Adverse weather conditions have their negative impact on safety. road. They worsen visibility and limit the driver's review, interfering with him correctly and timely assess the road situation. An important role in ensuring security in conditions of poor visibility plays an optical lighting of the car.
On this car in the fog, headlamps are installed xenon
Why car fog lights?
Lighting lights, lights of dimensions and warning stop signals that make up the optical system perform their specific functions for detecting machines on the roads and driving a car in the dark time. In addition, fog lights are installed on many cars. The fighting headlights are installed. The correct choice and installation will allow you to use them not only in the fog, but also in other situations. What should be these headlights, how to use them for their intended purpose than they differ from ordinary lighting devices, not everyone knows.
Most drivers are convinced that these headlights should have only yellow windows or light filters, although the rules negotiate that fog headlight filters can be painted in white or yellow color. They adhere to opinions - yellow light Further applies to the fog than the usual one. In fact, the color little affects the distance of the spread of light in the fog.
In fog lights, the main role is played by the correct direction of the light flow. The headlight generates a wide in the horizontal plane and a light thread narrow in the vertical plane, which is located low above the surface of the road and is directed along it. It is known that the fog rarely takes to the ground. Therefore, it turns out that the fog is highlighted by the headlights below.
This illuminates the road, and the rest of the space hides in the shadow of the fog. Thus, the fight against the fog is carried out at the expense of a special distribution of the light flux. Yellow and white light have in its spectrum the maximum intensity of light energy, compared with the density of energy in red, green, blue, purple light is much smaller.
Even the most correctly exhibited fog gives the visibility of the road in the fog no further than ten meters. But this is quite enough, because in the fog, cars move on ultra-long speeds. The advantage of these headlights compared to ordinary is that they are illuminated and the side of the road, allowing you to see the side of the road markup line.
You can include them in the process of movement together with dimensions. Some drivers are installed behind a red lamp, which burns brighter than the stop signal and overall lights, and allows the driver from behind the coming transport to notice the car in the fog. This lamp is as well as far light Conventional headlights should be turned on regardless of day, if the fog fell on the road.
Rear red fog lights
Fog lights can be used with the benefit for the safety of motion not only in the conditions of fog, but under normal conditions in the dark time. For example, they are extremely useful in the dark on narrow mountain serpentines and winding forest roads when it is required to constantly control the sidelines. On such roads it is recommended to include the "fog" in a pair with the near light of the main headlights. At the same time, the visibility of the road and curb is improved. The correct use of light instruments available on the car will allow you to confidently navigate in difficult weather conditions.
Installation of fog lights
The correct installation of the headlights has a decisive effect on the efficiency of their intended use. They are mounted on the lower part of the front bumper, at an altitude of at least 25 cm of the road canvas. The number of headlights should be two - one on each side at the same distance from the edges of the car (no further 40cm from the continuation outside diffuser). The optimal distance between the fog light bulbs is 120 cm.
Due to the fact that the light flux of fog headlamps is clearly limited on the upper edge, the light from them does not fall on the microscopic fog droplets, which are before the driver's eyes and is not reflected from them, creating an impermeable white wall of light, as it turns out when the main headlights are turned on.
Something useful for you:
How to choose "fog"
- In color. Glass on fog lights should be milk or yellow color. The optical rays of such a spectrum are well scattered in a foggy environment. By purchasing headlights with red or blue windows, you risk running into a fine on the part of the traffic police inspectors, as they cannot be installed ahead of the car. It should be kept in mind one feature regarding the use of lamps - in the headlights with a yellow filter, it is better to use white light lamps, and in the headlights with a white light filter it is better to use light light bulbs.
- On labeling. When choosing the headlight, pay attention to its marking, in which the presence of the letter "E" with one or two digits in the circle means that it is certified by one of the European countries (the numbers indicate the code european state). Following this symbol, the letter of the Latin alphabet is coming, denoting the type and purpose of the headlight. For foglights chosen the letter "B". As a light source mainly used halogen lamps Categories H1, H3 with one thread and power consumed no more than 60W, which form a light flux with a wide range of radiation.
Video: Fog lights + daylight running lights Angel eyes on Chevrolet Sonic
Types of fog lights
Currently, three types of headlights used in the fog are popular among motorists:
- LED fog is the most popular and economical type of headlights with low power consumed and a long service life. Advantage lED fleece is also wide choose Radiation colors, high brightness of light stream and small heating headlights.
- Xenon headlights - the most popular type of owners dear Marks Auto. The emitted light of these headlights is as close as possible to the sunlight, which provides good fog mapping and reduces the physical activity on the eye of the chaffin. Compared to conventional headlights, they have an increased resource, higher efficiency, less consume electricity.
- Halogen fog lights - in many technical indicators are inferior to their competitors, but continue to enjoy high demand in the motorists environment, thanks to the low cost compared to the more fashionable types of "fog mean".
The combination of lighting devices and signaling devices located outside and inside the car form the lighting system. It performs the following functions:
- lighting of the road fabric, curb and objects located on them in conditions of limited visibility;
- providing information to other participants in the presence on the road of the vehicle, its size, the nature of the movements made by maneuvers, as well as accessories;
- lighting the interior of the car, as well as other parts of its parts (luggage compartment, windscarette, etc.) in the dark.
The car lighting system includes the following main constructive elements: Front headlights, front fog lights, rear lights, rear fog Lantern, Lighting Lighting Lighting, Internal Lighting Devices and Control Equipment.
(Other names - headlight, block headlight) illuminates the road ahead of the car, and also provides information to other participants in the movement in front of the vehicle. The front headlights are installed in pairs symmetrically with the right and left side of the car. On the modern cars In addition to the front headlights can be installed a night vision system.
The front headlights are usually in a single case in which the following are combined. light devices: Middle Light, Far Light, overall fire, turning pointer and day running lights.
Middle Light The headlights is used to illuminate the road if there are other participants in front of the movement. Middle light asymmetric, with right-sided movement is better illuminated right part Roads and curbs. Far light is used in the absence of other participants in front of the movement. It is a symmetric light beam high intensity. The overall fire is used to indicate the size of the vehicle. The overall fire is also installed in the back lamp.
The rotation pointer can be installed both in the headlamp and outside it in the front of the car. The turn index is used to inform other participants in the way of the intention to make a maneuver (turn, turn, shift the strip of movement). The rotation pointer is also installed in the rear lamp. In addition, with the side of the car is envisaged running pointer repeater. Recently, the repeater of the rotation pointer has become popularly placed in the outer rearview mirror. All rotation pointers must work synchronously.
As a turn signal, a yellow light source operating in flashing mode is used. The frequency of the pointer must be 1-2 blinking per second. The rotation pointer can have two modes of operation: permanent (not yet turned off), one-time (three or five migrants when pressing). The rotation pointer is controlled by the appropriate switch. The switch design involves the automatic shutdown of the signal when the steering wheel is returned to the neutral position.
The rotation pointer works in conjunction with a number of systems active security: Rebuilding assistance, strip movement. The rotation pointers are also used as an emergency stop signal.
In some countries, use is provided daytime running lightswhich are intended to increase the visibility of the vehicle during the daytime. Daytime running lights are automatically or manually controlled low headlights of full or reduced intensity. In some cases, low-light highlights of low-intensity headlights can be used.
Device headlights
Despite the differences in shape, design, color, materials you can select the following general device Headlights: housing, light source, reflector and diffuser.
Housing serves as the basis for placing and fastening the remaining headlight elements. It is performed, as a rule, from plastic. As sources of light Used various Lama: incandescent - tungsten, halogen, gas-discharge - xenon. Extremely popular with automakers are conquered by LED light sources.
Tungsten lamps are cheapest and have low light intensity. Therefore, these lamps are used as a light source of overall lights, turning pointers, a stop signal, rear light, internal lighting devices. Halogen lamps are the most common source of near and far light lights. For each of the types of headlighted, one lamp can be used ( for example, H4 with two incandescent threads) or two separate lamps ( for example, H7 with one incandescent thread).
Popular popularity in our country uses xenon lamps that can be used both for neighboring and long-mounted light. LED light sources are used mainly to implement signaling functions: parking lights, stop signal, turn signal, daytime running lights. Legs can be seen as a source of head light.
Reflector In the design of the headlights is responsible for the formation of a beam of light. The simplest reflector has a parabolic shape. Modern reflectors have a more complex shape. The reflector is made from plastics. To create a mirror surface, a thin film of aluminum is applied and varnished.
Diffuser Misses the light stream and, depending on the design, refracts it. Another diffuser function is the protection of the headlights from external influences. The diffuser is made of transparent plastic, less often from glass.
Front anti-fog headlight It is designed to improve the lighting of the roadway and the curb in poor visibility conditions: rain, fog, dust, snow. Fog lights are used pairwise, installed as an option, less often. May have white or yellow.
Fog lights provide a wide beam of light with a cut-off top. Front fog lights are used instead of near light or together with it. The effect of the use of headlights is to reduce the inverse glare and, thus, improving visibility at atmospheric precipitation. The presence of the front fog lights is not mandatory, and in some countries they are generally prohibited.
The rear lamp is intended to inform the participants in the movement behind the car. The flashlight combines the following lights: rear overall fire, stop signal, rear indicator of rotation, lantern rear stroke.
Rear lights are installed pairwise symmetrically. The flashlight can be made in the form of a single block or in the form of the associated two blocks installed in the body and the lid of the trunk (fifth door).
Rear overall fire Works together with front overall fire. Structurally can be combined with a stop signal. This uses or separate incandescent lamps (LEDs) or lamps with two threads of different light intensity.
Stop signal It is activated automatically when the driver's brake pedal is pressed. The rear overall fire and the stop signal are red, but the stop signal is brighter. Some cars implemented the so-called. The adaptive stop signal in which the light intensity is depending on the intensity of the braking (the more cheerful, the brighter is lit). Of interest is the function of the emergency stop signal ( Emergency Stop Signal, ESS.), implemented in the form of flash out flashes with emergency pressed brake pedal.
Rear indicator turn Works in conjunction with the front direction indicator. It has yellow. Reversing lamp Provides lighting when the car is moved by reverse. Activated automatically when turned on rear transmission (reverse mode). It is a mandatory lighting device. One or two (symmetrically) of the rear light of the white color is installed.
Rear fog lights are used to prevent the back of the walking cars in conditions of poor visibility. Constructively can be made in the background of the rear light or separately - below the lantern in the bumper of the car.
One (on the left side of the car) or two (symmetrically) rear fog lamps are installed on the car. The presence of a rear fog lamp is mandatory. It has a large light intensity than rear overall fire.
Control of lighting devices
Control of lighting devices included in the lighting system is carried out by the corresponding switches from the car's interior. On some cars implemented automatic control Separate functions: Middle light, headlight correction, active headlight, adaptive lighting, long-term control.
The fact that fog lights significantly improve the visibility with poor visibility and on the sides of the car, no doubt causes. The fog reflector is constructed in such a way as to create uniform lighting around the headlight, this explains the high efficiency of PTF. But as for the rear fog headlights, for many drivers, it remains not quite clear whatver they need them, and whether they are needed at all, because they do not bear any obvious practical benefit.
And even on the contrary. The rear fog lights when driving in the dark, according to many motorists, only interfere, because they interfere with the review, and the stop signal in front of the running car becomes difficult to escort. Nevertheless, most TCs are regularly equipped with the rear fog lights, and independently remove them from the car's design illegally - there will be no inspection without them.
Do you need a car SPTF
Rear fog lights, if they are provided on the car constructively, it is impossible to clean them yourself. The SPTF is designed for a more correct designation of the vehicle in conditions of insufficient visibility. As a rule, such headlights are designed to install standard incandescent lamps - not required of particular brightness. There are also no clear standards for the connection scheme - for independent installation It is better to use a separate relay rear fog headlights.
The presence of rear fog lights allows you to avoid the collision of two cars in bad weather. For example, with high snowfall, shower or fog. They are originally somewhat brighter simple dimensions, and are located apart from them removal, so they are quite effective. Naturally, without having to include rear fog lights, it is still not worth it - with clear weather, in the dark, they interfere with other drivers.
If the zptf is absent
Not all cars are equipped with ZPTF in the factory. According to GOST R 51709-2001, the presence of rear fog lamps on the car is mandatory. Therefore, many motorists are forced to establish them independently - otherwise certain difficulties arise during the passage of inspection. This is due to the fact that the car without SPTF does not correspond to GOST. It is worth noting that such requirements apply only to the 2006 TC production and older.
One more important momentwhich is often "forgotten" by the traffic police inspectors - if the rear fog lights are not provided constructively, their independently install the driver is not obliged - the requirements of GOST refer only to manufacturers, and not to consumers. If the SPTF is still set independently, it is done not as it fell, but according to certain rules - with an incorrect installation of the inspector, when trying to pass, it will be completely legitimate.
The amount of SPTF may be one or two. If one headlight is installed, it is posted only on the left side. If the ZPTF is two, then they are placed at an altitude not higher than one meter from the level of soil, and at least 25 cm from it.
Important! The width between them is not regulated, but there is an important pointMandatory to observe - the distance between the SPTF and each stop signal cannot be less than 100 mm.
How to use rear fog
When the rear fog lights are installed by an automaker, the question is how to turn on the rear fog lights, and how to turn it off, it defines exactly that the driver remains only to press the buttons. In the case of an independent installation of this equipment, there is a mass of connection options, but it is impossible to use the UPTF as it is impossible - this order is sufficiently regulated, and it is not subject to independent change.
So, according to the law, the SPTF can be included only with the head lighting or front fog, and they should only burn only in constant mode. They are turned off in parallel to other outdoor lighting equipment, and should not be turned on as separate equipment. Nowadays, the joint work of the rear fog light headlights and stop signals flying through the car braking are not allowed.
When independent installation, the choice of type of headlight remains at the discretion of the car owner. The law does not provide any restrictions or conditions for the SPTF. Headlights can crash into the bumper, on the front of the front, and can also be used attached options, on special fasteners. The main thing is to comply with the above installation features. When using attachments, it is necessary to take care of the reliability of the attachment.
Some features of operation
In most cases, for the rear fog light, a housing is used for a halogen lamp or incandescent lamps, labeled "H". This suggests that installing another type of lamps, in particular xenon, is prohibited in them. When installing attached STTFF it is extremely important to set right corner Tilt - the headlight should not make drivers who are behind.
Since the rear of the car is strongly polluted during operation, it is necessary to constantly monitor the PCTF cleanliness, otherwise the meaning of their inclusion is completely lost, and when driving in conditions of insufficient visibility, the car may be simply unnoticed on the road that will inevitably lead to an accident. A little about the repair of the SPTF on the video:
For today, automotive lighting includes many elements. This is not only a head optics, but also additional light, as well as fog lights. In this article, we will deal with what PTF is, what should they be, the principles of work and whether it is appropriate to use them at all.
- These are devices that should emit white or saturated yellow light. But it is worth noting that both lamps in the headlights that are installed on vehicle Must have the same tone of light. The beam of light should be flat, wide and horizontal, which lies directly above the road, which allows you to better illuminate the space in a strong fog or in the rain. PTF is not necessary additional deviceswhich are located under the head optics. They can be on both bumpers and directly in the head optics of the car.
Why are you needed in auto PTF?
Fog is necessary for use in complex meteorological conditions:
Light from ordinary lamps, which are installed in the head optics can not cope with complex meteo conditions. The rays of the near and far light of the head optics from the smallest drops of moisture or snow are reflected and dissipated, which creates a translucent wall, which affects the deterioration of visibility quality on the road. Due to the fact that fog lights provide a wide beam of light, the roadside road is well highlighted, so it is easier to control the car on winding roads. In addition, in complex meteo conditions, fog lights allocate a car for other road users, and this affects the increase in road safety. Fascinating video about driving in the fog you can see at the end of the article.
In order for the fog drawn the good visibility of the road, they must comply with the following criteria:
- Have a clear upper border of the light beam. Accordingly, neither reflected light, nor even light from the source itself should be higher than the horizontal plane.
- The headlights must be installed on the car as low as possible. It is this criterion and provides high-quality visibility, because between the road and the fog layer there is always some interval, which should be covered.
- If the PTF will not correspond to these two criteria, then the bright light will be reflected from the smallest drops of moisture, which are the fog component and, accordingly, to blind the driver of the vehicle.
Yellow PTF - Why efficient?
It is recommended to use lamps that emit yellowish light in the fog lights because it is less dissipated, therefore, provides the best effect and visibility. This is due to the fact that it is most of all that the light that has a smaller wavelength is the blue part of the spectrum. The light filter constituting the fog lights cuts off the blue part of the spectrum and makes a yellow light from white, which has a long wave. It should be noted that with the fog there is always a free strip between him and expensive, but it is not at rain, snowfall, smoke or dusty vest. It is in such cases that the fog lights are good visibility due to the clear upper boundary of light.
By rules of traffic rules And GOST 8769-75 is allowed to install foglights exclusively in the amount of two pieces. Location:
- 400 mm from lateral dimensions;
- 230 mm from the road surface.
According to the rules of the European Economic Commission exist additional requirements By mounting foglights:
- They must be placed not above the headlights of the near mode;
- Visibility angle - vertical from +15 to -10 degrees, and horizontal from +45 to -10 degrees;
PTF must be included exclusively with vehicle dimensions.
Requirements for fog lights themselves
Each headlights must have a formal certificate of compliance with all the rules of the European Economic Commission. Those products that have successfully passed certification, on the dissipation of or on protective glass Headlights are equipped with international confirmation, that is, a special impact inspection. The sign must indicate:
- Information about the country that issued official confirmation of PTF and certification. Typically, the country is denoted in the square;
- Confirmation number;
- Face category.
It is very important that the fog lights have the designation of the category so that their further purpose is clear. There are such headlights and their designations:
C - Middle Light;
R - Far Light;
N - headlights for mounting exclusively halogen lamps;
PL - plastic light diffuser;
S is a glass solid optical element;
B - fog light.
Fog lights are crucial in fog conditions, increasing visibility, helping to avoid accidents and improving. Unfortunately, if the configuration of the fog headlights is unsuccessful, they can be extremely dangerous for both of you and for other drivers who will be blinded by highlights.
Proper configuration of the fog is the most important purpose of their installation and. If the indicators are incorrectly aimed, they will not reach optimal functions.
Purpose
PTF produce a wide, lowlands of light that helps the driver see the road during any harsh weather conditions. Unlike near-light headlights, the shining light PTF closer to the ground, which prevents reflection from fog, rain and snow.
The fog, as a rule, are located under the car. They are of different shapes, and their wide rays of light have a sharp cut in the upper part.
Installed fog lamps at a low level. They can be yellow or white.
Functions
Before starting such a process as fog lamps, find out their purpose and function, select the color of the beam.
PTF are designed for the most efficient use on low speeds. They provide elevated light aimed at the surface of the road, in conditions of heavy weather phenomena or movement conditions that produces to.
The most useful fog will be in the rain, snow or fog. They are often used instead of headlights of near light, as they reduce the glare caused by a drop in snow or fog.
Color of light beams
Fog can be in several color shades. Bulbs made from tungsten - halogen lamps work better to illuminate land at low distances. These bulbs are yellow, blue, orange or with a white tint. Yellow lights are the most useful and safe. Some fog lights use a blue shade that can absorb light from. White tinted bulbs who are close to daylightAlso are a good option for PTF. Sometimes foglights can have a green shade.
The best light bulbs for the fog of the car are sources with white or selectively yellow light.
White light
White Light B. fog lampswhich are manufactured using xenon gas, they are durable and durable. In addition, they are much brighter than halogen analogs. They do not create blue waves causing glare.
Selective yellow light
Selective yellow light bulb improves visibility during adverse weather conditions, reducing short waves emitted by blue.
Coating for lamps with selectively yellow light
If you want to improve such lamps, you can buy a special coating that limits the amount of blue light emitted.
Power
You can install fog with various power, beam intensity and beam width. Best Type PTF radiates dull, but wide beam, because their light is designed to illuminate the area directly.
Proper installation
The configuration of the fog headlights and all reflectors should be carried out and, if necessary, was adjusted at least once every six months or after every 20 thousand km.
Fog lights work better if installed on (for all-wheel drive SUVs) or (from 25 to 60 cm above the surface of the road, not higher than regular lamps) or anywhere below the center of the headlight, where their ray will be slightly smaller than from the sources of the near light.
Adjusting the fog lights is their vertical change. The fog should be closer to each other than regular headlights (approximately 50 to 65 cm), and are directed so that the black and white boundaries from the rays were in the middle of the beam of the near headlights.
The video shows the connection of fog lights:
Requirements for light flow
According to the UNECE rules and the Russian traffic rules, the fog beam must necessarily:
- have a special light distribution, be wide and flat;
- to form a beam scattering up to 70 °;
- have a clear upper border;
- to form an enlarged angle of inclination down.
Ways to adjust the fires
There are two questions that need to be considered when installing and adjusting foglights. First, minimize the amount of glare, which is returned. Secondly, reduce the glare in the eyes of the oncoming driver.
Before you set up fog, you need:
- search the white screen (can replace the bright wall of the building or fence);
- find at least 15 meters of free space in front of the screen on the horizontal surface;
- wait for darkness and preferably do all settings in the unlit area;
- explore such a concept as the adjustment scheme;
- stocking with a crushing blade;
- check the headlights for the absence of defects and the ability to function normally.
Preparation of auto before adjustment
Before you set up fog, prepare your car:
- Make sure the machine has at least half filled tank fuel or more.
- Any configuration of the fog is carried out on an equipped car with ordinary vest in the trunk (about 70 kg).
- Check, it should be on the recommended level manufacturer.
- A person who is available to adjust the light of fog headlights should sit on the driver's seat and be one weight category with the driver.
After that, it follows on a flat surface, 5-10 m from a smooth wall or screen.
Chart adjustment
The adjustment scheme of fog lights in principle is simple. It lies in the installation of vertical and horizontal corners of their position.
Main dimensions:
- The distance between the center of fog lights and land.
- Horizontal mark on the wall at the same height.
- Turn on the headlights of the Middle Light and make a mark on the wall with the center of two rays.
- Turn off your neighboring lights and turn on the fog.
- When installing a car at a distance of 5 meters from the wall, the upper border of the beam of the fog headlamp should be 10 centimeters below their height from the ground level. Installation of fog drawers is made strictly parallel to the longitudinal axis of the car - they should not deviate neither right or left.
- The distance obtained between the centers of light rays should be 1,200 mm.
- Follow the chalk on the screen, separating the car into two identical half.
- Draw a line that is below the first to 5 cm.
- Measure the distance from the fog to the ground and from the lamp to the center of the machine.
- The resulting intersection of two lines and is the center of foglights.
Adjustment of fog lights
Accurate adjustment of the light of fog headlights, where mechanics use a special device, a regimal, having an optical measuring unit.
At home, PTF can be adjusted using a screwdriver and adjustment scheme. By the way, the configuration of the fog is carried out only in height. After establishing the center of the light beam, it is necessary to rotate the adjusting screw to turn the adjusting screw so as to achieve the necessary focus. Commier about safety driving during heavy weather conditions yourself.
