Instruction
Before starting the engine, make sure that the selector is in position P or N. Attempt to start a motor with other lever positions in best case will lead to the fact that the electronics will block the ignition; At worst - to breakage of the machine gun. In the cold season, immediately after launch, start switching the selector to all modes, lingering in each of them for 2-3 seconds, which warms the box. Then turn on the D mode and 2-3 minutes hold the car brake without touching the gas pedal.
Get yourself a habit to press the brake pedal before translate the selector from the position P or N to the position D. and only after the characteristic light and reducing revolutions idle move Release the brake and talk from the spot, smoothly combining the accelerator. Do not seek to move to a dynamic style while the gear oil warms up to operating temperature.
If you are used to the car with a manual, do not give yourself a temptation to manually switch the transmission during acceleration or go to the neutral speed when braking. As long as you get used to, remove the left leg away from the pedals to do not press the brake instead of clutch. In urban mode, keep the selector in the D or 3 position, trying how much you can use the rising transmission OD. When driving on the rise and in others heavy conditions Use the range 2.
When translating a selector from one position to another on the go, never turn the P and R modes until the car stops. The inclusion of N mode during motion is allowed only at extreme need, for example, when braking the engine. If accidentally switched to an invalid mode, immediately reset the speed to idle, and then re-transfer the selector to D. Try not to exceed the valid engine speed.
If there are 3, 2 and 1 modes, the engine braking is using them. To do this, release the gas pedal and move the selector from position 3 to position 2. After lowering the speed up to 50 km / h and below, switch to Mode 1. Note that in transport with automatic transmission, the engine braking efficiency is significantly lower than in the case of with manual transmission.
Use the same modes for rapid acceleration. Turn the selector from the position D or 3 to position 2, follow the tachometer turnover. In the presence of sports mode, turn it on. With the full pressure of the gas pedal, the box itself will go into the kick-down mode, in which the transmissions will switch later for the maximum efficient set of speed. Automatic output from this mode is possible only when the engine is reached the speed maximum permissible for it. For the forced shutdown of the Kik-Down mode, simply release the accelerator pedal. Note that frequent use of this mode reduces the automatic transmission.
Before turning to reset the speed and forced inclusion of reduced speed, use the KIK-down mode or the 2 selector range. On sequential automatic transmission, manually reduce the transfer.
During short-term stops, be sure to hold the car brake. If during the stop selector to switch to the p position, use the brake optional. However, if the machine is standing on a slope, be sure to turn on the parking (manual) brake. At the same time, first turn on the parking brake, and then - R. mode N R. Range. Turn on only long parking, as well as in traffic jams and in heat to improve the cooling of the box.
Do not be afraid of short-term slip on slipping road. The box wear out a long bounce. Therefore, if you are stuck, use the cutting of the car, alternately switching from the downstream mode 1 to R mode and back. For driving with a full load or with a heavy trailer, use lowering modes 3 or 2. Overclocking in this case Start in mode 1, and when you reach 40 km / hour, switch.
In advance, learn from the manual maximum range and speed of towing a car. As a rule, machines with a machine gun is allowed to tow in mode N Yes, the distance is no more than 50 km at a speed not higher than 50 km / h. If necessary, further towing immerse the car on the tow truck, output the drive wheels or disconnect the transmission.
Every year an increasing number appears on the roads. vehicleand among them are great popularity Cars with automatic box Transmissions.
And this is not good. After all, such a car is more simple in control, and does not require constant speed switching, which is especially important in the atmosphere of urban traffic jams. But when choosing a car, most motorists are wondering how to ride the machine? What are the nuances and subtleties here.
It would seem, without the need to constantly squeeze the clutch, ride should be easier. Is it so in real life?
Car control with an automatic box covering some nuances in which it is worth understanding before driving behind the wheel:
- Its useful to note important momentWith all weather conditions, you should not touch right away. It takes some time so that the box is in operation. With a warm temperature overboard it will be enough enough for a couple of minutes, and for the cold season of the year, this period is worth a little zoom.
- You can start the engine only when the selector will be in the "P" position or "N". In other cases it will simply be impossible to start.
- Before starting the movement, the selector must be translated into some kind of positions that allow you to start moving. The switching time of one position to another is approximately a second. And it is worth remembering that the car at this point should be controlled by the brake.
- An important point is the fact that driving a car with automation, you only need to use one leg. For the second, there is a special stand on the left. The use of both legs is quite dangerous, moreover, this is not necessary.
But before, immersed in all the subtleties of driving a car, you should deal with the modes used in the automatic transmission.
Modes of automatic transmission
In order to understand how to ride an automatic box, you need to better figure it out in its device.
So, what transmissions exist on the selector:
- Position "P", which means parking. When using such a mode, drive wheels are blocked. Use it directly when parking, as well as to start or blast the motor. Performs an analogue of the handbrake.
During the ride, this position cannot be chosen, otherwise, it threatens with expensive repairs.
- "R" denoting reverse, or moving back. It is permissible to switch to this position in the case when the vehicle is fully stopped and does not move forward.
- "N", which means neutral. It is analogue neutral transmission on mechanics. At this wheel position, the wheels are not associated with the engine, and move freely. This option is suitable for towing the car.
- "D", movement. With this position, the vehicle has the ability to move forward. And if the car is on the slope, it will be protected from rolling down.
Transmission with this mode will switch automatically depending on the press on the fuel supply pedal.
- The mode "2" means that the first two transmissions are available for movement. Apply it on steep roads, by serpentine, or when towing. During the usual ride, led on this position is possible with low speed. Otherwise, it will harm the engine.
- "L", the ability to move only on the first gear. Used on off-road, under difficult conditions of movement. But for beginners, such a ride is likely to be difficult. It is worth understanding how to ride on a machine with this position of the selector: the speed should be minimal, below 15 km / h, otherwise this mode It will not be possible to switch.
Additional features
Performing a car driving on automatic transmission, you can often use additional items.
What applies to them?
- «O / D»This position is intended for acceleration and quick overtaking. Applied on machines with more than three gears. This mode can be used on protracted lines, then the motor will be easier to cope with the work.
- "Kick-Down"used for sharp acceleration. But it is not desirable to use it from the start of the movement, as the box will get too much load. Activate this position is very simple, sufficiently squeeze the gas pedal to the floor.
- "PWR / SPORT"is also intended for fast driving. This position is activated when high revolutions. But it is worth remembering about the maximum fuel consumption.
- "SNOW", is intended for riding in winter time. Acceleration here starts immediately from the second transfer, bypassing the first, thereby reducing the likelihood of sliding. Using the selected feature, the most secure movement in the snow is ensured. And the fuel is consumed at a minimum. But still use it in summer period It is undesirable in order to avoid overheating and further failure of the automatic transmission.
Where to start?
It would seem that the machine having the automatic transmission should perform all the basic functions for the driver. But if, the motorist is a newcomer, naturally, he wonders how to learn to ride on the machine?
Instruction:
- Setup for yourself. Sitting into the car, you should, first of all, adjust the chair to feel comfortable while driving. Check how mirrors are configured if there is a need to adjust them. Since performing various maneuvers, it is necessary to constantly monitor the situation on the mirrors.
- Run. In order to start the engine in a working state, you need to turn the ignition key, then squeeze the brake pedal, and then switch the selector to the required mode. It is necessary that you need to start the car to be made when parking is selected. After that, the position of the drive is chosen, the pedal from the brake is removed and the car begins to move slowly.
- Traffic. For a car to overclock to the desired speed, the gas pedal is already used. And if you need to make a forced stop, for example, in a traffic jam or on the traffic light, it is required to constantly press the brake pedal, otherwise the machine will slowly roll. This is the feature of the automatic box.
- Automation
Total car in the complex; - Automation
some modes of car movement, such as traffic in traffic jams,
Parking, traffic on the motorway.
1st
The approach, comprehensive automation of the vehicle in the world implement two
Office - Complete ambitions Russian company Robosii and everywhere popular
Giant Google Company. Are now being developed and implemented various
Systems providing automatic parking that enable
Perpendicular to either parallel Parkovka TS B.
automatic mode. Autopilot for parking can already be found in the asset
Such companies like Ford, Nissan, Tomata, Mercedes-benz, Volkswagen.
Upcoming
The development of adaptive cruise control systems makes it possible to implement
Special automatic mode movement of the machine in traffic criteria.
Further, all the Ford and Audi have advanced in this direction.
Another promising direction of automation of machines is automatic
Movement by motorway. Development of this area, conducted in Cadillac and
BMV based on systems active securitywhich are currently used.
Full automatic car control system
On the
The currently developed Google system automatic car control system
implemented on 6 prefigible samples car Lexus RX 450H, Audi TT and
Tomata Prius, which in the unmanned mode, have already passed more than 450 thousand
km. Automatic control system used in these specimens,
contains in itself devices as a set of radar, lidar, sensor for evaluation
location, camera, GPS receiver, inertial motion sensor.
Ladar
is a special spinning sensor installed on the roof
car and scanning area around the car at a distance above
Sixty meters. It is intended for the creation of a three-dimensional picture of the situation,
Folding on the road.
For
Radar assistance The system determines a clear distance to remote objects. On the
Four radar is installed for four times, one of which is located on
The back of the car, and the three remaining - on the frontal.
For
Camera helping automatic control system has the ability
React to traffic lights and recognize cyclists and pedestrians.
It is mounted behind the rear view mirror on the windshield.
Sensor
location estimates makes it possible to find how the car moves and
Where it is located on the map. The sensor is installed in the rear left wheel area.
Inertial
Motion sensor is needed to estimate the direction of deceleration or acceleration,
transverse I. longitudinal tilt Body machine, etc. As such a sensor
The sensor belonging to the course resistance system is usually used.
Data
from all of us input devices Pass B. computer block management where they are going
Processing according to the program, the program and on the basis of this are formed
Different control exposure on controls. As part of the control
Different components are used brake systemmanaging management
Motor control systems and coursework.
Russian autopilot
Russian
Project for the creation of the system automatic control was started in 2012
Rosii company. Russian system consists of 2 blocks - complex
GLONASS and component under the title system of comprehensive vision. What comes in
The composition of the second component is not yet disclosed, it was approved only that in it
It consumes a huge number of sensors.
On the
This time is stated that the system is already tested for compact
Models in which already there are features such as starting from place, gasket
Route, braking in the occurrence of obstacles, maneuvering. Although the works of the
The creation of autopilot in the Russian company was started noticeably later than in
Google, there are guesses that it all has a chance of receipt
competitive advantage at the expense of a noticeable smallest cost - stated that
The Russian analogue of the automatic control system will be almost 50 times cheaper
Systems from Google.
TEMPORARY AUTO PILOT SYSTEM
AT
2011 of the general public was presented an automatic system
car control TAR, TEMPORARY AUTO PILOT, which is translated as "temporary
autopilot". This system gives the driver the opportunity in some criteria
Give control over the car automotive.
This
The system connected within itself a number of recognizable developments from Volkswagen: System
helping the movement, the system of determining road characters, the system of adaptive
Cruise control. For its own functioning, TAR uses all input
Devices of these systems: radar, lidar, ultrasonic sensors, camera.
This
The system gives the best level of automation depending on what
condition is a chauffeur and what situation is on the road,
Promoting trouble-free movement. It works at speed only up to 120 km / h. Now
The system is ready for use on serial cars.
Traffic Jam Assistant.
This
The system represented by Audi is the first system used on
serial cars to control the machine in traffic jams. It is automatic
Supports this distance until the arranged machine is accelerated,
slows down, circles obstacles, turns and even can give up the road
Critical services. According to its own design, the system is made on the basis
Adaptive cruise control systems and can operate at speeds of up to 60 km / h.
ConnectedDrive Connect System
BMW
Today it works to develop the CDC system (ConnectedDrive
Connect), the purpose of which is to ensure automatic control when
Motion on the motorway. The system consists of a chamber, an ultrasonic sensor,
Lidar and Radar, the signals of which processes a computer control unit. AT
summary signals from the system using the executive components of different
The system of the machine changes its line of movement and the speed of movement. Also system ne
exceed permissible speeddoes not make overtaking on the right and capable of returning
Car on your strip after overtaking. To chagrin, according to
the company's application, the system is still not ready to introduce into serial
creature.
Super Cruise System
This
Cadillac system allows autopilot to control the machine when driving
by motorway. She is able to maneuver, brake and continue moving
By the strip without action from the driver.
Cars S. automatic transmission They have increased driving comfort, which undoubtedly appreciated most motorists. But despite the ease of management, the system has a number of requirements for a long service life.
How to ride on the machine: what is an automatic transmission
First of all, let's deal with what the letters and how standard modes have an automatic gearbox:
- Parking mode P - Used to hold the car in place when parking, is also used when starting the engine. To prevent the automatic transmission breakdown, turn on the parking only at a complete stop of the movement.
- Reverse mode R - reverse gearIt is used if you want to make a reverse. Switches the mode as well as parking - only with a complete stop of the car.
- Mode "Neutral" n - denotes all gears and modes, but the car will be in an unstable position and can turn. The mode is an assistant when lifting the car on the tow truck if you challenge on the road or when you are pulled on the cable.
- Mode "Drive" D - denotes movement forward. Depending on the pressure force on the gas pedal, switches automatically speeds, which is undoubtedly the main convenience of automatic transmission.
- Figure 2 - indicates the inclusion of the second transmission at a speed of no more than 40 km / h. Used when moving on a slippery road, soil lins or when you go from the mountain down.
- L mode - used to turn on the first transmission with steep climbs or off-road.
How to ride on the machine: run the engine
- In order to start the car, install the lever in the Parking R or N Neutral mode.
- Put the right foot on the security brake pedal.
- After that, insert the key in the ignition and turn the light bulbs on the instrument panel.
- We are waiting for several minutes to turn on the fuel pump and create compression into the fuel frame.
- After all of the above actions, run the engine and put the lever to the "Drive" position.
- Smoothly release the brake pedal, after which even without pressing the gas pedal The car will go.
- The first kilometers of movement try to exercise in the minimum speed \u200b\u200bmodewithout producing a sharp increase in speed.
- The most important and main rule - the gearbox lever never translate into another mode when the car is moving, only at a complete stop.
- The "neutral" position is often not recommended, except if you are standing in a protrusion stopper and on a strong heat.
- When you stop the car on the descent, in addition to the "Parking", tighten the handbrake for reliability.
- If you are stuck in a snowdrift, turn on the manual mode and the second transmission for more smooth start from the scene.
- With an unforeseen situation on the road, tugging a car for a distance of no more than 40-50 km, moving at a minimum speed of 30-40 km / h.
How to ride on the machine: stop
To stop the car smoothly slow down the brake pedal:
- If you stop briefly, let's say, on the traffic light, the gear lever does not switch from mode D, and hold the brake pedal.
- When the stop of the car is sufficiently long, but the engine continues its work - for example, you are standing in a traffic jam, translate the selector lever to "N" mode.
- In the event that a long-lasting stop, switch the lever into Parking Parking mode.
How to ride on the machine: why you need a hand brake
The rules of operation of transport call on all drivers not to trust completely the P mode and use the hand-made brake with a complete stop of the car. But judging by the reviews of motorists, the hand-made brake they use extremely rarely, because they often forget to check its condition before starting movement. But still, with special situations, use manual brakes extremly necessary:
- If the driver plans to leave the car without stopping the engine operation.
- When you stop on the steep slope, use the handbrake and only then translate the lever into P. mode.
- For reliable installation Car during repair or replacement of auto parts.
Currently more and more more cars Locate from the conveyor equipped with a box automatic. The thing is that in urban mode with traffic jams and permanent stops on traffic lights, automatic PPC is very convenient, saves many nerves and driver time.
In this article, we will examine in detail all the subtleties of the machine operation on the machine: how to start a vehicle, how to touch the place and what can in no case do.
What is an automatic transmission
The automatic box is one of the types of transmission at which the automatic selection of the required gear ratio Without the driver's participation, taking into account the nature of the movement, speed and other parameters.
In a car with automatic transmission there is no clutch pedal due to the fact that the adhesion is replaced by a torque converter, which transmits torque to the wheels.
Running a car with automatic transmission
To ensure the safety of automatic transmission in the car there are several types of protection.
To start the engine of the car, the selector lever must be located in the position P.arking (P) or N.eUTRAL (N). When the selector is found in other modes, the motor start will not be possible, since or the key will not be checked or nothing happens at all.
Due to the fact that the "N" mode was conceived by the manufacturer mainly for towing the machine, then to start the engine, it is preferable to use the "P" mode, in which the drive wheels are blocked, which protects against the unplanned movement of the car along the inclined surface.
Another important protection against the wrong launch of the car is the need to press the brake pedal, which is very useful when starting the machine in the selector position to "N", since the brake pedal is pressed to turn the car while on the inclined surface.
AT modern machines There are additional types of protection in order to counter hijacking. If, when complying with all steps to properly start the motor, the key in the ignition lock fails and steering wheel Also does not respond to attempts to rotate - the protection against theft has proved.
To remove it, it is necessary to gently rotate the key at the same time turning the steering wheel in any direction. With agreed actions, protection against theft will turn off and the car start will be possible.
How to touch on the machine
After starting the engine, the machine must be removed from the manual brake.
To start movement, when the brake pedal is squeezed, you must translate the selector to one of the positions by clicking the button on it:
- "D" - move forward under normal conditions;
- "R" - movement reverse If necessary, maneuver;
- "L" or "D2" - for road off-road, while finding a car on a significant slope at the time of the start of the movement, the maximum allowed speed for such modes is less than 40 km / h;
- "D3" - if necessary, move from a small slide;
- "S", "W", "*", "HOLD", "WINTER" - winter mode, for start and movement in the snow with a reduced probability of slipping leading wheels.
After letting the brake pedal, the car will start moving even without pressing the accelerator pedal (gas).
For strong frosts Before the movement, after a long parking in a cold place, it is necessary to warm up the engine and transmission for 6-10 minutes.
How to brake the engine on the machine
On the automatic gearbox You can brake the engine, only this process differs from the manual transmission.
To determine the engine, depending on the conditions, it is necessary to select the following selector positions:
- if there are the "O / D" button at the speed below 110 km / h, it can be pressed for a smooth engineering engine and limiting the speed of movement to 80 km / h;
- L "," D1 "or" D2 "when moving on off-road with descent and lifts at a large angle, such modes allow you to use the maximum power and limit the speed to 20-50 km / h (L, D1), 40-80 km / h (d2);
- "D3" - movement to the 3rd transmission at a speed of up to 100-110 km / h;
How to use the handbrake
The manufacturer indicates that the parking brake is necessary even in the position position "P"
The main points for the use of manual brake are:
- the need to additional fixation of the machine when parking with a working engine, especially when leaving transport;
- the need to reliably fix the machine in the event of an installation of spare tracks and other minor repairs;
- when stopping on the surface with a large tilt angle to avoid knocking the selector from the position "P" due to the heavy load on the drive wheels.
Before you start, you need to check the parking brake to avoid trying to start moving when the parking brake is tightened.
What can not be done with automatic transmission
Despite the fact that the automatic box seems easy to operate and is designed to facilitate driving, nevertheless there are restrictions and prohibitions, sticking to which will serve for a long time without complaints.
Restrictions and prohibitions when driving with an automatic box:
- Movement with immentable automatic transmission should be smooth, the first 6-10 km at a low speed. It is necessary to warm the automatic box, even with the positive temperature of the external environment, and in minus heating should be at least 10 minutes.
- The car with a box-machine is not intended for the transport of large cargo, although the trailer can be used, but only light, and from towing other vehicles it is better to refuse, with the exception of emergencies.
- In no case can not be launched by motor transport, equipped with automatic transmission, with "Tolkach".
- Motor is allowed only in the position position "P".
- With a short stop (in traffic jam, on the traffic light), it is not recommended to translate the selector to the "P" or "N" to extend the automatic transmission.
- In the process of moving the machine, in no case cannot be translated the selector in the position "R" and "P".
- If necessary, stay on the inclined surface, the car originally needs to be fixed using parking brakeAfter that, it is allowed to translate the selector to the position "P" to avoid the selector output from this position due to a significant load on the drive wheels.
- Mode "n" is intended only for towing vehicles to the place of repair, in no case do not get down from the slides in this mode.
Manufacturers laid a large resource operation of automatic transmission, but subject to certain rules.
If they do not adhere to them, then the repair time the box can approach each incorrect action. Repair of an automatic box - expensive "pleasure".
