The first question that arises for a person who is interested in electric vehicles: "How to charge them?" Tesla Model S is considered the first among them that is worthy of respect. The answer will be based on it.
The original article and photos were taken from auto.onliner.by
Everyone knows physics within the school curriculum, which means they remember what it is: an ammeter, a voltmeter and kilowatts.
The battery capacity used in electric vehicles is measured in kilowatt-hours. For the model under consideration, this value is 85 kW / h. This means that the battery can theoretically deliver 85 kW for an hour, or one kilowatt for 85 hours. This is provided that there is no loss. In reality, of course, they are available, since the charging speed is not always the same.
Power, i.e. watt is voltage (volts) times current (amps). To better understand the difference between voltage and current, an analogy with water can be used. The current strength can be compared with the diameter of the pipe from which water flows under pressure (voltage). When pumping water through a narrow pipe, but under a high pressure, as well as when pumping it through a wide pipe, but running under a small pressure, you can pump the same volume of this liquid (kilowatt-hour). Only in the second case, the filling process will take place quickly, and in the first it will be longer. Continuing to compare further, we get that for high voltage reliable insulation is required (in the case of water, a thick pipe wall), and for a large current strength, a cross section (pipe diameter).
The most common household European sockets have the following parameters: current strength -16A or less, and voltage - 220V. If these two quantities are multiplied, we get maximum powerequal to 3520W, or almost 3.5 kW.
Three-phase sockets are no less common in production (less often in everyday life). They have the same 220 watts in each phase, which gives an interphase voltage of 380V. Their current strength, as a rule, is also 16A. Multiplying these three values \u200b\u200b(taking into account three phases), we get a power of 10.5 kW (220x16x3). Such a socket in the European version has five, located in a circle of contacts. Its color is red, which is why it is often called “red rosette”.
There are also "blue sockets" - single-phase (32A), but we practically do not find them.
Another nuance: the battery is charged with a constant current, and an alternating current flows in the network, so it must be "straightened". The charger is used for this, just like when charging mobile phone or laptop, digital camera, etc. The only difference is that this device is installed for charging inside the electric car.
For the Model S of the basic configuration, it is one, and its power is 11 kW. At the request of the client, the second is installed. In this case, the power is doubled. In addition, the car comes with a Mobile Connector, which resembles a charger, but is actually a "smart" connecting cable.
For the German market, two adapters are provided, which are also included. One of them allows you to charge an electric car from a regular outlet, the other - from a "red" one. For American customers, a set of single-phase outlets is included different power... For "American women" the main limitation is the inability to charge the car from a three-phase socket.
Mobile Connector
For cars supplied to Europe, a unified standard was adopted in 2009, according to which electric vehicles must have a Mennekes Type 2 connector for charging. Today it is used in the BMW i3. Renault Zoe, and now also in Model S. Its advantage is that it is possible to work with current, both alternating and direct, with a single- and three-phase network. And it is also much safer than traditional connections, since the transfer of energy can begin only after it is completely connected to the car and "an agreement has been reached" between the latter and the cable about the type of electric current and the required charging power. In a car intended for the American market, a more compact unique connector of the actual design will be installed, but it does not allow the use of three-phase current.
The first charge is at the car wash!
Having learned all about sockets and cables, you can proceed to the actual charging. The first refueling can be done (at least in Belarus) right at the car wash of the Peugeot auto center, where there is a “red outlet” and understanding of the employees.
For this, the Mobile Connector is inserted into the socket, then the indicator turns green. At the opposite end of the cable there is a handle with a button, as well as a Type 2 connector. Press this button so that from the driver's side in taillight the door where the connector is connected has opened automatically. We insert it - charging has begun, as evidenced by three blinking LEDs in the headlight. In the salon, on the monitor, you can get information about the current strength (230V in our case). The protection will monitor the overload of the network: if a voltage drop is noted with increasing power, or its fluctuation, then the current will be automatically limited.
For new wiring, the time to reach 16A is short. Upon reaching them, the battery starts charging at a power of 11 kW. Charging the battery by ¼ will take as little as two hours. For full charge it takes 8 hours from this outlet.
The illumination is turned off if the car is closed during charging, due to the fact that the Mobile Connector is blocked in the connector. It's very good when you don't need to attract attention.
Carrying out tests on a car, after driving around the city, they checked the charging speed. This was done in the garage using an ordinary (household) socket. Mobile Connector suddenly blinked red. And this indicates the absence of grounding, without which there will be no charging. In our country, by the way, electricians do not take this important factor seriously, therefore, more often household sockets are “grounded”, which does not allow charging an electric car. But, even if the outlet is “OK”, the charging time from it is much longer than from the “red” outlet, since its maximum power is only 3kW. The car cannot be useful for more than thirty hours, because that is how long it will take to fully charge.
As mentioned, one charger is installed in the car, but if you install a second one right at the factory, you can double the maximum charge power, i.e. up to 22 kW. Additionally, you will need to install a High Power Wall Connector device, similar to the stationary Mobile Connector.
HPWC serves as the only alternative for Americans, while in Europe there is another, with the appropriate cable and Type 2 connector. Unfortunately, the third party cable does not allow opening in automatic mode charging door, and you will have to open it using a mobile and appropriate application or from a central monitor. But there is an opportunity to charge for four hours.
The real problem is rather the allocation of appropriate power when charging at 22 kW. If there is no opportunity to get 22kW in the parking lot, then there is no point in installing a second charger. It is recommended to purchase a second Mobile Connector in order to use it as a stationary in the garage
Do cities need electric charging stations?
All experts are unanimous in the opinion that tesla owners no gas stations are needed in the city. Why? Yes, everything is simple: the range of a car is about 350 km (even at minus twenty, this is at least 200 km), i.e. more than enough for a day's run. And at night the car is put on charge in its own garage (similar to how we do it with mobile phones). In the morning he has " full tank»And ready to go. It is desirable, of course, at home to have a "red" socket, so that even in winter period have a guaranteed full charge.
If there is no garage or there is still no “red” socket at home, or there is no grounding in the Euro socket, you can drive a thousand kilometers in the “parking at home” mode, using “handy” “red sockets” (at a car wash, in services, etc. .). But, every time after refueling, you will have to clean it from dirt and dust before putting the cable in the trunk. But even more unpleasant is the long idle time waiting for the "filling" of the battery. You can, of course, not fully charge the Model S, since the battery has no memory effect. But, it will not recharge if it remains connected to the outlet for a long time. According to the manufacturer's recommendations, it should be kept recharged at a time when it is not being driven, which is especially important in cold weather. This will allow the battery to warm up, like the interior of the car, by remotely turning on the climate control. Another plus of this recommendation is that over time the driver gets his own map of impromptu "electric filling stations", since the map automatically marks all the places where the car has ever been refueled.
One more question often worries drivers: "Is it possible to" throw off "the extension cord from the apartment?" The answer is "No!" First of all, it is very dangerous in bad weather. Secondly, it will be disastrously long. Therefore, in the place of permanent parking, the installation of a three-phase outlet is the first necessity. And it's better to take care of her in advance.
To do this, a project is needed, which must be agreed upon in the relevant authorities, after which you can start laying the cable (possibly installing an additional electricity meter). You can entrust the work to the appropriate organizations. But the electric car is worth it, and when you, having become its owner, feel all the delights of innovative transport, you will understand that all the preparatory difficulties were worth it.
Well, bigger signs on "A-100", calling for refueling electric cars here - these are only the whims of the owners of the gas station. The staff, on the other hand, has no idea how to use it, it turned out in an interview with workers.
An attempt to contact the authorities during testing ended with the phrase that it was intended "for official use!"
Therefore, one can only speak of A-100 filling as an incorrect marketing move. But only!
Perfect option - if there is a gas station for everyday driving in the city. But for long-distance travel in Eastern Europe, this is a big problem today. You can still get to Vilnius if you agree with the owners of the "red" outlet about refueling at night. It is impossible to get to Moscow due to the lack of a network of gas stations on the highway. In Europe and the USA, these are easier. It has its own network, called a Supercharger, where Tesla can be charged, depending on the version, with direct current with a power of 90-135 kVi and a voltage of 400 V. They will soon launch 150 kW stations there. Tesla drivers can use them for free and without restrictions. A full charge is carried out on them within twenty minutes.
In the ambitious plans of the company, the further development of Supercharger in these countries, but no information has yet been announced regarding Eastern Europe.
North America: Existing Supercharger Network
North American filling stations planned for 2015
Europe: Superchargers
By 2015, plans to develop a network of filling stations in Europe
Another versatile option is the Chademo network - the same idea, but not free. With the help of a special conductor, Tesla is refueled, but at a maximum power of 50 kW. Disadvantage: big size connector that is less convenient than Type.
For Europe the best option would be the development of stations that allow charging the car through the Type 2 connector using d.C.... But, there are no such solutions from third-party organizations yet.
How much does a full refuel cost?
The tests carried out indicate that 250 W / h is consumed per kilometer of track, i.e. 25 kW / h per hundred kilometers. But, it must be borne in mind that the efficiency charger is not 100%, and the battery in normal mode "fills" only 90% in order to be able to use reproductive braking and also to extend the battery life.
It turns out. That in order to charge an 85 kW / h Tesla battery, you need 100 kW / h and 90 kW / h if it is filled to 90%. Considering the real cruising range - 300 km, we have 30kVi / h for every hundred kilometers.
With an electricity tariff for ordinary individuals, but taking into account that it will be more than 150 kW (i.e. 917 rubles), we get: in rubles for every hundred kilometers traveled, it will cost 27,510 rubles. But, at the same time, you are driving a car with 412 hp under the hood, and acceleration to one hundred kilometers takes 4.4 seconds!
It is also very convenient that you can track the status of the car, control its central locking, know the location, use the climate control system and, most importantly, control the charging progress using mobile application Android and iOS.
To summarize, here are some things to remember:
- To charge from an ordinary euro socket, lasting a day, grounding is required.
- For comfortable operation in the parking lot and in the garage, you need a “red2” socket, from which you can fully charge in eight hours.
- When choosing between buying a second charger and a Mobile Connector, the second option will be preferable, which can be used as a stationary one.
- It is very inconvenient to use Tesla if there is no permanent place with an electrical outlet.
- Long-distance trips on highways that are not equipped with special gas stations are extremely difficult.
- American model Model S cannot be charged from a three-phase outlet.
- At least three dollars must be paid for the electricity required to cover one hundred kilometers.
Despite all the difficulties so far, an electric car is worth buying, because it gives an unprecedented driving experience!
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In the picture below, an invention that will forever change the global automotive industry, and possibly the whole world. Unique high-speed gas stations, which are very actively built by a California company TESLA Motors worldwide quickly and safely charge modern cars absolutely is free... Yesterday no one could believe it. Today, one such gas station is quietly working not far from home. How does it work?
02. Let's start with the fact that this is not an ordinary electric car charger. TESLA Supercharger - these are superfast charging stations, which are created for TESLA Model S cars, as well as the TESLA Model X SUV, which is going on sale in 2015. It is possible that the stations will also charge the budget TESLA 3, which is expected on the market in 2017 for a price of $ 35,000. located in the parking lot of a large shopping center, that is, the car is charging at the moment when the owner went shopping. 
03. Over the past 2 years, all over the world of TESLA Motors has already opened 453 such filling stations, with a total of more than 2500 terminals (dispensers). So what is the difference from traditional filling stations for electric cars, which are located everywhere in California? 
04. There are two main differences. Believe it or not, SUPERCHARGER charging is absolutely free throughout the life of your TESLA Model S. A few years ago potential buyers and the owners who charged their TESLA at home with chargers asked a reasonable question: how do you go on a long journey in a TESLA car? 
05. Then, to solve this problem, the owner and founder of the company Elon Musk announced the start of building a global network of free high-speed gas stations, which will be located along all major highways, at a distance of at least 80% of the charge from each other, and kept his word. Already today, TESLA can travel across America. By the way, the most expensive version has a maximum cruising range of 410 kilometers. The car accelerates to 100 km / h in 3 seconds. For daily use, it is of course easier to charge your car at home at night when electricity is much cheaper. The charge will be full every morning, although most users will have enough charge for several days. 
06. The second feature of TESLA Supercharger is its charging speed, which is up to 16 times faster than traditional electric vehicle stations and conventional home chargers. According to the manufacturer, this cable delivers up to 120 kW and supplies current directly to the battery, instead of the traditional charging circuit. 
07. It takes about 20 minutes to charge the battery halfway. 
08. The owner of this car said that he often comes to this mall, where the TESLA Supercharger is installed, as electricity is free and his car is fully charged while he goes shopping or drinking coffee. 
09. According to him, 100% charge can be obtained in less than an hour and a half, while his home charger allows you to fully charge the car in 8 hours, that is, overnight. Note that SUPERCHARGER cannot be purchased at home. For home, only standard portable chargers are intended. Below on dashboard it can be seen that on the current charge the car can already travel about 190 miles (300 km), and there are still 50 minutes left until the end of the process. 
10. To date, TESLA has sold over 70,000 of these premium cars... It's so much that on some sUPERCHARGER stations queues constantly appear. In this regard, the company even began to ask the owners to use the stations only during long journeys (as it was actually intended), and at normal times to charge cars at home. The largest sales market is of course the USA (43,000 units). In 2013, in the USA, TESLA sold 18 000
cars and significantly surpassed the sales of all luxury classmates (Mercedes S Class ( 13 303 pcs.), BMW 7 Series ( 10 932 pcs.), Lexus LS ( 10 727 pcs.), Audi A8 ( 6300 pcs.), Porshe Panamera ( 5421 pcs.). TO the largest market outside America is the northern country of Norway, here TESLA S has generally become the best-selling car in the history of the country, surpassing even the budget Volkswagen Golf in sales.
Against the background of this technology, traditional cars look completely archaic. One day, in an interview with New Yorker magazine, General Motors vice president Robert Lutz said: “All the smart people here at GM kept saying that you have to wait at least ten years for the perfect lithium-ion battery. And Toyota engineers agreed with us. And then - "BOOM", out of nowhere appeared TESLA. And I asked everyone then - why a microscopic California start-up, led by guys who do not know anything about car business was able to do it, and we were not? It was like a crowbar that helped push through a long-held idea. "
There is very little time left until the release of TESLA 3, which costs $ 35,000. When do you think they will appear in your city free gas stations SUPERCHARGER? Or maybe they have already appeared? Then share your experience. Anyway, buy such a car for $ 35,000?
UPD (6/07/2015):During the second quarter of 2015, Tesla Motors sold 11,507 Model S sedans, a record for the company. During the same period a year earlier, the company sold 7,579 car Model S. That is, this is a 52% increase in sales.
All photos and text: CALIFORNISTA... When reprinting material and photos, a link to this blog is required.
In the picture below, an invention that will forever change the global automotive industry, and possibly the whole world. Unique high-speed gas stations, which are very actively built by the Californian tESLA company Motors around the world charge modern cars quickly and safely, absolutely free of charge.
Yesterday no one could believe it. Today, one such gas station is quietly working not far from home. How does it work?
Let's start with the fact that this is not an ordinary electric car charger. TESLA Supercharger is an ultra-fast charging station designed for TESLA Model S cars, as well as the TESLA Model S SUV, which is going on sale in 2015, and the budget TESLA 3, which is expected on the market in 2017 at a price of $ 35,000, will also be charged.
Over the past 2 years, TESLA Motors has already opened 453 such filling stations around the world, with a total of more than 2500 terminals (dispensers). So, what is the difference from traditional filling stations for electric cars, which are located everywhere in California?
There are two main differences. Believe it or not, charging at the SUPERCHARGER is absolutely free throughout the life of the TESLA Model S. Several years ago, potential buyers and owners who charged their TESLA at home using chargers asked a reasonable question: how to drive a TESLA car for a long time journey?
Then the owner and founder of the company announced the start of building a global network of free high-speed gas stations, which will be located along all major highways, at a distance of at least 80% of the charge from each other, and he kept his word. Already today, TESLA can travel across America.
The second feature of the TESLA Supercharger is its charging speed, which is up to 16 times faster than traditional electric vehicle stations. According to the manufacturer, this cable delivers up to 120 kW and supplies current directly to the battery, instead of the traditional charging circuit.
It takes about 20 minutes to charge the battery in half.
The owner of this car said that he often comes to this mall, where the TESLA Supercharger is installed, since electricity is free and his car is fully charged while he goes shopping or drinking coffee.
According to him, 100% charge can be obtained in less than an hour and a half, while his home charger allows you to fully charge the car in 8 hours, that is, overnight. Note that SUPERCHARGER cannot be purchased at home. For home, only standard portable chargers are intended. Below on the dashboard you can see that on the current charge the car can already travel about 190 miles (300 km), and there are still 50 minutes left until the end of the process.
TESLA has sold over 70,000 vehicles worldwide so far. This is so much that there are always queues at SUPERCHARGER stations. In this regard, the company even began asking owners to use the stations only during long trips, and to charge cars at home during normal times. The largest market for sale is of course the USA (43,000 units), and the largest market outside America is the northern country of Norway, where 7,500 cars are already running. In September 2013, the TESLA model S even became the best-selling car in this country among all brands in general. This is the first time this has happened with electric vehicles. In 2013, in the USA, TESLA sold 18,000 cars and bypassed all traditional luxury brands: Mercedes S Class (13,303 units), BMW 7 Series (10,932 units), Lexus LS (10,727 units), Audi A8 (6300 units), Porshe Panamera (5421 units).
In contact with
In the truest sense of the word, they were able to turn an entire industry upside down. Instead of gasoline, you can now drive on electricity. But until recently, the lack of infrastructure within the country stopped the purchase of an electric car for a Russian consumer. According to Autostat, as of January 1, 2016, only 152 Tesla vehicles were registered in Russia.
Tesla promised two weeks ago petrol stations for their cars in Russia by the end of the year. And the company keeps its promise.
Electric refueling station opened in the Skolkovo golf club near Moscow Tesla supercharge... This is the first gas station companies in the country, which started its work a few days ago.
The approximate location of the Tesla Supercharge stations being prepared for construction by the end of this year is as follows:
The charger's capabilities look impressive. In just 75 minutes Supercharge can charge tesla battery Model S up to the capacity, which is enough to overcome 450-500 kilometers (depending on the configuration of the electric car). A quick thirty-minute recharge will allow you to travel freely up to 270 kilometers. For comparison, a conventional electrical network has 10 times less performance.
A confident start to the construction of a whole network of gas stations has been laid, and with the release of the "budget" version, announced in early April, the world of electric cars no longer seems so ghostly and inaccessible.
