Classification and designation of motor vehicles. Classification and designation system of motor vehicles

Russian Federation Development Department order automotive industry

OST 37.001.269-96 Transport vehicles. Marking (as amended N 1, 2)

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OST 37.001.269-96

INDUSTRY STANDARD

Vehicles. Marking

Foreword

1. DEVELOPED by the State the Science Center Russian Federation Central to the Order of the Red Banner of Labor Research Automobile and Autorepair Institute (SSC RF NAMI).

CONTRACTORS:

B.V. Kisulenko, Cand. tech. Sciences (topic leader); V. A. Fedotov, I. I. Malashkov, Cand. tech. sciences; A.A. Nosenkov, Cand. tech. sciences.

Revised with the participation of specialists from the Main Directorate of the State Automobile Inspectorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation (S.G. Zubrisky), the Research Center of the State Automobile Inspectorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation (B.M.Savin, A.E. Shvets, P.P.Bulavkin, S.A. Fomochkin) and JSC "LITEX" (IA Osipov).

2. Adopted by the Technical Committee TC 56 "Road Transport".

3. PUT INTO EFFECT by the Order of the Department for the Development of the Automotive Industry of February 28, 1996 N 2.

4. The standard in terms of the requirements for the vehicle identification number fully complies with ISO 3779-83 and ISO 4030-83.

5. REPLACE OST 37.001.269-87.

6. REVISED 1998 with amendments 1 and 2 (UNDER N 1 1998).

1 area of \u200b\u200buse

1.1. This standard establishes the technical requirements and content of the main and additional markings of vehicles (TS): auto and motor vehicles, trailers and semitrailers to them, forklifts, trolleybuses, as well as their main parts.

The provisions of this standard regarding the requirements for the main marking apply to vehicles and their main parts manufactured after the date of entry into force of this standard.

1.2. The safety requirements for property of the public are set out in sections 3, 4, 5 and 7.

2. Normative references

4.2. Products subject to mandatory certification must have a conformity mark in accordance with GOST R 50460.

4.3. Vehicle marking.

4.3.1. The vehicle must be marked with its identification number (VIN). *

* The abbreviations of the identification number and its structural parts given in clauses 4 and 5 of this standard correspond to ISO 3779, ISO 3780 and ISO 4030.

The VIN must be applied directly to the product (non-removable part), in the places least prone to destruction in a road accident. One of the selected places should be on the right side (in the direction of the vehicle).

VIN is applied:

a) on the body passenger car - in two places, in the front and back;

b) on the body of the bus - in two different places;

c) on the body of the trolleybus - in one place;

d) on the cockpit truck and a forklift truck - in one place;

e) on the frame of the trailer, semi-trailer and motor vehicle - in one place.

On off-road vehicles, trolleybuses and forklift trucks, the VIN is allowed to be indicated on a separate plate.

4.3.2. The vehicle, as a rule, should have a plate located, if possible, in the front and containing the following data:

b) index (model, modification, version) of the engine (with a working volume of 125 cm and more);

c) permissible total weight; *

d) permissible total mass of the road train (for tractors); *

e) permissible weightfalling on each axle / axles of bogies, starting from the front axle; *

f) the permissible weight per fifth wheel coupling. *

* Data is not indicated for trolleybuses and motor vehicles; for the rest of the vehicles, the need to indicate data is established by the enterprise - the holder of the originals of design documents (CD). For trailers and semi-trailers, the data may be indicated directly on the product.

4.4. Marking component parts TS.

4.4.1. Engines internal combustion, as well as chassis and cabins of trucks, bodies of cars and engine blocks must be marked with the identification number of the component (identification number of the midrange).

The identification number of the midrange consists of two structural parts, the number of characters and the rules for the formation of which are similar to VDS and VIS section 5.

4.4.2. The identification number of the midrange on the chassis and cab frame of a truck, as well as on the body of a passenger car, must be applied, if possible, in the front part, on the right side, in one place, allowing it to be seen from outside the vehicle.

4.4.3. Engines are marked on the block in one place.

Engine blocks are marked in one place, while the first part of the midrange identification number, similar to VDS, may not be indicated

5. Vehicle identification number

5.1. Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) - a combination of digital and letter symbols assigned for identification purposes, are a mandatory marking element and are individual for each vehicle for 30 years.

5.2. VIN has the following structure:

5.2.1. International Manufacturer's Identification Code (WMI) - the first part of the VIN, which allows you to identify the vehicle manufacturer, consists of three letters and numbers.

In general, WMI assigns the Central Scientific Research Automotive and Automotive Institute (NAMI), located at the address: Russia, 125438, Moscow, Avtomotornaya str., 2.

NOTE In accordance with ISO 3780, the letters and numbers used in the first two characters of WMI are assigned to the country and controlled by an international agency - the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), under the authority of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).

5.2.2. (apt.2) The descriptive part (VDS) of the identification number - the second part of the VIN, consists of six characters.

The TS index should be used as VDS, which is part of its designation assigned in the manner prescribed for products of the automotive industry. *

* Designation is assigned to:

US - the vehicle specified in 3.1., Items a) -g) (address - according to 5.2.1.);
JSC "MOTOPROM" - TS under 3.1., Transfer h) (address - Russia, 142207, Serpukhov, Borisovskoe shosse, 17).

For motor vehicles as distinctive feature from other vehicles the Latin letter "M" must be used on the first VDS mark. Subsequent VDS characters have an index without a dot.

If the vehicle index includes less than six characters, zeroes should be put in the blank spaces of the last VDS characters (on the right).

If it is necessary to reflect the variance and (or) completeness of the vehicle in the identification number, it is recommended in VDS to use their conditional code, which is assigned by the company - the holder of the originals of the CA.

Examples of using conditional codes as VDS are shown in Table 2.

table 2

5.2.3. Identification Number Indicator (VIS) - The third part of the VIN consists of eight numbers and letters, of which the last four characters must be numbers. The first sign must indicate the code of the year of manufacture of the vehicle in accordance with Appendix A. Subsequent signs must indicate the serial number of the vehicle, which is assigned by the manufacturer.

5.2.4. (Ex.1) The content of the marking, including the vehicle code according to 5.2.2., must be given in the manual (instructions) for operation and, at the discretion of the developer, in the technical specifications of the vehicle.

6. Additional marking of the vehicle

6.1. Additional marking of the vehicle provides for the application of the VDS and VIS identification number of the vehicle, visible and invisible to the eye (visible and invisible marking).

6.2. Visible markings are applied to the outer surface, as a rule, of the following vehicle components:

a) windshield glass - on the right side, along the upper edge of the glass, at a distance of about 20 mm from the seal;

b) rear window glass - on the left side, along the lower edge of the glass, at a distance of about 20 mm from the seal;

c) glass side windows (movable) - in the rear part, along the lower edge of the glass, at a distance of about 20 mm from the seal;

d) headlights and rear lights - on the glass (or rim), along the lower edge, near the sidewalls of the body (cab).

6.3. As a rule, invisible markings are applied to:

a) roof lining - in the central part, at a distance of about 20 mm from the windscreen glass seal;

b) upholstery of the driver's seat back - on the left (in the direction of the vehicle's movement) side surface, in the middle, along the back frame;

c) the surface of the housing of the turn signal switch along the axis of the steering column.

7. Technical requirements for marking

7.1. The method of performing the main and additional visible markings must ensure the clarity of the image and its safety during the entire service life of the vehicle in the conditions and modes established by the design documentation.

7.2. AT identification numbers TC and MF should use letters of the Latin alphabet (except for I, O and Q) and Arabic numerals.

7.2.1. The company chooses the font of the letters from the font types set in regulatory documents, taking into account the adopted technological process.

7.2.2. The font of numbers should exclude the possibility of deliberate substitution of one number for another.

7.3. The identification number of the vehicle and the midrange, as well as additional markings must be displayed in one or two lines.

When the identification number is displayed in two lines, none of its component parts is allowed to be divided by hyphenation. At the beginning and end of the line (s) there must be a sign (symbol, delimiting frame of the plate, etc.), which is chosen by the company and must differ from the numbers and letters of the marking. The selected character is described in the technical documentation. There should be no spaces between characters and lines of the identification number. The division of the component parts of the identification number by the selected sign is allowed.

Note - When giving the identification number in text documents, it is allowed not to put down the selected sign.

7.4. When performing the main marking, the height of letters and numbers must be at least:

7.7. Additional invisible marking is made using a special technology and becomes visible in the light of ultraviolet rays. When marking, the structure of the material on which it is applied must not be disturbed.

7.8. Destruction and (or) change of markings during the repair of the vehicle and their components is not allowed.

Appendix A
(required)

Numbers and letters used in identification numbers as the year code of the product

(TS)

Vehicle marking (TS) is subdivided into primary and secondary. The main marking of the vehicle and their component parts is mandatory and carried out by their manufacturers. In the case of the manufacture of a vehicle sequentially by several enterprises, it is permissible to apply the main marking of the vehicle only by the manufacturer of the final product. Additional vehicle marking is recommended and carried out by both vehicle manufacturers and specialized enterprises. The main marking is performed on the following products:

trucks, including specialized and special ones on their chassis, tractors with an onboard platform, as well as multi-purpose vehicles and special wheeled chassis; passenger cars, including specialized and special on their basis, cargo and passenger;
buses, including specialized and special buses based on them;
trolleybuses;
trailers and semi-trailers;
forklift trucks;
internal combustion engines;
motor vehicles;
truck chassis;
cabins of trucks;
car bodies;
blocks of internal combustion engines.

Content and location of the main marking

In addition to the fact that the vehicle, chassis and engines must have a trademark in accordance with GOST 26828, and products subject to mandatory certification must have a conformity mark in accordance with GOST R 50460, a special marking of the vehicle and its components is made.

Vehicle marking

A. The vehicle identification number - VIN must be applied directly to the product (non-removable part), in places least prone to destruction in a road traffic accident. One of the selected places should be on the right side (in the direction of the vehicle).
VIN is applied:

on the body of a car - in two places, in the front and rear;
on the body of the bus - in two different places;
on the trolleybus body - in one place;
on the cab of a truck and a forklift - in one place;
on the frame of the trailer, semitrailer and motor vehicle - in one place;
on off-road vehicles, trolleybuses and forklift trucks, the VIN may be indicated on a separate plate.

B. The vehicle, as a rule, should have a plate located, if possible, in the front part and containing the following data:

index (model, modification, version) of the engine (with a working volume of 125 cm3 and more);
permissible total weight;
permissible total weight of the road train (for tractors);
permissible mass per axle / axles of bogies, starting from the front axle;
permissible weight per fifth wheel coupling.

Vehicle identification number (VIN) - a combination of digital and alphabetic symbols, assigned for identification purposes, is a mandatory element of the marking and is individual for each vehicle for 30 years.

VIN has the following structure: WMI VDS VIS

The first part of the VIN (first three characters) - International Manufacturer's Identification Code (WMI), allows identification of the vehicle manufacturer and consists of three letters or letters and numbers.

In accordance with ISO 3780, the letters and numbers used in the first two characters of WMI are assigned to the country and controlled by an international agency - the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), under the leadership of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). The distribution of the first two signs, characterizing the zone and country of manufacture, according to SAE, is given in Appendix 1.

The first character (geographic area code) is a letter or number that designates a specific geographic area.
For instance:
from 1 to 5 - North America;
from S to Z - Europe;
from A to H - Africa;
j to R - Asia;
6.7 - Countries of Oceania;
8.9.0 - South America.

The second character (country code) is a letter or number that designates a country in a specific geographic area. If necessary, several characters may be used to indicate a country. Only the combination of the first and second characters guarantees unique identification of the country. For instance:
from 10 to 19 - USA;
from 1A to 1Z - USA;
from 2A to 2W - Canada;
from 3A to 3W - Mexico;
from W0 to W9 - Germany, Federal Republic;
from WA to WZ - Germany, Federal Republic.

The third character is a letter or number assigned to the manufacturer by the National Organization. In Russia, such an organization is the Central Research Automotive and Automotive Institute (NAMI), located at: Russia, 125438, Moscow, st. Avtomotornaya, building 2, which assigns WMI as a whole. Only the combination of the first, second and third characters provides a unique identification of the vehicle manufacturer - the International Manufacturer's Identification (WMI). The number 9 as the third digit is used by National Organizations when it is necessary to characterize a manufacturer that produces less than 500 vehicles per year.

Second part VIN - the descriptive part of the identification number (VDS) consists of six characters (if the vehicle index consists of less than six characters, then the blank spaces of the last VDS characters (on the right) are filled with zeros), usually denoting the vehicle model and modification, according to the design documentation (CD).

Third part VIN - the identifying part of the identification number (VIS) - consists of eight characters (numbers and letters), of which the last four characters must be numbers. The first character VIS indicates the code of the year of manufacture of the vehicle (see Appendix 3), the subsequent characters indicate the serial number of the vehicle assigned by the manufacturer.

Several WMIs may be assigned to a manufacturer, but the same number may not be assigned to another car manufacturer for at least 30 years from the moment it was first used by the previous (first) manufacturer.

Marking of vehicle components

Internal combustion engines, as well as chassis and cabins of trucks, bodies of passenger cars and engine blocks must be marked with the identification number of the component (CP).

The midrange identification number consists of two structural parts, the number of characters and the rules for the formation of which are similar to VDS and VIS VIN.

The identification number of the midrange on the chassis frame and the cab of the truck should be applied, if possible, in the front part, on the right side, in one place, allowing it to be seen from outside the vehicle.

Engines are marked on the engine block in one place.

Engine blocks are marked in one place, while the first part of the midrange identification number, similar to VDS, is allowed not to be indicated.

Content and location of additional marking

Additional marking of the vehicle provides for the application of the VDS and VIS identification number of the vehicle, visible and invisible to the eye (visible and invisible marking).

Visible markings are applied to the outer surface, as a rule, of the following vehicle components:

windshield glass - on the right side, along the upper edge of the glass, at a distance of about 20 mm from the seal;
rear window glass - on the left side, along the lower edge of the glass, at a distance of about 20 mm from the seal;
sidewall windows (movable) - in the rear, along the lower edge of the glass, at a distance of about 20 mm from the seal;
headlights and taillights - on the glass (or rim), along the lower edge, near the sides of the body (cab).

As a rule, invisible markings are applied to:

roof lining - in the central part, at a distance of about 20 mm from the windshield glass seal;
upholstery of the driver's seat back - on the left (in the direction of travel of the vehicle) lateral surface, in the middle, along the back frame;
the surface of the housing of the turn signal switch along the axis of the steering column.

Technical requirements to marking

The method of performing the main and additional visible markings should ensure the clarity of the image and its safety during the entire service life of the vehicle under the conditions and modes established in the design documentation.

In the identification numbers of the vehicle and the midrange, the letters of the Latin alphabet (except for I, O and Q) and Arabic numerals should be used.

The company chooses the font of the letters from the types of fonts established in the regulatory documents, taking into account the adopted technological process.

The font of numbers should exclude the possibility of deliberate substitution of one number for another.

The identification numbers of the vehicle and the midrange, as well as signs of additional marking must be depicted in one or two lines.

When the identification number is displayed in two lines, none of its component parts is allowed to be divided by transfer. At the beginning and at the end of the line (s) there must be a sign (symbol, delimiting frame of the plate, etc.), which is chosen by the company and must differ from the numbers and letters of the marking. The selected character is described in the technical documentation.

There should be no spaces between characters and lines of the identification number. It is allowed to separate the component parts of the identification number by the selected sign. Note. When giving the identification number in text documents, it is allowed not to put down the selected sign.

When performing the main marking, the height of letters and numbers must be at least:

a) in the identification numbers of the vehicle and the midrange:
7 mm - when applied directly to the vehicle and their components, while 5 mm is allowed - for engines and their blocks;
4 mm - when applied directly to motor vehicles;
4 mm - when applied to plates;

b) in the rest of the marking data - 2.5 mm.

The identification number of the main marking should be applied to surfaces that have traces of the machining provided for technological process... The plates must comply with the requirements of GOST 12969, GOST 12970, GOST 12971 and be attached to the product using, as a rule, a one-piece connection.

Additional invisible marking is made using a special technology and becomes visible in the light of ultraviolet rays. When making the marking, the structure of the material on which it is applied must not be disturbed.

Destruction and (or) change of marking during repair of the vehicle and their components is not allowed. Marking methods are not stipulated by standards and can be either manual or mechanized.

In the manual method of applying the marking with a hammer blow on the brand, a depressed image of a number, letter, asterisk or other sign is obtained on a panel or platform. In this case, the order of drawing signs is chosen by the worker. As a result of manual filling, the characters are displaced horizontally and vertically, deviation of the vertical axes occurs, to exclude this, a template can be used. In this case, the depth of the marking numbers is not the same.

Mechanized marking is carried out in two ways: impact and knurling. Both methods have their own characteristics. So, with a microscopic examination of the marking made with a roller, traces of the entry of the working part of the stamp from one side and its exit from the other side of the mark are visible. When shock method the working part of the stamp moves strictly vertically.

Quite often, with the mechanized method of marking, especially on aluminum blocks, "underfilling" occurs, as a result of which the marking marks are too small or barely noticeable. In such cases, manual finishing or repeated mechanized finishing is performed. With manual finishing, accompanying signs appear. With repeated mechanized application, double outlines with the same sign shift may be visible.

With the combined method of marking, some of the marks are applied mechanically, and the rest are achieved manually. This option is characterized by signs of both methods.

Additional marking is applied, as a rule, by sandblasting or milling of car parts made of glass, or by applying designations with a special composition containing phosphors on the interior elements of the car interior. In the first case, the marking is observed visually without the help of special devices, in the second, for its detection, the use of an ultraviolet lamp is required.

1.2 Symbols

G H - rated carrying capacity of the vehicle, N (provided by the technical specifications);

Go - the weight of the empty vehicle (own weight in the equipped state);

Go1 - own weight on the front axle, N;

Go2 - own weight on the rear axle, N;

Gа is the total weight of the vehicle (laden), N;

Ga1 - total weight on the front axle, N;

Ga2 - total weight on the rear axle, N;

Z - vehicle base, m;

A - distance of the front wheel axle to the vehicle center of gravity, m;

C - distance from axis rear wheels to the center of gravity of the vehicle, m;

n1 is the number of wheels on the front axle, pcs;

n2 - number of axles on the rear axle, pcs;

B - tire profile width, m;

D is the rim landing diameter, m;

Р1 - air pressure in the tires of the front wheels, MN / m 2;

V1 - vehicle speed, m / s;

P2 is the air pressure in the tires of the rear wheels, MN / m 2;

R is the turning radius of the road, m;

G - acceleration of gravity, m / s 2 (g \u003d 9.8 m / s 2);

K y 1 - coefficient of wheel slip resistance of the front tire, n / rad .;

K y 2 - coefficient of rear tire slip resistance, n / pa;

PцG 0 - centrifugal force acting on an empty car, n;

PцG a - centrifugal force acting on a loaded car when driving on a bend in the road, N ;.

Pц1G 0 - part of the centrifugal force applied to the front axle of a loaded vehicle, N;

Pц2G 0 - part of the centrifugal force applied to the rear axle of a loaded vehicle, N;

Pц1G a - part of the centrifugal force on the front axle of an empty car, N ;.

Pц2G a - part of the centrifugal force applied to the rear axle of an empty vehicle, N;

δ n G 0 - angle of withdrawal of the front axle of an empty vehicle, rad;

δ З G 0 - angle of withdrawal of the rear axle of an empty vehicle, rad;

δ n G a - the angle of the front axle withdrawal of the loaded vehicle, rad;

δ з G а - angle of withdrawal of the rear axle of a loaded vehicle, rad;

Critical speed of the empty vehicle, m / s;

Critical speed of a loaded vehicle, m / s;

The car model is selected according to the penultimate figure in the record book:

Gн	8,3	N2	2
Go	17,2	P1	0,25
Go1	9,3	P2	0,25
Go2	7,9	b	0,200
Z	2,7	d	0,381
A	1,4	n1	2
C	1,3

33.33 Pk, kN 0.606 0.431 0.460 0.491 0.526 Pw, kN 0.771 0.292 0.369 0.456 0.552 P, kN 1.377 0.723 0.829 0.947 1.078 2. Calculation of vehicle braking parameters While driving, the driver constantly changes the vehicle speed in accordance with changes in the road situation. He must constantly be ready, if necessary, for ...

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It is valid for a device of this kind. 5.3 Conclusion As a result of the analysis of energy saving parameters, it was revealed that when implementing a vehicle user authentication system, one cannot do without analyzing the system's energy consumption and finding ways to reduce this parameter. The originally designed system would cause discomfort for the user at the expense of too little ...

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Is the distribution different cars into groups, classes and categories. Depending on the type of structure, parameters of the power unit, purpose or features that certain vehicles have, the classification provides for several such categories.

Classification by purpose

The vehicles differ in their purpose. It is possible to single out passenger and cargo vehicles, as well as special vehicles.

If with a passenger and cargo car everything is very clear, then special transport not intended for the transport of people and goods. These vehicles transport equipment that is attached to them. So, such means include fire trucks, aerial platforms, truck cranes, truck shops and other cars that are equipped with one or another equipment.

If a passenger car can accommodate up to 8 people without a driver, then it is classified as a passenger car. If the capacity of the vehicle is more than 8 people, then this type of vehicle is a bus.

The transporter can be used for general purposes or for the transport of special cargo. General purpose cars have a body with sides without a tipping device. They can also be equipped with an awning and arches for installation.

Special-purpose trucks have various technical capabilities in their design for the transportation of certain goods. For example, the panel transporter is optimized for easy transport of panels and building boards. The dump truck is used for mainly bulk cargo. The fuel truck is designed for light oil products.

Trailers, semi-trailers, dismantling trailers

Any vehicle can be used with additional equipment... These can be trailers, semi-trailers or dismantling.

A trailer is a type of vehicle used without a driver. Its movement is carried out by means of a car using towing.

The semi-trailer is a towed vehicle without the participation of the driver. Part of its mass is given to the towing vehicle.

The dismantling trailer is designed for the transportation of long loads. The design provides for a drawbar, the length of which may change during operation.

The towing vehicle is called a towing vehicle. Such a car is completed special devicewhich allows the vehicle to be coupled to any of the trailers. In another way, this design is called a saddle, and the tractor is called a truck tractor. but truck tractor is in a separate vehicle category.

Indexations and types

Earlier in the USSR, each vehicle model had its own index. It designated the plant where the car was produced.

In 1966, the so-called industry standard ОН 025270-66 "Classification and designation system of automobile rolling stock, as well as its units and assemblies" was adopted. This document not only made it possible to classify the types of vehicles. Based on this provision, trailers and other equipment were also classified.

Under this system, all vehicles whose classification was described in this document had four, five or six digits in their index. By them it was possible to determine the categories of the vehicle.

Decoding of digital indexes

The second digit could be used to identify the type of vehicle. 1 - passenger vehicle, 2 - bus, 3 - general purpose truck, 4 - truck tractor, 5 - dump truck, 6 - tank, 7 - van, 9 - special purpose vehicle.

As for the first digit, it designated the vehicle class. For example, light vehicles, which were classified by engine volume. Trucks divided into classes by weight. Buses were distinguished by length.

Classification of passenger vehicles

According to the industry standard, light wheeled vehicles were classified as follows.

1 - especially small class, engine volume was up to 1.2 liters;
2 - small class, volume from 1.3 to 1.8 liters;
3 - middle class cars, engine volume from 1.9 to 3.5 liters;
4 - large class with a volume of more than 3.5 liters;
5 – top class passenger vehicles.

Today, the industry standard is no longer required, and many factories do not adhere to it. but domestic manufacturers autos still use this indexing.

Sometimes you can find vehicles whose classification does not fit the first digit in the model. This means that the index was assigned to the model at the development stage, and then something changed in the design, but the figure remained.

Foreign-made cars and their classification system

Indexes of foreign cars that were imported into the territory of our country were not included in the list of vehicles according to the accepted standard. Therefore, in 1992, the Motor Vehicle Certification System was introduced, and since October 1, 1998, its modified version has been in effect.

For all types of vehicles that came into circulation in our country, it was necessary to draw up a special document called "Vehicle Type Approval". It followed from the document that each vehicle should have its own separate brand.

To simplify the procedure for passing certification in the Russian Federation, they use the so-called International Classification System. In accordance with it, any road vehicle can be attributed to one of the groups - L, M, N, O. There are no other designations.

Categories of vehicles according to the international system

Group L includes any vehicles with less than four wheels, as well as ATVs:

The L1 is a moped or vehicle with two wheels, which can reach a maximum speed of 50 km / h. If the vehicle has an internal combustion engine, then its volume should not exceed 50 cm³. If as power unit used by electrical engine, then the rated power indicators must be less than 4 kW;
L2 - a three-wheeled moped, as well as any vehicle with three wheels, the speed of which does not exceed 50 km / h, and the engine volume is 50 cm³;
L3 is a motorcycle with a volume of more than 50 cm³. Its top speed is higher than 50 km / h;
L4 - a motorcycle equipped with a sidecar to carry a passenger;
L5 - tricycles, the speed of which exceeds 50 km / h;
The L6 is a lightweight ATV. The mass of the equipped vehicle must not exceed 350 kg; Maximum speed no more than 50 km / h;
L7 is a full-fledged ATV weighing up to 400 kg.

M1 is a vehicle for the carriage of passengers with no more than 8 seats;
M2 - a vehicle with more than eight seats for passengers;
M3 - a vehicle with more than 8 seats and weighing up to 5 tons;
M4 is a vehicle with more than eight seats and a weight over 5 tons.

N1 - trucks weighing up to 3.5 tons;
N2 - vehicles weighing from 3.5 to 12 tons;
N3 - Vehicle with a mass of more than 12 tons.

Vehicle classification according to the European Convention

In 1968, Austria adopted the Convention on road traffic... The classification provided in this document is used to denote the different categories of transport.

Types of vehicles under the Convention

It includes several categories:

A - these are motorcycles and other two-wheeled motorized vehicles;
B - cars weighing up to 3500 kg and no more than eight seats;
С - all vehicles, except those that belong to category D. The mass must be more than 3500 kg;
D - passenger transport with more than 8 seats;
E - freight transport, tractors.

Category E allows drivers to drive road trains, which consist of a tractor. Also, it can include any vehicles of classification B, C, D. These vehicles can operate as part of a road train. This category is assigned to drivers along with other categories, and it is put when registering a car in a vehicle certificate.

Informal European classification

In addition to the official classification, there is also an unofficial one, which is widely used. It is quite popular among vehicle owners. Here you can distinguish categories depending on the design of vehicles: A, B, C, D, E, F. Basically, this classification is used in reviews automotive journalists for comparison and evaluation.

Class A contains small cars of low cost. F are the most expensive, very powerful and prestigious car brands. In between are classes of other types of machines. There is no clear framework here. This is a great variety of different passenger cars.

With the development of the auto industry, new cars are constantly being produced, which subsequently occupy their niches. With new developments, the classification is constantly expanding. It often happens that different models can occupy the boundaries of several classes, thereby forming a new class.

A striking example of this phenomenon is the parquet SUV. It is designed for paved roads.

VIN codes

In fact, this is a unique vehicle number. In such a code, all information about the origin, manufacturer and technical characteristics one model or another. Numbers can be found on many one-piece units and assemblies of machines. They are mainly found on the body, chassis elements or special nameplates.

Those who developed and implemented these numbers introduced the simplest and most reliable method that greatly facilitates the process of car classification. This number allows you to at least slightly protect cars from theft.

The code itself is not a jumble of letters and numbers. Each sign carries certain information. The cipher suite is not very large, each code has 17 characters. These are mainly letters of the Latin alphabet and numbers. This cipher provides a position for a special check number, which is calculated based on the code itself.

The process of calculating the control number is a powerful enough protection against broken numbers. It is not difficult to destroy the numbers. But making such a number so that it falls under the control number is a separate and rather difficult task.

In conclusion, I would like to add that all self-respecting car manufacturers use general rules to calculate the check digit. However, manufacturers from Russia, Japan and Korea do not adhere to such protection methods. By the way, this code is easy to find original spare parts to this or that model.

So, we found out what types of vehicles are, and considered their detailed classification.

VIN-code - what is it for?

International standard ISO 3779, which describes the format of the VIN-code (Vehicle Identification Number) of a vehicle, not only makes it easy to classify and identify a vehicle, but also serves reliable protection from theft and theft. TS.

For the first time, the VIN code was used in 1977 by Canadian and American car manufacturers. The VIN-code consists of letters and numbers, the combination of which cannot be altered, since the algorithm for calculating the check number is used when creating the code, by which you can check the car for theft. Therefore, criminals on stolen cars are more likely to change the VIN-code to other valid VIN-codes (for documents of recycled cars or openly breed "clones").

Why do you need to know what a VIN code is?

The fact is that the main purpose of the wine code is to identify the car. It is thanks to the unique structure of the code and the presence of the verification number that the risk of acquiring a stolen car can be reduced. And the more reliable the VIN-code is "fixed" on the car, the more plates (nameplates) with the VIN-code on the car, the more difficult it is for attackers to change the native VIN-code of a car to someone else's.

Vehicle marking

Marking of vehicles (TC) is subdivided into primary and additional. The main marking of the vehicle and their component parts is mandatory and carried out by their manufacturers. In the case of the manufacture of a vehicle sequentially by several enterprises, it is permissible to apply the main marking of the vehicle only by the manufacturer of the final product. Additional vehicle marking is recommended and carried out by both vehicle manufacturers and specialized enterprises. The development and control of the procedure for applying the main and additional marking of the vehicle is assigned to the relevant ministries of those countries on the territory of which the vehicle is produced.

Main marking

The vehicle identification number - VIN must be applied directly to the product (non-removable part), in places least susceptible to destruction in a road traffic accident. One of the selected places should be on the right side (in the direction of the vehicle). VIN is applied: - on the body of a passenger car - in two places, in the front and rear; - on the body of the bus - in two different places; - on the trolleybus body - in one place; - on the cab of a truck and a forklift - in one place; - on the frame of a trailer, semi-trailer and motor vehicle - in one place; - on off-road vehicles, trolleybuses and forklift trucks, VIN is allowed to be indicated on a separate plate.
The vehicle, as a rule, must have a plate located in the front, if possible, and containing the following data: - VIN; - index (model, modification, performance) of the engine (with a working volume of 125 cm3 and more); - permissible total weight; - permissible total mass of the road train (for tractors); - permissible mass per axle / axles of bogies, starting from the front axle; - permissible weight per fifth wheel coupling.

VIN has the following structure: WMI (3 characters) + VDS (6 characters) + VIS (8 characters)

The first part of the VIN (first three characters) - international manufacturer identification code (WMI), allows to identify the vehicle manufacturer and consists of three letters or letters and numbers.

First sign (geographic area code) is a letter or number that designates a specific geographic area. For example: 1 to 5 - North America; from S to Z - Europe; from A to H - Africa; J to R - Asia; 6.7 - Countries of Oceania; 8.9.0 - South America.

Second sign (country code) is a letter or number that designates a country in a specific geographic area. If necessary, several characters may be used to indicate a country. Only the combination of the first and second characters guarantees unique identification of the country. For example: from 10 to 19 - USA; from 1A to 1Z - USA; from 2A to 2W - Canada; from 3A to 3W - Mexico; from W0 to W9 - Germany, Federal Republic; from WA to WZ - Germany, Federal Republic.

Third sign is the letter or number assigned to the manufacturer by the National Organization. In Russia, such an organization is the Central Research Automotive and Automotive Institute (NAMI), located at: Russia, 125438, Moscow, st. Avtomotornaya, house 2, which assigns WMI as a whole. Only the combination of the first, second and third characters provides a unique identification of the vehicle manufacturer - the International Manufacturer's Identification (WMI). The number 9 as the third digit is used by National Organizations when it is necessary to characterize a manufacturer that produces less than 500 vehicles per year. Manufacturing International (WMI) codes are listed in Appendix 2.

Several WMIs can be assigned to a manufacturer, but it is prohibited to assign the same number to another car manufacturer for at least 30 years from the moment it was first used by the previous (first) manufacturer.

Content and location of additional marking

Additional vehicle marking is often called anti-theft, since its main purpose is to exclude the possibility of complete loss of the vehicle identification number - VIN under any operating conditions of the vehicle for 30 years. The main marking of the vehicle must ensure the identification of the vehicle (preservation of the VIN) during normal (normal) vehicle operation and extreme, which is considered a road traffic accident of any degree of consequence. The methods and the limited number of places for applying the main marking on the vehicle allow attackers, in artisanal conditions, to relatively effectively carry out fraudulent actions with the vehicle, which is practically impossible both technically and economically impractical in the presence of additional vehicle marking.

Additional marking of the vehicle provides for the application of the VDS and VIS identification number of the vehicle, visible and invisible to the eye (visible and invisible marking).

Visible markings are applied on the outer surface, as a rule, of the following vehicle components: - windshield glass - on the right side, along the upper edge of the glass, at a distance of about 20 mm from the seal; - rear window glass - on the left side, along the lower edge of the glass, at a distance of about 20 mm from the seal; - glass side windows (movable) - in the back, along the lower edge of the glass, at a distance of about 20 mm from the seal; - headlights and taillights - on the glass (or rim), along the lower edge, near the sides of the body (cab).

Invisible markings are applied, as a rule, on: - roof lining - in the central part, at a distance of about 20 mm from the windscreen glass seal; - upholstery of the backrest of the driver's seat - on the left (in the direction of travel of the vehicle) side surface, in the middle part, along the backrest frame; - the surface of the housing of the direction indicator switch along the axis of the steering column.

Technical requirements for marking

Method of execution main and additional visible markings must ensure the clarity of the image and its safety during the entire service life of the vehicle under the conditions and modes established in the design documentation.

In the identification numbers of the vehicle and the midpoint, the letters of the Latin alphabet (except for I, O and Q) and Arabic numerals should be used.

The company chooses the font of the letters from the types of fonts established in the regulatory documents, taking into account the adopted technological process.

The font of numbers should exclude the possibility of deliberate substitution of one number for another.

The identification numbers of the vehicle and the midrange, as well as additional marking signs must be displayed in one or two lines.

There should be no spaces between characters and lines of the identification number. The division of the component parts of the identification number by the selected sign is allowed.

Note. When giving the identification number in text documents, it is allowed not to put down the selected sign.

When performing the main marking, the height of letters and numbers must be at least:

a) in the identification numbers of the vehicle and midrange: 7 mm - when applied directly to the vehicle and their components, while 5 mm is allowed - for engines and their blocks; 4 mm - when applied directly to motor vehicles; 4 mm - when applied to plates;

b) in the rest of the marking data - 2.5 mm.

The identification number of the main marking should be applied to surfaces that have traces of mechanical processing provided for by the technological process. The plates must comply with the requirements of GOST 12969, GOST 12970, GOST 12971 and be attached to the product using, as a rule, one-piece connection.

Additional invisible markings is carried out using a special technology and becomes visible in the light of ultraviolet rays. When marking, the structure of the material on which it is applied must not be disturbed.

Destruction and (or) change of marking during repair of the vehicle and their components is not allowed.