In order to improve comfort for the driver and passengers, most passenger cars equipped with not only heating systems, but also cooling the cabin, and in basic configuration. Such a convenience has reverse side - the price of the car increases and the fuel consumption increases, especially in urban traffic jams. In addition, the design of the car is complicated by new details and units that require periodic control and maintenance. To make the right solutions in case of problems of these nodes, it is advisable to know how to check the air conditioner compressor and automobile system Cooling salon as a whole.
Device of the air conditioning system
For self-diagnostics, the owner of the car must understand general principle The operation of the air conditioner, from which parts it consists and where they are located. The system includes such elements:
- External heat exchanger ( technical name - condenser), installed in front of the engine cooling radiator or next to it.
- Internal heat exchanger (evaporator). Hidden under the front panel of the car.
- The compressor with an electromagnetic clutch costs about the engine and is connected to the belt drive.
- Mosts in the form of tubes connecting both heat exchanger. Special substance is moving on them - refrigerant (freon).
- The valve is thermostat (TRV). Most often is under the torpedo.
- Receiver - desiccant in the form of a vertical tank. It is installed in the rotor space near the condenser.
In some models, the outdoor heat exchanger is equipped with a private electric fan.
The work of any air conditioner, including the automotive, is based on the Freon property to drop and evaporate at low temperatures. At the time of evaporation taking place in the inner heat exchanger, this substance takes a lot of heat from the salon air and thus cools it. After gas moves to the compressor, which raises its pressure and temperature. The further process goes like this:
- The hot gaseous refrigerant is inserted into the outer heat exchanger, which is covered with air flow, and is condensed there, giving a bearing heat from the interior.
- Turning into a liquid, the refrigerant passes through the receiver separating moisture, and falls into TRV.
- After the valve, the pressure of liquid freon is reduced and it is sent again to the inner radiator to evaporate.
The operation of the air conditioning system is controlled by electronicsdisabling it in case of exceeding maximum pressure Freona or at low ambient temperature (-5 ° C and less).
Why is it important to monitor the condition of the air conditioner?
The main reason is expensive repair of the cooling system. The cost of refueling by freon starts from 1000 rubles, and the replacement of the broken compressor can do and 1000 y. e. Small-extreme drivers often "fall for money" in the following situations:
- continue to operate the floundering air conditioning, which is due to the compressor or TRV;
- buy a used car with a faulty air conditioning system, not suspecting what it will turn out.
Cutlers cars on secondary market Often, turn off the faulty cooler in order to deceive the buyer - remove the drive belt, produce freon from the contour and so on. To avoid unnecessary costs after the acquisition, you need to know how to check the operation of the air conditioner in the car. If you suspect a malfunction, you can demand lower repairs price.
When the air conditioner begins to cool the air badly, or even refuse, it is advisable to immediately check its performance. When leucing or overheating freon, the most expensive unit - compressor suffer the most expensive aggregate.
Diagnostics Salon Cooling System
The best way to thoroughly deal with air conditioning is to contact a specialized workshop, where the tightness of the system will be tested by a vacuum stand and control the work of the supercharger, TRV and receiver. If there is no such possibility, you will have to act independently. Below is the algorithm, how to check the air conditioner compressor and the remaining elements of the climate installation:
- Run the engine and press the "A / C" button turn on the cooler. If climate control is installed in the machine, adjust it to the minimum air temperature.
- Check the supply of cold air through the cabin lattices at idle and during the movement.
- No or little cold when the engine is running in place? Most likely, the external radiator is clogged with mud and leaves, it needs to be urgently cleaned. Otherwise, the freon will overheat in the tubes, the pressure will rise and the breakthrough can happen or the gas surplus will be reset the valve into the atmosphere.
- Mustle the motor and open the hood cover. Find all the knots and tubes of the cooling circuit - receiver, condenser and compressor. It is possible to distinguish the latter from the pump hydraulic pole on the tubes that goes to the radiator.
- Trigger electromagnetic coupling compressor you can check without freon in the system and even without drive belt. To do this, disconnect a regular connector from it and connect the connector with a plus terminal of the battery. The coupling should work and "pull up" the pulley to the belt can rotate the axis of the supercharger.
- Take the engine again, turn on the system into the cooling mode and take the palm of the thick tube, running out of the cabin to the compressor. For 3-5 seconds. After switching on, it should become ice. If this is not the case, then in the circuit of the refrigerant lack due to leakage through connections or punched radiator.
- Touch the tube carefully connecting the supercharger with the condenser. At temperatures on the street up to 20 ° C, it should be warm, and during the heat - very hot.
- Touch the thin highway laid from an external radiator inside the cabin. It should not be very hot in any weather.
- Finally, carefully inspect the joints and the visible part of the condensor on the subject of oil flows, indicating the depressurization of the system.
Such testing cannot be called objective, because the ordinary car enthusiast can and make a mistake. Therefore, at the slightest suspicion it is worth visiting the car service at the first opportunity.
Certain difficulties with diagnostics of the air conditioning system occur in winter timeWhen electronics does not want to include cooling due to low air temperature. To run it, you should warm up the engine to the operating temperature and to roll the salon as much as possible.. Then the corresponding sensors and air conditioning will turn on, if it is working.
If, when buying a car you are told that the air conditioning system works, but the belt simply broke or it is necessary to fix the freon, do not trust such a seller. Those thoroughly check the cooler without a drive you cannot, so immediately agree on the reduction of the price of the car for 300-500 y. e.
To date, everyone has already bored with the idea that air conditioning in the car is an integral part of the equipment. It helps it easier to carry the summer heat, especially when you stand in traffic jams. Therefore, when buying a car, you should pay attention to whether there is air conditioning and the features of contacting it. In particular, the concepts proper inclusion and timely maintenance car conditioner.
By purchasing a used car, you should check the operation of the air conditioner. This part of the equipment is no less important than the rest. To begin with, it is necessary to interview the owner about the problems with the air conditioner, did he often break down when the last time was served, refueling and did the filter changed in time? But you should not count that the answer will always be truthful, you need to be ready to produce simplest check Alone.
Not even being a big specialist in the repair of cars, you can define some breakdowns "on the eye". First of all, it concerns the visual inspection of tubes, hoses and radiator. They should not be cracks, peasants, incluses and sucks. The radiator and the evaporator must be pure, contaminated "honeycombs" will lead to a rapid failure of this equipment. If it is not possible to spend professional diagnosisYou should remember the approximate sequence of self-diagnostics:
At the time of clicking on the power on the air conditioner, under the hood, at the location of the compressor, a quiet click should occur. This is due to the fact that the magnet is triggered on the compressor, so connecting the air conditioner pulley. It is better to do it with the assistant, one presses the button, and the other listens under the hood. On some models of cars (especially on new) this method is inffective due to constructive features Compressor or "litterness" of space under the hood. And also, for better consideration of the necessary aggregates, it is good to have a lantern with them.
Following the next, it stands in the pumproom space to inspect all tubes and hoses, firstly, as already mentioned in order to make sure of their integrity. And secondly, there are such "clever", which are installed in the car the air conditioner button in its actual absence.
Carefully consider the radiator of the air conditioner, some "figures", in order to more than sell the car, instead of a damaged native radiator put Chinese, with plastic details. The radiator of the air conditioner must be completely metallic, not having the sleeves and visible places after repair.
Now it is worth moving to the compressor, this is also an important part of the system. In view of it for the detection of cracks, full-fledged fasteners, if possible, make a car and listen to the rotation of the pulley. With its rotation should not be outsided sounds. Exploring the tubes coming from the radiator can soon reach the reversible dryer, it looks like a vertical barrel, thick with a fist. It should have a window through which the amount and quality of freon in the system can be seen.
The next step will be the inspection of the operation of the air conditioner as a whole. You need to start the car, turn on the air conditioner and try the temperature of the tubes going to the radiator. One should be very cold, the second on the contrary is hot.
The surest indicator proper work air conditioner, of course cold air In the cabin, but unfortunately, so it is impossible to determine the degree of pollution of the filter. It is not always worth trusting devices for devices and luminous indicators, if desired, you can connect them to bypassing the system. Therefore, some functions of the air conditioning system should be checked when the car is moving.
And in conclusion, what to do in winter? Ideally, it is worth driving a car into a warm room and continue there to check. If there is no opportunity to warm the car and turn on the air recycling function in the air conditioner.
With the arrival of warm summertime weather, it is often hot and uncomfortable in the car. Supports optimum temperature Air in the cabin air conditioning or system of control climate.
Air conditioning is a combination of devices that, due to the change in the temperature of the refrigerant (gas), cools the car salon. It is the opinion that the air conditioner cools worse than climate control. In fact, the difference between them is only one thing: if the car is equipped with an ordinary air conditioning, then you independently change the temperature of the air flow colder / warmer, in the case of climate control, you set the temperature, for example 20 degrees, and it is supported all the time.
When buying a car to the question: "Does the air conditioner work?", It is often answered: "Yes, you only need to fix it!", But, unfortunately, everything can be not so simple, so you should not believe such applications. It is necessary to fill the system, so you can say that if it is not filled, then it has leaks and malfunctions. It is easy to fill the air conditioning system after a long stay in a non-grid and / or inaccurate state, without diagnosing and eliminating the breakdown, can lead to the failure of an expensive compressor or other elements. To immediately determine whether the air conditioning system is able, will look out of what it consists and how does it function?
Refrigerent
IN modern carsmobiles are used freon R134A, since it has the best dependence of temperature from pressure: with increasing pressure, the temperature increases, with a decrease - on the contrary. Freon is not a fuel, and relatively simple is made, so it is so widespread. In order for air conditioning correctly and fully worked, the system must be lubricated with oil dissolved in Freon. For different species Compressors (household, industrial, automotive) is different, so the freon is different, and refuel, for example, the system of home air conditioner gas for automotive and on the contrary it is impossible.
Compressor
The main and most expensive node. Piston or plunger pump, which squeezes gas in the system to 10-15 pressure bar, has a pulley with a drive belt from the crankshaft. Two highways are suitable for it: low and high pressure.
Condenser
The air conditioner radiator is located in the radiators cassette first immediately behind the front bumper. The incoming air flow or the fan cools the hot gas entering it under pressure from the compressor, which turns into a liquid.
Drainy filter
Contains a Selikahel absorbing the moisture harmful to the liquid freon system. On modern cars, it does not require replacement for the entire service life.
Pressure thermostat (choke)
It is installed directly on the evaporator in the cabin or at the junction of the tubes with a motor shield. Spraying the cooled freon from the liquid partially into the gaseous state, evaporating it into the evaporator. At the same time, the gas pressure, as well as the temperature, decreases strongly (approximately up to -2 degrees).
Evaporator
The radiator installed in the cabin (inside the torpedo) from which cold air is served in the cabin. From the evaporator on a low pressure tube, Freon is absorbed back into the compressor.
How to check the performance of the air conditioner?
How to check any air conditioning per minute? Take the car, turn on the air conditioner. Next, near the compressor or throttle, simply touch two pipes of highways: high pressure (thicker) and low (thinner). High pressure tube should be hot (about 50 degrees), and low - cold (about zero). If there is not enough gas in the system or it is not sealed, the compressor is defective, then the temperature of the tubes will be approximately the same, which means the air conditioner will not work.
Old-type car compressors operate in two positions: incl. And off, new type have smooth adjustment. This helps to reduce the load on the engine and fuel economy. Uploadability can vary depending on the temperature in the cabin and turnover of the engine: when harsh pressed On gas (for example, when overtaking), the compressor can also be disconnected, allowing you to transfer the entire power of the engine to the wheels. The pressure in the air conditioning system depends not on the amount of gas, but from its temperature. It is for this that Freon is filled with kilograms. Even with the minimum amount of gas, the air conditioner turns on, but it will be badly cooling and the compressor will quickly fail. It is harmful and excessive gas: Freon will not have time to evaporate in the evaporator, and in a liquid state falls into the compressor, which will lead to its fatal breakdown. For these reasons, refueling the air conditioning system is necessary in strictly specified factory The manufacturer of quantities, and only on specialized service station and car services, given the amount of gas remaining in filling tubes (usually about 50 gr.).
In prophylactic purposes, it is necessary to include air conditioning even in winter, pre-heating the interior, and then turning on the flow of cold air, and to prevent corrosion of tubes and connections, follow the cleanliness under the hood, then the air conditioner will last for a long time without breakdowns, and the car will rejoice even in the most hot day.
Often, leaks are caused by vibration, which loosen the compounds in the circuit of the freon circulation, but the freon can also flow through the walls of rubber hoses or the oil seal (oil seal) of the compressor.
IN modern systems On Freon R134a, leakage can be difficult to find, since synthetic compressor oil in these places will not leave the oil collapse. If an auto-conditioner requires frequent refueling - a leak test is required. If the freon leakage source cannot be installed visually, there are other methods.
ATTENTION: The leak of 50-100 g per year is the norm.
Preparation for test
Freon circuits chain should be under pressure during test. If the system still functions, the pressure must be sufficient (at least 3.5 bar) to carry out an effective test. If there is too little freon in the system, it will need to be removed.
Attention: if the system is empty, do not refuel it - spend the test with using OFN. (Oxygen Freenitrogen - nitrogen without oxygen impurities).
Autoconditioner checking places for leakage
- All connections and tubes
- Compressor shaft
- Service valves and compressor gaskets
- Condenzor and evaporator tubes
- Receiver / Desiccant Connections
- Pressure Sensors
- Steam joints of spring castle
- Hoses
Test air conditioner vehicle using off
OFN (Oxygen Free Nitrogen) is a nitrogen without an oxygen impurity. Its molecular structure is well suited to search for leaks. In addition, ofn is relatively inexpensive.
- If the system still functions, remove freon.
- Connect a cylinder with OFN to a service connector with a suitable nozzle.
- Open the valve on the cylinder to set the pressure in the circuit 10-15 bar and close the valve.
- Wipe the places of possible leaks with soap solution - bubbles are formed there.
- Release the entire nitrogen from the system before any repair.
Test using electronic leak detector
Such equipment can find very small leaks.
Testing may become complicated under drafts, so you need to close the point of possible leakage from the wind so as not to give freon to evaporate. If it falls into the atmosphere, the flower will signal the leak all the time. It is best to ventilate the room in front of the test.
- Make sure the system is filled. Partial refueling about 225 g is also enough.
- Check the place of possible leakage by starting from the highest point of the chain (freon heavier than air).
- When the leakage is installed, the leak detector makes a signal, the intensity of which depends on the concentration of freon.
- If the leakage cannot be installed when the air conditioner is turned off, start the engine and turn on the air conditioner to create pressure in the system.
Attention: dealing with a partially refilled system, it is recommended to turn on the air conditioner for a short time and not exceed the number of revolutions idle move Engine, as the oil in the system may not be enough to lubricate the compressor.
Test car air conditioner using UV lamp
So that the flowing freon can be seen using an ultraviolet lamp, Freon is mixed with a special dye. The effect of the freon backlight, which occurs under ultraviolet rays, makes it easy to install leakage.
ATTENTION: The dye could have already been added to the system by the manufacturer of the car.
Using the injector (injection), the dye can be added from low pressure (suction) when refueling the system. The dye is connected to the oil, and even if the freon is extracted, and the system is rewrong, the dye will remain in the system.
- Follow the manufacturer's instructions by adding the correct amount of dye.
- Get the engine and turn on the air conditioner.
- Encounter UV lamp in places of possible leaks - they will be visible.
Caution: Excess ultraviolet can be harmful to the eye. Using UV lamp, always wear safety glasses.
Naturally, under the check of the air conditioner in the overwhelming majority of the case, we are talking about the need to verify the equipment before the season. There may be completely different problems. However, most of them arise due to incorrect installation (as a rule, it was performed personally by the owner of the property, not experts).
Installation of the air conditioner provides the main principles of the long functioning of this device. However, it is not necessary to forget that the diagnosis before the season of use is recommended to be carried out in several stages.
Initially, it should be noted that the external air conditioner unit must be installed on the wall, while retreating from it at a distance of 10 cm. Only in this case correct functioning can be achieved summer period time.
After all, otherwise, the external block will be reheated substantially. As a result, the probability of the output of the entire device is out.
- working with copper tubes should be carried out exclusively with the help of the cargo and the roller;
- and external, and the internal blocks are set in such a way that they can be serviced without causing specialists;
- it is strictly forbidden to install an internal air conditioner unit if
- there is an obstacle (furniture, window textiles, etc.);
- we check the possibility of removing condensate to the street;
- the vacuum procedure is mandatory.
The fact is that if used non-piperaza, but other tools for cutting copper tubes, then the likelihood of metal dust in the device itself. And this means that the duration of its operation is under a serious question.
It is imperative that the air conditioner does not "husky". On professional jargon, it means that condensate should always be discharged into the street. For this, the entire highway is under a very sharp angle.
However, as it is known, air conditioning can be used in winter time, as a heater.
Checking the air conditioner is performed as follows. All windows are closed, exhibited temperature mode And the air conditioner is started. If after 20 minutes the room temperature does not match the set values, the air conditioner requires service.
The video will be demonstrated how to carry out the diagnosis of air conditioner with bare hands:
