Requirements for the condition and equipment of buses. Requirements for the technical condition of vehicles carrying vm

A constructive way to increase the comfort of a truck

The body of the bus is designed to accommodate passengers during their mass transportation. It is a complex structure that consists of about three thousand parts ...

Survey of road conditions and improvement of traffic safety on Sovetskaya street in the city of Volgodonsk

Let's analyze the correspondence of the elements of st. Soviet for compliance with the requirements of GOST R 50797-93. The surface of the carriageway has slight subsidence, several large potholes, the dimensions of which exceed 15 cm in length ...

Determination of the financial condition of road transport by city bus route taxis

Km. (5) Where: lcc average daily mileage of the bus, km. (6), km. We will enter the calculation results in table No. 1: Table No. 1 No. p / p Name of indicators Value 1. Auto days in operation ADE 4216363 2. Auto hours in operation AChE 59872354 3 ...

Features of the movement of the fighter

Theorem 1: A linear non-stationary system is completely controllable by state only if the matrix has a rank: 2 Initial data Option No. 2, Mode No. 8. 1) ...

Selection diagnostic equipment during the reconstruction of the municipal unitary enterprise "Volgograd Passenger Motor Transport Enterprise No. 7"

The braking system of cars, consisting of braking mechanisms and their drive, is designed to reduce the speed of movement to a complete stop with a minimum braking distance ...

Selection of diagnostic equipment during the reconstruction of the municipal unitary enterprise "Volgograd Passenger Motor Transport Enterprise No. 7"

In accordance with the requirements of GOST R 51709-2001, the parameters of the technical condition of the steering must meet the requirements set forth below. The change in effort when turning the steering wheel should be smooth over the entire range of its rotation ...

Certification program road transport

The engine compartment must be designed to prevent accumulation of fuel or lubricant in any of its places, for which, if necessary, drainage holes can be provided ...

The bus is sent for overhaul if the body needs overhaul. During its service life, the bus undergoes no more than one major overhaul ...

Reconstruction project of the production base "Kostanayavtotrans"

Design of a service station for passenger cars on Shosseinaya street in the Sheksna village of the Vologda region

To ensure the competitiveness of the service technical center, a number of requirements must be taken into account: - ensuring the convenience of the place ...

Development of technology and organization of passenger transportation

Average daily mileage of a working bus: Lav.day \u003d Ve * Tn; (21) Lav.day \u003d Ve * Tn \u003d 22.1 * 11, 4 \u003d 251.94 km. Total mileage for all buses per year Ltot \u003d Lav.day * ADe; (22) Ltot \u003d 251.94 * 6588 \u003d 1659780.7 km. Useful mileage of buses: Lpol \u003d Ltot * in; (23) Lpol \u003d 1659780.7 * 0.95 \u003d 1576791.7 km ...

The technology of repairing a car cylinder-piston group with the development of a device for pressing out piston pins

As of exhaust gases you can accurately determine the condition of the engine. If from exhaust pipe black smoke appears, this indicates incomplete fuel combustion ...

Stable and efficient functioning of the transport complex of the Republic of Belarus

To substantiate the volume of traffic for the prospect of design, an analysis of the work of the bus fleet for the last 5 years was carried out. The analysis results are presented in table. 2 ...

Operation and maintenance of cranes and scrapers

Engines installed on road construction machines internal combustion work in extremely unfavorable conditions - high dustiness of the environment, often severe climatic conditions ...

10.1.1. The technical condition, equipment and completeness of cars, trailers, semitrailers of all types, brands, purposes, as well as all mechanical means with a working volume of cylinders of more than 50 cm 3 (hereinafter - vehicles) in operation must comply with the Rules for the technical operation of road rolling stock. transport, Traffic Regulations of Ukraine, Sanitary Regulations for Occupational Hygiene of Car Drivers (Section 2, Clauses 54, 51, 55 of these Regulations), instructions of manufacturers, as well as these Regulations.

10.1.2. The following requirements are imposed on the driver's workplace:

- fencing of the driver's workplace in the passenger compartment of a taxi car ( protective shield) and the bus, if provided for by the design, must be in good condition;

- the windshield and side glass should not have cracks and darkening, it is not allowed to use additional objects or apply coatings that limit visibility from the driver's seat, impairing the transparency of the glass;

– side windows should move smoothly by hand or window lifting mechanisms;

- no dips, torn places, protruding springs and sharp corners are allowed on the seat and back of the seat; the seat and backrest must be properly adjusted to ensure a comfortable fit for the driver;

- handles near the doorway, locks of all doors of the body or cab, as well as a door control drive, signaling of door operation (open, closed), emergency exits of buses and their actuating devices must be in good working order;

- the floor of the cab (salon) of the car must be covered with a mat that does not have accidental holes or other damage;

- sound levels and equivalent sound levels in the cabins of trucks should not exceed 70 dBA, in the cabins of cars and buses - 60 dBA;

- sanitary facilities (ventilation, heating, thermal insulation, air conditioning) must be in working order and ensure the maintenance of the microclimate parameters in the cabin (cabin) in accordance with the established standards (Appendix 6);

10.1.3. The controls of the car must be with serviceable seals to prevent the penetration of exhaust gases into its cab (interior).

10.1.4. The power supply, lubrication and cooling systems must be in good working order and not have leaks of fuel, oil, antifreeze, water

10.1.5. The compartments intended for passengers and the driver should not contain any devices and elements of the fuel system.

The arrangement of the elements of the fuel system should be such that, in the event of a leak, the fuel gets only on the road and completely excludes the possibility of it getting on the elements of the exhaust system.

10.1.6. Elements and connections of the exhaust system must be in good condition.

10.1.7. The ventilation of the engine crankcase must work properly, preventing the breakthrough of gases into the engine compartment.

10.1.8. The parking brake system must ensure the stationary state of the vehicle of full weight on the road with a slope of at least 16%, and for cars, their modifications for the transport of passengers, as well as buses in running order - at least 23% and for trucks and road trains in running order condition - at least 31%.

10.1.9. The parking brake system of the trailer (semitrailer), when disconnected from the tractor, must ensure its stationary state on the slope, the values \u200b\u200bof which are set in clause 10.1.8 for the corresponding category of the vehicle to which the tractor belongs.

10.1.10. The wheel discs must be securely attached to the hubs. The locking rings must be in good condition and correctly installed in their places. Cracks and bending of wheel disks are not allowed.

10.1.11. The technical condition of the car's electrical equipment must ensure that the engine is started with a starter, uninterrupted and timely ignition of the mixture in the engine cylinders, the trouble-free operation of lighting devices, alarms and electrical control devices, and also exclude the possibility of sparking in wires and clamps. All wires of electrical equipment must be strengthened and have reliable undamaged insulation, excluding the possibility of their breakage, chafing, wear or short circuit.

The fuses of the electrical system used to replace the blown ones must meet the technical requirements.

The battery must be securely attached. Electrolyte leakage from the monoblock is not allowed battery.

10.1.12. Each vehicle must be equipped with at least 2 persistent pads, a fire extinguisher, a first-aid kit, an emergency stop sign (flashing red light).

10.1.13. Buses and trucks intended for the transport of people and specially equipped for this purpose must be additionally equipped with a second fire extinguisher, while one fire extinguisher must be in the driver's cab, the second in the passenger compartment of the bus or in the back of the car.

10.1.14. When going on a voyage lasting more than 1 day, trucks and buses must additionally be equipped with stands (tragus), a shovel, a towing device, a safety fork (portable device) for the wheel lock ring, and in winter - in addition with snow chains.

10.1.15. The crankshaft ratchet must have slots that are not worn out and the starter handle must have a straight pin of appropriate length and strength. The starter grip must be smooth and free from seizures.

10.1.16. Doors of cabins (salons), hoods must be with serviceable opening stops and latches of open and closed positions.

10.1.17. It is not allowed to equip the interior of the bus with additional structural elements that restrict free access to emergency exits.

Emergency exits should be marked and labeled with instructions for their use.

It is prohibited to keep the doors of the main and emergency (emergency) exits inoperative, weld, lock with locks, bolts, etc.

10.1.18. Footrests, buffers, special platforms must have a non-worn corrugated surface and be securely fixed in the places provided for by the vehicle design.

Posted:2007-07-06

GOST R 51709-2001. Safety requirements for technical condition and test methods

STATE STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Motor vehicles

SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR THE TECHNICAL CONDITION AND METHODS OF INSPECTION

GOST R 51709-2001

Introduction date 2002.01.01

1 area of \u200b\u200buse.

This standard applies to cars, buses, trucks, trailers and semi-trailers (hereinafter referred to as motor vehicles) used on highways.

The standard states:

safety requirements for the technical condition of the car vehicle (ATC);

the maximum permissible values \u200b\u200bof the parameters of the technical condition of vehicles affecting road safety and the state of the environment;

• methods of checking the technical condition of the vehicle in operation.

The standard does not apply to vehicles whose maximum speed set by the manufacturer does not exceed 25 km / h, and to off-road vehicles.

Requirements 4.1.1-4.1.7, 4.1.13, 4.1.19, 4.1.21 do not apply to heavy trucks.

The standard should be applied when checking the technical condition of operated vehicles according to safety criteria.

The requirements of the standard are mandatory and are aimed at ensuring road safety, life and health of people, the safety of their property and environmental protection.

The technical state of the automatic telephone exchange may be subject to additional requirements established by the relevant regulatory documents.

Registered vehicles, the design of which (including the design of components and items additional equipment) there have been changes that affect road safety are checked in accordance with the procedures approved in the prescribed manner.

• GOST 17.2.2.03-87 Nature protection. Atmosphere, Norms and methods for measuring the content of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons in the exhaust gases of cars with gasoline engines. Safety requirements.
• GOST R 17.2.02.06-99 Nature Protection. Atmosphere. Standards and methods for measuring the content of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons in the exhaust gases of gas-cylinder vehicles.
• GOST 5727-88 Safety glass for land transport. General technical conditions.
• GOST 8769-75 External lighting devices for cars, buses, trolley buses, tractors, trailers and semitrailers. Number, location, color, viewing angles.
• GOST 9921-81 Manual tire pressure gauges. General technical conditions.
• GOST 21393-75 Cars with diesel engines. Smoke in exhaust gases. Norms and methods of measurements. Safety requirements.
• GOST 27902-88 Safety glass for cars, tractors and agricultural machines. Determination of optical properties.
• GOST R 50574-93 Cars, buses and motorcycles for special and operational services. Color schemes, identification marks, inscriptions, special light and sound signals... General requirements.
• GOST R 50577-93 State registration signs of vehicles. Types and basic sizes. Technical requirements.
• GOST R 51253-99 Motor vehicles. Color charts for the placement of reflective markings. Technical requirements.

3. Definitions.

The following terms are used in this standard with the corresponding definitions:

3.1 road train: A vehicle consisting of a tractor unit and a semi-trailer or trailer (s) connected by a towing device (s)

3.2 anti-lock braking system: ATS brake system with automatic control during braking of the degree of slippage of the vehicle wheels in the direction of their rotation.

3.3 : The time interval from the start of braking to the moment at which the vehicle deceleration takes on a steady-state value during checks in road conditions (indicated by tav in Appendix B), or until the moment at which the braking force during tests at stands either takes a maximum value, or the vehicle wheel is blocked on the stand rollers. When checking on stands, the response time is measured for each of the vehicle wheels.

3.4 brake system lag time:Time interval from the start of braking until the appearance of deceleration (braking force). Denoted τ c in Appendix B.

3.5 deceleration rise time:Time interval of monotonic growth of deceleration until the moment at which the deceleration takes on a steady value. Denoted τ see Appendix B.

3.6 auxiliary braking system:A brake system designed to reduce the energy load on the brakes of the ATS service brake system.

3.7 rear protective device:Part of the structure of vehicles of categories N2, N3, O3 and O4, designed to protect cars of categories ML and N1 from falling under them when they are hit from behind.

3.8 spare braking system:A braking system designed to reduce the vehicle speed in the event of a failure of the service brake system.

3.9 good condition of the PBX:Condition that meets all the requirements of regulatory documents for the design and technical condition of the vehicle.

3.10 modification of the ATC design:Exclusion of components and items of equipment provided for or installation not provided for by the design of the vehicle that affect its safety characteristics.

3.12 class of rear-view mirrors:A type of mirrors characterized by one of the following combinations of characteristics and functions: class 1 - interior rear-view mirrors, flat or spherical; class 2 - the main external rear-view mirrors are spherical; class 3 - the main external rear-view mirrors are flat or spherical (a smaller radius of curvature is allowed than for class 2 mirrors); class 4 - wide-angle external rear-view mirrors, spherical; class 5 - external spherical side-view mirrors.

The mirror class is indicated in the marking on the certified rearview mirrors with Roman numerals.

3.13 wheel brake mechanisms: Devices designed to create artificial resistance to the movement of vehicles due to friction between rotating and stationary parts of the wheel.

3.14 end of braking: The moment in time at which the artificial resistance to the movement of the automatic telephone exchange disappeared or it stopped. Dotted TO See Appendix B.

3.15 ATC contour marking: A series of stripes of reflective material intended for application to the vehicle to indicate its dimensions (outline) from the side (side marking) and from the back (rear marking).

3.16 traffic corridor: The part of the support surface, the right and left boundaries of which are marked so that during the movement, the horizontal projection of the vehicle onto the plane of the support surface does not intersect them with a single point.

3.17 anchorage of seat belts: The part of the body structure (cab) or any other part of the vehicle (for example, the seat frame) to which the seat belt is attached.

3.18 start of braking: The time at which the braking system receives a signal to brake. Dotted H See Appendix B.

3.19 initial deceleration rate - vehicle speed at the beginning of braking.

3.20 neutral position of the steering wheel (steered wheels): Position corresponding straight motion ATS in the absence of disturbing influences.

3.21 brake system control: A set of devices designed to give a signal to start braking and to control energy coming from an energy source or accumulator to the braking mechanisms.

3.22 sensory examination: Inspection performed with the senses of a qualified person without the use of measuring instruments.

3.23 reference axis: The line of intersection of the planes passing through the center of the lens of the light device parallel to the longitudinal center plane of the vehicle and the reference surface.

3.24 full braking: Braking, as a result of which the vehicle stops.

3.25 longitudinal center plane of the vehicle: A plane perpendicular to the plane of the bearing surface and passing through the middle of the vehicle track.

3.26 permissible maximum mass: The maximum mass of the equipped vehicle with cargo (passengers), set by the manufacturer as the maximum permissible according to the operational documentation.

3.27 ATS and its parts operability: The state in which the values \u200b\u200bof the parameters characterizing the ability of the vehicle to carry out transport work meet the requirements of regulatory documents.

3.28 service brake system: A braking system designed to reduce vehicle speed.

3.29 reflective marking material: A surface or device from which, in the presence of radiation, a relatively large portion of the light rays of the original radiation are reflected in their direction.

3.30 equipped state of automatic telephone exchange: The state of the vehicle without cargo (passengers) with filled containers of power, cooling and lubrication systems, with a set of tools and accessories (including spare wheel) provided by the manufacturer of the vehicle according to the operational documentation.

3.31 components and items of ATC equipment: Units, assemblies and parts installed and (or) used in the design of the vehicle, which are subject to requirements regulated by regulatory documents.

3.32 parking brake system: A braking system designed to keep the vehicle stationary.

3.33 total steering play: The angle of rotation of the steering wheel from the position corresponding to the beginning of turning the controlled wheels of the vehicle in one direction to the position corresponding to the beginning of their turning in the opposite direction.

3.34 technical condition of automatic telephone exchange: The aggregate of the properties subject to change during operation and the ATS parameters established by regulatory documents, which determines the possibility of its intended use.

3.35 braking: The process of creating and changing artificial resistance to the movement of the vehicle.

3.36 braking force: Reaction of the bearing surface to the vehicle wheels, causing braking. To assess the technical condition of the braking systems, the maximum values \u200b\u200bof the braking forces are used.

3.37 brake system: The set of parts of the vehicle intended for its braking when acting on the control of the brake system.

3.38 brake control: The totality of all vehicle braking systems.

3.39 brake drive:A set of parts of the braking control, designed for controlled transmission of energy from its source to the braking mechanisms in order to perform braking.

3.40 braking distance:Distance traveled by vehicle from start to end of braking.

3.41 specific braking force:The ratio of the sum of the braking forces on the wheels of the vehicle to the product of the mass of the vehicle and the acceleration of gravity (for a tractor unit and a trailer or semi-trailer is calculated separately).

3.42 steady-state deceleration:Average deceleration value during deceleration τ setpoint of the end of the deceleration rise time period until the end of deceleration Denoted jin Appendix B.

3.43 vehicle stability during braking: The ability of the vehicle to move when braking within the traffic corridor.

3.44 headlights types R, HR:Headlights high beam.

3.45 headlights of types C, HC:Low beam headlights.

3.46 headlights types CR, HCR:Low beam and high beam headlights.

3.47 type B headlights: Fog lights.

3.48 "cold" braking mechanism: Brake mechanism, the temperature of which, measured on the friction surface of the brake drum or brake disc, is less than 100 ° C.

3.49 emergency braking: Braking in order to reduce the vehicle speed as quickly as possible.

3.50 braking efficiency: A measure of braking that characterizes the ability of the braking system to create the necessary artificial resistance to the movement of the vehicle.

4. Requirements for the technical condition of the automatic telephone exchange.

4.1 Requirements for braking control

4.1.1 The service braking system of the vehicle must ensure compliance with the braking efficiency standards on the stands in accordance with Table 1 or in road conditions in Table 2 or 3. The initial braking speed when checking in road conditions is 40 km / h. Vehicle weight during checks should not exceed the maximum allowed.

Note - The use of indicators of braking efficiency and stability of the vehicle during braking, as well as methods for their verification, is given in 5.1.

4.1.2 In road conditions when braking the work braking system with an initial braking speed of 40 km / h, the vehicle should not leave any of its parts from the standard traffic corridor 3 m wide.

Table 1- Standards for the braking efficiency of the vehicle with the working brake system during tests on the stands.
				Effort on the control RP , H, no more		Specific braking force γТ, not less
Passenger and cargo-passenger cars
Trucks
Table2- Standards for the braking efficiency of the vehicle with the working brake system when checking in road conditions.
				Effort on the control RP		ATS braking distance ST, no more
Trucks
3- Standards for the braking efficiency of the vehicle with the working brake system when checking in road conditions.
			Effort on the control RP, H, no more		Steady-state deceleration		Brake system response time TT, s, no more
Passenger and utility vehicles
Cars with trailers
Trucks
Trucks with a trailer (semi-trailer)
Note Values \u200b\u200bin brackets - for vehicles manufactured before 01/01/81

4.1.3 When checking on stands, the relative difference in the braking forces of the axle wheels (as a percentage of the highest value) is allowed for vehicles of categories

Ml, M2, МЗ and front axles of cars and trailers of categories Nl, N2, N3.02.03.04 no more than 20%, and for semitrailers and subsequent axles of cars and trailers of categories Nl, N2, N3, О2, О3, О4 - 25%.

4.1.4 When checking the working brake system of trailers and semi-trailers (except for dismantling trailers and semi-trailers with more than three axles) at the stands, the specific braking force must be at least 0.5 for trailers with two or more axles and at least 0.45 - for trailers with one (central) axle and semi-trailers.

4.1.5 The parking braking system for vehicles of the permissible maximum mass must provide a specific braking force of at least 0.16 or a stationary state of the vehicle on a supporting surface with a slope of at least 16%. Parking brake system for vehicles in running order

must provide a design specific braking force equal to 0.6 of the ratio of the unladen weight on the axles, which are affected by the parking brake system, to the unladen weight, or a stationary state of the vehicle on the surface with a slope of at least 23% for vehicles of categories M1-MZ and not less than 31% for categories N1-N3.

The gain applied to the control of the parking brake system to activate it should be no more than 392 N for vehicles of category Ml and 588 N for vehicles of other categories.

4.1.6 The auxiliary braking system, with the exception of the engine retarder, when checking in road conditions in the speed range of 25-35 km / h must ensure a steady deceleration of at least 0.5 m / s2 - for vehicles of the permissible maximum mass and 0.8 m / c2 - for vehicles in running order, taking into account the driver's weight. The engine retarder must be operable. 4.1.7 The spare braking system, equipped with a control unit independent of other braking systems, must ensure compliance with the standards for the braking performance of the vehicle on the stand in accordance with Table 4, or in road conditions in accordance with Table 5 or 6. The initial braking speed at road checks - 40 km / h.

Table 4 - Standards for the braking efficiency of the vehicle by the spare braking system during tests at the stands.
		Effort on the control RP ,H, no more	Specific braking force γ T, not less
Passenger and utility vehicles
Trucks
* For PBX with manual control spare braking system.
Table 5 - Standards for the braking efficiency of the vehicle by the reserve braking system when checking in road conditions.
		Effort on the control RP ,H, no more	ATS braking distance ST, no more
Passenger and utility vehicles
Cars with trailers
Trucks
Trucks with a trailer (semi-trailer)
* For vehicles with manual control of the spare brake system.

Table 6 - Standards for the braking efficiency of the vehicle by the spare braking system when checking in road conditions.
		Effort on the control P,H... no more	Steady-state deceleration jmouth m / s2	Brake system response time τТ, s, no more
Passenger and utility vehicles
Cars with trailers
Trucks
Trucks with a trailer (semi-trailer)
* For vehicles with manual control of the spare brake system. ** For vehicles manufactured before 01.01.81

4.1.8 It is allowed to drop the air pressure in the pneumatic or pneumohydraulic brake drive with the engine off, not more than 0.05 MPa from the value of the lower limit of regulation by the pressure regulator during:

30 min - with the free position of the brake system control;

15 minutes - after full actuation of the brake system control.

Leaks compressed air from wheel brake chambers are not allowed.

4.1.9 For vehicles with an engine, the pressure at the control terminals of the pneumatic brake actuator receivers with the engine running is allowed from 0.65 to 0.85 MPa, and for trailers (semi-trailers) - not less than 0.48 MPa when connected to the tractor via a single-wire drive and not less than 0.63 MPa - when connected via a two-wire drive.

4.1.10 The presence of visible places of chafing, corrosion, mechanical damagekinks or leakage of pipelines or connections in the brake drive, leakage of brake fluid, parts in the brake drive with cracks and permanent deformation are not allowed.

4.1.11 The alarm system and control of brake systems, pressure gauges of the pneumatic and pneumohydraulic brake drive, the device for fixing the control of the parking brake system must be operational.

4.1.12 Flexible brake hoses transmitting the pressure of compressed air or brake fluid to the wheel brakes must be connected to each other without additional transition elements (for vehicles manufactured after 01/01/81). The location and length of flexible brake hoses must ensure the tightness of the joints, taking into account the maximum deformations of the elastic suspension elements and the angles of rotation of the vehicle wheels. Swelling of hoses under pressure, cracks and visible chafing points are not allowed.

4.1.13 The location and length of the connecting hoses of the pneumatic brake drive of road trains must exclude their damage during mutual movements of the tractor and trailer (semitrailer).

4.1.14 The action of the service and spare braking systems should be adjustable:

a decrease or increase in the braking force must be ensured by acting on the control of the braking system in the entire range of the braking force regulation;

the braking force must change in the same direction as the impact on the control;

the braking force must be adjusted smoothly and without difficulty.

4.1.15 Pressure at the test terminal of the brake force regulator as part of the pneumatic brake actuator in the positions of the permissible maximum mass and the loaded state of the vehicle or the tension force of the free end of the regulator spring, equipped with a linkage with the rear axle, as part of brake hydraulic drive must correspond to the values \u200b\u200bspecified in the manufacturer's plate installed on the vehicle or in the operational documentation.

4.1.16 Vehicles equipped with anti-lock braking systems (ABS), when braking in running order (taking into account the driver's weight) with an initial speed of at least 40 km / h, must move within the traffic corridor without visible traces of drift and skidding, and their wheels must not should leave traces of skid on road surface until the ABS is turned off when the driving speed corresponding to the ABS shutdown threshold is reached (no more than 15 km / h). The functioning of the ABS warning devices must correspond to its good condition.

4.1.17 Free running Inertial brake control devices for trailers of categories 01 and 02 must comply with the requirements established by the vehicle manufacturer in the operating documentation.

4.1.18 When the inertia brake drive is disconnected for trailers of category 01, the push-in force of the trailer coupling must be at least 200 N, and for trailers of category 02 - at least 350 N.

4.2 Steering requirements

4.2.1 The change in effort when turning the steering wheel should be smooth over the entire range of its steering angle.

4.2.2 Spontaneous rotation of the steering wheel with power steering from the neutral position when the vehicle is stationary and the engine is running is not allowed.

4.2.3 The total backlash in the steering should not exceed the limit values \u200b\u200bspecified by the vehicle manufacturer in the operational documentation, or, if such values \u200b\u200bare not specified by the manufacturer, the following limit values:

• cars and trucks and buses created on the basis of their aggregates ... 10 °
• buses ................................................. .................................................. ........................... 20 °
• trucks................................................ ..................... ... ............................ ........ 25 °

4.2.4 The maximum turn of the steering wheel should be limited only by devices provided for by the vehicle design.

4.2.5 The mobility of the steering column in the planes passing through its axis, the steering wheel in the axial direction, the steering gear housing, steering drive parts relative to each other or the supporting surface is not allowed. Threaded connections must be tightened and secured. Backlash in the joints of the pivot pins and in the steering linkage joints is not allowed. The device for fixing the position of the steering column with an adjustable position of the steering wheel must be functional.

4.2.6 The use of parts with traces of permanent deformation, cracks and other defects in the steering mechanism and steering drive is not allowed.

4.2.7 The tension of the power steering pump drive belt and the level of the working fluid in its reservoir must comply with the requirements established by the vehicle manufacturer in the operating documentation. Leakage of working fluid in the hydraulic system of the amplifier is not allowed.

4.3 Requirements for external light devices and reflective markings

4.3.1 The number and color of external lighting devices installed on the vehicle must comply with GOST 8769. Changing the locations of external light devices provided by the manufacturer of the vehicle is not allowed.

4.3.2 It is allowed to install a spotlight or searchlight-searchlight, if provided by the manufacturer. It is allowed to install additional braking signals and replace external lighting devices with those used on vehicles of other brands and models.

4.3.3 Indicators for switching on light devices located in the cab (passenger compartment) must be operational.

4.3.4 Headlamps of types C (HC) and CR (HCR) must be adjusted so that the plane containing the left (from the vehicle) part of the cut-off line of the passing beam is located as specified in Figure 1 and Table 7 distance values Lfrom the optical center of the headlight to the screen, height H installation of the headlamp in the center of the lens above the plane of the working platform and the angle a of inclination of the light beam to the horizontal plane, or distance Ron the screen from the projection of the center of the headlight to the light border of the light beam and the distances Land H4 part of the cut-off line and not less than 1600 cd in the direction 52 "down from the position of the left side of the cut-off line.

4.3.6 Type R (HR) headlamps should be adjusted so that the angle of inclination of the brightest (central) part of the light beam in the vertical plane is in the range 0 ... 34 "downward from the reference axis. In this case, the vertical plane of symmetry of the brightest part of the light the beam must pass through the reference axis.

4.3.7. The luminous intensity of type CR (HCR) headlamps in the “high beam” mode shall be measured in the direction 34 "upward from the position of the left-hand side of the cut-off line for the“ dipped beam ”mode in a vertical plane passing through the reference axis.

4.3.8. The luminous intensity of Type R (HR) headlamps shall be measured at the center of the brightest part of the light beam.

4.3.9 The luminous intensity of all headlamps of types R (HR) and CR (HCR), located on the same side of the vehicle, in the “main beam” mode must be at least 10,000 cd, and the total luminous intensity of all headlamps specified for the typical shall be more than 225,000 cd.

4.3.10 Fog lamps (type B) shall be adjusted so that the plane containing the upper cut-off of the beam is located as indicated in table 8.

In this case, the upper cut-off border of the fog lamp beam should be parallel to the plane of the working platform on which the vehicle is installed.

4.3.11 The luminous intensity of fog lamps, measured in a vertical plane passing through the reference axis, shall be no more than 625 cd in a direction 3 ° upward from the upper cut-off position and not less than 1000 cd in a direction 3 ° downward from the upper cut-off position. 4.3.12. Fog lights must be switched on when the side lights are on, regardless of whether the main and (or) dipped beam headlights are switched on. 4.3.13 The luminous intensity of each of the signal lights (lanterns) in the direction of the reference axis must be within the limits specified in Table 9. 4.3.14 The luminous intensity of paired lamps of the same functional purpose, symmetrically located on different sides of the vehicle (front or rear), shall not differ more than doubled.

4.3.15 Marker, outline lights, as well as the road train identification mark must operate in a continuous mode.

4.3.16 Braking signals (main and additional) must be switched on when acting on the controls of the brake systems and work in a constant mode.

4.3.17 The reversing lamp should turn on when the reverse gear is engaged and work in a constant mode.

4.3.18 Direction indicators and side indicator repeaters must be operational. The flashing repetition rate shall be within the range of (90 ± 30) flashes per minute or (1.5 ± 0.5) Hz.

4.3.19 Hazard signaling should ensure the synchronous activation of all direction indicators and side repeaters in flashing mode.

4.3.20 The lamp for illumination of the rear state registration plate must be switched on simultaneously with the side lights and work in a constant mode.

4.3.21 Rear Fog lights should be switched on only when the headlights of the main beam or dipped beam are on, or fog lights and work continuously.

4.3.22 ATS must have a reflective marking in accordance with GOST R 51253. Damage and delamination of the reflective marking is not allowed.

4.4 Requirements for wipers and washers

4.4.1 ATS must be equipped with windshield wipers and washers windscreen.

4.4.2 Frequency of movement of brushes on wet glass in the mode of maximum speed of wipers should be at least 35 double strokes per minute.

4.4.3 Screen washers should provide fluid supply to glass cleaning areas.

4.5 Requirements for tires and wheels

4.5.1 The tread height of the tires must be at least:

• for passenger cars -1.6 mm;
• for trucks - 1.0 mm;
• for buses - 2.0 mm;
• for trailers and semi-trailers - the same as for the tractors with which they work. The tire is not suitable for use when:
• the presence of a section of the treadmill specified in 5.5.1.1 of the dimensions, the height of the tread pattern along the entire length of which is less than the specified standard;
• the appearance of one wear indicator (a protrusion along the bottom of the groove of the treadmill, the height of which corresponds to the minimum permissible height of the tire tread pattern) with uniform wear or two indicators in each of the two sections with uneven wear of the treadmill.

4.5.2 Twin wheels should be installed so that the valve holes in the rims are aligned to allow air pressure measurement and tire inflation. Replacement of spools with plugs, plugs and other devices is not allowed.

4.5.3 Local damage to tires (punctures, swelling, through and through cuts), which expose the cord, as well as local peeling of the tread are not allowed.

4.5.4 ATS must be equipped with tires in accordance with the manufacturer's requirements in accordance with the manufacturer's operational documentation or the Rules for the operation of automobile tires.

4.5.5 On passenger cars and buses of class I *, it is allowed to use tires retreaded according to class I **, and on their rear axles, in addition, retreaded according to classes II and D **.

On the middle and rear axles of buses of classes II and III *, it is allowed to use tires retreaded according to class I **. Fitting retreaded tires on the front axles of these buses is not permitted.

On all axles of trucks, trailers and semi-trailers, it is allowed to use tires retreaded according to classes I, II, III **, and on their rear axles, in addition, also according to class D **.

On the rear axle of passenger cars and buses of classes I, II, III *, middle and rear axles of trucks, on any axles of trailers and semi-trailers, it is allowed to use tires with repaired local damages and a tread pattern with a deep cutting method.

4.5.6 The absence of at least one bolt or nut for fastening the disks and wheel rims, as well as loosening of their tightening, is not allowed.

4.5.7 Cracks on the rims and disks are not allowed.

4.5.8 Visible violations of the shape and dimensions of the mounting holes in the wheel rims are not allowed.

* Determination of bus classes - according to Appendix A

** Determination of tire retreading classes according to the Rules for the operation of automobile tires.

4.6 Requirements for the engine and its systems

4.6.1 The maximum permissible content of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons in the exhaust gases of vehicles with gasoline engines is in accordance with GOST 17.2.2.03.

4.6.2 The maximum permissible smoke level of exhaust gases from vehicles with diesel engines is in accordance with GOST 21393.

4.6.3 The maximum permissible content of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons in the exhaust gases of gas-cylinder vehicles is in accordance with GOST 17.2.02.06.

4.6.4 Fuel leaks in the fuel system gasoline engines and diesels are not allowed. Fuel tank shut-off devices and fuel shut-off devices must be functional. The fuel tank caps must be fixed in the closed position; damage to the sealing elements of the caps is not allowed.

4.6.5 The gas supply system of LPG vehicles must be hermetically sealed. It is not allowed to use cylinders with expired period of their periodic examination on gas-cylinder vehicles.

4.6.6 There should be no leaks in the connections and elements of the exhaust system, and for vehicles equipped with exhaust gas converters, no leakage into the atmosphere bypassing the converter is allowed.

4.6.7 Disconnection of pipes in the crankcase ventilation system is not allowed.

4.7 Requirements for other structural elements

4.7.1 The vehicle must be equipped with rear-view mirrors in accordance with Table 10, as well as glasses, a sound signal and sun visors.

Table 10 - Requirements for equipping motor vehicles with rear-view mirrors.
		Using a mirror		Number and location of mirrors on PBX		Mirror characteristic		Class * mirrors
		Mandatory - only if there is a review and through it		One inside the PBX		Internal
		Required		One left		Outdoor, main
		Mandatory - in case of insufficient visibility through the internal mirror, in other cases - it is allowed		One on the right
		Required		One right, one left		Outdoor main
		Allowed		One on the right		Outdoor wide angle
						Outdoor side view
	Required		One right, one left		Outdoor main		2 (or 3 on one bracket with 4)
	Allowed		One inside the PBX		Internal
			One on the right		Outdoor wide angle
					Outdoor side view
N2 (over 7.5 t)	Required		One right, one left		Outdoor main		2 (or З on one bracket with 4 - only for N2)
	Allowed		One on the right		Outdoor wide angle
					Outdoor side view
			One inside the PBX		Internal
* For the class of rear-view mirrors, see 3.12. ** The mirror must be located at least 2 m above the level of the supporting surface.

4.7.2 The presence of cracks on the windshield of the vehicle in the area of \u200b\u200bcleaning half of the glass by the wiper located on the driver's side is not allowed.

4.7.3 The presence of additional objects or coatings that limit visibility from the driver's seat (with the exception of rear-view mirrors, parts of windscreen wipers, external and applied or built-in radio antennas, heating elements of defrosting and windshield drying devices) is not allowed.

In the upper part of the windshield, a strip of transparent colored film with a width of not more than 140 mm can be fastened, and on vehicles of categories MZ, N2, N3 - with a width not exceeding the minimum distance between the upper edge of the windshield and the upper boundary of the zone of its cleaning with a wiper. Light transmission of glass, including those covered with transparent colored films, must comply with GOST 5727.

Notes:

1. If there are blinds and curtains on the rear windows of passenger cars, outside mirrors are required on both sides.
2. On the side and rear windows of class 1P buses, curtains are allowed.

4.7.4 Locks of the body or cab doors, locks of the sides of the cargo platform, locks of the necks of the tanks, adjustment mechanisms and fixing devices for the driver's and passengers' seats, a sound signal, a heating and blowing device for the windshield, an anti-theft device provided by the vehicle manufacturer, an emergency switch for doors and a demand signal bus stops, bus emergency exits and devices for activating them, interior lighting devices of the bus interior, door control drive and signaling of their operation must be operational.

ATS side hinged door locks must be operable and fixed in two locking positions: intermediate and final.

4.7.5 Emergency exits in buses must be marked and have signs according to the rules for their use. It is not allowed to equip the interior of the bus with additional structural elements that restrict free access to emergency exits.

4.7.6 Means for measuring speed (speedometers) and distance traveled must be functional. Tachographs must be functional, metrologically verified in accordance with the established procedure and sealed.

4.7.7 Loosening of bolted connections and destruction of suspension parts and cardan transmission of the vehicle are not allowed.

The lever of the floor (body) level adjuster of the vehicle with air suspension in the loaded state must be in the horizontal position. The pressure at the test output of the floor level regulator for vehicles with air suspension, manufactured after 01/01/97, must correspond to that indicated in the manufacturer's plate.

4.7.8 On vehicles of categories N2, N3 and 02-04, dismantling of the rear protective device (RSP) installed by the manufacturer is not allowed. The RUP in length should be no more than the length of the rear axle and no shorter than it by more than 100 mm on each side.

4.7.9 Deformations of the front and rear bumpers cars, buses and trucks, in which the radius of curvature of the outwardly protruding parts of the bumper (with the exception of parts made of non-metallic elastic materials) is less than 5 mm, are not allowed.

4.7.10 Visible destruction, short circuits and traces of insulation breakdown of electrical wires are not allowed.

4.7.11 The lock of the fifth wheel coupling of fifth-wheel tractor vehicles must close automatically after the coupling. Manual and automatic locking of the fifth wheel coupling must prevent spontaneous uncoupling of the tractor and the semi-trailer. Cracks and local destruction of coupling parts are not allowed.

Trailers must be equipped with safety chains (ropes), which must be in good working order. The length of the safety chains (cables) must prevent contact of the drawbar eyelet with the road surface and at the same time ensure the trailer control in the event of a break (breakage) of the towing hitch. Safety chains (cables) must not be attached to the parts of the towing hitch or its fastening parts.

Trailers (except for single-axle and uncoupled trailers) must be equipped with a device that supports the drawbar hitching eye in a position that facilitates hitching and uncoupling with a towing vehicle.

Longitudinal backlash is not allowed in backlash-free towing hitch devices with a traction fork for a tractor coupled to a trailer.

Traction couplings of passenger cars must provide a backlash-free coupling of the lock device with a ball. Spontaneous uncoupling is not allowed.

4.7.12 Front towing devices of vehicles (except for trailers and semi-trailers) equipped with these devices must be operable.

4.7.13 The diameter of the coupling pin of the coupling devices of semi-trailers maximum mass up to 40 t should be in the range from the nominal, equal to 50.9 mm, to the maximum permissible, which is 48.3 mm, and the largest inner diameter of the working surfaces of the claws of the coupling device - from 50.8 mm to 55 mm.

The diameter in the longitudinal plane of the throat of the pulling hook of the "hook-loop" towing system of trucks-tractors must be within the range from the minimum, which is 48.0 mm, to the maximum permissible, equal to 53.0 mm, and the smallest diameter of the cross-section of the bar of the coupling loop - from 43.9 mm to 36 mm.

The diameter of the pivot of the backlash-free towing couplings with a drawbar should be within the range from the nominal 38.5 mm to the maximum allowable 36.4 mm.

The diameter of the ball of the towing hitch of passenger cars must be in the range from the nominal, equal to 50.0 mm, to the maximum allowable, equal to 49.6 mm.

4.7.14 ATS must be equipped with seat belts in accordance with the requirements of operational documents.

It is not allowed to use seat belts with the following defects:

tear on the strap, visible to the naked eye;

the lock does not fix the “tongue” of the strap or does not throw it out after pressing the button of the locking device;

the webbing does not extend or retract into the retractor (coil);

when the strap is pulled sharply, it does not stop (blocking) its pulling out of the retractor (coil) equipped with a double blocking mechanism for the strap.

4.7.15 ATS must be equipped with a first-aid kit, an emergency stop sign (or a flashing red light), and vehicles of categories M3, N2, N3, in addition, also have anti-rollback stops (at least two). Cars and trucks must be equipped with at least one fire extinguisher, and buses and trucks intended for the transport of people - two, one of which must be located in the driver's cab, and the second in the passenger compartment (body). The use of fire extinguishers without seals and (or) with expired shelf life is not allowed. The first aid kit must be equipped with suitable medications.

4.7.16 Handrails in buses, a spare wheel, batteries, seats, as well as fire extinguishers and a first aid kit on vehicles equipped with devices for their fastening must be securely fixed in the places provided for by the vehicle design.

4.7.17 On vehicles equipped with mechanisms for longitudinal adjustment of the position of the cushion and the angle of inclination of the seat back or a mechanism for moving the seat (for getting in and out of passengers), these mechanisms must be operational. After the termination of regulation or use, these mechanisms should be automatically blocked.

4.7.18 The height of the head restraint from the seat cushion in the free (uncompressed) state, on vehicles manufactured after 01.01.99 and equipped with head restraints not adjustable in height, must be at least 800 mm, the height of the adjustable head restraint in the middle position - (800 ± 5) mm ... For vehicles manufactured before 01.01.99, the specified value may be reduced to (750 ± 5) mm.

4.7.19 ATS should be equipped with anti-wheel dirt protection devices provided for in the design. The width of these devices must be at least the width of the tires used.

4.7.20 The vertical static load on the towing device of the vehicle from the hitching eye of a single-axle trailer (dismantling trailer) in the loaded state should not exceed 490 N. With a vertical static load from the trailer's hitching loop of more than 490 N, the front support leg must be equipped with a lifting-lowering mechanism that ensures the installation of the towing eye in the position of hitching (uncoupling) the trailer with the tractor.

4.7.21 Spare wheel holder, winch and spare wheel lifting-lowering mechanism must be functional. The winch ratchet device must clearly fix the drum with the lashing rope.

4.7.22 Semi-trailers must be equipped with a supporting device that must be functional. Locks for the transport position of the supports, designed to prevent their spontaneous lowering when the vehicle is moving, must be operational. The mechanisms for raising and lowering the supports must be functional. The ratchet device of the lifting and lowering winches of the supports must clearly fix the drum with the lashing rope, preventing it from sagging.

4.7.23 Dropping of oils and working fluids from the engine, gearbox, final drives, rear axle, clutch, battery, cooling and air conditioning systems and additional hydraulic devices installed on the vehicle are not allowed.

4.7.24 Equipping vehicles with special light and (or) sound signals, applying a special color-graphic painting in accordance with GOST R 50574 without the appropriate permission is not allowed.

4.7.25 Color schemes for painting vehicles of operational and special services, special light and sound signals must comply with GOST R 50574.

4.7.26 Placement of special light signals not on the roof of the vehicle body (cabin) is not allowed.

4.8 Requirements for vehicle marking

4.8.1 ATS manufactured after 01/01/2000 must be marked, the content and location of which must comply with the requirements of regulatory documents.

4.8.2 State registration plates on the ATS must be installed and fixed in the designated places in accordance with GOST R 50577.

4.8.3 For vehicles equipped with a gas supply system, their passport data, including the dates of the current and subsequent survey, must be marked on the outer surface of the gas cylinders.

5. Methods of verification.

5.1 Methods for checking brake control

5.1.1 Characteristics of the brake control test methods.

5.1.1.1 The efficiency of braking and stability of the vehicle during braking is checked at stands or in road conditions.

5.1.1.2. The working and spare braking systems are checked for braking efficiency and vehicle stability during braking, and the parking and auxiliary braking systems - for braking efficiency. The use of indicators and methods for checking the effectiveness of braking and stability of vehicles during braking by various braking systems is summarized in Appendix B.

5.1.1.3 The measuring instruments used during the verification must be efficient and metrologically verified. The measurement error should not exceed when determining:

braking distance ± 5.0%

initial braking speed ± 1.0 km / h

braking force ± 3.0%

efforts on the control body ± 7.0%

brake response time ± 0.03 s

brake system lag time ± 0.03 s

deceleration rise time ± 0.03 s

steady-state deceleration ± 4.0%

air pressure in pneumatic or pneumohydraulic brake actuator +5.0%

pushing forces of the coupling device of trailers equipped with an inertial brake + 5.0%

longitudinal slope of the platform for braking ± 1.0%

vehicle mass ± 3.0%

Note - The requirement for the stopping distance measurement error does not apply to the calculated definition of this indicator according to Appendix D.

5.1.1.4 It is allowed to check the indicators of braking efficiency and stability of the vehicle during braking by methods and methods equivalent to those established by this standard, if they are regulated by regulatory documents.

5.1.2 Conditions for checking the technical condition of the brake control

5.1.2.1 The vehicle is tested with “cold” brakes.

5.1.2.2 The tires of the vehicle tested at the vehicle stand must be clean, dry, and the pressure in them must comply with the standard set by the vehicle manufacturer in the operating documentation. The pressure is checked in completely cooled tires using pressure gauges corresponding to GOST 9921.

5.1.2.3 Inspections at stands and on the road (except for checking the auxiliary brake system) are carried out with the engine running and disconnected from the transmission, as well as with the drives disconnected, additional driving axles and unlocked transmission differentials (if these units are available in the vehicle design).

5.1.2.4 Indicators according to 4.1.1, 4.1.3-4.1.5 are checked on a roller stand for checking brake systems, if available on front seat ATC categories

Ml and N1 driver and passenger. The force of impact on the control of the brake system is increased to the value provided for in 4.1.1 or 4.1.5, or 4.1.7, during the actuation time according to the manual (instructions) for the operation of the stand.

5.1.2.5 The wear of the stand rollers until the corrugated surface is completely erased or the abrasive coating of the rollers is destroyed.

5.1.2.6. Road checks shall be carried out on a straight, level, horizontal, dry, clean road with cement or asphalt concrete pavement. Braking by the working brake system is carried out in the emergency full braking mode by a single action on the control body. The time for full actuation of the brake system control shall not exceed 0.2 s.

5.1.2.7 Correction of the vehicle trajectory during braking when checking the service braking system in road conditions is not allowed (unless it is required to ensure the safety of checks). If such an adjustment was made, then the results of the check are not taken into account.

5.1.2.8 The total mass of the technical means of diagnostics used for checks in road conditions shall not exceed 25 kg.

5.1.2.9 Vehicles equipped with ABS are checked in the road conditions specified in 5.1.2.6.

5.1.2.10 When carrying out inspections of the technical condition on the stands and on the road, the instructions for work safety and the manuals (instructions) for the operation of the roller stand must be observed.

5.1.3 Checking the service brake system

5.1.3.1 For checking at the stands, vehicles are sequentially installed with the wheels of each of the axles on the stand rollers. The engine, additional drive axles are disconnected from the transmission and the transmission differentials are unlocked, the engine is started and the minimum stable crankshaft speed is set. Measurements are carried out in accordance with the manual (instructions) for the operation of the roller stand. For roller stands that do not measure the mass of the vehicle wheels, use weighing devices or reference data on the vehicle mass. Measurements and registration of indicators on the stand are performed for each vehicle axle and the indicators of the specific braking force and the relative difference in the braking forces of the axle wheels are calculated according to 4.1.1, 4.1.3, 4.1.4.

5.1.3.2 For road trains, when checking at stands, the values \u200b\u200bof the specific braking force must be determined separately for the tractor and the trailer (semitrailer) equipped with the brake control. The obtained values \u200b\u200bare compared with the standards for vehicles with an engine according to 4.1.1, and for trailers and semi-trailers according to 4.1.4.

5.1.3.3 When checking the vehicle braking efficiency in road conditions without measuring the braking distance, it is allowed to directly measure the indicators of steady deceleration and the response time of the braking system or calculate the braking distance indicator according to the procedure specified in Appendix D, based on the results of measuring the steady deceleration, the brake system lag time and a deceleration rise time at a predetermined initial deceleration speed.

5.1.3.4 When checking on stands, the relative difference in braking forces is calculated according to Appendix D and the resulting value is compared with the maximum permissible according to 4.1.3. Measurements and calculations are repeated for the wheels of each vehicle axle.

5.1.3.5 The stability of the vehicle when braking in road conditions is checked by performing braking within the standard traffic corridor. The axis, right and left boundaries of the traffic corridor are preliminarily designated by parallel markings on the road surface. Before braking, the vehicle must move in a straight line with the set initial speed along the axis of the corridor. The exit of the vehicle by any part of it outside the normative traffic corridor is established visually by the position of the vehicle projection onto the supporting surface or by the device for testing brake systems in road conditions when the measured value of the displacement of the vehicle in the transverse direction exceeds half the difference between the width of the standard traffic corridor and the maximum width of the vehicle.

5.1.3.6 When checking in road conditions the braking efficiency of the working brake system and the stability of the vehicle during braking, deviations of the initial braking speed from the value set in 4.1.1, 1.4.1.2 are allowed no more than ± 4 km / h. In this case, the braking distance standards must be recalculated according to the methodology described in Appendix D.

5.1.3.7 Based on the results of checks in road conditions or at stands, the indicators specified in 5.1.3.3, 5.1.3.5 or 5.1.3.1, 5.1.3.2, 5.1.3.4, respectively, are calculated using the methodology described in Appendix D. The vehicle is considered to have passed the test of braking efficiency and stability when braking with the service braking system if the calculated values \u200b\u200bof these indicators correspond to the standards given in 4.1.1-4.1.4. For vehicles that are not equipped with ABS, instead of compliance with the specific braking force standards 4.1.1, it is allowed to block all the wheels of the vehicle on the stand rollers.

5.1.4 Checking the parking and emergency braking system

5.1.4.1 Checking the parking brake system in road conditions is carried out by placing the vehicle on the supporting surface with a slope equal to that specified in 4.1.5, braking the vehicle with the service brake system, and then with the parking brake system, while simultaneously measuring the force applied to the parking control brake system, and then disconnect the service brake system. The verification determines the possibility of providing stationary ATS under the influence of the parking brake system for at least 1 min.

5.1.4.2 Testing at the stand is carried out by alternately driving the stand rollers into rotation and braking the wheels of the vehicle axle, which is affected by the parking brake system. A force according to 4.1.5 is applied to the control of the parking brake system, controlling it with an error not more than that specified in 5.1.1.3. Based on the results of the check, similar to that described in 5.1.3.1, calculate the specific braking force according to the method described in Appendix D, taking into account the notes to Table A.1 in Appendix A, and compare the resulting value with the standard value calculated according to 4.1.5. The vehicle is considered to have passed the braking efficiency test with the parking brake system if the specific braking force is not less than the calculated standard or if the wheels of the tested axle are blocked on the stand rollers according to 4.1.5.

5.1.4.3 The requirements of 4.1.7 are checked at the stands by the methods established for checking the service brake system in 5.1.2.1-5.1.2.4, 5.1.2.9, 5.1.3.1,5.1.3.2,5.1.3.7.

5.1.5 Checking the auxiliary brake system

5.1.5.1. The auxiliary braking system is checked in road conditions by activating it and measuring the vehicle deceleration when braking in the speed range specified in 4.1.6. In this case, the transmission of the vehicle must be engaged in a gear that excludes exceeding the maximum permissible engine speed.

5.1.5.2 An indicator of the braking performance of the auxiliary braking system in road conditions is the steady-state deceleration value. The vehicle is considered to have passed the braking efficiency test by the auxiliary braking system if the steady-state deceleration corresponds to the normative one in 4.1.6. 5.1.6 Checking units and parts of brake systems 5.1.6.1 Requirements 4.1.8, 4.1.9 and 4.1.15 are checked using pressure gauges or electronic meters connected to the test leads or connecting heads of the brake drive of a stationary tractor and trailer. When using pressure drop meters with smaller measurement errors, it is allowed to adjust the standards for the measurement period and the maximum allowable air pressure drop in the brake drive according to the method described in Appendix E. When checking the requirement 4.1.15 to the value of the spring tension of the brake force regulator, use a dynamometer. Leaks in wheel brake chambers are detected using an electronic compressed air leak detector or organoleptically.

5.1.6.2 Requirements 4.1.10, 4.1.12-4.1.13 are checked visually on a stationary vehicle.

5.1.6.3 Requirements 4.1.11 are checked on a stationary vehicle with the engine running by visual observation of the working functioning of the tested units.

5.1.6.4 Requirements 4.1.14 are checked on the stands or on the road during checks of the braking efficiency and stability of the vehicle when braking with the working brake system according to 5.1.3 without performing additional braking by observing the nature of the change in braking forces or deceleration of the vehicle when acting on the body brake system control.

5.1.6.5 Requirements 4.1.16 are checked in road conditions by means of preliminary acceleration of the vehicle, speed control, emergency braking and observation of traces of wheel braking, as well as visual control of the functioning of the ABS warning devices in all modes of its operation.

6.1.6.6 The requirements of 4.1.17 are checked using a ruler.

5.1.6.7 Requirements 4.1.18 are checked by disconnecting the braking inertial-mechanical drive rod from the control device and applying force to the coupling head using a compression dynamometer with an error not more than specified in 5.1.1.3.

5.2 Steering test methods

5.2.1 Requirements 4.2.1,4.2.4 are checked with a stationary vehicle with the engine running by alternately turning the steering wheel to maximum angle in each direction.

5.2.2 Requirement 4.2.2 is checked by observing the position of the steering wheel on a stationary vehicle with power steering after setting the steering wheel to a position approximately corresponding to straight-line movement and starting the engine.

5.2.3 Requirement 4.2.3 is checked on a stationary vehicle using devices for determining the total backlash in the steering, fixing the steering wheel rotation angle and the beginning of the steering wheel rotation.

5.2.3.1 The steered wheels must be preliminarily brought to a position approximately corresponding to straight-line movement, and the engine of the vehicle equipped with the power-assisted steering must be running.

5.2.3.2. The steering wheel is turned to the position corresponding to the beginning of turning the steered wheels of the vehicle in one direction, and then in the other direction until the position corresponding to the beginning of turning the steered wheels in the opposite direction. In this case, the angle between the specified extreme positions of the steering wheel is measured, which is the total play in the steering.

5.2.3.3 The maximum measurement error of the total backlash is not more than 1 °. The vehicle is considered to have passed the test if the total backlash does not exceed the standards in 4.2.3.

5.2.4 The requirements of 4.2.5 are checked organoleptically on a stationary vehicle with the engine off by applying loads to the steering units and tapping threaded connections.

5.2.4.1 Axial displacement and oscillation of the steering wheel, oscillation of the steering column is carried out by applying alternating forces to the steering wheel in the direction of the steering shaft axis and in the plane of the steering wheel perpendicular to the column, as well as alternating moments of forces in two mutually perpendicular planes passing through the axis of the steering column ...

5.2.4.2 Mutual movements of the steering drive parts, the fastening of the steering gear housing and the pivot pins levers are checked by turning the steering wheel relative to the neutral position by 40 ° - 60 ° in each direction and by applying an alternating force directly to the steering drive parts. To visually assess the condition of the hinge joints, use stands for checking the steering drive.

5.2.4.3 The operability of the device for fixing the position of the steering column is checked by activating it and then swinging the steering column with its fixed position by applying alternating forces to the steering wheel in the plane of the steering wheel perpendicular to the column in mutually perpendicular planes passing through the axis of the steering column.

5.2.5 Requirements of 4.2.6 are checked visually on a stationary vehicle.

5.2.6 Requirements 4.2.7 are checked by measuring the tension of the power steering pump drive belt on a stationary vehicle using special devices for simultaneous control of effort and displacement, or using a ruler and a dynamometer with a maximum error of not more than 7%.

5.3 Methods for checking external lighting devices and reflective markings

5.3.1 Requirements 4.3.1, 4.3.3, 4.3.12, 4.3.15 - 4.3.17, 4.3.19 - 4.3.21 are checked visually, including when switching on and off lighting devices.

5.3.2 The requirements of 4.3.2,4.3.22 are checked visually.

5.3.3 Requirements 4.3.4-4.3.11,4.3.13,4.3.14 are checked with the vehicle engine off at a special post equipped with a working platform, a flat screen with a matte coating, a light meter with a photodetector (protected from extraneous light) and a device, orienting the mutual arrangement of the PBX and the screen. Requirements 4.3.4,4.3.6,4.3.10 are checked on vehicles in running order (except for vehicles of category Ml), and on vehicles of category ML - with a load of (70 ± 20) kg on the driver's seat (person or cargo).

5.3.3.1 The dimensions of the working platform should, when the vehicle is placed on it, ensure a distance of at least 5 m between the lens of the vehicle light device and the screen along the reference axis. The unevenness of the working platform is not more than 3 mm per 1 m.

5.3.3.2 The angle between the plane of the screen and the work platform shall be (90 ± 3) °.

5.3.3.3 The orienting device must ensure that the vehicle is installed so that the reference axis of the lighting device is parallel to the plane of the working platform and is in the plane perpendicular to the planes of the screen and the working platform with an error of no more than ± 0.5 °.

5.3.3.4 The screen layout should provide verification of the requirements of 4.3.4-4.3.8,4.3.10,4.3.11. The permissible error when measuring indicators according to 4.3.4 and 4.3.10 should not be more than: for angular values \u200b\u200b.... ± 15 ", for linear values \u200b\u200bat a distance of 10 m from the screen ..., ± 44 mm, at a distance of 5 m to the screen .... ± 22 mm.

5.3.3.5 When checking the requirements of 4.3.13, 4.3.14, the photodetector is placed at a distance (3 ± 0.1) m from the lens of the light device along its reference axis.

5.3.4 To check the requirements of 4.3.4-4.3.8,4.3.10,4.3.11 it is allowed to use a measuring device with an orienting device instead of a screen.

5.3.4.1 The diameter of the lens inlet must be at least as large as the headlamp.

5.3.4.2 Optical axis measuring instrument should be directed parallel to the platform with an error of not more than ± 0.25 °.

5.3.4.3 A movable screen with markings shall be installed in the focal plane of the lens to ensure verification of the requirements of 4.3.4-4.3.8,4.3.10,4.3.11.

5.3.4.4 The orienting device should ensure the installation of the optical axis of the device parallel to the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the vehicle (or perpendicular to the axis of the rear wheels) with an error of not more than ± 0.5 °.

5.3.5 Measurements of luminous intensity 4.3.5, 4.3.9, 4.3.11, 4.3.13 are carried out using a photodetector adjusted to the average curve of the spectral sensitivity of the eye. The sensitivity of the photodetector must correspond to the intervals of allowable luminous intensity values \u200b\u200baccording to 4.3.5, 4.3.9, 4.3.11, 4.3.13. The permissible error when measuring indicators according to 4.3.5, 4.3.9, 4.3.11, 4.3.13, 4.3.18 should not exceed 7%.

The diameter of the photodetector should be no more than 30 mm - when working with a screen according to 5.3.3 and no more than 6 mm - when working with a measuring device according to 5.3.4.

5.3.6 Requirements 4.3.18 to the repetition rate of flashes of direction indicators are checked by at least 10 flashes using a measuring device or a universal time meter with a countdown from 1 to 60 s and a division value of not more than 1 s.

5.4 Methods for checking wipers and washers

The performance of the wipers and washers is checked visually during their working operation at a minimum stable crankshaft speed at idling ATC engine. When checking the wipers with electrically driven the main beam headlamps must be on. The requirements of 4.4.2 are checked using a universal time meter with a counting from 1 to 60 s (hours, stopwatch, etc.) and a graduation of not more than 1 s.

5.5 Methods for checking tires and wheels

5.5.1 The requirements of 4.5.1 are checked by measuring the residual height of the tire tread pattern using special templates or a ruler.

5.5.1.1 The height of the pattern with uniform wear of the tire tread is measured in the area bounded by a rectangle, the width of which is not more than half the width of the tread track, and the length is equal to 1/6 of the tire circumference (corresponds to the length of the arc, the chord of which is equal to the tire radius), located in the middle tread track, and in case of uneven wear - in several sections with different wear, the total area of \u200b\u200bwhich has the same value.

5.5.1.2. The height of the pattern is measured at the places where the tread is most worn out, but not at the areas where the wear indicators, half-bridges and steps are located at the base of the tread pattern.

The limit wear of tires with wear indicators is recorded with uniform wear of the tread pattern by the appearance of one indicator, and in case of uneven wear - by the appearance of two indicators in each of the two wheel sections.

The height of the tread pattern of tires having a solid rib at the center of the tread is measured at the edges of this rib.

The height of the tread pattern of off-road tires is measured between the lugs in the center or in the places least distant from the center of the treadmill, but not along the ledges at the base of the lugs and not along the half-bridges.

5.5.2 Requirements 4.5.3-4.5.8 are checked visually and by tapping bolted joints and fastening parts of disks and wheel rims.

5.6 Methods for checking the engine and its systems

5.6.1 The requirements of 4.6.1 are checked in accordance with GOST 17.2.2.03.

5.6.2 The requirements of 4.6.2 are checked in accordance with GOST 21393.

5.6.3 The requirements of 4.6.3 are checked in accordance with GOST 17.2.02.06.

5.6.4 The requirements of 4.6.4-4.6.6 are checked organoleptically and by activating the shut-off devices of the fuel tanks and the fuel shut-off devices while the engine is running. The technical condition of the fuel tank caps is checked by double opening and closing, the safety of the sealing elements of the caps is checked visually. The tightness of the gas supply system is checked using a special indicator device - a leak detector.

5.6.5 The requirements of 4.6.7 are checked visually.

5.7 Methods for checking other structural elements

5.7.1 Requirements 4.7.1-4.7.3,4.7.5,4.7.10,4.7.12,4.7.15,4.7.26 are checked visually. Light transmission of glasses according to 4.7.3 is checked according to GOST 27902.

5.7.2 Requirements 4.7.4,4.7.11,4.7.14,4.7.17,4.7.21,4.7.22,4.7.24,4.7.25 are checked by inspection, actuation and observation of the functioning and technical condition of the vehicle parts ...

5.7.3 Requirements 4.7.6 are checked visually by the change in the speedometer readings when the vehicle is moving in road conditions or on a roller stand to check the speedometers, or to check the traction and power qualities. The performance of the tachographs is checked organoleptically.

5.7.4 The requirements of 4.7.7 are checked visually and by tapping the bolted connections, and, if necessary, using a torque wrench. The pressure at the test terminal of the floor level regulator is measured with a manometer or an electronic meter, the maximum measurement error for which does not exceed 5.0%.

5.7.5 Requirements 4.7.8, 4.7.18,4.7.19 are checked visually and using a ruler, and requirement 4.7.18 is allowed to be checked using a special template.

5.7.6 Requirements 4.7.9, 4.7.13 are checked visually using special templates for checking the inner and outer diameters of wearing parts or by measuring the indicated diameters with a vernier caliper after disengaging the tractor and trailer (semi-trailer).

5.7.7 The requirements of 4.7.16 are checked by applying non-standardized forces to parts of the vehicle.

5.7.8 The requirements of 4.7.20 are checked by measuring the vertical load on the trailer hitching eye with a dynamometer in the drawbar position corresponding to the hitch position.

6.1. BM can be transported by special, specialized vehicles * and general purpose vehicles, adapted for these purposes, running on liquid or gaseous fuels.

* Special car - a car designed for transportation in M; specialized vehicle - a vehicle equipped for transporting VM.

In the absence of roadways, the vehicle may be transported by tractors or other tracked vehicles. The method of transportation, as well as the procedure for equipping such vehicles, taking into account specific conditions, must be agreed with the Gosgortechnadzor of Russia.

6.2. In vehicles designed and equipped for the transportation of VM, as well as general purpose vehicles that are systematically (more than twice a week) used for these purposes, the exhaust pipe of the muffler must be brought out to the right side in front of the radiator.

If the location of the engine does not allow such a conversion, it is allowed to lead the exhaust pipe to the right side outside the areas of the body (tank) and fuel communication. In this case, as well as in the case of one-time transportation of BM on general purpose vehicles, it is necessary to install a serial production spark arrestor on the exhaust pipe or made according to technical documentation developed by a specialized organization that has passed the appropriate examination.

6.3. Carriage of BM by dump trucks is prohibited.

In exceptional cases, with the written permission of the head of the company carrying out the transportation, it is allowed to transport TNT, ammonium nitrate explosives, including those with a liquid nitro ester content of not more than 15%, detonating and fire cords on dump trucks not equipped with a body heating system, with reliable body fastening, excluding its overturning, with installation on the spark arrester outlet pipe.

6.4. BM, with the exception of detonators and black powder, can be transported on caravans. In this case, the transportation of BM on single-axle trailers, as well as trailers without a rigid coupling and brakes, is prohibited.

It is allowed to transport BM in specialized trailer vans, equipped with special vehicles.

6.5. The metal parts of the body (bottom and sides) of cars and caravans transporting BM must be covered with a continuous flooring made of a flame-resistant material that excludes sparking. The wood used for the manufacture of flooring must be impregnated with a fire retardant recommended by a specialized expert organization for work safety.

6.6. The engine of the vehicle transporting the BM must operate normally.

6.7. The fuel tank (except for gas cylinders) must be equipped with metal shields on the side of the front and rear walls, and a steel mesh with cells of 10 ´ 10 mm (perforated sheet) should be installed on the bottom side; the distance from the fuel tank to the shields and the net must be at least 20 mm.

The fuel tank must be away from the engine, electrical wires and exhaust pipe so that in the event of a fuel leak, it will spill directly onto the ground.

6.8. The electrical equipment of vehicles carrying BM must meet the following requirements:

rated voltage should not exceed 24 V;

electrical circuits must be protected from high currents by factory-made fuses and a disconnect switch operated from the driver's cab;

the electrical wiring must have reliable insulation to prevent short circuits, be firmly attached and located so that it cannot be damaged from impacts and friction against a part of the vehicle, and also be protected from the thermal effects of the exhaust system;

electrical wiring should be made of wires with a seamless sheath that does not corrode.

6.9. The vehicle must be equipped with rear-view mirrors on both sides. The driver and the person accompanying the cargo are obliged to monitor the condition of the cargo and immediately take measures to eliminate any malfunctions that occur along the way.

6.10. A vehicle with a "van" body type, transporting BM, the body must be completely closed, durable, have no cracks, internal wiring and must be separated from the driver's cab by a gap of at least 150 mm. The wood used for the manufacture of the body must be impregnated with a fire retardant compound (see p. 6.5). For interior lining, non-sparking materials should be used. It is forbidden to use materials that can form dangerous compounds with the transported cargo.

The van door should be located on the right side of the vehicle. It is allowed to install a door in the rear wall of the van, provided that it is equipped with an alarm brought into the cab of the car and triggered when the door is opened. The door must be locked with an internal lock and have a device that prevents it from opening in the event of a lock out of engagement. For interior lighting of the van, it is necessary to use a lamp, the shade of which should be installed in the upper part of the front wall of the body with external electrical wiring laid in a protective casing.

In a vehicle of the type "mobile warehouse VM", the workplace of the warehouse manager (distributor) should be equipped, and in the front right corner of the van - a compartment for initiating means with a door opening outward.

Body special car should be a structure of increased strength, excluding bullet shooting, and have a built-in fire extinguishing system. The painting and equipment of the body of a special car must comply with the regulatory and technical documentation.

6.11. If as a cover open bodies For vehicles intended for the transportation of BM, fabric is used, then it must be flame-resistant, waterproof, well-stretched and overlap the sides of the body by at least 200 mm. The fabric should be secured on special hooks and loops installed on all sides of the body.

6.12. The technical condition and equipment of vehicles carrying VMs must meet the requirements of the rules and guidelines for their technical operation, taking into account the need to protect the environment.

6.13. Each vehicle intended for transportation of BM is completed with:

a red flag attached to the left side of the cab;

wheel chocks, the dimensions of which must correspond to the type of vehicle;

three fire extinguishers with a capacity of at least 5 liters each;

non-flammable waterproof cloth;

a set of tools for minor (emergency) vehicle repair;

a flashing red light or an emergency stop sign;

two signs "No entry";

first aid kit;

a set of snow chains. The need to equip vehicles with two or more driving axles with snow chains is determined by the technical manager of the company that transports the vehicle.

In the case of transportation of pyrotechnic compositions and products, the vehicle is equipped with a shovel and a supply of dry sand in an amount of at least 50 kg.

6.14. Carriage of VM on faulty vehicles, as well as in the presence of foreign products and materials in the bodies is prohibited.

6.15. The responsible person of the transport department (garage), appointed by the order, before the release of the vehicle intended for the carriage of BM, must check its technical condition in the presence of the driver and in waybill a note confirmed by the signature was made: "The car has been checked, serviceable and suitable for transporting BM". In the absence of the specified record, the issue of VM for transportation is prohibited. The list of indicators of the technical condition of the vehicle to be checked is approved by the technical director of the enterprise.

At enterprises (in organizations) conducting blasting operations (work with VM), the persons responsible for the release of the vehicle on a voyage must be certified by the commission of the enterprise with the participation of representatives of the state technical supervision authorities and the traffic police (as agreed).

6.16. Vehicles carrying VMs must be submitted to the state traffic inspectorate for inspection twice a year.

Maintenance vehicles approved for carriage of BM must be carried out in accordance with the established procedure, including in the vehicle shop (garage) of the enterprise, in accordance with the requirements of the operational documentation.

In connection with innovations in matters of technical inspection of cars, which, in fact, will be canceled in early August this year, there have been changes in matters of monitoring the technical condition of the car. Thus, the traffic police came up with the idea of \u200b\u200bbringing mobile stations to the roads to check the serviceability of cars, which will be equipped "to the teeth." I still can hardly imagine how it will look, but still the fact is on the face. And therefore, I recommend that you familiarize yourself with the list of faults that the traffic cops will look for in accordance with the current edition of the SDA. The list below shows the faults for which the vehicle does not comply with the regulations.

1. Defective brakes

In the event of a malfunction on the road, the driver is obliged to stop and fix it. If this is not possible, move as short as possible to the parking lot or repair site with the alarm on.

• Brake even from 40 km per hour exceeds 14.7 m
• The design of the brake system has been changed
• Hydraulic actuator flows
• Parking brake does not work

2. Problems with steering

• Steering play exceeds 10 degrees
• Changes to the steering wheel design (including "non-native" parts)
• Defective power steering

3. Lighting devices

• The headlight adjustment is broken
• Headlights / lanterns are tinted
• Parking lights do not work, hazard warning lights
• The lamp of the left headlight does not light up in the low beam mode
• Quantity, type, color, placement and mode of operation do not match the design

4. Windscreen wipers and washers do not work

5. Wheels and tires

• Tread pattern less than 1.6 mm
• Tires are damaged (cuts, tears, exposed cord) and / or are not fit
• One axle installed different tires (by type, size, tread pattern, properties)

6. Engine

• Fuel leaking
• Noticeable smoke from the exhaust pipe
• The content of harmful substances in exhaust gases exceeds the norms

7. Case

• Missing bumper
• There are no rear-view mirrors
• Tinting does not meet the standards (GOST 5727-88)

8. Salon

• Windscreen does not work
• Speedometer does not work
• Beep does not work
• No first aid kit, warning triangle, fire extinguisher
• No seat belts (or they are faulty), head restraints
• The driver's seat adjustment mechanism and power windows do not work
• The glass is blocked by foreign objects impairing your view

Having looked through this list, I immediately went through each item and assessed my "kopeck" for compliance - and found that I only do not have seat belts and then only the rear ones, which I have not yet found in our city. And everything else is normal and normal. Much has been completed recently - there will be a photo report about this a little later. But nevertheless, questions arise: for example, what if a person goes to work in the morning without breaking anything, but he is slowed down and forced to undergo an inspection right on the road ?! Or here's another, old cars, namely old ones, not "killed", but simply cars in which some means are not always available - for example, the same VAZ-2101, there is no factory emergency gang in it. Or "Making changes to the steering wheel design (including" non-native "parts)" - I have a "six-wheel" steering wheel and a steering column cover from the "five" on my "Kopeyka", how to consider this? - "non-native parts" or "design changes"?

Although I heard that Anatoly Mogilev (Minister of Internal Affairs) stated that only those cars that are obliged to pass it in accordance with the new law, and these are buses, taxis, trucks, etc., will pass technical control on the road. But the minister's statements are one thing, and the letter of the Law is another. And there is nothing on the letter of the Law yet. Well, we will wait and patch up the "jambs" of our cars until "it smells of fried singed rubber."