the engine is running and as a result of which depressurization occurs in the cylinder, which in turn can adversely affect the engine resource ...
Note!
In the event that the gap between the valve seat and the side particles of the cylinder has become very large (see the photo below, this gap is marked there), then in this case the valve may burn out, and also if at the same time the piston stroke is very large then it may occur meeting of valves with the piston itself when the engine is running. Therefore, the valves must be adjusted periodically and with great care, since incorrectly set gaps during adjustment can again adversely affect the engine resource!
How will the valves work if the clearance is incorrectly set?
In this case, as mentioned earlier, the work of the valves is disrupted, in connection with this, the valves either start to open a little more than it should be, or they start to be in a permanently open position, due to which the sealing in the cylinder disappears, for clarity, see the photo below on which the adjustment of the valves is violated and in connection with which the valve is in a constantly open mode.
How to get rid of the valve adjustment?
They never asked themselves the question: "Why, for example, on a 16-valve prior, it is not necessary to adjust the valves?" And the thing is that in the engine the priors instead of the "Pusher" due to which the cam of the camshaft pushes the valve, there are "Hydro-compensators" which, in turn, due to the high oil pressure, find the optimal gap between the cam and the "Hydro-compensator" valves and therefore valves always operate at optimum clearances.
Note!
By the way, "Hydro-compensators" can be installed on almost any car, and therefore you can forget about adjusting the valves, but there is one thing But! "Hydro-compensators" can be installed only on cars in which the "Gas Distribution Mechanism - aka Timing" consists of a camshaft, a crankshaft, as well as valves and a piston group - in fact, this is the main part of cars!
We repair the engine
We will show you how to adjust the valve clearances on an 8-valve engine of VAZ 2115 VAZ 2114 VAZ 2113 cars with our own hands. We open the hood, unscrew everything that will interfere with us. Let's jack up the right front wheel. We turn on the 4th gear, scrolling the wheel, put a mark on the camshaft gear:
Here is the adjustment diagram for better understanding:
Scroll the gear 2.5 teeth from the set mark:
We check the clearance on the first exhaust valve, it should be 0.35 plus minus 0.05. In our case, the 0.30 probe does not pass, which means the valve is clamped, we try the 0.25 probe, it also does not pass, it passes at 0.20. We use a special device for adjusting the valves, you can buy it at any specialized store. If oil gets in the way, it can be pumped out with a syringe. With the help of our special tool (or a screwdriver, if you do not have one), press the valve and fix it with a "hatchet". With tweezers we take out the adjusting washer. We look at the size of the washer (we have 2.72). Let's calculate the size of the new washer:
Install a new washer with a calculated size of 2.57 with the inscription down (so that it does not wear off). After installing the washer, measure the gap again. Now let's measure the clearance on the third inlet valve, it should be 0.20 plus minus 0.05. The 0.20 probe does not pass, the 0.15 probe passes freely, which means there is about 0.18, which is permissible.
We rotate another 11 teeth from the last gear position:
Similarly, we check 5 and 2 valves. We turn by 10.5 teeth, check the clearances on the 8 and 6 valves.
Video adjustment of valve clearances in an 8-valve engine VAZ 2115 2114 2113:
Backup video how to adjust valve clearances in an 8-valve engine VAZ 2115 2114 2113:
Setting the gap will also be required when repairing the cylinder head. In the event that hydraulic lifters are installed on the car, there is no need to adjust the gap.
Here are just hydraulic lifters - this is quite an expensive pleasure, not every motorist can afford it. Therefore, it is sometimes necessary to check the clearances and correct them. Find out how much it costs to adjust valves on a VAZ-2114 in your city (prices start from 1000 rubles). It is quite possible that it will be cheaper than doing it yourself. The prices for washer kits are very high.
Thermal clearances
Before you start adjusting the VAZ-2114 valves, you need to check the clearances. To do this, you need to use a set of probes. When heated, the metal expands; a small gap should be present in the gas distribution mechanism. For all intake valves, the clearance is 0.2 mm. But in the exhaust tract, it is necessary to set gaps of 0.35 mm. You can deviate from these values up or down, but a maximum of 0.05 mm.
To set the clearances as accurately as possible, you must use special shims. They are located between the cams on the camshaft and the valve lifters. During operation of the internal combustion engine, the elements of the gas distribution mechanism wear out due to constant friction.
As a result, the thermal gap increases, which leads to malfunctions in the gas distribution. Power is significantly lost, fuel consumption increases, and a hot engine can even stall.
Where to start the adjustment?
On a VAZ-2114 car, do-it-yourself valve adjustment is carried out only after all the necessary measurements have been made. Be sure to use a simple formula to calculate the thickness of the new washers that are installed under the camshaft cams.
The following tools are required to adjust the VAZ-2114 valves:
- A set of open-end and ring wrenches.
- Candle keys.
- Styli of various thicknesses.
- Washers for adjusting the gap.
- Device for squeezing valves.
- Clean rags.
Washer set for adjustment
Washers of various thicknesses are available in stores. You can first make a calculation, and then buy the required number of washers individually. There are also kits on sale that include washers 3.0-4.5 mm thick in 0.05 mm increments. Having such a set, it will turn out without much difficulty to choose the washer you need. Here are just the cost of such a kit - over 2000 rubles.
Therefore, if you do not frequently adjust the VAZ-2114 valves, it is better to contact a service station. Before carrying out work, be sure to purchase a new gasket, which is installed under the valve cover. It is disposable and must be replaced when the cover is removed.
Preparing for repair
Before starting work, you must:
- Place the car on a level surface, let the engine cool down to 20 degrees.
- Remove the valve cover and the plastic cover that covers the timing belt. Everything under the lid must be thoroughly wiped off the oil.
- The camshaft must be carefully considered, if there is excessive wear, scoring, shells, it must be replaced.
- To make the crankshaft turn easier, you need to unscrew all the candles.
After all these steps, you should align the mark on the camshaft gear with the ebb on the cylinder head. In this case, you will set the first cylinder to the top dead center position. Note that the crankshaft pulley must be turned clockwise. But it's better to do it a little differently. Raise the left side of the car so that the front wheel hangs down. Include fifth gear and rotate the wheel until the marks align.
With chalk or a marker, it is necessary to apply another mark on the camshaft gear. It should be opposite the one that already exists. This will greatly facilitate the work.
Clearance check
And now we need to talk about what is the procedure for adjusting the VAZ-2114 valves. Further actions are as follows:
- With the position of the first cylinder at top dead center, it is necessary to check the size of the clearances on the first and third valves. The account is taken from the camshaft gear.
- Since the first valve is an exhaust valve, the gap on it should be approximately 0.35 mm, but an error of 0.05 mm can be allowed.
- Install a feeler gauge, 0.35 mm thick, between the washer and the camshaft cam. In the event that the dipstick does not enter the gap or penetrates it freely, it is necessary to adjust. Ideally, it should pass with little effort.
- A similar check is performed on the third valve, only in this case a 0.2 mm thick dipstick is used.
How do I set the gap?
After checking all the valve clearances, it is necessary to make adjustments. You will need a mechanism to release the valves. It is mounted on the valve cover studs and has a lever that fits between the washer and the camshaft cam. With the help of the handle, it is necessary to push the lever, as a result of which the pusher will move out.
A set of such mechanisms has a retainer, it must be located between the pushers and the camshaft. Once you release the handle, this retainer can hold the valve open and the washer can be easily removed with tweezers. The 1st and 3rd valves are checked first, the clearance is adjusted. Then the camshaft must be turned half a turn. Focus on the mark that you drew in advance on the gear.
After that, the 5th and 2nd valves are checked, if necessary, new washers are installed. Having turned another 180 degrees, it is necessary to make adjustments on the eighth and sixth valves. The 7th and 4th valves are checked last, for this the camshaft is turned another half turn.
An example of calculating the thickness of the washer
To adjust the VAZ-2114 valves, you do not need to touch the injector and its systems. But you need to do some math. To set all the gaps as accurately as possible, you need to use a simple algorithm. For example, you have checked the clearance on the exhaust valve. But the gap turned out to be not 0.35 mm, as expected, but 0.45 mm.
In other words, it is 0.1 mm larger than the average and does not fit into the acceptable range. Remove the washer that is under the pusher. It should have a mark on it that indicates the thickness. For example, you find out that the washer is 3.7 mm thick. If there is no designation, measure the thickness of the old washer with a micrometer. To find out what the new washer should be, it is necessary to add to the value of 3.7 the amount by which the clearance is increased.
That is, you get a value of 3.8 mm. Find a washer with this thickness in the kit and install it. If you get a value that is not a multiple of 0.05, then you need to take a washer, the size of which is as close as possible to the calculated one.
Nowadays, any modern car, except for electric ones, has an internal combustion engine with a gas distribution mechanism. A lot of parameters depend on the correct operation of this system. And they include fuel consumption, engine throttle response, environmental performance and other equally important indicators. The normal function of the gas distribution mechanism is ensured by the correct adjustment of the clearances between the valve and its pusher.
If the gap is too large, then the camshaft cam will forcefully hit the pusher plate, and all this will lead to serious damage to engine components and mechanisms. In addition, the valve will not fully open when needed, thereby blocking the movement of the exhaust gases or the fuel-air mixture, depending on the type of valve. Intake - responsible for the fuel supply, exhaust - for the exhaust gases directed to the exhaust manifold.
The principle of operation of the valve train
On the contrary, if the valve is tightly clamped, then the mechanical damage to the motor parts will be less than with too much clearance. But the engine operation itself will be much worse. It is for good engine operation that it is necessary to carefully adjust the valves on VAZ cars. This procedure is carried out in several ways. First, the pusher is moved under the influence of the nut on the rod. The second is the selection of washers of spacers of the required thickness. The third is automatic, it is regulated under the pressure of the engine oil into the hydraulic expansion joints.
We expose the gap on the VAZ 2114
In our case, on a VAZ 2114 car, this procedure is performed in the second way, using adjusting washers and a special tool.
Firstly, you need to understand that the correct adjustment on the VAZ 2114 can only be performed at an ambient temperature of 20 degrees Celsius, when the metal is at rest and is not subject to thermal expansion as on a warm engine.
Secondly, for each specific car there is a table with the dimensions of the clearances when the camshafts are raised.
For the fourteenth model, the following dimensions are used:
- For inlet valves - 0.2 mm with a reading error of 0.05 mm;
- For exhaust valves - 0.35 mm with a reading error of 0.05 mm.
Cool the space under the hood before adjusting, you can use a regular fan. After that, dismantle the valve cover, branch pipes, fastening clamps, side protective casing of the timing belt. After unscrewing the nut securing the accelerator pedal cable, carefully disconnect it. For ease of work, remove the air filter cover assembly. Before dismantling, be sure to place chocks under the wheels and engage in neutral. The hand parking brake must also be engaged.
Required tool
The tool you need for full-fledged work:
- 1. Open-end and end wrenches;
- 2. A device for lowering the valve plates - costs a little more than a hundred rubles;
- 3. A set of specialized probes for measuring clearances in the mechanism;
- 4. Micrometer for determining the thickness of the adjusting washer;
- 5. Shims - these are 3 to 4.5 mm thick. They are supplied to the market in 0.05 mm intervals. That is, you can find washers in sizes 3.05mm, 3.1mm and so on up to 4.5mm. (one washer costs about twenty rubles).
Valve tappet with adjusting washer
Adjustment process
Check if the marks on the timing gears and on the VAZ 2115 cylinder head cover match. The same marks should match on the crankshaft pulley and the oil pump cover. Next, unscrew the spark plugs to relieve the pressure in the cylinders of the block.
Place a new sealant gasket in the grooves under the valve cover when reassembling.
The order of the valves VAZ 2114
When adjusting, take into account which valve is inlet and which outlet.The procedure is as follows:
5 - outlet and 2 - inlet;8 — releaseand 6 -inlet;4 — releaseand 7 -inlet.
Moving from the camshaft pulley, we measure the gaps between the pusher and the shaft cam. In places where the gap is correct, we leave everything unchanged. At the place where the probe of the appropriate size is easily pushed into the slot, press the plate down with the device for lowering the pusher and insert the flag to fix the pusher. Then we take out the adjusting washer with special tweezers and look at its markings. If necessary, measure the thickness with a micrometer. Next, we select a thicker washer, put it in its place and first check the gap with the necessary probe.
Valve clearances
If it does not fit, then we take a probe of a smaller thickness, and so on until the probe fits. Based on the difference between the nominal size and the size of the probe, which can be easily placed, we calculate the required thickness of the adjusting washer. We repeat the procedure until the probe starts to insert with a slight pinching.
If none of the test leads fit, then the valve is overtightened !! According to the above operation, remove the adjusting washer and change it to a smaller size.
What is the correct adjustment of thermal clearances in the gas distribution mechanism of a car or what does the adjustment of the valves affect? The main advantage is lower fuel consumption (which is important given the constantly growing price of gasoline). The engine runs quieter and smoother and accelerates faster.
How to determine and why valves are knocking. How often do you need to adjust the VAZ 2114, 2115 valves, what the manufacturers say. How are the valves located in cars VAZ 2114, 2115. How the clearances of VAZ 2114, 2115 are adjusted. Preparation of tools. Adjustment of valves.
How to determine and why valves are knocking.
If the valves are not adjusted, characteristic signs appear. The engine runs with a certain noise, a knock is heard on a cold VAZ 2115 engine, similar to a metal clatter. The reason for this is the gap between the levers and the camshaft cams.
This gap is set by the manufacturer, its value is the same for all motors of the same type. In this car system, an increase or decrease in the gap occurs, both of which have a bad effect on the operation of the engine and can lead to more serious damage.
Basically, this breakdown occurs due to the use of low-quality fuel. A good fuel is one with an octane number of at least 93.
Interesting fact! There is a fuel with an octane rating of 100, but it is only used in competition, fueling racing cars.
How often do you need to adjust the VAZ 2114, 2115 valves, what the manufacturers say.
Plants, car manufacturers, recommend checking the thermal clearances every 15-30 thousand kilometers. Even if, in your opinion, the engine works well, then such a procedure will never be superfluous, especially since you can do it yourself.
How are the valves located in VAZ 2114, 2115 cars.
VAZ 2114 cars are produced with an eight or sixteen valve engine.
Note! Adjustment of the valve clearance of the VAZ 2114 is carried out only for an 8-valve engine, since hydraulic compensators are installed on the 16 valve.
The valves in the gas distribution mechanism are designed so that when fuel is injected through one, exhaust gases are released through the other.
How to adjust the clearances of the VAZ 2114, 2115.
In order for the adjustment of the VAZ 2114 valves to be effective, the 8 valve injector must be performed on a cold engine. The size of the gap on the inlet valve should be 0.2 mm, and on the outlet - 0.35 mm.
Note! The permissible error in both cases is 0.05 mm.
Preparation of tools.
To adjust the VAZ 2115 valves, an 8 valve injector, we need the following tools: a set of wrenches for adjusting the VAZ valves, a device for valve tappet springs, dipsticks, vernier caliper or micrometer, adjusting washers.
Adjustment of valves.
Remove the cylinder head cover.
Remove the air filter and the front timing belt cover.
Unscrew the candles and fold them neatly. They are removed in order to make the crankshaft turn easier.
