What is the prospect of steam machines. Modern variant of the steam engine

I live only on corner and water and still possess enough energy to accelerate up to 100 miles per hour! This is exactly what the steam locomotive can do. Although these gigantic mechanical dinosaurs are currently extinct for most of the world railwaysThe steam technologies live in the hearts of people, and locomotives like this still serve as tourist attractions on many historical railways.

The first modern steam vehicles were invented in England at the beginning of the 18th century and marked the beginning of the industrial revolution.

Today we come back to the energity of the steam. Due to the design features in the process of combustion of fuel, the steam engine gives less contaminants than the engine internal combustion. In this publication on the video, see how it works.

Construction and mechanism of steam machine action

What fastened an old steam engine?

Energy is required to do absolutely everything that you can think about: to ride a skateboard, fly by plane, go to shops or drive a car on the street. Most of the energy we use for transportation today comes from oil, but it was not always the case. Prior to the beginning of the 20th century, coal was a favorite fuel in the world, and he led everything: from trains and ships to ill-fated steam aircraft, invented by American scientists Samuel P. Langley, an early competitor of Wright brothers. What is so special in the corner? Inside the land there is a lot, so it was relatively inexpensive and widely available.

Coal is an organic chemical, which means that it is based on carbon element. Coal is formed for millions of years, when the remains of dead plants are buried under the stones, compress under pressure and boil under the influence of the inner heat of the Earth. That is why it is called fossil fuel. Komki coal is really a lump of energy. Carbon inside them is associated with hydrogen and oxygen atoms with compounds called chemical bonds. When we burn coal on fire, communication disintegrates, and the energy is highlighted in the form of heat.

Coal contains about half the energy per kilogram than the cleaner fossil fuel, such as gasoline, diesel fuel And Kerosene - and this is one of the reasons why steam engines should burn so much.

I came across an interesting article on the Internet.

"American inventor Robert Green has developed a completely new technology generating kinetic energy by converting residual energy (as well as other types of fuel). Green steam engines are enhanced by the piston and are designed for a wide range of practical purposes."
So, no less: absolutely new technology. Well, naturally began to look, I tried to penetrate. Everywhere is written one of the most unique advantages of this engine is the ability to generate energy from the residual energy of the engines. More precisely, the residual exhaust energy of the engine can be converted for energy that goes to pumps and coolant systems of the unit. Well, that of this, as I understood the exhaust gases to bring water to a boil and then convert steam into motion. As far as it is necessary and small, because at least this engine, as they write, and specifically designed from the minimum number of parts, but still it is how much it costs and there is a sense of the garden to wear, the more fundamentally new in this invention I do not see . And the mechanisms for the transformation of reciprocating movement into the rotational already invented a lot. On the site of the author, a two-liter model sells, in principle not expensive
only 46 dollars.
On the author's website there is a video using solar energy, there is also a photo where some kind of boat uses this engine.
But in both cases it is clearly not residual heat. In short, I doubt the reliability of such an engine: "The ball supports are simultaneously hollow channels for which steam is served in the cylinders." What is your opinion, dear users of the site?
Articles in Russian

Steam engine

Production complexity: ★★★★ ☆

Making time: One day

Screw materials: ████████░░ 80%

In this article, I will tell you how to make a steam engine with your own hands. The engine will be a small one-piece with a spool. Power is enough to rotate a small generator rotor and use this engine as an autonomous source of electricity in hikes.

Telescopic antenna (can be removed from an old television or radio), the diameter of the thick tube must be at least 8 mm
Little tube for piston pair (plumbing store).
Copper wire with a diameter of about 1.5 mm (can be found in a transformer coil or radio market).
Bolts, Nuts, Screws
Lead (in a fishing store or find in old car battery). He is needed to cast a flywheel in shape. I found a ready flywheel, but this item can be useful to you.
Wooden bars.
Cycling knitting needles
Stand (in my case of a textolite sheet of 5 mm thick, but fit and plywood).
Wooden bars (pieces of boards)
Olive bank
A tube

Superchalters, cold welding, epoxy resin (building ground).
Emery
Drill
Soldering iron
Hacksaw

How to make a steam engine

Engine scheme

Cylinder and shower tube.

Cut from antenna 3 pieces:
? The first piece is 38 mm long and 8 mm with a diameter (cylinder itself).
? The second piece of 30 mm long and 4 mm diameter.
? Third 6 mm long and 4 mm diameter.

Take the tube number 2 and make a hole in it with a diameter of 4 mm in the middle. Take the tube number 3 and glue perpendicular to the tube # 2, after drying the superclay, we smear everything with cold welding (for example Poxipol).

Crepim's round iron washer with a hole in the middle to a piece of number 3 (diameter - a little more tube No. 1), after drying, we strengthen with cold welding.

Additionally cover all seams with epoxy resin for better tightness.

How to make a piston with connecting rod

We take a bolt (1) with a diameter of 7 mm and clamp it in the vice. We begin to wind up the copper wire (2) about 6 turns. Each round is missing superclosure. The extra ends of the bolt spill.

Wire coated with epoxy. After drying, we caught the piston with a skin with a cylinder so that he moves freely there, not passing the air.

From the aluminum sheet, we make a strip of 4 mm long and a length of 19 mm. Draw it the letter P (3).

Drills at both ends of the opening (4) 2 mm with a diameter so that you can shove a piece of the knitting needles. The parties of the P-shaped part must be 7x5x7 mm. Glue it to the piston side, which is 5 mm.

Schitun (5) We make bike knitting needles. To both ends, the knitting needles are glued into two small pieces of tubes (6) from an antenna with a diameter and 3 mm long. The distance between the custodian centers is 50 mm. Next, the rod is inserted in one end to the P-shaped part and hinged the needle.

A knitting needle from two ends to do not fall out.

Tent triangle

Triangle connecting rod is made in a similar way, only on the one hand there will be a piece of needles, and on the other hand. Shutter length 75 mm.

Triangle and Spool

Steam boiler

A steam boiler will serve as a bank from under olives with a sealed lid. I also hit the nut so that it was possible to pour water through it and tightly tighten the bolt. Also soldered the handset to the lid.
Here is a photo:

Photo of the engine assembly

We collect the engine on a wooden platform by placing each element on the backup

Video operation of the steam engine
Version 2.0.

Cosmetic engine refinement. The tank now has its own wooden platform and saucer for a dry fuel tablet. All details are painted in beautiful colors. By the way, as a source of heat is best used homemade

The reason for the construction of this unit was a stupid idea: "But is it possible to build a steam engine without machines and tools, using only parts that can be bought in the store" and do everything with your own hands. As a result, such a design appeared. All assembly and customization took less than an hour. Although the design and selection of parts took half a year.

Most of the design consists of plumbing fittings. Under the end of the epic, issues of sellers of economic and other stores: "I can help you" and "And for what you", really infant.

And so collect the foundation. First, the main transverse element. Here are tees, boats, corners per floor. All elements I fucked with the help of sealant. This in order to be easier to connect and disconnect them with their hands. But for the finish assembly it is better to use a plumbing ribbon.

Then longitudinal elements. They will be attached to the steam boiler, a spool, steam cylinder and flywheel. Here all the elements are also 1/2. "

Then make racks. In the photo, from Lev to the right: a rack for a steam boiler, then a rack for a steam-distributor mechanism, then a wave for the flywheel, and finally the holder for the steam cylinder. The flywheel holder is made of a tee on 3/4 "(external thread). Bearings are perfectly suitable for roller skates. Bearings are held with a tie nut. Such nuts can be found separately or take from a tee for metal-plastic pipes. This tee in the photo in Nizhny The right corner (in the design is not used). The ahead of 3/4 is also used as a steam cylinder holder, only the thread is all internal. Adapters are used for fastening elements 3/4 "to 1/2".

We collect a boiler. For the boiler, a pipe is used for 1 ". I found used in the market. Rating in front, I want to say that the boiler turned out to be fine and does not give enough steam. With such a boiler, the engine works too sluggish. But it works. Three parts from the right it is: Plug, adapter 1 "-1/2" and Sign. Sgon is inserted into the adapter and closes with a plug. Thus, the boiler becomes hermetic.

So the boiler turned out initially.

But the height was not sufficient height. Water fell into steps. I had to put an additional barrel on 1/2 "through an adapter.

This is a burner. Four posts previously was the material "homemade oil lamp From the pipes. "Initially, the burner was conceived precisely that. But there was no suitable fuel. The oil for lamps and kerosene is very smoking. You need alcohol. So while I have just made a dry fuel holder.

This is a very important item. Steam distributor or spool. This thing directs steam into a working cylinder at a working course. With the back of the piston, the pair feed overlaps and discharges. The spool is made of crossbars for metal-plastic pipes. One of the ends should be seal with an epoxy male. With this end, it will be attached to the rack through the adapter.

And now the most important item. From her will depend on the engine or not. This is a working piston and an spool valve. It uses the pylon M4 (sold in the furniture fittings, it is easier to find one long and sprinkle the desired length), metal washers and felt washers. Felt washers are used for fastening glass and mirrors with other fittings.

Felt is not very best Material. It gives no sufficient tightness, and the resistance go is essential. Subsequently, it was possible to get rid of felt. For this, not quite standard washers came perfect: M4X15 - for piston and m4x8 - for the valve. These washers need to be maximally densely, through the plumbing tape, put on the heel and the same ribbon to wind 2-3 layers. Then carefully launch with water in the cylinder and the spool. I did not make a photo of the upgraded piston. Laziness to disassemble.

This is actually a cylinder. It is made of 1/2 barrel. "Two tie nuts it is attached inside the tee 3/4". With one of the sides, with the maximum seal, the fitting is fixed tightly.

Now the flywheel. The flywheel is made from pancake for dumbbells. A stack of washers are inserted into the central hole, and a small cylinder is placed in the center of the washer for roller skates. Everything is attached to sealant. For the holder drove perfectly cooked hanger for furniture and paintings. Looks like a keyhole. Everything is going in that sequence that in the photo. Screw and nut - M8.

Flywesters in our design - two. Between them should be a tough connection. This connection is provided by a scribical nut. All threaded connections are fixed with nail polish.

These two flywheels seem the same, but one will be connected to the piston, and the other with the valve of the spool. Accordingly, drove, in the form of a screw M3, attached at different distances from the center. For the piston, the drizzle is located further from the center, for the valve - closer to the center.

Now we make the valve and piston drive. For the valve, the connective plate for furniture was perfect.

For the piston, a window lock is used as a lever. It came like a native. The eternal glory to those who invented the metric system.

Drives assembled.

Everything is installed on the engine. Threaded connections Push into varnish. This is a piston drive.

Valve drive. Please note the positions of the piston and the valve differ at 90 degrees. Depending on which side, the valve drove is ahead of the piston leader, it will depend on what direction the flywheel will rotate.

Now it remains to connect the tubes. These are silicone hoses for aquarium. All hoses must be secured with wire or clamps.

It should be noted that the safety valve does not provide here. Therefore, maximum caution should be observed.

Voila. Pour water. Gilt. We wait when water boils. During heating, the valve must be in the closed position.

The whole assembly process and the result on video.

Often, when mentioning "steam engines", steam locomotives or cars Stanley Stimer come to mind, but the use of these mechanisms is not limited to transportation. Steam engines that were first created in a primitive form of about two millennia ago, over the past three centuries have become the largest power sources, and today steam turbines produce about 80 percent of world electricity. To deeper the nature of the physical forces, on the basis of which such a mechanism works, we recommend that you make your own steam engine from ordinary materials using one of the ways offered here! For starters, go to step 1.

Steps

Steam engine from tin can (for children)

Cut the lower part of the aluminum jar to a distance of 6.35 cm. With the help of scissors for metal, smoothly cut off the lower part of the aluminum can about a third of the height.

Generate and press the rim using pliers. So that there are no sharp edges, bend the rim banks inside. Performing this action, make sure not to hurt.

Put on the bottom of the banks from the inside to make it flat. In most aluminum cans from under beverages, the base will be round and curved inside. Align the bottom, putting a finger on it or taking advantage of a small glass with a flat bottom.

Perform two holes in opposite sides of the can, retreating 1.3 cm from the top. To perform holes, it is suitable for paper holes and a nail with a hammer. You will need holes with a diameter of just over three millimeters.

Place the center of the can of a small heating candle. Combate the foil and put it under the bottom and around the candle so that it does not move. Such candles usually go in special supports, so the wax should not melt and flow into the aluminum can.

Victory central part The copper tube is 15-20 cm long around the pencil on 2 or 3 turns to get a serpent. A tube with a diameter of 3 mm should be easily bent around a pencil. You will need a sufficient amount of curved tube to stretch across the jar through the top, plus additional straight 5 cm with each of the sides.

Grind the ends of the tubes into the holes in the bank. The center of the serpentine must settle over the wick of the candle. It is desirable that the straight parts of the tube on both sides of the banks were the same length.

Bend the ends of the pipes with the help of pliers to get a straight angle. Bend direct portions of the tube in such a way that they looked at the opposite directions from different sides. Then again Bend them to fall below the base of the bank. When everything is ready, the following should be: the serpentine part of the tube is located in the center of the cans above the candle and goes into two inclined, looking in opposite sides of the "nozzle" from two sides of the can.

Lower the jar into a bowl of water, while the ends of the tube must be immersed. Your "boat" must be reliably held on the surface. If the ends of the tube are not sufficiently immersed in the water, try to lose the jar slightly, but in no case are not drowning it.

Fill the tube with water. Most. simple way It will lower one end into the water and pull from the other end both through the straw. You can also block one outlet from the tube with a finger, and the second to substitute under the jet of water from the tap.

Light a candle. After time, water in the tube will warm and boil. As it turns into pairs, it will go through the "nozzles", with the result that the entire bank will begin to rotate in the bowl.

Steam engine from paint jars (adults)

Rent a rectangular hole near the base of the four-grade can be made of paint. Make a horizontal rectangular hole with a size of 15 x 5 cm on the side of the jar near the base.

It is necessary to make sure that in this bank (and in another used) there was only latex paint, and also thoroughly wash it with soapy water before use.

Cut the strip of the metal mesh 12 x 24 cm. In length from each edge, remove 6 cm at an angle of 90 o. You get a square "platform" 12 x 12 cm with two "legs" 6 cm. Install it in the "legs" down, aligning it along the edges of the cutting hole.

Make a semicircle from the holes around the perimeter of the lid. Subsequently, you will burn coal in the bank to provide a steam engine with warmth. With a lack of oxygen, coal will burn badly. In order for the bank to be the necessary ventilation, drill or run a few holes in the lid, which form a semicircle along the edges.
- Ideally, the diameter of the ventilation holes should be about 1 cm.
Make a coil from the copper tube. Take about 6 m tubes made of soft copper with a diameter of 6 mm and measure from one end 30 cm. Starting from this point, perform five turns with a diameter of 12 cm. The remaining pipe length bent into 15 turns with a diameter of 8 cm. You must stay about 20 cm. .

Skip the ends of the coil into the ventilation holes in the lid. Bend both ends of the coil in such a way that they are directed up and skip both one of the holes in the lid. If the pipes are not enough, it will be necessary to break one of the turns.

Place the serpentine and charcoal in the jar. Place the serpentine on the reticuated platform. Fill the space around and inside the coal coal coal. Close the lid tightly.

Drill holes for the tube in a smaller bank. In the center of the lithon bank cover, drill a hole with a diameter of 1 cm. Side of the banks Drill two holes with a diameter of 1 cm - one near the base of the can, and the second above it is near the cover.

Insert the locked plastic tube into the side openings of a smaller can. Using the ends of the copper tube, do the holes in the center of two stoppers. In one plug insert a rigid plastic tube with a length of 25 cm, and in another plug - the same tube length is 10 cm. They should sit tightly in traffic jams and look out a little. Insert a plug with a longer tube to the lower hole of a smaller can, and the tube with a shorter tube into the upper hole. Secure the tube in each plug using clamps.

Connect the tube of a larger jar with a little jar tube. Place a smaller bank over more, while the tube with a plug should be directed in the opposite direction from the ventilation holes of the larger jar. Using a metal tape, fasten the tube from the bottom tube with a tube coming from the bottom of the copper coil. Then, in the same way, secure the tube from the upper tube with a tube coming out of the top of the coil.

Insert the copper tube into the connecting box. With the help of a hammer and screwdriver, remove the central part of the round metal electric distribution box. Fix the clamp under the electrical cable with a locking ring. Insert the 15 cm of the copper tube with a diameter of 1.3 cm into the cable clamp so that the tube goes to several centimeters below the hole in the box. Fill the edge of this end inside the hammer. Insert this end of the tube into the hole in the lid of the smaller can.

Insert a skeleton in a dowel. Take a conventional wooden barbecue skeletal and insert it into one end of a hollow wooden dowel with a length of 1.5 cm and a diameter of 0.95 cm. Insert a dowel with a spiner into the copper tube inside the metal junction box so that the sinking is pointing up.
- During our engine, the sinking and dowel will act like "piston". To make the movement of the piston, it is better to be visible, you can attach a small paper "checkbox" to it.
Prepare the engine to work. Remove the connecting box with a smaller upper bank and fill in the top can with water, allowing it to be poured into a copper coil, until the bank is filled with water by 2/3. Check out the absence of leaks in all places of compounds. Firmly secure the cap covers, standing in with the hammer. Reinstall the connective box to place above the smaller upper jar.
Run the engine! Combate the pieces of the newspaper and put them into the space under the grid at the bottom of the engine. When charcoal turns around, let him fire around 20-30 minutes. As water heats up in the coil in the upper bank, steam will begin to accumulate. When steam reaches sufficient pressure, it will poucher a dowel and a skeleton to the top. After discharge pressure, the piston drops down under the action of gravity. If necessary, cut a piece of ships to reduce the weight of the piston - than it is easier, the more often it will be "pop up." Try to make a skeleton of this weight so that the piston "went" in a constant pace.
- You can speed up the combustion process, amplifying the air flow into the ventilation holes with a hairdryer.
Observe security. We believe, of course, be careful when working and handling a homemade steam engine. Never launch it indoors. Never launch it near such flammable materials like dry leaves or hanging tree branches. Use the engine only on a durable non-combustible surface like concrete. If you work with children or adolescents, they should not be unattended. Children and adolescents are prohibited to approach the engine when charcoal is lit in it. If you do not know the engine temperature, then consider it so hot that it is impossible to touch it.
- Make sure the steam can leave the top "boiler". If for any reason the piston is stuck, then the pressure can be accumulated inside the smaller jar. With the worst collapse of the bank may explode that very dangerously.

Place the steam engine in the plastic boat, lowering both ends into the water so that the steam toy is. You can cut a boat a simple form from plastic bottle From under the soda or bleach so that your toy is more "eco-friendly".