Stepper motor This is not only a motor drivening all kinds of device (printer, scanner, etc.), but also a good generator! The main advantage of such a generator is that he does not need large revs. In other words, even with small revolutions, the stepper engine produces quite a lot of energy. That is, the usual cycling generator requires initial speeds until the lantern starts shining with bright light. This deficiency disappears when using a stepper motor.
In turn, the stepping motor has a number of shortcomings. The main of them is a great magnetic sticking.
Anyway. First, we need to find a stepper engine. There is a rule: the engine is more - the better.
Let's start with the largest. I walked it out of the plotter for printing, this is such a big printer. The engine looks pretty big.
Before showing you a stabilization and nutrition scheme, I want to show you the attachment method to your cycle.
Here is another option with a smaller engine.
I think each of you when building will choose the most suitable option for him.
Well, now the time has come to talk about lanterns and nutrition chains. Naturally all lamps - LED.
The straightening scheme is normal: a block of rectifier diodes, a pair of large capacitance capacitors and a voltage stabilizer.
Usually, from the stepper motor, there are 4 wires corresponding to two coils. Therefore, in the figure, two rectifier blocks.
Wind is free energy! So let's use it for personal purposes. If the creation of a VES on an industrial scale is very expensive, because in addition to the generator, a number of studies and calculations should be conducted, the state does not take such expenses, and investors in the countries of the former USSR are for some reason it does not cause much interest. In particular, you can make a mini-windmill for your own needs. It is worth understanding that the project for the translation of your home on an alternative energy is very expensive.
As already mentioned: it is necessary to produce long-term observations and calculations to choose the optimal ratio of the size of a wind wheel and the generator, suitable for your climate, the rose of winds and the average annual wind speed.
The efficiency of the wind-electrical installation within one region may differ at times, this is due to the fact that the wind movement depends not only on the climatic belt, but also from the terrain.
However, you can find out what wind power with minimal costs gathering a budget installation for powering a low-power load, such as a smartphone, light bulbs or a radio reception. With a proper approach, you can provide electricity a small home or country site.
Let's look at how you can make the simplest wind-electrical installation with your own hands.
Low power windmills from girlfriend
A computer cooler is a neclectron engine, which in its original form does not represent practical value.
It must be rewinded, as the winding is connected inappropriately. Wind coils alternately:
Clockwise;
Counterclock-wise;
Clockwise;
Counterclock-wise.
It is necessary to connect adjacent coils in series, and even better to wind one piece moving from one groove to another. In this case, the thickness of the wire in this case is made arbitrarily, it will be better if you what as many turns as possible, and this is possible when using the least thin wire.
The output voltage from such a generator will be variable, and its value will depend on revolutions (wind speed), install the diode bridge from Schottki diodes to straighten it to constant, conventional diodes will fit, but it will be worse, because They will fall out voltage from 1 to 2 volts.
Lyrical retreat, a little theory
Remember the magnitude of the EDC equals:
where L is the length of the conductor placed in the magnetic field; V is the rotational speed of the magnetic field;
When upgrading the generator, you can only affect the length of the conductor, that is, on the number of turns of each of the coils. The amount of turns - determines the output voltage, and the thickness of the wire is the maximum current load.
In practice, it is impossible to influence the wind speed. However, from this situation, too, there is a way out, you can, having learned the type wind speed for your locality to design the appropriate screws for wind-electrical installation, as well as gear or belt transmission, to ensure sufficient revolutions to generate the required voltage.
IMPORTANT: Faster does not mean better !!! With too much speed of rotation of the wind generator to reduce its resource, deteriorates the lubricating properties of the sleeves or bearings of the rotor, and it is embedded, and quickly happen to break the windings insulation in the generator
The generator consists of:
Increase the generator power from a computer cooler
First, the more blades and the wheel diameter - the better, so look at 120 mm coolers.
Secondly, we have already said that the tension depends on the magnetic field, the fact is that industrial high-power generators have excitation windings, and low power - strong magnets. In the cooler, the magnets are extremely weak and do not allow to achieve good results from the generator, and the gap between the rotor and the stator is very large - about 1 mm, and this is with already weak magnets.
The solution to this problem is radically changed the generator design. Rather, only the impeller will need from the cooler, the motor from the printer or any other home appliances will be applied as the generator itself. Most often are brush engines with excitation from permanent magnets.
As a result, it will look like this.
The power of such a generator is enough to power the LEDs, the radio receiver. It is not enough for recharging the phone, the phone will display the charge process, but the current will be extremely small, up to 100 amps, with wind 5-10 meters per second.
Stepper motor as a wind generator
The stepper motor is very often found in computer and household appliances, in various players, floppy drives (interesting old models 5.25 "), printers (especially matrix), scanners, etc.
These engines without alterations can operate as a generator role, they are a rotor with permanent magnets, and a stator with windings, a typical circuit of connecting a stepper motor in the generator mode is shown in the figure.
The diagram is installed a linear stabilizer by 5 volts, such as L7805, which will allow without fear to connect mobile phones to such a windmill for charging them.
In the photo, the generator from the stepper motor with the installed blades.
Engine in a specific case with 4 output wires, diagram, respectively, under it. The engine with such dimensions in the generator mode produces about 2 W at a weak wind (wind speed of about 3 m / s) and 5 m / s with a strong (up to 10 m / s).
By the way, here is a similar scheme with stabilion, instead of L7805. Allows you to charge Li-Ion batteries.
Improvemade windmill
So that the generator worked more efficiently needs to make a guide shank and consolidate it on the mast moving. Then, when the wind direction changes, the direction of the wind generator will change. Then the following problem occurs - the cable that comes from the generator to the consumer will spin around the mast. To solve it, you need to provide mobile contact. On Ebay and Aliexpress for sale a finished solution.
The lower three wires are stationary go down, and the upper beam of the wires is moving, a sliding contact or brush mechanism is installed inside. If you do not have the opportunity to buy, show the smelting, and, inspired by the solution of the Zhigul car designers, namely the implementation of the moving contact of the signal button on the steering wheel and do something similar. Or use the contact platform from the electric kettle.
Connecting connectors, you will receive mobile contact.
Powerful wind generator from undergraduates.
For greater power, you can use two options:
1. Generator from the screwdriver (10-50 W);
From the screwdriver only the motor is needed, the option is similar to the previous one, you can use the fan blades as a screw, it will increase the final power of your installation.
Here is an example of this project:
Please note how the gear-enhancing transmission is implemented here - the wind generator shaft is located in the pipe, at its end there is a gear that transmits the rotation of a smaller gear on the motor shaft. An increase in engine speed takes place in industrial windscreen electrical installations. Reducer apply everywhere.
However, in conditions of homemade, make a reducer to become a big problem. You can remove the gearbox from the power tool, it is needed there to lower the high speed on the collector motor shaft into normal rotation of the cartridge on the drill, or the bladler disk:
The flower gearbox is installed in the drill;
A corner reducer is installed in the grinder (it will be useful for mounting some settings and reduce the load from the tail of the VEU);
Reducer from hand drill.
This embodiment of the self-made wind generator can already be charged 12 to batteries, but you need a converter to form a charging current and voltage. This task can simplify using the automotive generator.
The advantage of such a generator is the ability to use it to charge automotive batteries, in principle it is intended for this. Autogenerators have a built-in voltage regulator relay, which eliminates the need to buy additional stabilizers or converters.
However, motorists know that at low idle turns, approximately 500-1000 rpm power of such a generator is small, and it does not provide a proper current for the battery charge. This leads to the need to connect to the windwall through a gearbox or belt transmission.
Adjust the number of revolutions with a normal wind speed latitudes with a selection of a gear ratio or using a properly designed wind vehicle.
Useful advice
Perhaps the most comfortable mast design for the windmill - depicted in the picture. Such a mast stretches on cables fixed on the holders in the ground, which ensures stability.
Important: The height of the mast should be as much as possible about 10 meters. At greater height, the wind is stronger, because for him there are no obstacles in the form of land structures, hills and trees. In no case, do not install the wind generator on the roof of your house. Resonant oscillations of fastening structures can cause the destruction of its walls.
Take care of the reliability of the carrier mast, because the design of the windmill on the basis of such a generator is significantly weighty and is an already a fairly serious solution that can carry out autonomous dacha power supply with a minimum set of electrical appliances. Devices that work from 220 volts can be powered by the inverter 12-220 V. The most common option of such an inverter is.
It is better to use generators from diesel, incl. trucks, because they are designed to work on low revs. On average, the diesel engine of a large truck works in the revolutions range from 300 to 3,500 rpm.
Modern generators give out 12 or 24 volts, and a current of 100 amps - has long been normal. After carrying out simple calculations, it is possible to determine that such a generator will give you up to 1 kW of power to 1 kW, and the alternator from Zhiguli (12 B 40-60 A) is 350-500 W, which is already a pretty decent figure.
What should be the windweight for homemade VEU?
I mentioned in the text that the windweight should be large and with a large number of blades, in fact it is not. This statement was fair for those micro-generators who do not claim to be serious electrical machines, but rather copies for familiarization and leisure.
In fact, the design, calculation and the creation of the wind vehicles is a very difficult task. Wind energy will be used rational if it is performed very accurately and perfectly withdrawn "aviation" profile, while it must be installed with a minimum angle to the wheel rotation plane.
The real power of the windwall with the same diameter and different number of blades is the same, the difference is only in the speed of their rotation. The smaller the wings - the greater the revolutions per minute, with the same wind and diameter. If you are going to achieve maximum revolutions, you must as accurately fix the wings with a minimum angle to the plane of their rotation.
Familiarize yourself with the table from the book of 1956 "Homemade Wind Position" ed. DOSAAF Moscow. It shows the connection of the diameter of the wheel, power and revolutions.
At home, these theoretical calculations give little sense, lovers make the wind-makes from the primary means, goes into move:
Metal sheets;
Plastic sewer pipes.
It is possible to assemble with your own hands. The use of these pipes is due to their form, after trimming, they have a concave form, which ensures high responsiveness to air flows.
After trimming, they are fixed with bolts on a metal, textolite or plywood blank. If you are going to make it from plywood - it is better to run and twist with self-stairs on both sides of several layers of plywood, then you will achieve stiffness.
Here is the idea of \u200b\u200btwo paddle solid impeller for the generator from the stepper motor.
findings
You can make a wind-electrical installation from small capacities - units of watts, to power individual LED lamps, beacons and small equipment, to good power values \u200b\u200bin kilowatt units, accumulate energy in the battery, use it in its original form or convert to 220 volts. The cost of such a project will depend on your needs, perhaps the most expensive element is the mast and batteries, it may be within $ 300-500.
Usually blowing a light breeze, but my mini windmill is periodically spinning to very large revolutions, the screw rotates at such a speed that it is practically not visible, though, with such revolutions, the bastings rocate can be rocked. Syuh, this windmill supported in working condition an old, but the working battery so that it does not discharge. The maximum power of the windmill is only up to 100m, it may be possible to give out and more, but we usually blow with a small wind, and frozen on the usual breeze.The design of such windmills spied on the same overseas site and decided to repeat, and this baby was born. As a generator, a stepper motor from a long time of non-working and drifting in my inkjet printer was used. Obraveling him twisted the fiberglass. Further I looked, turned it, twisted with my hands, I remembered how much it gives, I gave very little, but the volts rose above 12, which means he couldoretically charge the battery.
Next, from the transistor made a mount for the blades. The transistor drilled on the diameter of the shaft on which the gear nozzle was becoming, in general under its size. She put on the tree of the transistor, drowned glue and twisted making sure that everything is smooth. Then finally fixed with the help of epoxy. Divorced a little and flooded the hole of the transistor, additionally defended the motor from the bad weather shrouding holes in the motor. Below is the photo of this generator.
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Next, from the segment of PVC pipes, with a diameter of 110mm, cut the blade, the billet was drawn on the pipe, which cut out the cutting machine. The sizes took the exemplary width turned out to be 9cm, and the scope of the screw is 48cm. Drilled holes and screwed the screw to the motor-generator with the help of small bolts.
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The base used a segment of a 55-to-one PVC pipe, then cut the tail from the plywood, and added a piece from 110-to.torchik. Increased pipes. After the assembly, it turned out such a wind power station. Immediately gathered a rectifier. So, as this motor did not want to give a lot of volts on small revolutions, I collected according to the doubling scheme and turned on sequentially.
Diodes took HER307, capacitors - 3300mKF
The scheme looked into polyethylene and put the rectifier into the pipe, then the engine and tied it with a wire through the drilled dyskochki, the space was smeared with silicone. So, Silicone then stalked all the holes on top, and the bottom drilled one hole just in case, so that if the water is glass, and the condensate evaporated.
The tail secured through the bolt, the semicircular tail inserted and tied with a wire, he was so firmly held. Found the center of gravity, drilled (dia. 9mm.) I still drilled dia. 6mm Two bolts M10, through, under the axis. (M10 bolts here serve as the "axis bearing) screwed from above and below the M10 bolts into the pipe, smeared the long bolt M6 solidol and twisted everything, it turned out quite rustling. The bolt-axis (M6) screwed to the corner, and its stick. From above on the M10 bolt dressed on Silicone cork, now the axis of the water is not afraid. All wind generator is made.
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For the mast took several storces. who twisted self-drawing, secured the windmill and raised to the Werker. Connected to the battery, charging comes, but very weak, supports the battery from a natural discharge. Since the yard is spinning, I was satisfied, at least I would know where the wind blows. This option is - as it is said on that site - Little Weekend Project, then-there is a small project for the weekend, for the pleasure of a thread to pick up, the more I am not I spent a penny ... glue is not counting. So, in theory, a couple of small LEDs will be lit, or a mobile phone in a couple of days to charge, but most likely such a weak current will take the phone for bad contact and turn off by writing a bad connection on the display.
In the future, if there is a time and desire, I can make on the courtyard lighting, that's just the second one and the small battery will put a small battery, or several batteries. For this, one more stepper remained, only this gives a 2x20 volt from scrolling with hand, but the current is small. And the second - on the brushes, immediately stand. From hand 10 volts, KZ - 0.5 amp. And I will still torment the autogenerator, just the magnets wait.
The power supply of country houses, country houses or cottage settlements is often distinguished by instability. The lines are worn, interruptions from accidents or cliffs of wires occur much more often than wanted. There is no time to correct damage, but also small intervals create a lot of inconvenience. The solution to the issue can be the installation capable of providing the main consuming instruments.
Mini wind generator do it yourself
The dimensions of the wind generator should not necessarily affect the imagination by its grandeur. The current is capable of producing a current and a small installation created from small girlfriends or devices. It can be a teaching aid for children, a source of lighting for emergencies, a charger for a mobile phone battery, etc.
Costs are reduced in tens of times, efficiency is obtained by such what was laid when creating a project. As a trial model that allows you to work out technology and get some experience in creating such devices, a mini-wind generator can be. For the manufacture, you can use various from the failed or outdated equipment.
Use old computer cooler
For windmaster manufacturing Need a big cooler, it gives the best results and is convenient in work. First of all, it is necessary to disassemble it. The sticker is removed, the plug and locking ring is removed. After that, the cooler is easily disassembled along the axis of rotation into two approximately the same than half the sizes.
One of them is a rotor, whose blades will have to change to larger ones. For this, old blades are neatly clouted or cut off, new, about 4 more than the previous ones are made from the plastic bottle. It is convenient to take three things, they will have a sufficient base area for durable gluing.
There are four windings on the stator. They can be left in inviolability, or change the number of turns. It takes a thinner wire and wounds on everything in turn, and, in different directions. Coils are connected accordingly.
After that, it is necessary to make a rectifier, for which four diode will need. They are connected in pairs sequentially, then parallel. The wires are joined, the device is ready. To install it on the wind, you will need a stand or a small mast, which is easiest to make from trimming a metal tube. In order for the windmill independently put on the wind, you will need a tail stabilizer, like an aircraft tail.
A tester or LED flashlight is joined to verify performance.
Akb charging device
A small wind generator capable of charging a car battery is a very practical and necessary device. It is necessary to ensure a voltage not exceeding the Nominal Akb (usually 12 V), otherwise the risk of reloading and boiling the battery will appear.
As a generator, a self-made device of the appropriate power or a ready asynchronous engine, a tractor or car generator, capable of creating a charge voltage, will be required. To protect against recharge, you will need a controller based on a car regulator, disconnecting charge when too high voltage appears.
Matching winder
Have matching windmillallowing you to get the maximum comfort from being in nature, convenient and useful for each travel lover. The requirements for such a windmill are obvious:
- compactity
- the ability to quickly build or disassembly for transportation
- power providing electricity required devices
It will be needed to make an impeller with disconnecting blades and a generator issuing sufficient power. The optimal option is a horizontal type, with blades on the screws. The generator is best to adapt from the car, it needs a little upgrades (rewind of coils) and the installation of magnets on the rotor (neodymium magnets are used to excite windings).
In nature, it is enough to consolidate the device on the trunk of a tree or a different suitable support and put it on the wind. For compactness, you can not make the rotation device around the vertical axis and adjust the position manually.
Windmill from a stepper motor from the printer
Stepper engines are capable of issuing 12 and more volt, but they are small with them. The design does not allow to strengthen their windings, so used as it is. The appropriate size blades are installed on the shaft made from polypropylene sewer pipes. It will be necessary to assemble the simplest rectifier. Ordinary stepper engines in theory are able to charge a mobile phone battery in a couple of days, but in practice it is very difficult to use it possible to highlight with LED flashlights.
Other possible options
For production of a mini-wind generator You can use any electric motors from household appliances. You can accommodate the engine from the ribbon mechanism, from the old microwave (fan), different variants of brush structures. All of them have low power and will not be able to provide any serious devices, but as trial models created with children and giving experience and understanding of the process, all these options are quite suitable.
On the basis of the knowledge gained and the skill, a more productive wind generator can be created, capable of providing the needs of a private house, to translate it to the offline power supply mode.
The wind generator at home can be an additional source of electricity. Especially it will be useful in cases where the light turned off, and you need to charge any device. You can connect such a wind-generator to the street lighting light in the yard, while saving on electricity. In general, it is always possible to find use in the economy of this device. Especially since it is possible to make it practically from the girlfriend.
In this article we will tell how to make a simple wind engineer from the stepper engine.
What do you need to build the wind generator?
In order to assemble the wind engineer from the stepper motor, the following details will be needed:
- actually motor;
- sheet metal;
- aluminum tube;
- flange (1/4 ");
- square pipe;
- disc from saw;
- pin;
- clamps (can be used from the car);
- pVC pipes of different sizes (for example, 8x4, 30x8);
- washers, bolts and so on for fastening parts;
- diodes.
From the tools will be useful to hack, adjustable and gas key, sandpaper, roulette, drill, protractor and roulette.
Principle of operation of the wind generator
It stops in detail on how the wind generator from the stepper motor works, it is not worth it. After all, all such generators have the same principle of operation: the wind makes the windmill bladder rotate, as a result of which the generator begins to work, which produces electricity.
Making the wind generator
The first to start to start is to cut the blades. To do this, we will use PVC pipes.
What needs to be considered, cutting the blades?
- The length of each blade is what it is more, the easier they will spin with a weak wind, but at the same time they will have a rather low rotation speed.
- The rotation will be greater at the ends of the generator blades - this moment must be taken into account in advance and calculate the ratio of wind speed to the speed of rotation of the blades.
- Remember that the power obtained from the wind will be equated to the wind speed in the third degree. Although do not forget about the law of Betz, who says that from the energy of the wind, it is possible to obtain approximately 59.3 percent of energy.
- The higher the windmill from the ground, the more effective it will be (energy will be produced more).
Make the blades will not make big problems. To do this, it will be necessary to cut the PVC pipe into three parts: two 150 degrees and one 60, as shown in the figures.
Note that two cuts of the pipe (150 0) are suitable for wide blades. If you wish, you can cut them up to the desired width.
The next task to make a hub is a knot for fastening the blades. For these purposes, a saw for a saw with waste teeth. It will need six holes (three groups of 2 each). The holes are made with a displacement of 120 0, and the distance between them in the same group should be about inches. Placing openings on the disk is shown in the picture:
In this case, we use three blades, although you can install six: then the holes of the holes will be shifted by 60 0. We screw the blades to the harvested disk with holes - secure them through bolts and nuts.
The next stage of work is a hinge for turning and vane. A swivel platform will also be required to enhance the generator. It will look like this:
For the manufacture of this design, you need a square pipe from PVC, a piece of sheet metal and a flange. The "tail" of the wind generator cut out from iron. In a square tube, we make an incision of 20-25 centimeterdlinine and insert our vanes there - we fix this design bolts.
By the way, it would not hurt to think and protect the generator from precipitation. For example, it can be made from the pipe as shown in the photo:
Then we paint all the details of our windmill and let them dry. After that, we collect everything into one whole, secure the engine, cover to the pipe by means of automotive clamps. It is also necessary to install the flange (it is placed closer to the engine) with the help of self-tapping screws.
Now it remains only to make a match for the wind generator. For these purposes, a pipe made of PVC and fittings, which is used with plastic pipes. You can make a mast like this:
The last step will be the direct fastening of the wind generator to the mast and its installation. Before this, a previously made hub with blades are planted onto the motor shaft. That's all.
In conclusion, a few words about the battery compartment of the windmill. For it, two batteries can be used (for example, automotive). Between the generator and the batteries, you will need to solder diodes so that the current enter exactly the batteries, and did not go to the generator.
Such a home wind generator is suitable for charging batteries and other purposes. You can also experiment and make a more powerful windmill: for example, add blades, change their size, etc.
