If you are a car owner, you may need to adjust at any time hand brake... Don't dismiss this part. brake system, because your safety on the road and the safety of your property depend on the quality work of this important detail.
Why do we need a working handbrake?
What is it, and why does a motorist need it? First, it is part of the braking system. Secondly, it blocks the wheels relative to the motor axle, which ensures the stability of the car on the surface, including on a slope. Thus, it is this element of the braking system that is able to help to carry out emergency braking, to ensure stability vehicle, and if the foot brake does not fulfill its main functions, it will help you get to your destination without problems.
All modern braking systems are equipped with two independent hydraulic circuits that activate the front brakes and rear brakes, or drive the right front brake together with the left rear brake and the front left brake together with the right rear brake. This decision is obviously made for safety reasons: if a brake chain breaks down, the other remains active, ensuring at least partial system efficiency. For the same reason, the pedal is controlled by the driver through the pedal, divided into two separate "cameras" connected to the corresponding circuits.
It should be remembered that you cannot use the handbrake as a permanent braking element instead of the specially designed foot brake. When driving, do not pull sharply in order to avoid skidding on any surface. The parking brake needs to be diagnosed approximately once a month... It is enough to drive up a steep hill and tighten the lever tighter: if the car stands on the slope, then everything is in order, and you can go further.
The special fluid used in the installation is contained in a special reservoir and, in order to maintain optimal performance over time, it must be completely replaced at least every two years. A servo motor is then used to increase the intensity of the force applied to the pedal by the driver. Vacuum servos are commonly used, so they are identified because they use the vacuum created by gasoline engine in the lower drainage channels of the butterfly. On the other hand, diesel engines provide pressure supply directly from a pump with an electric motor.
When do I need to adjust the handbrake?
It is very easy to notice that you need to adjust the handbrake. Either the slope experiment fails, or there is another test to determine if an adjustment is needed. To do this, fully pull the handbrake over yourself and observe if the movement continues at this time. If the car continues to move and brakes weakly enough, then repair may be required, or at least elementary adjustment. The reason the above problem may occur is because the tension on the brake cable is loose.
It is also necessary to have a separate circuit for the parking system, usually controlled by mechanical system with metal cables. To lock the rear brake wheels lost control of the vehicle, and therefore a valve is commonly used that limits fluid pressure based on the load on the rear wheels.
Well, when the brake pedal is pressed, the fluid acts on the pistons, which, rolling in the cylinders, force friction. IN disc brakes cylinders are obtained directly in the metal clamping block, and in drum brakes - individual components. Having said all this, let us now turn to the overlooked object of our speech.
Sometimes, there may also be other reasons, such as large gap between the pads and the drum or pad wear. To fix problems with the handbrake, it is not necessary to immediately contact a car service, you can try to eliminate the defect. To do this, you should perform a number of actions that anyone can cope with, if you have primary knowledge of the car's device. When carrying out repairs, do not forget about your own safety and do the repairs in the place designated for this. If there is no such place, then do not do it alone.
To begin with, the alarm for this deficiency is represented by the rapid consumption of handbrake efficiency. The reason for this should be the detection of a malfunction of the mechanism, which is built into the rear brake calipers, performs the important task of compensating for the progressive, as inevitable, wear of the pads, while maintaining the distance between their surface and the surface of the disc, despite the ever increasing decrease in the thickness of the friction material. In practice, as a result of this failure, the distance between the pads and the disc increases more and more, resulting in a gradual increase in pedal and handbrake travel.
Before starting the repair, check in the instructions which one is present in your car.
Handbrake tension - your actions
So, the hand brake is tensioned as follows. First, use a jack and support. Then raise the brake lever. Now locate and loosen the adjusting device locknut through the hatch in brake drum... Tighten the adjusting nut while making sure that the brake cable is tight. If, after completing the combination of the above actions, the cable does not tension, then you will need to replace this part... In this case, you need to contact a specialist who will quickly help solve your problem.
Moreover, this failure does not adversely affect only the smooth operation of the handbrake, but the same dynamic behavior of the vehicle during braking is greatly impaired. How this can be, it is easy to understand by examining the structure of the braking system of these cars. Two main pipes of two independent hydraulic circuits unfold from the master cylinder. When the brake pedal is depressed, the first feed pipe is the one that directs the pressurized fluid to the rear brakes, and only a moment later is the pipe that controls the front brakes.
If everything went well, check the operation of the parking brake by pulling the lever towards you. Take a test: try to twist with your hands rear wheel... The wheels should not turn without effort. If the test passes, then tighten the locknut. Release the lever and perform another similar test. This time the wheels should rotate freely. Now lower your vehicle to the ground and perform a parking brake test. The brake is tensioned. You can consider yourself a true master. But if you still do not dare to bring the described plan into life, then do not hesitate to contact knowledgeable people who will help solve not only this, but other problems as well.
In the best way, it is on the duration of this "moment" that the negative impact is influenced by the failure of the rear brake calipers: in fact, in the event of a failure of the mechanism that automatically removes the wear of the pad, the latter are too far from the brake disc.The first stroke of the pedal has no useful effect to slow down the car, since it only serves to supply an amount of fluid, for example, to contact friction surfaces. Ultimately, the first pedal stroke is empty.
The consequence of all this is the need to periodically register rear calipers, so as not to impair, therefore, not only the efficiency of the handbrake, but also the brake spaces. For a better understanding of speech, it will certainly be useful to carefully examine the structure of each of the two pliers affected by this important inconvenience.
There is one small, but extremely important system in the car that motorists constantly use, sometimes without even noticing it. It's about the hand brake mechanism. It is to its use that the driver has to turn. Alas, most people have a vague idea of \u200b\u200bthe parking brake device. In today's article we will try to tell you how it works parking brake, what its varieties are, and also describe the main situations when you cannot do without a parking brake.
The gripper is in two parts, connected together with long bolts. Each half-penel is formed by a cylinder that has a piston and an automatic recording device that, if not triggered, causes a periodic manual adjustment of the distance between the pad and the brake disc. There is also a mechanical hand brake device in the right half that acts on the piston. The metal cable is attached to the control lever: when the lever is pressed, the cam rotates, which in turn pushes the adjusting screw and piston connected to it.
The device and principle of operation of the mechanical hand brake
From the list of internal components this mechanism we see only one - the lever. Sometimes it is replaced by a small pedal located slightly away from the main control pedals of the vehicle. The lever is connected by several cables and tensioners with locking mechanisms rear wheels... It is in the lever that a special ratchet wheel is installed that fixes the operating mode. The force transmitted by the driver is distributed between two or three cables connected through special levers to the rear pads. Typically, a scheme is used, consisting of three cables - two lateral ones leading to each of the locking wheels, and a central one, which serves to distribute the applied forces. The cables are connected to each other through a special connecting piece - an equalizer. Special levers are responsible for the work of the pads. They are connected to the side cables and, if the lever is turned on, they press the pads against brake discs or drums. Disabling the salon lever returns the pads to their original state, freeing them from contact with adjacent brake elements.
Since the disc cannot be retracted, the force exerted by the lever on the piston prevents the axle and then the wheel from rotating. When the handbrake is released, the spring and another spring located outside the pliers return the adjusting screw to its original position. This system consists of a "drag" part that moves axially onto the disc as a result of being pulled between the cone and the compass. in turn, is attached to the piston with a protective ring. A notch screwed into the register screw rotates by an oblique groove and at the same time makes a slight axial displacement.
All major components of the parking brake mechanism lined up using adjustable length lugs. If the cables are pulled out, this allows them to adjust the tension without replacing the internal system components.
In addition to the mechanical parking brake, there are also hydraulic and electronic ones.
This movement is very little, and many "pumps" are required to compensate for the significant wear on the brake pedal pads. When the fluid pressure drops, the two pistons move away from the disc with a spring effect and thrust created by the elasticity of the O-ring.
If the brakes were applied by mistake before installing the shims, the ring would have prevented damage to the adjuster. To perform manual recording correctly, proceed as follows. After removing the cover, it is inserted between the pad for this semi-printer, and the disc is 0.1mm thick. Then turn the pan head screw counterclockwise onto the pad.
The device and principle of operation of the hydraulic hand brake
The design of a hydraulic handbrake is very similar to a mechanical handbrake. It contains both a lever and a ratchet wheel, only the cables are replaced by a special liquid hydraulic cylinder connected to the hydraulic circuit of the main brakes. The main advantage of this kind of modification is the simplified maintenance procedure. The driver does not need to pull up anything. All functions mechanical devices performs hydraulics. Of the "minuses" we note the fact that in the event of a breach of the tightness of the brake circuit, the car remains without the possibility emergency braking... The leaked fluid will deprive the driver of not only the main brakes, but also the parking brake.
Once the casing screw is tight enough, the outer lock nut must be tightened, requiring it to be locked in place. Then forget to remove the calibrated thickness previously inserted between the disc and pad and tighten the cap again.
To adjust the distance from another pad, a 0.1mm thickness must be inserted between that pad and the disc. After activating only the handbrake, you will need to check the distance again. On the causes of failure affecting the automatic wear extraction mechanism rear pads, and which forces it to be performed quite often, manual adjustment has never been able to fully illuminate. Finally, let us remember that this issue also affects Alfasud, who installed "incriminated" pincers at the front.
The device and principle of operation of the electronic hand brake
The electronic parking brake is fully and completely responsible computer unit car. When the engine is turned off, the system queries the tilt sensor about the horizontal position of the machine. If the horizontal is broken, the computer activates the electronic drive of the handbrake, which activates the work by means of the clamping screw brake pads... The disengagement of such a parking brake occurs automatically when the car starts and the driver presses the gas pedal. You can turn off the electronic handbrake and artificially. This will require accentuated pressure on the brake pedal.
The steering is smooth, not jerking, the same goes for handling the gas pedal, if you need to slow down smoothly, it is better to pound than slam on the brake. For most problem situations, the driver should respond by disengaging the clutch pedal and taking his foot off the gas, and then start solving the situation.
Keep in mind that without braking, the car performs much better and makes driving easier. Whenever a tire buys perennial or subtle forces, they can't do it at all. Thus, braking or adding gas to the cart can result in loss of maneuverability in extreme cases. Before you get in the ass, you have to be brave at the speed that you can safely pass by curling into the slip school. Brake and add a shortcut to the best with wheels.
The hand brake is an alternative to the main brake system. In case of failure of the latter, the car can be easily stopped using the handbrake. In everyday situations, applying the parking brake is required when the machine is stopped for a short time. If you need to run into the store, leaving the car by the side of the road, you must use the handbrake.
If it doesn't have ice, try it for two. We find a reasonable speed in the bumper, we brag, then we release the brake and we win. When we feel that these are slides, we do not touch the wheel, the wheels then lock, and the car does not stop. We can help remove the clutch that disconnects the engine from the gearbox and the wheel doesn't spin.
In a car with automatic transmission gear is worse. When it starts to slide on a curve, almost nothing can be done. Therefore, you need to pay much more attention to speed. When the car gets the watch it helps with braking, which slows down the braking. However, it is necessary to have a clutch.
It is often necessary to engage the handbrake in order to prevent the vehicle from rolling while driving. An example of such a situation is a stop at a closed crossing. To get under way, the driver must use the handbrake.
Experienced drivers use the handbrake when performing complex maneuvers - turning or exiting in a limited maneuvering area, drifting (provoking a controlled skid to accurately enter a turn at speed), etc.
Deploy more slowly but smoothly and evenly. And if you don't have to, don't stop. If you are just dashing, it is good to do so with balls against the top layer of the sniper. As soon as the road starts to fall, it is important to think that you will have to stop. Keep the car as slow as possible and find the best trail. It is very important to intercept and slow down slowly, even in the first step of speed. High-quality winter tires and a carriage.
When the car is still sliding on slippery roadand there is no power to stop it, look for something to stop at emergency situation - to see the lead off to the side. It is better to just shake the car than to crash it. You can also help tie the snow on the side.
As a recommendation for trouble-free operation, we advise motorists not to use the handbrake when parking the car for a long time. If you do not plan to use the car for a week or two, you should not turn on the handbrake, so that during this time the pads do not "stick" to the discs or drums. Use the parking brake with extreme caution and in winter frosts... During high humidity or after visiting a car wash, he may freeze, which will completely immobilize the car.
When the road slides, it is important that the hill does its best to keep it from slowing down. However, the gas must be viewed very sensitively. Any more vigorous sessions will cause a rebound and stop. The perfect solution is to match the lower - second or first - high-speed stage already under the hill, in order to maintain the gas in the same position and not stop. You don't need to start on a road covered in frozen snow.
That's why unspoken rule the gentleman's road is the one that climbs the hill. The bottom goes up, up, this is the knowledge of the game. Do not try to use the handbrake when starting. It takes a lot of exercise and machine knowledge to keep you from skidding. Basically you need to try exercising!
Be sure to periodically check your vehicle's handbrake system. If, God forbid, your vehicle for any reason fails the main brakes, it will be your only chance for an accident-free rescue.
