Gas 53 dump truck specifications dimensions. Trucks gaz, zil, kamaz, ural, maz, kraz

Overview of the characteristics of the car GAZ-53

The GAZ-53 car with a carrying capacity of 4 tons with a drive to the rear axle (rear axle) is designed for the transportation of various materials and goods on all types of roads.

The main components of GAZ-53 vehicles (engine, clutch, gearbox, cardan gear, brakes, etc.), electrical equipment, units and parts are unified.

Technical characteristics of the car GAZ-53

Carrying capacity, kg - 4000
The greatest weight of a towed trailer with a load, kg. - 4000
Vehicle curb weight, kg - 3250

Overall dimensions, mm:

Length - 6395
- width - 2380
- height (in the cabin without load) - 2220

Base, mm - 3700
Front wheel track (on the ground) - 1630
Rear wheel track - 1690

Lowest points (full load):

Drive axle housings - 265
- front axle - 347

Turning radius along the track of the outer front wheel, m - 8
The highest speed of the GAZ-53 car with full load without a trailer (on a horizontal section of the road with an improved surface), km / h - 80-86
Control fuel consumption when measured in summer for a run-in car moving with full load in fourth gear at a constant speed of 30-40 km / h, l / 100 km - 24

GAZ-53 engine

The number of cylinders and their arrangement - 8, V-shaped
Cylinder diameter, mm - 92
Piston stroke, mm - 80
Working volume of cylinders, l - 4.25
Compression ratio (average) - 6.7
Maximum power (limited by the governor) at 3200 rpm, hp - 115
Maximum torque at 2000 - 2500 rpm, kg / cm - 29
The order of operation of the cylinders - 1-5-4-2-6-3-7-8

GAZ-53 car transmission

Clutch - Single disc, dry

The gearbox of the GAZ-53 gearbox is a three-way, with synchronizers in the third and fourth gears.

Transfer case - Has two gears: direct and reduction with a gear ratio of 1.982

Cardan drive - Open type, has cardan shafts with needle bearings.
The main gear of the driving axles - Bevel, hypoid type, gear ratio 6.83

Differential - Gear, Cam, Conical, increased friction
Swivel pins - Flanged, with CV joint

Undercarriage GAZ-53

Springs - Four longitudinal semi-elliptical, the ends are embedded in rubber supports.

Rear suspension - has additional springs.

Shock absorbers - Hydraulic, telescopic double-acting. Installed on the front axle and both axles.

Steering GAZ-53

Steering mechanism type - Globoidal worm with three-ridge roller. Gear ratio - 20.5 (average)

Power steering (GUR) - Hydraulic.

Brake system of the car GAZ-53

Foot brakes - Shoe brakes on four wheels.
Foot brakes drive - Hydraulic with a hydraulic vacuum booster.

Hand brake - Central drum type.
Location: On the driven shaft of the transmission.

Electrical equipment

Wiring system - Single wire with negative ground connection
Mains voltage, 6
Generator - G130-G, 350 W
Relay-regulator - РР130
Storage battery - 6-ST-68-EM
Starter - CT130-B with remote start
Ignition coil - B13 with additional resistance
Interrupter-distributor - R13-B
Spark plugs - A11-U

GAZ-53 cab - Metal, double, two-door.

Platform dimensions, mm:

Length - 3 740
- width - 2170

Board height - 680
Compressor - Single Cylinder Air Cooled

Adjustment data of the GAZ-53 machine

The gap between the rocker arms and the valves on a cold engine (temperature 15-20 ° C), mm - 0.25-0.30

It is allowed to set the clearance at the extreme valves of both rows (intake valves of the first and eighth, exhaust of the fourth and fifth cylinders), mm - 0.15-0.20

The gap between the electrodes of the candles, mm - 0.8-0.9

The gap in the breaker, mm - 0.3-0.4

Free travel of the clutch pedal, mm - 32-42 / 35-45

Free travel of the brake pedal, mm - 8-13

Refueling capacities and volumes of the GAZ-53 car (l)

Fuel tanks (capacity) - 200
Transmission housing - 3.0
Transmission housing with power take-off - 4.2
Transfer case housing - 1.5
Rear axle housing - 8.2
Front axle housing - 7.7
Steering gear case - 0.5
Shock absorbers (each separately) - 0.41
Winch gearbox housing - 0.8
Power steering - 1.8
Foot brake hydraulic drive system - 0.76

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Service of the fuel system of the diesel engine D-245

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Assembly operations for the basic components of the ZIL-130 engine

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GAZ 53 has been produced for over thirty years and has gained immense popularity among the population of our country. Since the beginning of production, the model has been constantly modernized, and the GAZ 53 12, which has been produced since 1983, is considered the last base model.

Classic GAZ 53 early modification

It is one of the most famous and popular Soviet trucks. It belongs to the family of 3 generations of medium-duty trucks. Produced from 1959 (serial production from 1961) and until the beginning of 1993 at the Gorky Automobile Plant. With its modifications, it was the most massive truck in the USSR. The total number of cars produced is over 4 million.

In October 1961, the 3.5-ton GAZ-53F, 82 hp, was launched. In July 1964, the GAZ-53 itself began to be produced - a 4-ton truck with a V-shaped 8-cylinder, 115 hp. In 1965, the name changed to GAZ-53A.

This model was produced in various modifications for many years until 1983. For, for buses - GAZ-53-40, specialized vehicles used the GAZ-53-11 chassis.

Since 1983, the GAZ-53-12 model has been released. The radiator has a different lining, a new cylinder head has appeared, the chassis has also undergone changes. The carrying capacity has become 4.5 tons.

It appeared in 1990. This is where the history of the GAZ-53 ended, but a lot of these vehicles are still used today.

Interior and exterior of GAZ-53

The GAZ-53 looked very modern for its time. A one-piece radiator grille was made flush with the headlights. The frame was very durable. The gas tank is located under the driver's seat. The filler neck was at the edge of the driver's door, behind the cab.

When converting to gas fuel, this circumstance turned out to be very convenient, since the gas cylinder could be installed under the body, while other trucks had a gas tank there.

The starting technology was modern at the time - an electric starter with a recoil relay, there was a good heating system and electric wipers.

The driver and passenger seats were made as one piece. But, nevertheless, it was comfortable to sit in the cockpit even in winter in warm clothes. Spaces are provided for tools, spare parts and other necessary items.

Export car

GAZ-53 was exported to the countries of the socialist camp: Poland, the GDR, Romania, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Hungary, Vietnam, Mongolia, as well as to Finland. From 1983 to 1991, the assembly of the GAZ-53-12 was carried out by the Bulgarian company Madara.

Trucks of this assembly had a diesel engine of their own production, which was produced under license from Perkins (England).

Specifications

The truck has a rear wheel drive and frame structure. In the factory configuration, the GAZ 53 12 is equipped with an eight-cylinder gasoline internal combustion engine with a V-shaped arrangement of cylinders.

Dimensions and performance characteristics

GAZ 53 has a curb weight of 3.2 tons, gross weight - 7.85 tons.

The car is designed for a carrying capacity of 4.5 tons, but in reality it is often overloaded, which is why it is necessary to repair or change the springs. The carrying capacity of 4.5 tons appeared only in the GAZ 53 12 model, the first GAZ 53F cars were generally three tons.

Dimensions

Length - 6.4 m;
Width - 2.4 m;
Height (taken in the cabin, car without cargo) 2.2 m.

The truck is designed for a maximum permissible constant speed of up to 90 km / h, although in reality it can go at a higher speed (110 km / h), but in an unloaded state.

Wheel characteristics

According to factory data, GAZ 53 should consume 24 liters per 100 km on a flat road at a speed of 40 km / h. But, apparently, it is taken into account that the car is not loaded, the weather is dry and warm, the car is rolling forward. In reality, it is almost impossible to achieve such an indicator, at least GAZonchik consumes 27 liters. Depending on the laden condition, the consumption can increase up to 30 liters.

General characteristics

GAZ-53 is equipped with a 120 hp / 3200 rpm engine;
V-shaped 8-cylinder, carburetor, 4-stroke, 4254 cc;
With a bore / stroke 92/80 mm;
Gearbox: 4 + 1 reverse;
With a length of 6395 mm, a width of 2280 mm, a height of 2190 mm, a base of 3700 m;
Curb weight 3200 kg;
Loading capacity is 4500 kg;
Tank capacity 90 l.

Refueling tanks

Cab and chassis

All-metal, two-door, designed for two passengers. But the passenger seat is very wide, and if desired, the cab can accommodate three people, including the driver. The seats in the cabin are one-piece, not divided according to the number of seats. That is, there is one common "seat" and one backrest.

The chassis is a frame structure, and the cab and body are attached to it. The body can be different:

Onboard;
Van;
Dump;
Special purpose.

Cab from the car GAZ 53

The frame is the connecting link of all components and assemblies of the car, therefore, if desired, the chassis can move independently even without a cab and body.

Engine

The GAZ 53 car was equipped with only two types of gasoline engine. But the six-cylinder engine, which was installed on the car at the very beginning of production, was only on the GAZ 53F model, and it was produced until 1967. After that, only an 8-cylinder internal combustion engine with a volume of 4.25 liters was installed on the "lawn".

The engine only changed its index over time and minor upgrades were carried out, the design itself remained unchanged.

Overhead valve placement, aluminum block and cylinder heads in the sixties of the last century were an innovation, a fresh engineering solution. A similar design of the engine exists to this day - it only changed the volume of the cylinders and added minor technical nuances.

The engine on the GAZ-53-12 is ZMZ-53, overhead valve, having an aluminum block and a cylinder head. The distributor and ignition coil often failed due to design flaws. Before the overhaul, the car managed to cover 400 thousand kilometers. The motor was not particularly economical. To somehow fix this, instead of a single-chamber carburetor, they later began to use a two-chamber one.

GAZ-53 is equipped with a spring dependent suspension. Telescopic shock absorbers are installed on the front suspension. The steering wheel does not have a power steering, which is why only physically strong people could drive such a car. To change gears, you need to use double clutch release. The cardan drive consists of 2 shafts, which are interconnected by Hooke's hinges.

Despite some shortcomings, the GAZ-53 was distinguished by its simplicity of design and suitability for repair, and there were always enough spare parts for this car.

An example is the ZMZ 5234 motor installed on the PAZ bus.

Characteristics of ZMZ 53

Type - 4-stroke;
Number of cylinders - 8;
Compression ratio - 7.6;
The type of gasoline used is A-76;
Piston diameter (standard size) - 92 mm;
Piston stroke - 80 mm;
The diameter of the main journals of the crankshaft ¬– 70 mm;
Diameter of the crankshaft connecting rod journals - 60 mm;
The volume of the cylinders is 4.25 liters;
Power, nominal value - 115 hp from.

The engine is liquid cooled. In Soviet times, water was almost always used as a coolant, and antifreeze or antifreeze was not used on trucks. In the cold, after a work shift, I had to drain the water from the radiator, and the next day in the morning I had to run with buckets. On the other hand, the water was poured hot, and therefore the engine quickly started in any cold.

Since the engine has two rows of 4 cylinders, there are also two cylinder heads (cylinder heads). The ZMZ 53 block is cast from aluminum, the cylinder head is also made of the same metal. A massive intake manifold is located between the heads, a carburetor is installed in the center of the manifold.

The first GAZ 53 models had a K126B carburetor, then it was replaced by K135 (hereinafter K135M).

The direction of rotation of the crankshaft at the engine is right, however, like all automobile internal combustion engines. The order of operation of cylinders 15426378, electronic contactless ignition, with commutator amplification of the spark on the spark plugs. The first models of "lawn" (GAZ 53F and partly GAZ 53A) had a contact system.

GAZ-53 originates from the distant 1961. At that time, the car was already the third generation in the framework of medium-duty trucks. By its age, up to the very 90s, it was one of the most massive trucks. However, it has long been predicted to replace it with another model, no less famous in the future, from GAZ.

In total, over a period of almost 30 years, of a non-stop production cycle, more than 4 million copies of this car went on the road, in a variety of trim levels and modifications. This truck was in wide demand in all Union republics, and at one time, it was supplied to the army.

It is not necessary to judge strictly the appearance, the operating time of the late 50s turned out to be outdated by the early 80s. The same applies to the technical part, the car was produced with various models of engines, with an outdated configuration.

Design

As for the appearance, there is absolutely no archaism here, everything is simple to the smallest detail. First of all, this model was in demand, also because of the spacious cabin, as for this class.

By the beginning of production, it was decided to move away from wooden cabins, and to use all-metal "capsules", which, moreover, had rather good passive safety. Although then, no one thought too much about the lives of people, but all the same, time passed, and the cars were waiting for a revolution, in our country.

In the front part, as expected, there is nothing complicated. The simplest hood design that allows you to quickly start repairs. And the bumper, which was really huge, allowed the repairman to hold on with confidence.

As for the "front end", after the 85th, a restyling was carried out, so to speak, a small update of the model. For the most part, which touched on the optics, and to some extent the cladding.

For the rest, all the elements turned out to be the same, and differed only depending on the purpose of each machine.

Colors

The range of colors was represented by only seven colors: brown, green, blue, white, beige, yellow, black. The most common shades are blue and green.

Salon

The interior decoration also does not present an abundance of any external moments. At that time, everything was as simple and versatile as possible. There is no need to talk about any ergonomics.

The steering wheel is classic for all Soviet trucks, has a three-point mount. There was no cladding, each driver could wrap some material for his comfort, and that was all.

The instrument panel is traditional for GAZs of those years. Without a solid texture, with scattered "wells". There is no central panel as such. Instead, a metal torpedo in which a small "glove compartment" was installed. Some models had room for large analog clocks.

Instead of the classic two armchairs, a large sofa was installed on the GAZ-53, which, thanks to the huge cabin, could easily accommodate three tall people, or four of an average build. On the first models, seat belts were not even provided; they began to be installed only closer to the 80s.

Specifications

The platform for the GAZ-53 is a one-piece frame with a 4 * 2 wheel arrangement. On this basis, a lot of different modifications were produced. At one time even the KAVZ-685 bus, more familiar as a "boot". Accordingly, the structure and position of the suspension differed.

The steering does not have any amplifiers, which made it extremely laborious to drive this car.

The same applies to the braking system, at that time "assistants" were not yet provided.

The checkpoint was in service with only one - it is a 4-speed "mechanics".

Overall dimensions

Length - 6395 mm
Width - 2020 mm
Height - 2220 mm
Curb weight - 3200 kg
Gross weight - 7085 kg
Base, distance between front and rear axle - 3700 mm
Trunk volume - n / a
Fuel tank capacity - 90 l
Tire size - 240/260/280/300 / 320R508
Ground clearance - 265 mm

Engine

There was only one engine - a 4.2 liter gasoline unit capable of generating 120 hp. On its basis, more than five modifications were made, which did not differ significantly.

* - by city \\ highway \\ mixed

Fuel consumption

The consumption of this engine turned out to be at a fairly high level, and was in the range of 24.5 liters per hundred, with a combined driving cycle.

GAZ 53 is a Soviet and Russian truck produced in large series at the Gorky Automobile Plant from 1961 to 1993. The complete production of the car was completed in 1997. The model is rightfully considered one of the most legendary products of the Soviet automobile industry. The car has been in service for decades, and in some areas it is still in use today. At the same time, the Gorky Automobile Plant continues to produce units and spare parts for GAZ 53.

The model represents the third generation of medium-duty trucks of the enterprise and is the most massive product of its class in the USSR. In total, 4 million GAZ 53 were produced in classic, specialized and dump modifications.

The car was used not only in the USSR, but also in other countries. GAZ 53 was exported to Poland, Cuba, East Germany, Vietnam, Finland, Bulgaria, Laos, Hungary, Mongolia, Romania, North Korea and other states. Versions for Eastern Europe were also collected in Bulgaria. All this made GAZ 53 incredibly popular in many countries of the world.

In the late 1950s, work began at the Gorky Automobile Plant to create a line of fundamentally new third-generation cars. They were unified for most of the elements and assemblies. GAZ 56, GAZ 62, GAZ 66 and GAZ 52 were advanced versions and were supposed to replace the existing models. At the same time, GAZ 52 was considered as an alternative to the outdated GAZ 51. It was supposed to be used for deliveries on urban and rural roads, therefore high requirements were imposed on the car in terms of smoothness, maneuverability and cross-country ability. In the mid-1950s, specialists from the Gorky Automobile Plant created several variations of the GAZ 51 with modified plumage and hood, but they were not launched into mass production. The solutions used in these models were subsequently applied to the GAZ 52.

In the early 1960s, the designers of the Gorky Automobile Plant presented an experimental version of the GAZ 52G with a high carrying capacity. It was intended for paved roads. On bad roads, the engine's power was not enough, and the frame fell into disrepair quite quickly. The model, due to significant shortcomings, was not launched into the series, but it served as an occasion for the creation of more powerful units for trucks. As a result, a new GAZ 13 engine appeared, which made it possible to increase the carrying capacity of the car to 4 tons. The design of the car had to be finalized, changing the dimensions of the side platform, strengthening the suspension and frame, and changing the transmission scheme. The GAZ 52 model was converted to GAZ 52A, but taking into account the large-scale changes and the increase in carrying capacity, they decided to assign it the GAZ 53 index.

Initially, the new product was equipped with a forced engine from GAZ 51A, since the enterprise did not have enough capacity for the production of advanced engines. Also, GAZ 53 was equipped with a cab from GAZ 52 and an extended chassis, a rear axle and a gearbox from GAZ 51A.

In 1964, the release of a version with a V-shaped ZMZ-53 unit, a new cladding and a hypoid rear axle began. She had a carrying capacity of 3 tons and was discontinued a year later. Its place was taken by a modification of the GAZ 53A with a reinforced front suspension and an increased carrying capacity. It was produced until 1983 as a chassis and a flatbed truck.

In 1966, the Gorky Automobile Plant launched the production of GAZ 53N for the Soviet Army. The model differed from the basic variation by the presence of a pre-heater, special equipment (snow chains, an insulating cover for the radiator, a saw, a tow rope, an ax and a shovel) and an additional fuel tank.

In 1973, an interesting change appeared in the appearance of all versions of the GAZ 53 - turn signal repeaters. Later, the car received the Quality Mark, which was installed on the cladding between the side lamp and the headlight.

In 1978, stampings appeared on the roof of GAZ 53, a blue tint was added to the color gamut. After another 4 years, the Quality Mark disappeared from the cladding.

In 1983, the car underwent a deep modernization. Many elements were revised: the engine design was changed, the suspension, frame, springs were strengthened, the carrying capacity increased to 4.5 tons. The novelty outwardly did not differ from the GAZ 53A, but was named GAZ 53-12.

In the spring of 1984, the car got a simplified bumper without a stamped top lining. The cladding has also been updated. The modified GAZ 53 was painted in a light gray or protective color.

After 2 years, the truck received new optics - FP130 rear lights and PF130 two-color combined sidelights. Other elements were also changed. The model now has an alarm, a new brake cylinder, an improved dashboard with additional indicators, a contactless ignition system, separate brake circuits and hydraulic vacuum brake boosters.

Since 1986, enlarged panoramic mirrors, enclosed in a black plastic case, have been installed on all versions of GAZ.

By the end of the 1980s, the popularity of the GAZ 53 began to decline rapidly. The collapse of the USSR significantly complicated the situation. After him, the model did not last long on the conveyor - until 1993. The car was manufactured in small batches, but orders for it were decreasing. In 1999, the production of the truck was completely finished.

GAZ 53 was offered in various modifications:

GAZ-53F - onboard version or chassis with an 82-horsepower unit and a rear axle from GAZ 51;
GAZ 53 - basic modification with a ZMZ 53 engine;
GAZ 53A - improved variation of a flatbed truck with increased carrying capacity;
GAZ 53B - dump truck;
GAZ 53N - an army version of GAZ 53A with a pre-heater, additional equipment and a second fuel tank of 100 liters;
GAZ 53-02 - chassis for a dump truck;
GAZ 53-05 - truck tractor (produced in small batches);
GAZ 53-40 is an extended version of GAZ 53A with plumage. Used as a base for KavZ 685 buses and special bodies;
GAZ 53-50 - export version for tropical zones;
GAZ 53-70 - export version for temperate zones;
GAZ 53-12 - an upgraded basic version with a carrying capacity of 4.5 tons and a 120-horsepower ZMZ 511 unit;
GAZ 53-19 - a hybrid modification that runs on liquefied gas;
GAZ 53-27 is a hybrid variation running on compressed natural gas.

There were also several special designs:

MPR 9924 - mobile repair shop;
AL 18 (52-01) -L2 is a ladder made at the Torzhok plant. The car was used to transport personnel (2 people), extinguish fires, and perform rescue operations.

The main area of \u200b\u200bapplication of the GAZ 53 was construction. Large volumes of bulk materials were placed in the car body. They were protected from rain and bad weather by a tarpaulin. Special versions with a preheated engine were used in the military sphere, and later for transporting goods along regional and urban routes. GAZ 53 was used for long-distance transportation, but due to the limited capacity, the route was quite expensive.

Not only bulk materials were transported by car. At agricultural enterprises, he transported packaged products. By the mid-1970s, GAZ 53 “rolled” almost half of the Soviet economy and was used in various fields. The simplicity of design, unpretentiousness and low cost made the model so popular that it accounted for 80% of the vehicle fleet of all Soviet collective farms. Until 1990, the car was deservedly considered the best in its class.

Specifications

Dimensions:

length - 6395 mm;
width - 2020 mm;
height - 2220 mm;
wheelbase - 3700 mm;
ground clearance - 265 mm;
front track - 1630 mm;
rear track - 1690 mm;
minimum turning radius - 8000 mm.

Platform dimensions:

length - 3740 mm;
width - 2170 mm;
the height of the sides - 680 mm.

Weight characteristics:

curb weight - 3200 kg;
lifting capacity - 4500 kg;
gross weight - 8250 kg.

Average fuel consumption at 40 km / h is 24 l / 100 km. Fuel tank capacity - 90 liters. GAZ 53 is capable of accelerating to 90 km / h.

The car's cabin accommodates 2 people. The truck could operate at temperatures from -40 to +40 degrees.

Engine

GAZ 53 was equipped with various engines. The first modifications were fitted with 6-cylinder GAZ 11 units. They were distinguished by high fuel consumption (up to 25 l / 100 km) and simple design. The engine power (82 hp) was not enough for the truck.

The ZMZ 53 unit replaced the GAZ 11 engine. Most versions of the GAZ 53 were equipped with it. The engine had a cast cylinder block and a classic monoblock V-shaped design. Cast iron sleeves and block cavities formed a jacket for water cooling of the unit. The piston group was cast from an aluminum alloy, the block head was made from an Al-4 alloy. The crankshaft was made of cast iron. He passed static and dynamic balancing without fail. The engine received a K-126 carburetor and a contact ignition system. A closed liquid cooling system with a water pump was used for the motor.

Characteristics of the ZMZ 53 motor:

working volume - 4.25 l;
rated power - 115 hp;
maximum torque - 284.5 Nm;
number of cylinders - 8;
compression ratio - 7.6.

On the third modification of GAZ 53, an upgraded ZMZ 53-11 unit was installed, which differs from its predecessor by a sectional oil pump, a closed crankcase ventilation circuit and a full-flow filter element.

Characteristics of the ZMZ 53-11 motor:

working volume - 4.25 l;
rated power - 120 HP

Device

GAZ 53 received a rigid reinforced frame with 7 transverse beams. In its front part, a forged steel front axle was attached by means of 2 longitudinal semi-elliptical springs. At the ends, steering knuckles with trunnions were attached, to which the wheel hubs were attached using tapered roller bearings. The front suspension also included telescopic hydraulic shock absorbers.

At the rear, the frame rested on the drive axle beam by means of 2 longitudinal semi-elliptical springs mounted on rubber pads. The rear suspension received additional springs-suspension, fixed together with the main springs on the platforms of the semi-axle sleeves. Also in the rear was a towing device, supplemented by a rubber element. On the left side of the frame, a spare wheel was attached to the bracket.

The advantage of the car was its high durability during long-term operation in extreme conditions. The sturdy undercarriage with a tremendous service life could serve for many years. The quality of the metal of the GAZ 53 modifications produced in the 1980s is the best in history. In the latest versions, the metal was worse and corroded more. Under intensive use, the chassis and the truck body served for 12-15 years.

The transmission was a 3-way, 4-speed constant mesh gearbox at 2 and 3 speeds. The inclusion of 2nd gear was carried out by the clutch, 3rd and 4th - by the synchronizer. The rear drive axle included a differential, final drive and axle shafts mounted in a cast iron crankcase. The main gear received a hypoid engagement, making the ride smoother. The drive axle shafts were completely unloaded. The GAZ 53 was equipped with a dry single-disc clutch with a mechanical drive from the pedal in the floor and springs located peripherally. The cardan transmission was of an open type with cardan shafts with needle bearings. The clutch was considered a weak point in the truck and regularly failed.

The steering gear consisted of a pair of globoid worm and a three-ridge roller, turning on needle bearings. The steering gear case was attached to the left frame beam with bolts and nuts. Grease nipples were used to lubricate the articulated joints.

In the GAZ 53 model, drum brakes were used on the front and rear wheels. The brakes were driven by a hydraulic foot brake with a hydraulic vacuum booster. The hand brake was of a drum type and was installed on the gearbox driven shaft. The braking system had a short service life and was usually replaced first.

The truck used a 6-volt single-wire wiring system with a negative ground connection. The base models used a 6-ST-68-EM battery and a G130-G generator.

GAZ 53 was equipped with a comfortable closed-type cab with 2 seats and a convenient arrangement of indicators and controls. Powerful light and good visibility made driving easier. Compared to modern models, the cab of the truck looked like a "dinosaur", but for that period it looked very decent. Unlike its predecessor, the GAZ 53 salon has become much larger and more comfortable. A common faux leather sofa seat could even accommodate 3 people. The enlarged interior made it possible to install additional noise insulation, insulation or decorations. The controls were located immediately in front of the driver. In the salon there were special places for tools, papers and other things. Instead of an ammeter and an oil pressure indicator, warning lamps appeared on the instrument panel. Also, a clock was installed in the salon.

The car was equipped with a large all-metal body platform. A special mechanism made it possible to perform mechanical unloading on one side (for tipper version). In this case, the towing and hitching devices were moved to the side of the frame.

According to its characteristics, GAZ 53 is significantly inferior to modern counterparts. However, the simplicity of design, low cost and the ability to withstand heavy loads make its use economically viable, because some versions of the car continue to be used today.

Price of new and used GAZ 53

The production of GAZ 53 ended quite a long time ago - almost 20 years ago. However, on the roads of Russia, the CIS countries and on the used car market, this model is still found. The cost of a truck is determined by the technical condition and modification. The average price tag ranges from 35,000 to 170,000 rubles. Versions in good condition will cost 200,000-230000 rubles. At the same time, there will be no difficulties with spare parts for the car, since there are a lot of them in the secondary market.

The Soviet car GAZ 53 dump truck began to be produced back in 1961. Its production continued after the collapse of the USSR until 1997. Serial production began at the Gorky Automobile Plant. At the time of release, it was the third generation of medium-duty trucks. At the time of the release of the series, there were several modifications and improvements, as well as specialized models appeared. In total, more than 4 million copies of the truck were produced in various modifications. Many of them work to this day.

In recent periods, it also retains its relevance, but more modern models had better characteristics. Currently, it is used in many places of application, as it has good driving characteristics and the cost of maintenance is relatively low. Even so many years after the official end of serial production, it is still too early to talk about the complete decommissioning of the machines.

Scope and purpose

The size of the body of the GAZ 53 dump truck allows transporting rather large volumes of cargo. Its main field of application is construction. Bulk materials are perfectly placed in the body, which can be protected with a tarpaulin as a canopy from rain and other weather conditions. Among the modifications, there were also cars with engine preheating. They were developed for military use, but now they can be found in other areas as well.

Its driving characteristics make it very useful for transportation within the city, as well as for relatively short distances in the region. It can also be used for long distance transportation, but due to capacity limitations, this is not always beneficial. It is mainly used as a local transport.

Scope of the dump truck GAZ 53

At the moment, the GAZ 53 dump truck can be used to transport many things. These are not only building bulk materials, although the very principle of a dump truck is designed in most cases for them. At agricultural enterprises, they can also be used for the transport of bulk substances. Sometimes they are loaded with packaged products. In addition to the main place of application, there are many others, since more and more machines are used by private individuals working in the service sector. This allows the vehicle to be adapted to almost any required conditions.

Benefits

At the time of its appearance, the dump truck was one of the best in its field, as it had a number of advantages. Over time, he lost some of them in comparison with competitors, but many have survived to this day:

For medium-duty dump trucks, the model has a fairly good capacity;
The machine has good off-road and construction sites;
High level of maneuverability for dump trucks of this kind;
Possibility of self-unloading of bulk materials, which speeds up work;
Unpretentious maintenance;
The dump truck normally tolerates refueling of not the highest quality fuel;
Relatively low cost of both the car itself and spare parts for it;
Spare parts availability.

disadvantages

Even despite the recent modifications, the car may be inferior to more modern models of both domestic and foreign markets. Among the main disadvantages:

Low level of comfort for the driver during transportation;
Makes a lot of noise while driving;
There is practically no sound insulation in the cab, so you can hear not only the sounds of a running engine, but also the wind from the street;
Also, there is no normal thermal insulation, therefore, it is difficult to move around in winter.

Specifications

The characteristics of the machine largely determine the scope of the dump truck. Although there were many modifications throughout the production period, the main technical characteristics of the model remained almost the same.

Machine type	Dump truck
Wheel formula	4 x 2
Dump truck weight, kg	7400
1810
5590
Maximum lifting capacity, kg	4000
Weight of the equipped dump truck, kg	3250
Maximum speed (km / h)	80
Motor	ZMZ-53-18
Motor power (hp)	120
Suspension type	spring
Cabin	metal
Fuel tank capacity, l	190 main gas cylinder and 60 additional
Ecological type	Euro 0

Device

Engine. The car included only two types of gasoline engines. But after a new modification was released in 1967, the transport was equipped with an 8-cylinder ICE with a volume of 4.25 liters.

Cabin. The cabin was made all-metal. The roomy cabin was two people. It has no sleeping space or storage space. The cockpit has two doors. The seats are not divided into places, so there is just one common chair with a wide back.

Chassis and body. The chassis is made according to the frame type. The chassis mounts directly to the chassis. The body can be of several types. Among the most popular are:

Tank;
Dump truck;
Van;
Onboard;
Special purpose body.

Fuel consumption

The standard fuel tank in the models is 90 liters. Fuel consumption for GAZ 53 is determined based on the factory characteristics. According to them, at a car speed of 40 km / h per 100 km of the road, it will need 24 liters of fuel. But in real operating conditions, such conditions are practically unattainable. Factory conditions were most likely taken into account without load or on a perfectly flat road. On average, fuel consumption per 100 km is 27-32 liters, which increases under load, wet weather and other negative conditions.

Manufacturer

The truck is manufactured by the Gorky Automobile Plant. The company has existed since 1932. The plant is located in Nizhny Novgorod. GAZ still exists today, but its range of products has changed significantly.

Conclusion

For modern working conditions, if you do not take long and responsible trips, the car is well suited even with outdated parameters. When used in the construction industry, where a dump truck is exposed to heavy loads, ease of maintenance becomes one of the most important parameters, since repairs are inexpensive and easy and fast enough. There is no need to look for original components supplied from abroad. This is a perfectly acceptable dump truck for your budget.