The field of effective use of dump trucks ends where at least some semblance of a road ends. Where there are only directions, articulated dump trucks, or Articulated Dump Truck (ADT) in foreign terminology, fully reveal their unique qualities.
Bolinder-Munktell (today Volvo Construction Equipment) made a real breakthrough in off-road conquest in 1966 with the launch of the world's first articulated dump truck, the DR 631 (4x4) model. It was, in fact, a conventional tractor without a front axle, articulated with a dump trailer, but the revolutionary concept took root and gained worldwide recognition with a circulation of more than 50,000 units in 40 years of production.
Two years later, in 1968, the three-axle DR 860 (6x4) model appeared with the layout we are accustomed to today. The regiment of "hinges" arrived in 1970: Norwegians from Moxy (today it is Doosan) joined the Swedes. In 1974 the British DJB released the first models (today it is Caterpillar). The volume of this segment of the world market is constantly growing both due to an increase in production and due to new manufacturing firms.
"Do you remember how it all began ..." Volvo DR860, 1968, lifting capacity 12.3 t
Volvo A40F, 2010, capacity 39 t
What is the secret of ADT's popularity? Perhaps, in their indispensability. Articulated dump trucks perform best in difficult road conditions and off-road conditions: on soils with low bearing capacity, steep slopes.
Their operation is economically justified and most effective in the development of deposits, the construction and repair of roads, the construction of hydraulic facilities, and in various climatic conditions.
Years of experience in operating machines in extreme conditions gradually "crystallized" the design of the modern ADT.
Frame. Consists of two welded semi-frames connected by a hinge with two degrees of freedom. Such a frame eliminates hanging or unloading of one of the wheels when overcoming unevenness of the road, contributes to the full use of the adhesion mass of the machine, which improves cross-country ability. At the same time, the hinge increases the durability of the frame by preventing it from twisting.
Steering. The hydromechanical system with two hydraulic actuating cylinders rotates the semi-frames at a large (up to 45 °) angle, providing high maneuverability. The scheme of the swivel mechanism is simplified due to the absence of a steering linkage, universal joints of equal angular velocities and pivots. Since the wheels of the front axle are non-rotating, there is free space for the installation of large-size wide-profile tires, which is very important for increasing the machine's cross-country ability.
Suspension. The classic version is a front dependent suspension: a one-piece axle beam is attached to the frame with trailing arms and a transverse rod, hydropneumatic cylinders are used as elastic elements; the rear bogie axles are also made in one piece, connected to the frame by longitudinal A-levers and transverse rods, and between themselves by balancers, which rest on the bridges through rubber-metal cushions.
Rear bogie "grader" type
Rear bogie suspension on rubber-metal (Terex TA300) and hydropneumatic (BelAZ-75281) elastic elements
Doosan and Hydrema stand out from the general row. Their rear bogies are made according to the "grader" type: the torque is transmitted through the gears inside the hollow balancers, and the axles of the axles can swing with a large amplitude.
Terex uses Timoney Mobility Systems of Navan (Ireland) front independent wishbone suspension as standard for the TA300 and optional for the TA250.
All Komatsu models have a front semi-independent hydropneumatic suspension of the De Dion type, the balancers of the rear bogie interact with the second axle through rubber cushions, and with the third axle through hydropneumatic elements.
Volvo has implemented its own FS (Full Suspension) system. The balancers and rubber pads have been replaced by hydraulic struts, which, in combination with the accumulators and the control unit, form a fully hydraulic suspension with roll leveling function. Thanks to the variable characteristics, a comfortable ride is ensured both with a load and with an empty car. The maximum speed of the A35F, A40F models is 57 km / h!
Engine. The systematic tightening of environmental standards is forcing engine manufacturers to constantly improve the design of power units. In 2006, Stage IIIa (Tier 3) regulations came into force, in 2011. - Stage IIIb (Tier 4i), Stage IV (Tier 4f) will enter in 2014. The machines are equipped with in-line 5-, 6-cylinder or V-shaped 6-, 8-cylinder diesel engines with turbocharging and intercooler, working volume from 6 to 16 liters, power from 230 to 517 hp. "Native engines" are supplied by Caterpillar, Komatsu, Liebherr and Volvo. Astra uses, Bell uses Mercedes-Benz; Doosan and Terex - Scania; Hydrema, JCB - Cummins; BelAZ-MoAZ - Cummins and MTU.
Astra ADT35: hinge, swing cylinder and platform exhaust heating system are clearly visible
Bell B50D with a lifting capacity of 45.4 t - only Doosan MT51 with a lifting capacity of 46.3 t can "compete" with it
Beautiful solution for easy access to the engine from Volvo
High loads at low off-road speeds require a powerful cooling system with a hydraulically driven fan. To improve visibility and reduce the bonnet, the engine cooling radiator is often located to the side of the engine or generally behind the cab.
Transmission. The planetary gearbox with torque converter and retarder is fully automatic with manual shift capability. The number of "forward" transfers - 6-9, "backward" - 1-4. Caterpillar, Komatsu and Volvo make their own gearboxes, the rest of the manufacturers use ZF and Allison.
"X-ray" transmission and proprietary suspension Volvo Full Suspension
Drive axles with planetary wheel reducers, if not their own, then from renowned manufacturers: ZF, Naf, Kessler. Center and wheel differentials: self-locking limited slip and forced locking. Hydraulic braking system with fully enclosed multiple disc brakes in oil bath. The transmission and engine modes are matched by an electronic system, which ensures smooth movement and durability. For example, on the Volvo F-Series, ATC automatically selects the optimum differential lock combination on the go, allowing the operator to concentrate on the job.
Control. The location of the operator's seat in the center of the cockpit and excellent all-round visibility evoke associations with the cockpit of an aircraft. Only there is no scattering of devices: all information is displayed on a multifunctional color display. The image of the rear-view camera and warnings from the vehicle diagnostic system are also displayed there. The controls are located on the circular instrument panel and are within the operator's reach. As a rule, this is a panel with buttons of the "touch pad" type and two levers: transmission control and platform lifting. Cab frame protects the operator from falling objects and machine rollover (ROPS / FOPS). For ease of access to the transmission units, the cab can be tilted to the side or back.
Dump truck "pilot" workstation
Caterpillar Ejector - alternative "scraper" type platform ejection system
Optional equipment. Taking into account the harsh climatic conditions of a number of Russian regions, the cars are equipped with an engine preheater, a fuel tank heating system, a heated fuel filter and a water separator, an autonomous cab heater, and a body heating system with exhaust gases.
Options are also provided: hinged tailgate, additional sides for light bulky cargo, wear-resistant underbody protection, load weighing system, centralized lubrication system, engine start without ignition key, electronic climate control, heated and electrically controlled mirrors, additional spotlights, etc. etc.
Model lines and manufacturers. Today, ADTs are available in a payload range of 18 to 46 tonnes and occupy a niche between dumpers and haul trucks. As a rule, each company has 4-5 models with a lifting capacity of 5 tons.In addition to dump trucks, other options are offered, often with an extended frame: timber carriers, pipe carriers, container carriers, superstructures with swap bodies, airfield sweepers, truck tractors and even artillery systems ...
ADT is produced by the following manufacturers: Terex, JCB from Great Britain, German Liebherr, Danish company Hydrema, Italian Astra, Caterpillar from USA and Bell from South Africa / Germany. Bell today can also be found under the Hitachi brands in Asia and Australia and John Deere in America. The most serious players in the articulated dump truck market are Volvo (Sweden) and Doosan (South Korea, Norway), as well as Komatsu (Japan). The Belarusian tandem BelAZ-MoAZ is also trying its hand at this market.
Articulated dump trucks have long ceased to be a wonder; today they can be found in various regions of the planet. They harmoniously blended into the construction processes and at the same time made it possible to work more efficiently in the most difficult road and climatic conditions.
Articulated dump trucks are used in construction and quarrying works where increased cross-country ability and maneuverability are required. The technique is widely used in the mining industry in open pit mines in watered quarries, on construction sites in low traffic conditions, when dumping soil during overburden operations. Articulated dump trucks are also used in the oil industry for field development and pipeline construction.
Compared to road dump trucks, articulated dump trucks have a number of advantages - they allow construction in low traffic conditions, they can overcome steep inclines, have a small turning radius and high maneuverability, therefore they are able to work in a limited area, are able to move on asphalt and in areas where there are no roads ...
Three-axle articulated dump trucks have six drive wheels. In addition, modern articulated dump trucks are equipped with an interwheel differential switch.
Volvo is one of the leading manufacturers of these vehicles. Currently, its product line includes 4 models of articulated dump trucks with payloads ranging from 19.4 tonnes to 30.6 tonnes.
Volvo's articulated dump trucks are equipped with an FS system with hydraulic cylinders on each wheel. There is a full suspension system that protects the vehicle from jolts and impacts when driving on uneven terrain. Also, articulated dump trucks are equipped with a power train, two wheel configurations and five modes of operation.
Caterpillar has been producing articulated dump trucks since 1985. Now the technique is represented by 4 models, two of them have their own modifications. For example, articulated dump trucks of the “Ejector” modification are equipped with a so-called forced unloading system - there is a movable wall in the body that pushes out its contents, so it becomes possible to unload on the go, without overturning the body.
Komatsu has several dump truck models that are equipped with a box frame and large body. Komatsu articulated dump trucks have hydropneumatic rigid suspension. De Dion suspension is used on the front axle, the rear axles are mounted on a dynamic balancing structure.
Komatsu articulated dump trucks also feature articulated steering, wet multi-disc brakes and a hydraulically controlled retarding device.
Terex articulated dump trucks are equipped with an automatic transmission, hydrostatic power steering, steel body.
Bell Articulated Dump Trucks are available in five models. The front suspension structure of this technique includes maintenance-free square links that are mounted on rubber and transverse links supported on oil-filled struts. In addition, the company manufactures crawler-mounted articulated dump trucks. Articulated dump trucks manufactured by Hydrema have a rotating body mechanism, due to which the equipment is able to unload backwards and to either side.
Also, articulated dump trucks are produced by such companies as Astra, Case, JCB, Komatsu, Liebherr, Moxy, BelAZ, MoAZ, BALTIETS.
Back in the 40s of the last century, the first prerequisites for the creation of articulated dump trucks or dump trucks on an articulated frame appeared. Then, for the first time, the question of the depletion of easily accessible shallow resources in the United States and Europe began to be raised. This, in turn, led to a sharp surge in activity regarding the search for alternative ways of mining. As a result of considering all possible options, it was concluded that in this situation it was necessary to create a new machine that could work in difficult conditions.
As a result, the search for the right solutions continued until the mid-1960s, when Volvo engineers invented a new vehicle subtype, which was a tractor with a detached front axle pivotally attached to the rear frame. And already a body was installed on the rear frame. In order to avoid confusion, at the customs office, the new cars received the definition of ADT (articulated dump truck), which in translation just means "articulated dump truck".
Articulated dump trucks are dump trucks with increased maneuverability and maneuverability due to the articulated frame. These are the most versatile vehicles for off-road freight transport in various climatic conditions. In addition to the function of moving the earth, articulated dump trucks are widely used in the mining industry, as well as when transporting containers, camp houses and equipment to inaccessible places. In this regard, it should be noted right away that this review does not include articulated dump trucks for underground applications.
The main feature of the articulated dump truck market in Russia is the complete absence of competition from domestic companies. Therefore, the main source of renewal of the fleet of relevant equipment is import. At the end of January-December 2012, the volume of imports of articulated dump trucks to Russia amounted to more than 380 units, which is 11% lower than in 2011 and 57% higher than in 2010. The decrease in supplies in the past year is primarily due to the introduction of a utilization fee from September 1, 2012. After August 22, 2012, when Russia officially entered the WTO, the prospect of a gradual reduction in import customs duties forced the Russian government to take such measures, which caused a whole storm of indignation from market participants. As a result, in September 2012, imports of many types of self-propelled equipment in general, and articulated dump trucks in particular, have significantly decreased. Only one articulated dumper was imported in September. At the same time, the average monthly rates of import of the considered equipment in January-August 2012 were higher by 3-4 units of equipment than in the same period of 2011.
Volvo is the undisputed leader in the industry. At the end of 2012, the share of this brand in Russian imports was 39%. Over the past three years, there has been a decrease in the share of the Swedish manufacturer, which in 2010 was 61%, in 2011 - 50%. At the same time, it is worth noting a significant decrease in supplies in 2012 and in physical terms at once by 31.5%. As before, the main models remain the Volvo A40F, Volvo A35F and Volvo A30F.
At the end of 2010, only 6 Caterpillar articulated dump trucks were imported to Russia. In 2012, the imports of the American manufacturer increased significantly in both quantitative and qualitative terms (all except two cars were new and released no later than 2011). This allowed not only to increase its share in the total volume - but also to secure the second position. Main model: Caterpillar 740B.
The third place in terms of imports is the BELL brand. During the period under review, the import of articulated dump trucks from the South African manufacturer decreased by 24.5%. The main model imported in 2012 is the Bell 40D. In addition, in the period under review, 7 BELL B50D 6x6 dump trucks were imported to Russia - this is the heaviest articulated dump truck of the sixth generation in the BELL Equipment product line.
The fourth position is occupied by the newcomer to the Liebherr articulated dump truck market. And this is not a typo! A company with more than half a century of history, only in 2010 at the largest exhibition of construction equipment Bauma 2010 in Munich, presented its first articulated dumper model TA 230 with a payload capacity of 30 tons. Until then, Liebherr's extensive range of articulated dump trucks had not been available. The first copies were delivered by Liebherr-Rusland LLC, the official representative of Liebherr in Russia, already in mid-2011. And by the end of 2012, the brand has firmly established itself among the industry leaders, having increased the volume of imports of the considered equipment in the past year by 6 times at once !!!
Imports of Komatsu articulated dump trucks have remained stable for the past three years. However, given the growing competition from European brands, the Japanese manufacturer loses its share every year. Also among the brands imported in 2012 were Terex, Doosan, John Deere and Mitsubishi.
There have also been some changes in the distribution of countries where articulated haulers imported to Russia were produced. The first position in Sweden remains unchanged, where, unlike in previous years, all Volvo dump trucks imported in the period under review were produced.
The United Kingdom retained its second position as a country that manufactures the equipment under consideration for the domestic consumer. Primarily due to the stable supply of Caterpillar articulated dump trucks during 2011 and 2012. Also, 19 Terex articulated dump trucks assembled at a plant in the city of Motherwell (Scotland) were imported to Russia.
The third position of Germany does not raise questions, while the country's share is constantly growing, reaching 16% at the end of 2012. Manufacturers include BELL and Liebherr. Japan, led by Komatsu, is in fourth position. South Africa closes the top five of the leading manufacturing countries. The country assembled 17 Bell articulated dump trucks and 4 John Deere dump trucks.
The first position among the companies - recipients of articulated dump trucks remains with ZAO Volvo Vostok. At the same time, the company's share is decreasing following a drop in imports of the corresponding brand. In 2010, the division of the Swedish concern accounted for 58.8% of imports, in 2011 this value was already 48.7%, and at the end of the period under review it was 35.4%
Further, significant changes in the positions of companies involved in the import of articulated dump trucks are already visible. Bell Equipment Russland LLC ranked second, having imported all Bell articulated dump trucks at the end of 2012. The company is responsible for the sale of articulated dump trucks and other special equipment from a South African manufacturer in Russia, the CIS countries, Mongolia and Serbia.
LLC Liebherr-Rusland - for the first time in history, thanks to its activity, entered the top three importers of articulated dump trucks. Then there were three companies at once, representing Caterpillar's interests in Russia. All of them imported practically the same amount of the considered equipment. Nevertheless, the first of them LLC "Vostochnaya Tekhnika" is an official dealer of Caterpillar, Sullair and Metso Minerals in Western and Eastern Siberia, Yakutia and the north of the Far East, the second LLC "Zeppelin Rusland" is an official dealer of Caterpillar in Central, North-West , parts of the Volga and Southern federal districts. Closes this peculiar trio of LLC "Mantrak Vostok" - the official dealer of Caterpillar in the Urals, the Volga region and the Komi Republic.
Each post-crisis year has shown positive dynamics. However, for many types of self-propelled wheeled vehicles, 2012 was rather an exception. The blame for everything, as noted earlier, was the recycling fee, which made its own adjustments to the volume of imports. Nevertheless, by December, the average monthly import level was exceeded, which allows us to hope that the import of articulated dump trucks in the next 2-3 years will remain at least at the level of the last 2012.
At the same time, we should expect new players in our market from among the representatives of Asia. The Chinese manufacturer of special equipment XCMG at the last exhibition Bauma China presented to the public an articulated dump truck with a lifting capacity of 60 tons - the DAE60 model, which continues the line of similar machines of the Chinese company - it already presents dump trucks with a lifting capacity of 30 tons and 45 tons. So far, the domestic consumer has not yet had the opportunity to evaluate the work of these models on the territory of Russia. Let's see what 2013 will show us!
Andrey Lovkov, Commercial Director of ID-Marketing for the April issue of Fixed Assets magazine
Russia is downright created for articulated dump trucks. There is no better vehicle for off-road spaces. And restrictions on dimensions in the taiga and tundra will not bother you. Articulated dump trucks are slowly (after all, expensive equipment!), But move into hard-to-reach areas. What is holding back this process in addition to the price, which, by the way, has more weight for the central regions. Climatic conditions require the adaptation of technology, which implies not just mechanical replacement of lubricants and rubber products, but also the use of other grades of steel and even serious processing of structures. This is not an easy task, and not every supplier can afford to invest heavily in the development of northern specifications.
There is a narrow circle of manufacturers of articulated dump trucks (ADT - Articulated Dump Truck). The main suppliers to the world market are Caterpillar, Volvo CE, Komatsu, Bell, Moxy, Astra, Terex. Bell makes dump trucks for Hitachi and John Deere, and Astra dump trucks are also sold under the Case brand.
These companies produce three-axle dump trucks with a carrying capacity from 18 to 46 tons. The greatest demand is for machines with a lifting capacity (l / c) of 22 ... 25 tons. The British company JCB and Danish Hydrema specialize in two- and three-axle vehicles with a carrying capacity of up to 20 tons, but we cannot call this technique in demand yet.
On the territory of the former USSR, articulated dump trucks are produced by the Belarusian production association BELAZ, which also includes the Mogilev Automobile Plant. The BelAZ-7528/75281 model with a lifting capacity of 36 tons is made in accordance with the classical canons. This full-size machine with an articulated frame and a 6x6 wheel arrangement is designed for transporting bulk goods on the surface in off-road conditions and is equipped with a 410 kW MTU S-60 engine, coupled with a hydromechanical transmission.
Underground dump trucks MoAZ and BelAZ are also used on the surface, but in terms of cross-country ability they are inferior to “genuine” articulated dump trucks. Their constant use on the surface is irrational. This group of underground dump trucks includes two-axle vehicles with a lifting capacity of 22 t MoAZ-7529 and MoAZ-740-9586, a three-axle MoAZ-7508 with a lifting capacity of 35 t and a two-axle BelAZ-75800 with a lifting capacity of 40 t.
The brainchild of Minsk "Amkodor" - dump truck 20231 is still at the testing stage. The sample presented at the CTT 2008 exhibition pleases the eye with an interesting, modern design. The 24 t dump truck is equipped with a 194 kW Cummins turbodiesel, hydromechanical gearbox and ZF axles. NEF axles are considered as an alternative. The dump truck speed is up to 45 km. / h, the angle of rotation of the frames - 42 °. The interior of the cabin is designed in a modern style, the equipment includes an on-board computer. In general, the model promises to compete with Western models.
The plant "Chelyabinsk road-building machines" tried to take on articulated dump trucks. Business was limited to prototypes, and in 2005 CSDM abandoned this project.
Volvo CE, the progenitor of articulated dump trucks, is in the lead among Western companies in Russian supplies. Its lineup includes five models in the range of carrying capacity 24 ... 39 t - A25E (6x6), A25E (4x4), A30E, A35E and A40E and modifications A35E FS and A40E FS. The trucks are powered by Volvo in-line 6-cylinder engines with electronically controlled injection, turbocharger and intercooler. Models A25E and A30E are equipped with a 9.4 liter D9 engine with a capacity of 223 and 251 kW, A35E and A40E dump trucks are equipped with 12- and 16-liter D12D and D16D engines with a capacity of 309 and 346 kW. The engine is aggregated with a Volvo PowerTronic planetary automatic gearbox, in the "younger" models with six ranges forward and two backward, in the "older" - with nine ranges forward and three backward. The torque from the automatic transmission is transmitted by cardan gears to the transfer case, and from it to the axles. The middle axle is through, the front axle is disconnected. The transfer case design provides high ground clearance. Volvo develops special axles for dump trucks with fully balanced axle shafts, planetary final drives and cam clutches for full differential lock.
For bodies, Volvo offers several options for additional equipment - rear walls of various designs, a superstructure for transporting light materials, an exhaust gas heating system, a front anti-spill shield. The articulated chassis also serves as a base for tanks, pipe and timber carriers, "multi-lifts" and other superstructures.
The A25E dump truck (4x4) with a lifting capacity of 24 t is distinguished by its maneuverability due to its short wheelbase and is convenient for the construction of tunnels, mountain serpentines, etc. With the help of a unique swivel device (installed on request), which includes two small lifting wheels in front of the rear axle , the dump truck will turn around in a 9.5 m wide tunnel. The turning, or rather the skidding of the rear frame, is performed by the effort of the steering drive. The maneuver is performed on an empty dump truck.
The A35E FS and A40E FS modifications presented at BAUMA 2007 feature FS (Full Suspension) suspension with hydraulic cylinders on each wheel. The suspension is characterized by a soft ride of both laden and empty dump trucks.
Volvo dump trucks are more common in temperate countries. The Nordic specifications are still under development.
Caterpillar machinery is chosen for harsh climates. The corporation offers four basic models in the lifting capacity range from 23.6 to 38 tons with wheel configurations 6x6 - 725, 730, 735 and 740 and two modifications with forced unloading 730 Ejector and 740 Ejector. Caterpillar installs 6-cylinder in-line engines with ACERT Technology - 11.2 L C11 at 225 and 237 kW on the 725 and 730, and 15.2 L C15 at 287 and 325 kW on the 735 and 740. For dump trucks specially designed automatic 6- and 7-range gearboxes and axles. Locks for interwheel and center differentials are provided.
Dump trucks are characterized by a body fixed to the frame. The body is unloaded by the ejection plate using a hydraulic cylinder. The plate moves on rollers along the guides on the underbody and side edges. This system allows the truck to be reliably unloaded on the move, as well as on slopes, in tunnels and under power lines.
The Italian manufacturer of road, mining and articulated dump trucks Astra has been owned by IVECO since 1986, which, together with Case-New Holland, is part of the FIAT Group. Several years ago, Astra articulated dump trucks were sold under several brands - New Holland, O&K, Case and Astra itself. After the 2005 reform, CNH left the last two marks.
The line of Astra articulated dump trucks consists of four models with a 6x6 wheel arrangement - ADT 25C, ADT 30C, ADT 35C and ADT 40C with a lifting capacity of 23.2; 28.16; 31.5 and 37 tons. Two "younger" models are equipped with 6-cylinder in-line IVECO Cursor 10 engines with a working volume of 10.3 liters and a total power of 235 and 260 kW, automatic 6-band ZF gearboxes, and Kessler axles. The complete set of "senior" models includes 6-cylinder in-line engines Cursor 13 with a volume of 12.8 liters and a total power of 302 and 335 kW, 6-range automatic gearboxes ZF ErgoPower and ZF axles. The first three models have dry disc brakes, the ADT 40C has oil-immersed disc brakes. Unlike the competition, the Astra's body is lifted by two multi-section hydraulic cylinders placed inside the frame for better protection.
Bell is a South African company known worldwide as a supplier of articulated haulers. The company's plant in Eisenach (Thuringia, Germany) produces dump trucks for European markets. The line consists of six models with a 6x6 wheel arrangement with permanent drive - B20D, B25D, B30D, B35D, B40D and B50D with a lifting capacity of 18; 23.2; 27.3; 32.5; 37 and 45.4 tons. The German full cycle plant uses European components, with the exception of bridges. Bell supplies bridges of its own design and production from South Africa. Models B20D, the production of which the plant began at the end of 2007, and the B25D and B30D are equipped with a 6-cylinder in-line Mercedes-Benz OM906 engine with a volume of 6.37 liters and a net power of 165, 198 and 232 kW and a 6-speed automatic transmission ZF with integrated retarder. The B35D and B40D dump trucks are equipped with a 12-liter OM501 V-shaped 6-cylinder diesel engine with a capacity of 283 and 308 kW and an Allison 6-range automatic transmission. The "older" model B50D is equipped with an OM502 8-cylinder V-shaped engine with a volume of 16 liters and a capacity of 382 kW and also an Allison automatic transmission. Bell is a proponent of rigid suspension. The front axle suspension includes an A-arm, transverse link and nitrogen / oil accumulators. The rear axles rest on longitudinal balancing beams through damping elements and are connected to the frame by four pairs of reaction rods and transverse rods.
The Norwegian dump truck manufacturer Moxy supplies five models of 6x6 dump trucks with permanent drive - MT26, MT31, MT36, MT41 and MT51 with a lifting capacity of 24.1; 28; 32.7; 37.2 and 46.27 tons. They are equipped with 5-cylinder Scania DC9 diesel engines with a volume of 9 liters and a power of 220 and 247 kW for the MT26 and MT31 models, 6-cylinder Scania DC12 diesel engines with a volume of 11.7 liters and a power of 285 and 322 kW for dump trucks МТ36 and МТ41 and a Cummins QSX15 engine with a volume of 15 liters and a power of 374 kW for the "older" model МТ51. The transmission includes 6-band ZF and Allison automatic gearboxes, a transfer case with a limited slip differential, axles with limited slip differentials. Front axles with independent suspension.
In August 2008, the Korean conglomerate Doosan bought Moxy for 55 million euros. Doosan promised to increase Moxy sales fivefold by 2012, bringing them to 250 million euros, as well as modernize the model range towards increasing payload.
American Terex offers five models of articulated dump trucks - TA25, TA27, TA30, TA35 and TA40 with a lifting capacity of 23, 25, 28, 34 and 38 tons. The "younger" models TA25, TA27 and TA30 are equipped with Cummins QSM11 engines with a volume of 10.8 liters and power of 221, 238 and 248 kW, automatic gearboxes ZF with manual mode, axles with permanent all-wheel drive and manual locking of center and cross-axle differentials. The torque converter, automatic gearbox and transfer case are combined into a single unit. The features of the "junior" models include custom-made split axles with independent suspension. The complete set of the "older" models TA35 and TA40 includes 6-cylinder in-line Detroit Diesel Series 60 engines with a volume of 14 liters and a capacity of 289 and 326 kW, a six-speed automatic transmission Allison HD456 with a built-in retarder, a separate two-stage transfer case with a locking differential, axles with increased differentials. friction.
The Komatsu Corporation, whose bulldozers, excavators, whose mining dump trucks have gained recognition among the oil workers, gas workers and builders of Siberia and the North, has recently begun to formulate the northern specifications for articulated dump trucks. There are successful developments in this direction. The body heating system is recognized as the most effective, it is copied by other companies.
The lineup of Komatsu dump trucks includes three models НМ300-1, НМ350-1 and НМ400-1 with a lifting capacity of 27.3; 32.3 and 36.5 t with 6x6 wheel arrangement and permanent drive. The dump trucks are powered by Komatsu 6-cylinder in-line turbocharged diesels with charge air intercooler. On НМ350-1 and НМ400-1, the SAA6D140E-3 engine with a capacity of 298 and 331 kW is installed, on the НМ300-1 dump truck - SAA6D125E-3 with a capacity of 250 kW. The transmission includes a lock-up torque converter and an electronically controlled automatic gearbox K ATOMiCS. The center differential, made in a single block with the gearbox, is equipped with a multi-disc oil-cooled blocking clutch. Locks center and cross-axle differentials can be switched on and off on the go. Komatsu uses hydropneumatic suspension. The front axle uses a De Dion suspension for smoother obstacle clearance and comfortable driving. On the rear wheel cart, a combined suspension is used - at the rear axle there is a hydropneumatic suspension and rubber elastic elements on the middle walk-through axle.
Evolving, articulated dump trucks have acquired common features - 6x6 wheel arrangement, permanent four-wheel drive, 6-cylinder in-line engine, automatic gearbox, locking differentials, body structure, etc. And outwardly, dump trucks of different brands are very similar. The practical difference lies in technical nuances, but to a greater extent in adaptation to specific climatic conditions, as well as in the possibilities and conditions of service.
