Diesel fuel is the second most popular petroleum product after gasoline. And this is not surprising, because in our country the number diesel cars growing every year. But most drivers know almost nothing about diesel fuel. Naturally, every car owner knows how summer diesel fuel differs from winter diesel fuel or where you can buy a high-quality petroleum product. But the rest of the information, as a rule, remains hidden from the eyes of consumers. To find interesting information, you have to "shovel" more than one site.
We decided to correct this shortcoming and create a section where the most useful and relevant data on diesel fuel will be published. Here you will learn about the main features and characteristics of the fuel. You can use this information to your advantage. After all, our main task is to make information accessible. You will not need to browse many sites to get a small piece of information. We will give you the opportunity to have the full amount of information. The composition of the fuel, its area of \u200b\u200bapplication, interaction with additives - all this will be published in the section "All about diesel fuel". As far as possible, we will update it with new articles. If new information appears, you will be the first to know about it.
In our section, for example, you will learn how to distinguish premium diesel fuel from low-quality petroleum products, or whether store-bought additives will spoil factory diesel fuel. In addition, we will inform you about the most latest developments in the field of diesel fuel production. You can also learn about little-known facts from the history of diesel fuel.
Diesel fuel (diesel fuel, diesel fuel) is a refined product used as fuel in an engine internal combustion... It is a viscous yellow liquid. The use of diesel fuel began in the middle of the nineteenth century. But at that time, its consistency was somewhat different from the modern product. Diesel fuel was a heavier fraction and had a rich yellowish brown color. Today in the process of processing ...
Often, winter takes car owners by surprise. It's frosty outside, and diesel fuel at the gas station is only summertime. However, there is no alternative. But you need to go to work or on business almost every day. The question arises: how to get out of the situation? First of all, every car owner, of course, thinks about additives. They are designed to lower the fuel thickening temperature. Today …
It is difficult to find a driver with disdain for own car... In most cases, the transport is maintained by the owners in excellent condition. That is, it regularly undergoes preventive maintenance and is checked for breakdowns. But if the car owner has enough wisdom, then he pays increased attention not only appearance vehicle. Perfect job internal systems - this is its main task. ...
Before determining the differences between winter and summer diesel fuel, you need to understand what, in fact, is included in its composition. The answer to this question is various hydrocarbons: aromatic, paraffinic, naphthenic. Their percentage varies depending on the conditions in which the fuel is used and determines its quality. For example, paraffins have a beneficial effect on speed ...
About what is octane number gasoline, almost every driver knows. Even a person who is very far from the world of motorists is sure that the higher this indicator, the better the fuel will be. But a specialist with experience will tell you that it only means the permissible compression ratio of an internal combustion engine capable of running smoothly on a certain brand of gasoline. The processes taking place in the engine are very ...
Many car owners are faced with a situation where the engine is completely serviceable, but it is not possible to achieve quick start-up and maximum efficiency from it. This may indicate that the quality of diesel fuel does not meet the standards. The use of such a fuel not only complicates iCE operationbut also become unusable internal details car. Deviation of each of the parameters causes certain ...
The gasoline engine, despite its high popularity among motorists, is rather inefficient in terms of fuel processing. Its efficiency does not exceed thirty percent, while the diesel engine is capable of converting 10-20% more fuel into useful energy. Some units have proven themselves to be true transportation titans. For example, the efficiency of MAN B&W S80ME-C7 exceeds the mark in ...
The question of the safety of diesel fuel has been repeatedly discussed at the forums of motorists. After all, often the drivers have several cans of fuel, and no one knows for sure whether it can be used after the expiration date. This problem is also relevant because information about the shelf life of diesel fuel is rather contradictory. The official norms adopted in the Russian Federation do not always coincide with those that ...
Increased requirements for diesel fuel have led to the fact that only those suppliers who can offer quality goods will be competitive. And for this, the fuel must contain a multifunctional additive package. They improve the quality of the fuel, giving it a variety of properties. Mainly depressant-dispersant and anti-wear. What types of additives exist today? Each type of additive has its own function. For instance, …
The term "diesel fuel" is used almost everywhere in everyday life. And even in the official literature you can see this word. Therefore, the majority of drivers mean diesel fuel by the term "diesel fuel". The ingrained tradition allows them not to think about whether these concepts are identical. We have long been accustomed to identifying terms. But is it really "diesel fuel" and "diesel fuel" - ...
If you use diesel fuel as fuel for refueling a car or heating a house, you will probably need a container to store it. This issue is especially relevant with large reserves of petroleum products. After all, every car enthusiast knows that with improper storage, diesel fuel quickly loses its properties. And if you need to provide yourself with a supply of diesel fuel for heating a house, then you have to ...
Diesel fuel ranks third after oil and gas in Russian exports. Several million tons of this fuel are consumed in the world every year. Diesel fuel is especially popular with Western European buyers. There is nothing strange about such a priority position. Indeed, with constant care and refueling with high-quality fuel, a diesel engine is capable of operating half a million kilometers without overhaul. Analyze the costs and make sure of the profitability ...
You can often hear disputes about the purpose and quality of diesel fuel of an unusual color. Some talk about his extraordinary technical parameters, others - only about protective properties... And no one can give an exact answer - why is diesel fuel actually dyed: to protect against theft or to improve quality? The analysis of the fuel market will help to understand this ...
Europeans are incredibly scrupulous about the quality of diesel fuel sold and pay much more attention to it than russian manufacturers... It is not surprising that foreign suppliers are very reluctant to bring diesel-powered equipment to Russia. After all, our diesel fuel has an extremely destructive effect on it. AND warranty repair the manufacturer will have to do it. What makes domestic fuel so different from European? ...
Diesel fuel does not belong to the most whimsical oil products, nevertheless it requires certain storage conditions. High temperatures and unsuitable containers can adversely affect the performance of diesel fuel. And then you have to pour it out. Failure to comply with storage standards can lead to the fact that diesel fuel will quickly lose quality. The fuel will begin to oxidize, change color and eventually come ...
For cars, the quality of fuel is as important as proper nutrition for people. When using counterfeit fuel, vehicles quickly deteriorate. But the owner's task is the perfect safety of the car and its maintenance in normal working order. Counterfeiting of diesel fuel is not uncommon in Russia. During the economic downturn, this business becomes fantastically profitable. IN …
When planning to buy a car, each potential owner thinks about which unit is more profitable: gasoline or diesel? No specialist can answer this question. After all, both options must be considered in terms of the combination of advantages and disadvantages. And they have both "diesels" and gasoline installations. Consider the main parameters of the units, and then it will become clear which car to give preference to. ...
According to Technical regulations, all petroleum products, including diesel fuel, are subject to mandatory certification. That is, they must have confirmation of compliance with quality. Each type of fuel is tested in special laboratories, after which it is issued normative document... It would seem that everything should be so. But the fact is that the Russian fuel certification system has a lot of defects. She demands immediate ...
Often on Gas station cars filled with diesel fuel made from gas condensate. Such fuel raises many questions. Many car owners doubt its quality. They are sure that the gas condensate product does not benefit the machine and even causes significant harm to it. Is it really? Diesel fuel produced in accordance with the standards from gas condensate is no different from ...
There is an opinion that the low quality of diesel fuel at filling stations is explained by elementary fraud of the station workers. That is, they are trying to "screw up" a mixture of various ingredients and sell it under the guise of good diesel fuel. Is it really? Today, products of various trade brands are supplied to gas stations and oil depots. For example, Rosneft, NK LUKOIL, NK BP. The quality of diesel fuel produced by these ...
Diesel fuel is inferior in popularity to gasoline, but continues to be used in engines of the most different types... At the same time, it has many undeniable advantages over other types of fuel. There are certain features of a diesel engine. This primarily concerns the classification.
Previously, diesel fuel was more often used to refuel tractor engines, as well as similar equipment. The reason for this is the lower fuel consumption per motto-hour, and the power loss compared to gasoline engines is insignificant. Another reason for the prevalence diesel engines - environmental and fire safety. Since explosions, fires gas equipment occur an order of magnitude more often.
Diesel fuel is a product of the petroleum industry. Its appearance was a consequence of the emergence of the need for engines that are as efficient as possible and, at the same time, quite powerful. Rudolph Diesel, whose name is called given view fuel is not a pioneer. The diesel engine was developed back in 1860. But for a number of reasons, its use did not make economic sense.
At the same time, at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, Germany urgently needed motors that run on cheaper fuel, an alternative to gasoline and lamp gas. The solution was the invention of Rudolf Diesel, who modified a design previously developed by another scientist. Originally a diesel generator, which became the prototype of the modern diesel engine, had only 2 cylinders. Later, 2 more were added.
There are several alternative names for diesel fuel. One of these is diesel fuel. This word comes from the German Solarol - solar oil. Previously, this is exactly what was called the weighted fraction of oil obtained as a result of refining. It is she who is the first option for this type of fuel. Over the years, the standards set for a diesel engine have undergone major changes. Each country in the 20th century developed its own standards for the classification of diesel fuel.
For example, in the Soviet Union, GOST 1666-42 and GOST 1666-51 were in force for a long time. The official designation for diesel fuel was "diesel oil". It was used for refueling medium-speed engines - from 600 to 1000 rpm. "Diesel fuel" of that time could not be used in high-speed engines, its composition and properties are quite significantly different from modern diesel fuel.
Main settings
All diesel fuels can be divided into two main categories:
- for high-speed engines;
- for low-speed engines.
Distillate low-viscosity oil means filling in car engines. Fuel with a higher viscosity is usually poured into various slow-speed cars. These are tractors, slow-moving river vessels and much more.
It is important to make sure that fuel properties meet the required standards before pouring fuel into a specific vehicle. Otherwise, the combustion chamber will be damaged, the engine may simply fail. Which will lead to the need for its overhaul.
The process of obtaining the above types of fuel differs significantly. Distillate includes appropriately purified kerosene-type fractions. Direct distillation is used - this allows you to make fuel combustion as fast as possible. At the same time, high viscosity fuel includes a mixture of fuel oil and kerosene-gas oil fractions.
Depending on various factors, the calorific value of both types of fuel can vary. On average, this figure is approximately 42 624 kJ / kg. There is a common standard that all diesel fuels must meet today. It is designated as GOST 32511-2013. It became mandatory for use relatively recently - 01/01/15.
It is imperative that diesel fuel is sampled before being released for sale. When analyzing parameters, a list of some characteristics should be within the normal range. Otherwise, it will be simply unacceptable to release this type of fuel for sale. The highlights include:
- viscosity, fluid content;
- flammability;
- sulfur content.
Viscosity and water content
Based on this characteristic, two main types of fuel are established - winter and summer. The main parameter according to which the division into classes is carried out is the limiting filterability temperature, as well as the cloud point and pour point.
It is important to remember that it is necessary to choose a certain type of diesel fuel for filling in a certain season. It is not uncommon that the use of an inappropriate type of diesel fuel led to its solidification in the fuel line. As a result, it is impossible to operate the equipment in normal mode.
It is possible to use summer diesel fuel only at temperatures over -100C. Otherwise, there will be no freezing, but a higher viscosity. That leads to negative consequences - a problem in the operation of the engine or the inability to start it. In some vehicles special heating for fuel is used. This allows you to use any kind of diesel fuel, regardless of the season, ambient temperature.
Another serious problem is the presence of water in the fuel. Since water is significantly heavier than diesel fuel, it gradually begins to accumulate in the lower part of the fuel tank. As a result, a water lock may form in the fuel system of a car or other equipment. This prevents normal work engine. This is why basic standards have been set for the kinematic viscosity of diesel fuel. This indicator differs for summer / winter diesel fuel:
- for a summer view at a temperature of + 200C and more - more than 3cSt;
- for the winter look - more than 1.8 Cst;
- for a special variety (arctic) - more than 1.5 Cst.
This standard is established by GOST 305-82 of 1982. One of mandatory conditions compliance with this standard is complete absence water in fuel mixture... It is due to this that it can be used in the indicated operating conditions.
Flammability
One of the most important characteristics is the cetane number. This indicator means the possibility of diesel fuel ignite when certain conditions occur in the combustion chamber. The standard is defined by ASTM D613. For diesel fuel, the flash point is set at + 7000C, determined by ASTM D93. The distillation temperature for diesel fuel must again fit into certain standards - not less than 2000C and not more than 3500C.
The amount of sulfur in the composition
One of the most important characteristics on the basis of which fuel types are divided into Euro 1-5 standards is a certain amount of sulfur per unit volume. In this case, sulfur is understood as the presence of certain compounds of a given substance. The list of categories taken into account in determining the categories includes:
- mercaptan;
- thiophene;
- thiophane;
- disulfide;
- sulfide.
At the same time, elemental sulfur, indicated in the periodic table, as such, is not taken into account when defining standards. In accordance with the current state of the art standards in the State of California and Europe, the amount of sulfur compounds per unit volume should not exceed 0.001%. This is approximately 10 ppm.
Many automakers say that a decrease in the amount of sulfur compounds in diesel fuel leads to a decrease in its lubricating qualities. Which leads to faster engine wear. But this position is not unambiguous. At this point in time modern diesel fuel includes additional additives that lubricate the engine.
Diesel fuel classification in the USSR
In accordance with GOST 305-82, diesel fuel in the Soviet Union was divided into 3 main categories:
- summer;
- winter;
- arctic.
The summer term meant diesel fuel, the use of which was recommended at temperatures not lower than 00C. The flash point was set at n-0 or 2-40. Under the winter diesel fuel was meant, the use of which was allowed up to -20C. At the same time, no restrictions were imposed on the use of such winter diesel fuel in summer time of the year. In fact, it was universal.
Diesel fuel of the Arctic type is the most expensive in production, its use is allowed at temperatures up to -500C. Requirements to this type fuels are set as high as possible.
Diesel fuel classification by type
In the European Union since 1993 it has been used special system standards applied to diesel fuel. This standard is designated as EN-590. In accordance with this standard, the basic requirements for the amount of sulfur contained, as well as other characteristics of the fuel, are established. The very first standard was designated as Euro-1. At the moment, the Euro-5 standard is valid.
The standard of this type allows the classification of fuels by temperature and climatic zones of use. For instance, Class A-F implies use at temperatures from +5 to -200C. Separate criteria exist for temperatures below zero.
Within the territory of Russian Federation immediately from the Soviet classification standards they decided to switch to the European one. At the moment, GOST-R 52369-2005 is valid. According to its parameters, it corresponds to the characteristics established for EN-590.
The distribution is carried out depending on the amount of sulfur contained:
- type No. 1 - less than 350 mg / kg;
- type No. 2 - less than 50 mg / kg;
- type No. 3 - less than 10 mg / kg.
Diesel fuel classification by class
The division of this type of fuel into separate grades is also carried out depending on the use in a particular climate. The main criterion is the limiting filterability temperature. The division into varieties is carried out as follows:
- SORT A - at temperatures over + 50C;
- SORT B \u200b\u200b- at temperatures over 00C;
- SORT C - more than -50C;
- GRADE D - more than -100C and so on.
The standards are set as stringent as possible, since failure to comply with them leads to problems with the fuel system when the ambient air reaches a sufficiently low temperature.
Today, the breakdown by grade is as follows:
- Class 0 - use from -200C;
- Class 1 - from -260C;
- Class 2 - from -320C;
- Class 3 - from -380C;
- Class 4 - from -440C.
There is a special marking used on the territory of the Customs Union by countries such as Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan. Before starting to use such fuel, you should carefully read the climatic requirements in a particular region. Using the wrong one can lead to serious trouble. Up to engine failure in some cases. Similar situations also occur.
Outcome
On the territory of Moscow and the Moscow region, relatively recently, they switched to the Euro-5 fuel standard. It is for this reason that the quality of both diesel fuel and gasoline in this region is an order of magnitude higher than in the rest. Compliance with these fuel standards is established by federal law. That is why, without exception, all manufacturing companies (Lukoil, Bashneft and others) must comply with the established requirements.
Fuel control for compliance with standards is carried out at the state level. Moreover, there are a large number of the most different varieties, types of diesel fuel. If possible, you should familiarize yourself with this information in advance.
Diesel fuel is a rather old, but still demanded type of fuel for piston engines. And if earlier its scope was limited due to low quality and toxic combustion products, now more and more passenger cars are equipped with diesel engines, and scientists are working to increase performance characteristics and make diesel fuel environmentally friendly.
What is diesel fuel
Diesel fuel is a heavy oil fraction based on hydrocarbons with a high boiling point - 200-350 ° C. It is used as a fuel in diesel engines and gas diesel engines.
Why diesel? Because unlike gasoline engines, in which a mixture of gasoline and air is ignited by a spark, in a diesel piston engine the fuel ignites spontaneously under strong compression.
Externally, diesel fuel is a transparent liquid with a higher viscosity than gasoline, the color of which can be yellow or brown. different shades... The color is influenced by the resins in the fuel.
When burned, any fuel produces energy. Diesel fuel, in addition to this main task, performs several more important functions in the operation of the engine. It lubricates in fuel injectors and pumps rubbing surfaces, cools the walls of the combustion chamber and regulates the exhaust parameters on engines.
Sea and river vessels, diesel locomotives, military and trucks - almost all heavy vehicles are powered by diesel engines.
In recent decades, it has become popular in the developed countries of Europe a carwhich runs on diesel fuel. Fuel consumption is 40% lower in a diesel engine, while tractive effort, power, cross-country ability and safety exhaust gases more than gasoline.
It is an economical fuel in operation and cost. It is used in stationary diesel power generators and in boilers for autonomous heating systems.
Diesel oil, popularly called simply diesel fuel, is a residual diesel fuel with a high viscosity and boiling point up to 400 ° C. This type of fuel is used for low-speed engines on water and rail transport, tractors. In addition, leather is impregnated with solarium in the leather industry. Diesel oil is part of the cutting fluid for metal cutting and quenching fluid for heat treatment.
Main characteristics
Cetane number ( main parameter diesel fuel) characterizes the flammability of the fuel. It determines the period of the combustion delay of the working mixture, that is, the time that elapses between the injection of fuel into the cylinder and the beginning of its combustion. The shorter this period of time, the higher the cetane number and the shorter the engine warm-up time. True, this increases the smoke of the exhaust, which becomes critical at a cetane number above 55.
For the processes of pumping and injection of fuel, its viscosity is important, on which the lubricating characteristics also depend.
Its efficiency and economy depend on it, because the higher the density, the more energy is generated during combustion.
An important characteristic is the amount of sulfur that diesel fuel contains. These are sulfur compounds that reduce corrosion resistance fuel system.
The quality of diesel fuel is also indicated by the limiting filterability temperature, that is, the temperature at which the diesel fuel thickens so much that it no longer passes at all or very slowly passes through a filter with certain dimensions.
It is below the cloud point, that is, the temperature at which the wax in the fuel begins to crystallize.
Until 2015, diesel fuel in Russian standards was divided by type. In the state standard, which came into effect in January 2015, the division coincides with the division into environmental classes in accordance with the European standard and takes place depending on the sulfur content of the fuel. Sulfur content no more than 350, 50 and 10 mg / kg corresponds to type I, type II and type III according to the outdated and ecological classes K3, K4 and K5 according to the new state standard, respectively.
It is not recommended to use fuels with high sulfur content, as this increases harmful emissions into the atmosphere, corrosion and wear of the elements of the fuel system accelerates, respectively, the cost of frequent replacement filters and oils.
As a rule, an improvement in some properties leads to a deterioration in others. A decrease in sulfur content is a decrease in the lubricating properties of diesel fuel. Therefore, to maintain one of the main functions, various additives are added to the fuel.
Diesel fuel grades
Diesel fuels differ in temperature below which the fuel cannot be used. The limiting filterability temperature is used as a criterion. Moreover, summer and off-season diesel fuel with this indicator not lower than -20 ° C is broken down by grade.
Grade A is characterized by a temperature of at least 5 ° C above zero. For each next grade B, C, D, E and F, the indicator decreases by 5 ° C.
An example is diesel fuel EURO, grade C, type II and III or B new version ecological classes K4 and K5 with a filterability temperature of up to five degrees below zero and a sulfur content of no more than 50 and 10 milligrams per kilogram of fuel.
Diesel fuel classes
The division into classes of diesel fuel for winter or cold climates is not only based on the filterability temperature, the second characteristic is the cloud point.
In winter and arctic diesel fuel at low temperatures crystallization of paraffin begins, which degrades the characteristics.
Diesel fuel class | Limiting temperature of filterability, ° С | Cloud point, ° С |
|
If in the designation of diesel fuel after the designation of diesel fuel there is not a letter, but a number, it means that this fuel is winter or arctic.
Diesel fuel brands
According to the physicochemical and application conditions, diesel fuel is divided into four types, which are marked with capital letters of the alphabet:
Summer (L), which includes fuel grades A, B, C, D with a maximum filterability temperature from +5 to -10 ° C. This diesel fuel can be used at temperatures not lower than 0 ° C.
Off-season (E), grades E and F, with temperatures up to -15 and -20 ° C, respectively, is used in autumn, when the air temperature ranges from +5 to -5 ° C.
Winter (З), which is divided into classes from 0 to 3 and a filterability temperature in the range from -20 to -38 ° C and is used at an air temperature of at least minus 20 ° C.
Arctic (A) class 4 fuel with a maximum filterability temperature of minus 44 ° C and a temperature environment up to minus 50 ° С (in documents a negative value is often accompanied by the word "minus", and not by an icon to avoid inaccuracies).
Fuel marking
Diesel fuel grades include the name (DT), grade or class depending on the conditions of use and environmental class... That is, only two parameters are indicated in the brand: the sulfur content and the limiting temperature of filterability.
Today you can find designations both new and outdated, for example, diesel fuel winter EURO 5 grade F, which stands for winter diesel fuel with a sulfur content of no more than 50 mg / kg and a maximum filterability temperature of up to minus 20 ° C, that is, the most used in conditions Russian winter with high environmental friendliness fuel.
Until now, there is such a marking L-0.2-62, that is, summer fuel of the highest grade with an indication of the amount of sulfur (200 mg / kg) and a flash point of 62 ° C. Flash point is not the main indicator, but with other characteristics being equal, the best for fire safety a higher temperature fuel is considered.
How to store diesel fuel
For an ordinary consumer who has a personal car with a diesel engine, the issue of storing diesel fuel is not an issue.
But for where fuel is bought in bulk and stored for a long time, the storage problem is very relevant.
Storage of diesel fuel is possible at a temperature of 20 ° C throughout the year and at temperatures above 30 ° C for six months to a year in sealed containers protected from direct sunlight.
During storage, the fuel must not come into contact with copper, brass or zinc, so that the fuel does not become clogged with the products of chemical reactions with these metals. In addition, it must be protected from moisture and dust and must be free from additives that can degrade during storage. For example, in types of diesel fuel with high class environmentally friendly additives are added to increase lubricating properties, which decompose very quickly.
The efficiency of this fuel is high, the scope of its application is growing steadily. New brands of diesel fuel and new sources of its production appear. There are already new developments, and diesel fuel is produced not only from oil. Maybe the future belongs to diesel fuel made from vegetable oils.
The main problem when buying diesel fuel on the Russian market is that instead of high-quality diesel fuel, you can buy a surrogate: a mixture of diesel fuel and kerosene, heating or marine fuel, tractor diesel fuel. The best guarantee of diesel fuel quality is buying it from trusted suppliers. Our company is already 10 years old, during all the time of work we have not had a single client dissatisfied with the quality of fuel or delivery service. We work for you and value our reputation.
The properties and composition of the diesel fuel we offer correspond environmental standard EURO-5 and are regulated by GOST R 52368-2005. Before the introduction of this standard, the quality of Russian diesel fuel was ranked 44 in the world ranking among hundreds of countries.
Until 2005, the Russian Federation had the only state standard for diesel fuel - GOST 305-82, in accordance with which three grades of diesel fuel were produced: summer 0.2-62; winter 0.2-35; arctic with a pour point of minus 45C.
State obligations to reduce the environmental load from exhaust gases, as well as the need to comply with the requirements of European customers for export shipments, forced the development of new standard for diesel fuel. GOST R 52368-2005 duplicates all the requirements of European standards. According to it, diesel fuel is classified according to two parameters: VID and SORT.
SPE is a parameter of the sulfur content in diesel fuel:
GRADE (or CLASS) is a parameter of the temperature characteristic. The new GOST R 52368-2005 introduced the term “filterability temperature”. It indicates the temperature below which diesel fuel does not pass at the required rate (flow rate) through a standard (reference) filter.
For a temperate climatic zone, diesel fuel is divided into six grades:
For areas with a cold climate, diesel fuel is conventionally divided into five classes:
Since 2012, Russia has been allowed to produce diesel fuel with a sulfur content not exceeding 50 mg / kg. The Euro-4 sulfur concentration will be in effect until December 31, 2014. Then this norm will everywhere give way to the Euro-5 standard, which allows sulfur content in fuel in an amount of no more than 10 mg per 1 kg. This standard is similar to the standard for diesel fuel quality in force in Europe since 2009 - BS EN 590: 2009.
Diesel fuel Euro-5 is currently the best on the Russian market for a number of indicators. It is distinguished by a low concentration of sulfur compounds, a high (at least 51 units) cetane number, low density, low viscosity and other properties. When using this fuel, fuel combustion improves, starting is easier, corrosion of engine parts is prevented, filter operation is extended, the amount of deposits on the parts of the cylinder-piston group is reduced, and exhaust smoke is reduced. You only need to use it according to seasonal conditions.
Diesel fuel is used primarily in automotive diesel engines and is a bulky oil fraction. High-quality diesel fuel should provide elastic and soft operation of the engine, without unnecessary sounds and knocking. Its distinctive attribute is proportionality to the conditions of feeding the cylinders with special equipment. The fuel should not retain a noticeable amount of carbon deposits, contain water and foreign mechanical substances. It should contain as little organic acids as possible. Among other things, the fuel must have a fixed degree of viscosity and the lowest possible flash point and pour point.
All these parameters are outlined with a specific purpose. For example, the specified viscosity of the fuel ensures proper lubrication of the equipment. When the viscosity is insufficient, the lubrication of the rubbing units deteriorates, and this leads to their increased abrasion. In addition, lower viscosity fuels will be drawn through gaps in the pump liners and plungers. As a result of such losses, the supply of fuel falls, and the power of the diesel engine decreases. But too high a viscosity can provoke certain problems: difficulty in injecting fuel into the cylinders.
Temperature properties also play a significant role. The reliability of the engine in the cold season depends on the level of the pour point of the fuel. And the decrease in the auto-ignition temperature greatly facilitates the start of the diesel engine.
A gentle build-up of cylinder pressure during combustion becomes a central prerequisite smooth operation diesel engine. It is possible only when the fuel ignites immediately after the first particles enter the engine cylinders. Slowing down this movement will inevitably lead to a one-time ignition of a fair amount of fuel, and this will cause a sharp jump in the pressure level, and as a result, a more severe engine load. Therefore, it is so important that diesel fuel has the shortest possible ignition delay.
This quality of diesel fuel is certified by a specific value - cetane number. This number is considered arbitrary and is equal to the proportion of cetane in a mixture with alphamethylnaphthalene, which is forced to be equal in flammability to fuel. Moreover, cetane is a hydrocarbon with the lowest, and alphamethylnaphthalene - with a maximum ignition delay. The higher the cetane number, the more flexible operation the fuel can provide for the engine.
For total combustion without residue, the fuel must be properly mixed with air, and here its fractional composition is of key importance. The amount of surface fractions contained in diesel fuel is limited by the permissible flash point, or the temperature at which instantaneous ignition of fuel vapor occurs when an open flame is near.
Diagnose if the fuel is suitable for use in winter time, allows the value of the temperature limits of its solidification and turbidity. When cloudy, tiny wax crystals begin to form in diesel fuel. And as the pour point reaches the pour point, the lability of the fuel is lost, because all the paraffin contained in it crystallizes.
The amount of sulfur in the fuel is also strictly limited. The most suitable is a fuel with a sulfur percentage of less than 0.2%. The smallest increase in this concentration - up to 0.5% - can lead to increased abrasion of engine parts.
The consumption of a particular type of diesel fuel directly depends on the temperature criteria of the environment. The colder the climate, the lower the viscosity of the diesel fuel should be, and the lower the pour point and cloud point values \u200b\u200bshould be. At positive temperatures, it is used summer diesel fuel, up to -20 degrees - winter, and below this limit it is necessary to use special arctic fuel.
Total comments: 0
