Today, many novice drivers, and even motorists with experience, choose a car for themselves with.Beginners, as a rule, are often afraid of the very need to change gears while driving, but experienced drivers just appreciated the possibilities of calm and measured movement in a car equipped with an automatic transmission. But when a newbie buys his own car, he often does not know how to properly operate the "automatic". Unfortunately, this is not taught in driving schools, and traffic safety and the resource of the gearbox mechanisms depend on this. Let's see how you need to operate the automatic transmission so as not to have problems with it in the future.
Types of automatic gearboxes
Before talking about how to drive an automatic transmission, it is necessary to consider the types of units that manufacturers equip modern cars with. How to use it depends on what type this or that box belongs to.
Torque converter gearbox
This is probably the most popular and classic solution. Most of all cars that are produced today are equipped with torque converter models. It was with this design that the advancement of the automatic transmission to the masses began.
It must be said that the torque converter itself is not actually part of the shift mechanism. Its function is a clutch on the "automatic" box, that is, the torque converter transmits torque from the engine to the wheels in the process of starting the car.
The engine and the mechanism of the "automatic machine" do not have rigid connections with each other. Rotational energy is transmitted using a special gear oil - it constantly circulates in a closed circle under high pressure... This arrangement allows the engine to run in gear when the machine is stationary.
Responsible for switching, or rather, the valve body, but this is a common case. In modern models, the operating modes are determined by electronics. So, the gearbox can work in standard, sports or economy mode.
The mechanical part of such boxes is reliable and quite amenable to repair. The valve body is a weak point. If its valves are not working properly, then the driver will face unpleasant effects. But in the event of a breakdown, there are automatic transmission parts in stores, although the repair itself will be quite expensive.
As for the driving characteristics of cars equipped with torque converter gearboxes, they depend on the electronics settings - these are the automatic transmission speed sensor and other sensors, and as a result of these readings, a command is sent to switch at the right time.
Previously, such gearboxes were offered with only four gears. Modern models have 5, 6, 7 and even 8 gears. According to the manufacturers, the higher number of gears contributes to improved driving dynamics, smoother driving and shifting and fuel economy.
Stepless variator
By outward signs this technical solution does not differ from the traditional “automatic machine”, but the principle of operation here is completely different. There are no gears here, and the system does not shift them. Gear ratios change constantly and without interruption - it does not depend on whether the speed decreases or the engine spins up. These boxes provide maximum smoothness for the driver.
Another plus for which CVTs are so fond of drivers is the speed of work. This transmission does not waste time on the shifting process - if you need to pick up speed, it will immediately be at the most effective torque to give the car acceleration.
Automatic how to use
Consider the operating modes and operating rules for conventional traditional hydrotransformer automatic machines. They are installed on most vehicles.
Main modes of automatic transmission
To determine the basic rules of operation, you must first understand the modes of operation that these mechanisms offer.
For all cars with automatic transmission, without exception, the following modes are required - these are "P", "R", "D", "N". And so that the driver can select the desired mode, the box is equipped with a range selector lever. In appearance, it practically does not differ from the selector. The difference is that the process of changing gears is carried out in a straight line.
The modes are displayed on the control panel - this is very convenient, especially for novice drivers. While driving, there is no need to distract from the road and lower your head to see which gear the car is driving in.
Mode automatic box"P" - In this mode, all elements of the car will be turned off. It is worth going into it only during long stops or parking. Also, the motor is started from this mode.
"R" - reverse gear. When this mode is selected, the car will drive in reverse. Turn on reverse gear recommended only after the machine has completely stopped; It is also important to remember: the rear is only activated when the brake is fully depressed. Any other algorithm of actions can cause significant damage to the transmission and motor. This is very important for all those with an automatic transmission. How to use it correctly, experts and experienced drivers advise. Pay close attention to these tips, they will help a lot.
"N" - neutral, or neutral gear. In this position, the motor no longer transmits torque to undercarriage and works in the mode idle move... It is recommended to use this transmission for short stops only. Also, do not include the box in the neutral position when driving. Some professionals advise towing a car in this mode. When the automatic transmission is in neutral, the engine is prohibited from starting.
Modes of movement of automatic transmission
"D" - driving mode. When the box is in this position, the car moves forward. In this case, the gears are switched alternately in the process of pressing the gas pedal by the driver.
An automatic car can have 4, 5, 6, 7 and even 8 gears. The range selection lever on such cars can have several options for moving forward - these are "D3", "D2", "D1". Designations can also be without a letter. These numbers indicate the available top gear.
In D3 mode, the driver can use the first three gears. In these positions, it is much more effective to brake than in the normal "D". This mode is recommended to use when it is simply impossible to drive without braking. This transmission is also effective for frequent descents or ascents.
"D2" is, respectively, only the first two gears. The box is moved to this position at speeds up to 50 km / h. This mode is often used in difficult conditions- it can be a forest road or a mountain serpentine. In this position, the motor braking capability is maximized. Also, you need to transfer the box to "D2" in traffic jams.
"D1" is only the first gear. In this position, the automatic transmission is used if the car is difficult to accelerate above 25 km / h. Important advice for those who have an automatic transmission (how to use all its capabilities): do not turn on this mode at high speeds, otherwise there will be a skid.
"0D" - increased row. This is the extreme position. It should be used if the car has already reached a speed of 75 to 110 km / h. It is recommended to leave the gear when the speed has dropped to 70 km / h. This mode can significantly reduce fuel consumption on motorways.
You can turn on all these modes in any order while driving. Now you can only look at the speedometer, and the tachometer is no longer needed.
Additional modes
Most gearboxes also have auxiliary modes of operation. This is a normal mode, sporty, overdrive, winter and economy.
Normal mode is used under normal conditions. Economical allows you to achieve a smooth and quiet ride... In sports mode, the electronics use the motor to the maximum - the driver gets everything the car is capable of, but you will have to forget about the savings. Winter mode designed for use in slippery surfaces. The car starts off not from the first, but from the second or even from the third gear.
These settings are often activated using separate buttons or switches. It must also be said that, despite all the advantages for drivers that an automatic transmission provides, drivers want to drive a car. There is nothing better than that how to change gears in your car. To solve this problem, the engineers of the Porsche concern created the operating mode of the automatic transmission "Tiptronic". This is an imitation of handmade box. It allows you to manually up or down a gear as needed.
Automatic how to drive
In the process of starting the car from a place, as well as when changing the direction of movement, the operating mode of the box is switched when the brake is pressed. When changing the direction of travel, you should also not temporarily set the box to neutral.
If you need to stop at a traffic light, or in case of traffic jams, do not set the selector to neutral. It is also not advised to do this on the slopes. If the car slips, then you do not need to put too much pressure on the gas - this is harmful. It is better to engage low gears and use the brake pedal to let the wheels turn slowly.
The rest of the subtleties of working with automatic transmission can only be comprehended with driving experience.
Operating rules
The first step is to press the brake pedal. Then the selector is switched to driving mode. Then you should release the parking one; it should go down smoothly - the car will start moving. All switching and manipulations with the automatic transmission are done through the brake with the right foot.
To slow down, it is best to release the accelerator pedal - all gears will shift automatically.
The basic rule is no sudden acceleration, sudden braking, any sudden movements. This leads to wear and an increase in the distance between them. This can then lead to the fact that there are unpleasant jolts when switching the automatic transmission.
Some professionals advise giving the box a rest. For example, when parking, you can let the car roll at idle, without gas. Only then can you press on the accelerator.
Automatic gearbox: what not to do
It is strictly forbidden to give a load to an unheated machine. Even if the air temperature is above zero, the first kilometers are best covered at low speeds - sharp accelerations and jerks are very harmful for the box. A novice driver should also remember that in order to fully warm up the automatic transmission, it takes more time than to warm up power unit.
The automatic transmission is not designed for off-road and extreme use. Many modern gearboxes with a classic design do not like wheel slip. The best way to drive in this case is to avoid a sharp increase in revs on bad roads. If the car is stuck, a shovel can help - don't overload the transmission.
Also, experts do not recommend overloading classic automatic transmissions with high loads - the mechanisms overheat and, as a result, wear out more and faster. Towing trailers and other cars is a speedy death for a machine gun.
In addition, you should not start cars equipped with automatic transmission from the "pusher". Although many motorists violate this rule, it should be remembered here that this will not pass without a trace for the mechanism.
You also need to remember about some features in switching. You can stay in the neutral position, provided that you hold the brake pedal. It is forbidden to turn off the power unit in the neutral position - this can only be done in the “Parking” position. It is forbidden to move the selector to the "Parking" or to the "R" position when driving.
Typical malfunctions
Among typical malfunctions experts highlight the breakdown of the wings, oil leaks, problems with the electronics and the valve body. Sometimes the tachometer does not work. Also, sometimes there are problems with the torque converter, the engine speed sensor does not work.
If, when using the box, there are any difficulties in moving the lever, then these are signs of problems with the selector. To solve it, you need to replace a part - automatic transmission parts are available in car stores.
Often many breakdowns occur due to oil leaks from the system. Often, automatic boxes leak from under the seals. The units on the overpass should be inspected more often, or inspection pit... If there are leaks, then this is a signal that urgent repair of the unit is needed. If you do everything on time, then the problem can be solved by replacing the oil and seals.
On some cars, it happens that the tachometer does not work. If the speedometer also stops, then the automatic transmission can go to emergency mode work. These problems are often very, very simple to solve. The malfunctions lie in a special sensor. If you replace it or clean its contacts, then everything returns to its place. It is necessary to check the automatic transmission speed sensor. It is located on the box body.
Also, motorists are faced with the incorrect operation of the automatic transmission due to problems in the electronics. Often, the control unit incorrectly reads the revolutions for switching. This may be due to the engine speed sensor. Repairing the unit itself is pointless, but replacing the sensor and loops will help.
The valve body often fails. For example, this can happen if the driver has misused the transmission. If the car does not warm up in winter, then the valve body is very vulnerable. Problems with the hydraulic unit are often accompanied by various vibrations; some users diagnose jolts when shifting the automatic transmission. In modern cars, the on-board computer will help to find out about this breakdown.
Automatic transmission operation in winter
Most breakdowns automatic transmission happen in winter period... This is due to the negative impact of low temperatures on the resources of the system and the fact that the wheels slip on the ice when starting off - this also does not have the best effect on the condition.
Before the onset of cold weather, the motorist must check the condition of the transmission fluid. If blotches of metal shavings are noticed in it, if the liquid has darkened and become cloudy, then it should be replaced. As for the general regulations for changing the oil and filters, for operation in our country it is recommended to do this every 30,000 km of the vehicle's run.
If the car is stuck, then you should not use the "D" mode. In this case, downshifting will help. If there are no lower ones, then the car is pulled back and forth. But don't overuse it.
To avoid skidding when downshifting on a slippery road, hold the accelerator pedal for front-wheel drive vehicles, and release the pedal for rear-wheel drive vehicles. It is better to use low gears before turning.
That's all there is to say about what an automatic transmission is, how to use it and what rules to follow. At first glance, it may seem that this is an extremely finicky mechanism with a small work resource. However, subject to all these rules, this unit will live the entire service life of the car and will delight its owner. Automatic gearboxes allow you to completely immerse yourself in the driving process without thinking about the selection correct transmission- the computer has already taken care of this. If you service the transmission on time and do not load it beyond its capabilities, it will bring only positive emotions in the process of using the car in various conditions.
Ease and comfort while driving modern car guaranteed by an automatic transmission. Unlike a manual transmission, "automatic" means absolutely excluding the participation of the driver in manual gear control, which will greatly facilitate the procedure for driving a car.
Automatic transmission greatly facilitates the procedure for driving a car, because it excludes the participation of the driver in manual gear control
The planetary mechanical transmission was at the heart of the birth of the automatic transmission. It was designed only for partial automation of the machine control process and full control over the situation on the road. To change gears, two foot pedals were used: one served as a switch from lower to higher gear, the second pedal was a lever rear movement... Still, the presence of synchronizers made driving a little easier.
American auto monopolists Reo and General Motors (GM) simultaneously proposed a variant of the semi-automatic method of changing gears. General Motors' developments relied on the hydraulic control of the planetary gear. The flaws of such a device led to unreliable and unsafe control, while a clutch was used to change gears.
The final stage in the finalization of the gearbox was Chrysler. The introduction of hydraulic mechanisms into the transmission of vehicles served as the creation of a fluid coupling - main feature gearboxes. The company's innovative invention consisted of a two-speed gearbox with the addition of an automatic overdrive. It looked like a semi-automatic Chrysler box with a hydraulic mechanism and overdrive.
How to drive a car in traffic jams
The presence of an automatic transmission greatly facilitates the driver's control process. But, the situations on the way are so different and it is necessary to learn how to use the “automatic machine” correctly so as not to create unfavorable or dangerous moments on the road.
The automatic transmission does not tolerate sudden jerks
Sometimes situations on the track involve towing a car. Cars equipped with automatic transmission can still be towed, but only with the engine turned on and the lever "N" mode. The towing speed should not exceed 50 km / h. At the same time, it is not worth towing the car over long distances. This should be no further than 50 km. Towing is not permitted in the event of a breakdown in the power unit. The transmission will fail and it will be quite expensive to repair it. Therefore, a vehicle with automatic transmission must be taken away using a tow truck.
Even if the motor is in good working order, towing vehicle with an "automatic" - an extreme measure when the situation is absolutely hopeless. Sometimes you need to start the car using towing. Such an extreme measure can be expensive, but sometimes the situations are insurmountable. For this, the lever is set to "N" mode and the ignition is started.
How to drive a car: video tutorial
By smoothly pressing the gas, the tug will be able to accelerate the car to 30-40 km / h. After establishing this speed, mode "2" is switched on and again "gas". After working out the engine, you need to switch the selector to the neutral position "N".
If the engine refuses to start, in order to prevent overheating of the transmission, it is necessary to turn off position "2" on the selector. The use of such techniques is dangerous enough to normal work automatic transmission, so they should only be used on very rare occasions.
Before getting behind the wheel of a car with an automatic transmission, you need to learn all the modes of the control lever, in what conditions they should be used. The video of driving on the machine describes these functions in some detail in order to prevent damage to the expensive transmission and not lead to the creation emergency on city roads.
How to learn to drive economically
In the face of rapidly rising fuel prices, many motorists are beginning to save money. Those who switch from gasoline to gas, some see a benefit in the purchase of electric cars, but you can just learn to drive a little more economically in your own car, without subjecting your technique to various tricks.
Among motorists, there is a fairly common myth of how to drive an automatic, while saving fuel - this is 5th gear and a speed of 50-60 km / h. Even schoolchildren know that with their own mass, energy is needed to accelerate a vehicle. And the more such a mass, the more energy is needed.
If the car moves for a long time at a constant speed, then fuel consumption is significantly reduced, but the force of air resistance has a very important role.
If the car moves for a long time at a constant speed, then fuel consumption is significantly reduced.
If, for example, a car doubles its speed, then the resistance increases up to eight times, since the resistance force is proportional to the square of the speed and has the opposite direction. That is, to support a car that has doubled its speed, it will take not twice as much energy, but eight times. It follows that the minimum speed in high gear is the most economical mode for the car to operate. The required speed in the highest gear can be completely different for each vehicle.
However, the opinion of experts and motorists on this issue is different. A low speed of around 55 km / h in high 4th or 5th gear can adversely affect the engine. Indeed, at low speeds, fuel consumption is significantly reduced, but the engine may fail. Therefore, it is important to correctly prioritize here: either saving on gasoline or on repairing the engine.
Taking into account the peculiarities of each car, you can learn how to brake smoothly with the use of the engine, and take turns with minimal losses in speed. Engine speed is also of great importance. By optimally loading the engine, low fuel consumption is achieved at about 2000 rpm.
For example, at a speed of 55 km / h at all passenger cars the average value of revolutions is 1400. In this case, the consumption of gasoline will be the least, but the parts in the mechanism may suffer significantly. Low fuel consumption will be achieved at 1800 rpm.
Each car has its own individual characteristics. The driver is obliged to pay attention to vibration and detonation of the engine while driving. For better savings, you need to go to downshift and then turn on the elevated one. Should not be turned on right away high gear as this could damage the engine. The minimum speed in 5th gear is most often provided for small cars.
If the car is equipped with a diesel or turbine engine, then it is better to familiarize yourself with all the characteristics in the instructions, since their operation differs significantly from standard gasoline engines. Experts believe that a clean radiator, clean spark plugs, a clean space under the hood and a cooling system are important in saving.
The highest figure in economy is driving style
The highest figure in economy is driving style. One of the tasks of a motorist is to learn how to brake smoothly, without jerking. It is necessary to adhere to the optimal constant speed and engine revolutions at an average of 2000 rpm. There can be no talk of any savings if technical condition the car is not at the best level.
Each driver should listen as much as possible to his car, to the work of the engine. The machine is intended for humans, not the other way around.
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For many drivers, an automatic car is a lifesaver. After all, learning to drive a "mechanic" is not so easy. But for all the prostate of the automatic transmission, it has its own operating rules that will allow the box to last a long time without major repairs.
Instructions
Automatic transmission requires more careful handling than "". This is due to the fact that in case of improper handling of the "mechanics" replacement will require, as a rule, only the clutch. But if "" breaks down, then the whole box will have to be changed or repaired. And this can cost the car owner a lot of money.
The convenience of the automatic transmission is, first of all, in the absence of the need to clutch and switch gears. In order to start moving, you need to squeeze the brake, move the box handle from position P (parking) to position D and release the brake. The car will start to move slowly, you just have to pick up speed with the gas pedal.
If you want to start moving backward, then from position P the handle must be moved to position R. Braking is carried out by pressing the pedal. As long as you keep the brake pedal depressed, the car will not move. As soon as you want to continue driving, the brake pedal must be released. If you want to stop for a long time, then you need to apply the brake to a full stop and move the transmission handle to the Parking position.
A significant disadvantage of the automatic transmission can be considered its some thoughtfulness with a car, especially with a low-power engine. Fans of fast driving, if they choose an automatic transmission, they try to take a box with a sport mode (tiptronik). But now common on many brands robotic box owners are not happy. She is very thoughtful, can fail in those cases when it is necessary to sharply pick up speed at. You need to get used to such a box. When you need to quickly pick up speed, and you step on the gas, you may feel that the car has somehow become thoughtful and the arrow has stopped. At this moment, you need to quickly release the gas and press again several times with forward movements.
Automatic transmission requires increased attention in the cold season. Always warm up the car well before driving - the oil in the box may freeze. If you get stuck, it is impossible to pull out the car "jogging". We'll have to use the help of others. On a slippery road, it is impossible to apply engine braking and work. But in general, the automatic transmission is indispensable in urban traffic jams and the adaptation period behind the wheel.
Related article
An automatic transmission (AKP) is easy to operate, does not require additional efforts while driving. Such a box independently switches speeds on uphill and downhill and determines the optimal driving mode in various situations.
Instructions
Before turning on any speed in the automatic transmission and starting to move, make sure that the engine is warmed up to a temperature of 50 degrees. The drop in speed characterizes the achievement of the required temperature by the motor.
To start moving, switch the control selector from P to D. This should produce a slight jolt, indicating the inclusion of the first speed. Release the brake pedal and gradually press the accelerator pedal. In this case, the car will move. As you drive, the speeds will shift fully automatically, both upward and downward when braking.
Many automatic transmission models have an overdrive button. Press it to turn on and off the highest overdrive gear (fourth or fifth). In this case, please note that on an unheated gasoline engine overdrive does not work, and on diesel engines it will turn on regardless of the temperature. Keep this button in the ON position under normal conditions. Shutdown warning light OFF indicates the inclusion of an overdrive gear or its readiness for operation. Deactivation of the overdrive button transfers the four-speed automatic transmission to the operating mode as a three-speed one.
On steep inclines and difficult-to-pass road sections, move the automatic transmission selector to position 1 or L. This will engage the gear 1 step lower than in normal driving. Also enable this mode on steep slopes.
When overtaking, when driving fast and if you need to quickly accelerate, fully press the accelerator pedal. The kick-down mode will turn on and the box will automatically switch to one lower speed, providing fast acceleration.
Use the selector with extreme caution while driving, especially on high speed... If the mode is turned on by mistake reverse The automatic transmission will certainly break
In winter, on snowy and slippery roads select 2 or 2L mode to reduce the chance of slipping and skidding. In this mode, the automatic transmission does not include two top gears.
For a short stop (at a traffic light, in a traffic jam), move the selector to position N and hold the car in place with the foot brake. In this case, it is not necessary to move the selector to the specified position. When stopping on an incline, use only the brake pedal.
After a complete stop, brake the car with the foot brake, move the selector to position P and apply the hand brake
To travel in reverse, shift the control selector from P to R (reverse). When you feel a slight jolt, release the brake pedal and start depressing the accelerator pedal. The vehicle will start to move in reverse.
To drive a car, it is not enough just to turn the steering wheel. You need to know how and at what moment to press one or another pedal, especially when it comes to a car with a manual transmission.
Instructions
Pay attention to the brake pedal. Basically, it is a pedal in a car. Undoubtedly, pedals are also important for a comfortable and smooth ride, but it is the brake pedal that is the last one between your car and the road accident.
Set the gearshift knob on the automatic gearbox when driving in normal mode to “D” and do not try to move it to other control modes unnecessarily. For example, while standing at a traffic light, do not put the car on “N” or “P”, this will not help save gasoline and will not make life easier for your steel horse. Try to keep both hands on the steering wheel.
If out of habit to "mechanics" you are trying to grab the gearshift knob, make it so that by touching, you understand that something is wrong. To do this, change the material from which the trim on the handle is made. If your previous car's handle was leather, wrap the real handle in fur or place an inflatable rubber ball over it.
Before you leave for, try first to practice or drive along the highway for a couple of tens of kilometers. This will help you better learn how to drive your new car. Having finally learned how to drive a car with an automatic transmission, you will truly appreciate all the advantages of your vehicle.
Car driving with Automatic transmission certainly more comfortable than its manual transmission counterpart. But in order for the automatic transmission to serve for a long time and reliably, it is necessary to follow certain rules and take into account some nuances.
Instructions
Before starting the engine, make sure that the selector is in position P or N. Attempting to start the engine with other positions of the lever in best case will cause the electronics to block the ignition; at worst - to the breakdown of the machine. In the cold season, immediately after starting, start switching the selector to all modes, lingering in each of them for 2-3 seconds, which will warm up the box. Then turn on D mode and hold for 2-3 minutes automobile brake without touching the gas pedal.
Get into the habit of stepping on the brake pedal before moving the selector from P or N to D. And only after a characteristic light and slower idle speed, release the brake and drive off, smoothly drowning the accelerator. Do not aim for a dynamic style until the gear oil has warmed up to working temperature.
If you're used to a manual car, resist the temptation to manually shift gears when accelerating or go to neutral when braking. Until you get used to it, keep your left foot away from the pedals so that, out of old habit, you don't press the brake instead of the clutch. In city mode, keep the selector in position D or 3, trying to use the overdrive OD as little as possible. When driving uphill and other difficult conditions, use range 2.
When moving the selector from one position to another on the move, never engage the P and R modes until the vehicle has come to a complete stop. The inclusion of the N mode while driving is allowed only when absolutely necessary, for example, when braking by the engine. If you accidentally switch to an unacceptable mode, immediately drop the speed to idle, and then move the selector back to position D. Try not to exceed the permissible engine speed.
In the presence of modes 3, 2 and 1, perform engine braking with their help. To do this, release the gas pedal and move the selector from position 3 to position 2. After reducing the speed to 50 km / h and below, switch to mode 1 using the same algorithm. Note that on vehicles with automatic transmission, the engine braking efficiency is much lower than in the case with manual transmission.
Use the same modes for fast overclocking. Move the selector from position D or 3 to position 2, following the revolutions on the tachometer. If you have a sport mode, turn it on. When the gas pedal is fully depressed, the box itself will go into kick-down mode, in which the gears will be later for the most efficient set of speed. Automatic exit from this mode is possible only when the engine reaches its maximum permissible rpm. To forcibly deactivate the kick-down mode, simply release the accelerator pedal. Please note that frequent use of this mode will reduce the resource of the automatic transmission.
Use kick-down or range 2 selector before cornering to decelerate and forcibly engage underspeed. On sequential automatic transmissions, manually lower the gear.
Always use the brakes during short stops. If during a stop the selector is switched to position P, it is not necessary to use the brake. However, if the machine is on a slope, be sure to engage the parking (hand) brake. In this case, first turn on the parking brake, and then - mode P. Turn the N range only on long parking lots, as well as in the heat to improve the cooling of the box.
Do not be afraid of short-term slippage on a slippery road. The box is worn out by prolonged slipping. Therefore, if you get stuck, rock the car, alternately switching from low mode 1 to R mode and vice versa. For driving with a full or with a heavy trailer, use lowering modes 3 or 2. In this case, start acceleration in mode 1, and when reaching 40 km / h, switch.
Sources:
- how to drive a car with automatic transmission
Unlike the gear lever on mechanical box, on cars with automatic transmission there is a RVD lever, which stands for "lever for selecting gear ranges". Mounted on the floor to the side of the driver or on the steering column, they have approximately the same set of positions for the lever. These positions are designated by the Latin letters "P", "R", "N", "D (D4)", "3 (D3)", "2", "1 (L)". On the lever itself there is a lock button for dangerous switching and a mode button "OD".
In a rut. In this case, operate the gas pedal using only 1/3 of the full stroke.
Introduction
Of course, you don't have to study internal organization of all mechanisms of the car, since this is a rather long process. For beginners, it is enough to know that with an automatic transmission there are only two pedals - brake and gas. Now you can proceed to the study of driving features.Simple rules
The selector lever is a rocker that switches the modes of operation of an automatic transmission. In total, there are several provisions, here they are: P, R, N, D. These modes are basic and for ease of perception they are designated by letters. To facilitate movement in difficult areas, there are D2, D3 or L and S modes. We will analyze them separately later. Some cars have an additional mode W. Switching driving like Winter, which in English means "winter". Now you need to study the positions of the wings.Parking
The position of the rocker, denoted by the letter P, is necessary in order to. In this state, the handbrake is activated. To turn on the parking, first stop the vehicle completely, then press and hold the brake and move the rocker to the P position. In this mode, the engine is also available.Reverse
Reverse R. It should be used as follows. First stop the machine completely, then press and hold the brake and move the lever to the R position. Only then begin to drive slowly. If you do something inappropriately, it could break the gearbox, be careful.Neutral
Neutral is designated by the letter N. It is necessary in order to transport the car in tow in case of breakdown. The neutral separates the motor from the drive. Therefore, you can, for example, turn the gas, and the car will not go anywhere, or just turn the engine on and off. It should be noted that in this case, transportation with the engine off should be carried out at a speed of no more than 30 km / h.Normal driving mode
The letter D stands for the mode of normal movement, stands for Drive - "movement". It is in this position that the wings are shifted when decelerating or accelerating in the gearbox. If there is a D3, then know that this is a downshift from. Used on the road with ups and downs. In this case, the brake works much more efficiently. D2 is a boosted downshift mode. They switch to it when an uneven road comes across on the way. You can switch from one position D to another while driving.Avoid off road
If somewhere you still had to get stuck, then for this case there is usually an L mode or, in other words, 1 gear. In no case should you drive out of the mud onto D, as in this situation the engine will lose momentum and the car will get stuck. First of all, try to drive back on your track first, then turn on L, and try to leave. In this mode, you will not load the engine, but it is best to first work with a shovel, push, jack or ask someone to pull you out with a rope.Modes in the most modern cars
The latest car models may, among others, have additional transmission modes. For example, E is economical, S is sporty. Someone will definitely need them.Conclusion
To get to know the machine thoroughly, it is best to practice under the supervision of a qualified instructor. He will be able to explain what needs to be done to get moving and will warn in advance about possible mistakes. And in order not to hit your face in front of the instructor in the mud, remember, to move off, you need to press and hold the brake, then if you want to go back, put on R, if you want to go forward, put on D, release the brake and slowly slowly press on the gas to start driving.Div> .uk-panel ")" data-uk-grid-margin = ""> div> .uk-panel ")" data-uk-grid-margin = "">
Selection by parameters
After "mechanics", driving a car with an automatic transmission is pure pleasure, especially in the city. But because of the more "gentle" and demanding device of hydraulic boxes, you need to know how to drive an automatic transmission so as not to break and not kill it ahead of time.
Correct operation of automatic transmission
Before driving a car with "automatic", start the engine and wait a minute to transmission oil distributed over the box. In the cold, warm up the box in this way for 10-12 minutes. Having started moving, overcome the first 500-1000 m so that you do not have to load the box.
Important: only start the engine in position P. Then apply the brake and move the lever to position D or R, depending on how you need to leave the parking lot.
Drive mode - D
This is the main mode in which you have to drive. When you stop at traffic lights, just hold the brake pedal. In addition to the main Drive mode, selected models additional boxes are provided:
- 2 - uses first and second gear only. Helps when riding in the mountains and on steep descents. Limits speed to 40-60 km / h.
- L is an analogue of a reduction gear for SUVs. Used in difficult conditions: off-road, etc. Do not use if the speed is over 15 km / h.
Important: when you select mode D on the box, wait for a light push, only after it squeeze out the gas. On average, an automatic transmission needs about 1 second to be fully ready for movement. Otherwise, the internal mechanisms of the box may not be able to cope with the load.
Do not try to use your second leg when driving on "automatic". If there is an obstacle in front of you and you suddenly apply the brake, the force of inertia will pull your body forward - including your foot on the gas pedal. Therefore: the left foot on the stand. Get used to it.
Neutral mode - N
Important: the N mode in the automatic transmission is provided only for servicing in the service and when towing.
The drink "go to neutral" when driving downhill may result in a premature repair of the box. Moreover, it makes no sense to wait for a green traffic light, including mode N.
Towing in N mode
Of course, it is better not to tow a car with automatic transmission at all. And even more so, pull another car with a car with automatic transmission.
But if you need to deliver your car with an "automatic" not far - 50 km limit - and the engine starts, turn on the N mode and crawl, not exceeding 50 km / h.
Important: It is absolutely impossible to use towing as a way to start the engine "from the pusher" if you have an automatic transmission. This kills the box once or twice. As well as towing in snow, sand.
Reverse (reverse) travel mode - R
The reverse mode, like the otalny modes on the "automatic", turns on only after a complete stop. Depressing the brake pedal, move the gearbox selector to position R.
Important: never engage R mode until the vehicle is COMPLETELY stopped. This is fraught with breakdowns inside the box itself and outside - transmission elements, internal combustion engines.
Often such a mistake is made when trying to fit into a small parking space, constantly switching from D to R and back, it seems a small and acceptable mistake not to stop the car completely. Even if not the first time, such a mistake will lead you to overhaul Automatic transmission. It must be avoided at all costs. To do this, control your actions.
Parking mode - P
The parking mode, which implies a locked shaft and drive wheels, is used for long stops and parking. Some people prefer to put the automatic transmission in P mode when waiting for a traffic light for a long time.
Important: Mode P can only be switched on after a complete (!) Stop of the car. The transition from the parking mode to the D or R mode is only through the depressed brake pedal.
Stop on a slope in P mode
In conditions of a flat parking area or on a slight incline, it is enough to simply switch to parking mode. But if the car needs to be put on such a good hill, use the handbrake.
Namely: while holding the brake, tighten the handbrake, release the pedal. The car will roll back a little, most likely. Then select position P with the selector. Done, you are amazing.
We remove the car from the handbrake in the same sequence: select the D mode, depress the brake pedal, lower the handbrake. Go.
Important: if constantly neglected parking brake and keep the car stationary due to the parking mode, this is a large load on the box. Ultimately, the automatic transmission lock gear (metal tab) will quickly wear out and break - and the car will roll off the slope when the P position is turned on.
Additional modes of automatic transmission
OD - Overdrive
This button is "recessed" by default into the lever of those automatic transmissions, where there are more than 3 gears. Accordingly, when this button is pressed, it "allows" to move to 4.5 ... and so on. transfer.
To activate the Overdrive mode, the button must be turned off. Then the box stops shifting higher than the third gear. The "O / D OFF" light on the dashboard comes on.
Doing this is useful when you need to quickly accelerate the car. Engine RPM remains high and gear is low. And Overdrive is also useful on long climbs, due to giving traction to the motor.
In addition, depressing the O / D button will induce gentle engine braking.
Important: do not practice engaging O / D if the driving speed is above 120 km / h.
Kick- down
The kick-down is activated by the box itself when the driver sharply squeezes out the gas. The automatic transmission automatically downshifts. As a result, intensive acceleration at high revs... Very useful when maneuvering on the tracks and in extreme situations when you need to quickly "get out".
Important: You cannot use kick-down "for fun": it heavily loads the box. And you shouldn't activate this mode in order to dash off beautifully, especially if the speed is below 20 km / h.
PWR / Sport
This is a programmed automatic transmission for a sportier driving experience. Allows shifting at higher rpm than usual. The dynamics are improving, but the fuel consumption is increasing. For the box itself, constant driving in this mode cannot be called sparing.
Snow
"Snow" mode allows you to accelerate the car, bypassing first gear. The risk that the wheels will start to slip in the snow is thus reduced. And in this mode, the gears are replaced in a narrower rpm range - the movement becomes safer.
Important: some "craftsmen" include Snow to save fuel year round. But if in winter the gearbox torque converter tolerates the absence of the first gear normally, then in the summer this can cause overheating of the mechanism. And hello, overhaul.
How to extend the life of an "automaton"
1. The simplest and quick way to ditch the automatic transmission - to put a person behind the wheel with an aggressive driving style, who is used to "tearing" from the start, braking "to the floor" and making sharp maneuvers. Driving style is one of the key factors in the resource of the automatic transmission. Automatic transmission maintenance is only the second most important factor.
The benefit of such "warming up" is not confirmed by car service specialists. Some operating manuals explicitly state - leave the selector and position P.
For the automatic transmission to enter operating mode, it is enough as soon as the outside temperature has dropped below +5, before driving, turn on the engine and let it run for a few minutes.
3. To extend the life of the "automatic", it is important to monitor the oil level (oil is called ATF - Automatic Transmission Fluid) in the box.
To do this, use an oil dipstick from the engine, prevent leaks and change the oil with a filter every 40-60 thousand km (the first change is after 80-100 thousand km. And then every 60, and preferably 30-40 thousand km) ... Use only original replacement oil.
Despite the assurances of the manufacturers about the "maintenance-free" of the box, the ATF fluid in the car needs to be changed regularly.
This is confirmed by both the servicemen who regularly repair the consequences of such "maintenance-free", and the owners who at least once drained the transmission oil on their own and saw how dirty brown slurry flows out of the box instead of the bright red liquid poured in.
In addition to preventing potential problems with the wear of rubbing parts inside the box, fresh oil has a positive effect on the characteristics of the automatic transmission - the modes switch smoothly, without kicks.
Many experts, when the owners complain about the operation of the "automatic machine", first of all recommend changing the transmission fluid.
But there is a subtle point here.
If the mileage of the car is very solid, and the previous replacement ATF fluids it is not known when it was carried out (and whether it was carried out at all), you need to be prepared for the unpleasant consequences of servicing the box. Namely: that after replacing the transmission oil, she will be asked for repair.
There are two reasons for this.
Firstly, during the operation of the automatic transmission, water accumulates inside the box. It enters there through the breather along with the air during periods of car parking. The clutch linings are saturated with moisture: the longer the oil has not changed, the more moisture inside the "machine".
This means that the greater the risk that the clutch lining will peel off from the clutch disc - and the new oil will help this process.
Secondly, because the new oil is more effective at flushing out dirt, it can pick up metal chips and dust deposits, and these clots of dirt will clog oil channels- and hello, renovation.
Therefore, maintenance of the box of a car with a mileage of more than 150 thousand km or with an unknown service history is an ambiguous question.
Total:
before driving, warm up the box
do not turn on or change modes until the machine has completely stopped!
use only your right foot for braking and gas delivery
only start the engine in P mode
break the habit of turning on N mode at traffic lights
when parking on a slope, use not only P mode, but also the handbrake
do not tow a car with automatic transmission, as a last resort - follow the rules
use additional automatic transmission modes: kick-down for fast acceleration, over-drive for long climbs and engine braking
do not trust automakers: change the transmission oil and the filter in the box every 40-60 thousand km
change your driving style to be gentle and gentle on the drivetrain.
What else is worth doing in the car to avoid major breakdowns, we wrote.
High-quality spare parts for your car are offered by our disassembly
Now many newly minted car enthusiasts decide for themselves which car to choose. Perhaps the most important criterion is the choice of transmission - and as the sales statistics tell us, the automatic transmission is growing exponentially. It is understandable in the city is very convenient. However, on many automatic transmissions, there is a so-called "manual mode" when you change gears physically, usually this is a plus and a minus on the lever (made with a button like mine) or shifting the gear lever. BUT WHY is there manual mode on the machine? Are we taking a fully automated process? Today he will understand ...
To be honest, such a solution is correctly implemented - only on torque converters and on robots, that is, you physically change gear, for example, such a solution is also present on the variator, but there it is a purely software feature, because the variator gearbox is continuously variable, that is, it has no physical transmissions.
Well, okay, in general - there is a presence on almost any automatic transmission, but for what ??? Such a mechanical mode tears the minds of many - it seems to have left the mechanics, but it is again present here, it turns out "rubbish"!
This absolutely does not require special skills, it turns on - it's elementary. Personally, on the machine, just move the lever to the "M" position, you will see a gradation of speeds on your dashboard, "M1", "M2", "M3", etc., for example, I have six steps, which means top gear "M6".
As for switching - you can do it as if from a parking lot, that is, get under way in manual control, or already at speed transfer the gearbox to mechanics and adjust as needed! It is possible and so and so, without a difference, for the automatic transmission it does not do any harm.
Why is this mode useful?
To be honest, some time ago, there were no such manual modes! In 85% of cases, a simple driver does not experience any discomfort from this, you quickly get used to the machine and adapt, then you don't even notice how it works. However, the mechanical mode is often simply necessary, you cannot do without it, let's list:
- Wheel slip or off-road.
- Slide.
- Speed.
- Gear braking and cornering.
- Traffic jams.
Yes, yes, you heard right for these points and the manual mode is important, that is, it gives you more options than the "brain" of an automaton. Of course, it is possible to pass all these obstacles on the automatic transmission, but some points for him are simply insoluble, as we say the first one. Let's take a closer look.
Slipping or off-road
IN our snowy homeland - oh, how necessary. If you do not put the automatic transmission in manual mode, then when the speed rises, it will try to switch to a higher gear, thereby “choking” itself. I myself have personally encountered this, for example, you start to slip, the car seems to make its way through the snow a little - and it bangs on the second or third, there are not enough revolutions and the car gets up. This is where the mechanical mode helps, turned on strictly the first and "boreh" drifts (drifts will be in the video below).
Absolutely the same situation is with dirt, because in fact the movements in these two environments do not differ, and here and there we skid, the programs that we have chosen are important to us, that is, we think for ourselves.
Slide
Here manual control also pleases - when driving from a long slide, you release the pressure on the gas pedal, the automatic machine, after a while will try to switch to a lower gear, which will indirectly stop the car! You can manually leave an overdrive until the hill is passed. Thus, you save fuel, after all include.
Speed
Not always modern machines are smart. That is, the pressure on the gas pedal is not always adequately perceived. What if you need to accelerate sharply, but the automatic transmission does not understand this, of course now almost everyone has KIK DOWN, they pressed the pedal to the floor and the engine quickly "spun"! But here's what to do - if you need to bypass a large wagon or wagons, and you need to leave the overdrive for a long time? This is where the manual mode will help simply "lower" to the desired gear, at a speed let's say it is "5" or even "4", and press the "gas to the floor", after bypassing the trucks, we switch to auto mode.
Gear braking and cornering
- A controversial plus, but it's worth noting - if you want, it came to us from the "mechanics" when you switched from high to low and stop the car - say on slippery roads. After all, the wheels are not blocked, braking is more effective. On the machine, now this can also be done, for example, you are eating in 6th gear - in front, there are obstacles in the distance, and the road is icy, the car does not behave adequately when pressing the gas pedal. We just mechanically lower the gear and the car will get up, slowly and confidently, then bring it to a full stop with the brake pedal. As I said, this method is controversial, because now there are a bunch of sensors and systems (ABS, EBD, ESP, etc.) that will help stop the car without the participation of the box, but God protects the caretaker.
- This is entering corners, if you go at high speed, then it is worth transferring to manual gear to a lower gear, and you no longer need to use the brake, the speed drops, the turn is passed.
As you can imagine, this item is for lovers of freedom of action who experiment with the "automatic" at speeds.
Traffic jams
Also a controversial point, but I met in many forums.
Many people use manual mode for driving in traffic jams. "How?" - you ask. Simply, the machine will always jump from the first to the second, respectively, the fuel consumption will increase. In order to somehow reduce it, you can choose a "pure" second gear and use it to overcome the traffic jam! However, it is worth noting that the acceleration should not be sharp, yet the second gear is not for starting the car.
Actually, these are all the advantages of the manual mode of an automatic transmission, for myself I personally noted and constantly use it - when slipping and when driving down a hill, the rest is not so important!
Now we are watching the video lesson.
At this end, read our AUTOBLOG, there will be many more useful things.
