The special vehicle plant - ZSA (formerly part of PJSC KamAZ) is completing state tests of heavy-duty vehicles of the Platform-O family, which will later become the base chassis for launchers of Yars and Rubezh intercontinental ballistic missiles.
General designer of automobiles Danis Valeev told Izvestia about this during the work of the Army-2016 exhibition.
The machines are designed for the placement of heavy missile systems, during the tests all the cars of the family fully confirmed the characteristics laid down in them, - said Danis Valeev.
According to the specialist, the first two multi-axle tractors - KamAZ-7850 with a wheel arrangement of 16x16 and a carrying capacity of 85 t and KamAZ-78509 with a formula of 12x12 and a carrying capacity of 50 t - will be adopted by the Russian Ministry of Defense this year. But the KamAZ-78504 truck tractor with the 8x8 formula (working with semi-trailers attached to the machine with a special coupling mechanism), capable of transporting cargo weighing up to 16 tons, should replenish the vehicle fleet of the Russian military department next year.
It is noteworthy that the "Platform" became the first completely Russian family of super-heavy tractors, launched into mass production. Currently, launchers of mobile strategic Topol and Yars, operational-tactical Iskander and coastal Bastion are installed on chassis produced by the Minsk Wheel Tractor Plant (MZKT). At the same time, road trains with multi-ton combat vehicles in the Russian army are towing four-axle MAZ-537, also made in Belarus.
The main feature of the Platform is unique diesel-electric drives with electric motors built into the wheel hubs of the tractors.
Tractors of this family do not have a cardan shaft. A small but powerful and compact electric motor is installed on each wheel. The main diesel runs on an electric generator, which, in turn, supplies electricity to each electric motor, - a representative of the Ministry of Defense, who is familiar with the design of the latest tractors, told Izvestia. - Thanks to this solution, compared to conventional tractors, not only the carrying capacity and power increase, but also the cross-country ability indicators are significantly improved. And if even two-thirds of the wheels fail, the car will remain mobile. Another plus is the absence of a cardan shaft, on which the mobility of the machine depends very much.
All tractors of the Platforma family are equipped with fully domestic engines with a capacity of 850 to 1,000 hp. produced by KamAZ. The cars have an electric transmission gearbox that is directly connected to the electric motors in each wheel of the car.
We have an electronic remote control system installed, - said Danis Valeev, - this means that there is a steering wheel as such in the cab, but the force from it is transmitted not to the shaft that controls the rotation of the wheels, but to a special electronic sensor. From it, the signal goes to the computer, which distributes commands to all wheels of the car to perform a maneuver. This allows you to create special algorithms for machine control.
The unique capabilities of the chassis and control of the Platform-O family machines are evidenced by the fact that the 16-axle KamAZ-7850 can deploy only 20 m of space.
To increase the maneuverability of the tractors, all wheels are swivel. "Platforms" can move "crab step", that is, almost sideways, when the car makes a maneuver or rebuilds without changing the position of the wheels, - explained the general designer of cars. - The hydropneumatic suspension of "Platforms" can also be considered unique. It allows you to automatically change the ground clearance of the car depending on what terrain it is moving on - off-road or highway.
In the summer of this year, the Russian media reported on serious problems accompanying the development and testing of tractors of the Platform-O family. In particular, in electric motors with a strong load on the wheels, an electrical closure occurred. The completion date for the Platform-O family has shifted from 2020 to 2022, and the Ministry of Defense has initiated the opening of a new development project to create super-heavy tractors of the traditional design.
The Russian Ministry of Defense does not comment on the progress of the tests and the possible adoption of the latest tractors. At the same time, as an informed source in the military department explained to Izvestia, Platform-O is a very serious and largely controversial technical project, and the development of the new family of tractors is likely to continue even after the tests are completed.
Which began to be produced at the plant in Pitesti in 2004. This was preceded by the purchase by Renault of the Romanian brand Dacia and the development of a new low-cost platform for emerging markets. The price of the finished car should not exceed 5,000 euros in the basic configuration, and this imposed certain restrictions on the engineers. We settled on the most popular front-wheel drive layout with a transverse power unit. A lot of ready-made solutions were borrowed from other production models: the McPherson front suspension and the rear - an elastic H-shaped beam - from Renault Clio, motors and gearboxes - from Megan. The main stage of development fell on computer modeling, which made it possible to reduce the time and costs of R&D, and the “transitional” Romanian models Dacia Nova and Solenza acted as mules.
Despite its simplicity (basic configurations lack even a power steering) and simple appearance, Logan bribed with a spacious interior and trunk compared to older classmates, indifference to the quality of roads and simplicity of design.
The most compact
The shorter of all of the lineup, which is based on the B0 platform, is the Renault Sandero hatchback. In Romania, of course, under the Dacia brand, it was mastered in 2007, and Sandero received his Moscow residence permit in 2009. The life cycle of this model turned out to be noticeably shorter - in Russia, production was curtailed at the end of 2014, having managed to produce nearly 200 thousand cars.
The highest ground clearance, entry, exit and ramp angles in comparison with soplatform models, the ability to forcibly block the rear wheel drive clutch turn the Duster into a worthy "rogue". Although the base of the Duster is slightly larger than the Logan, there is a minimum of space for the knees of the rear passengers. But due to the greater width, the crossover is more spacious in the shoulders. Therefore, those who rarely drive off the pavement choose the front-wheel drive Duster as a spacious station wagon with a high seating position behind the wheel.
"Sergei Shoigu lifted his boot over the Chelny "nuclear" centipede"published by the newspaper" BUSINESS Online», Reports interesting details about the status of the development program for a new chassis line on the Platform-O topic.
The X-hour is approaching for one of the most ambitious developments started 8 years ago at KAMAZ - a chassis for mobile missile systems, which are now being made by Belarusians. By the end of the year, the military will issue a verdict whether the program, into which billions have been thrown in, has a future. Meanwhile, information has already appeared that the Ministry of Defense is launching an alternative.
SUPER CHASSIS FOR ROCKETERS
The Ministry of Defense approved the terms of reference for the development of a chassis for autonomous launchers (APU) of mobile ground complexes (PGRK) of the Strategic Missile Forces (Strategic Rocket Forces). At the end of last year, the well-known military-industrial complex blogger and automobile journalist Alexander Privalov reported on the new topic of the edition of "BUSINESS Online", referring to the report of the representative of the research testing center of automotive technology of the 3rd Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation at the forum "Army-2015" And a little later, the code of a new research work (R&D) - "Compressor", also leaked into the blogosphere.
Photos from the stand with promising chassis for the Russian Ministry of Defense, exhibition "Army-2015", June 2015 (c) Mikhail Zherdev (via dimmi-tomsk.livejournal.com)
Sadly, the increasing certainty with this project calls into question one of the most ambitious military-industrial programs, launched 8 years ago in Naberezhnye Chelny. It started at KAMAZ, but since the auto giant in recent years has "dropped" all defense topics on its former "daughter", now an independent JSC "Remdizel", the laurels have to be divided into two formally independent enterprises.
In 2008, KAMAZ won the competition of the Ministry of Defense for carrying out R&D "Platform" to create special wheeled chassis and wheeled tractors (SKSHT). Already in 2010, R&D developed into a development work (ROC) "Platform-O". Within its framework, several samples were created, information on four of them was publicly presented at the end of May 2013. So, in the "Type of military vehicles for the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation for 2011 - 2020" (approved by order of the Minister of Defense dated November 26, 2012), in particular, it is indicated that within the framework of the ROC "Platform-O", a special wheeled chassis with a carrying capacity of 85 t ("KAMAZ-7850"), wheel arrangement 16x16; special wheeled chassis with a carrying capacity of 60 tons (KAMAZ-78509), wheel arrangement 12x12; a truck tractor for a semitrailer weighing 90 tons (KAMAZ-78504), wheel arrangement 8x8; ballast tractor for a trailer weighing 75 tons (aircraft at the airport - 400 tons; KAMAZ-78508), wheel arrangement 8x8. Even a layman could easily guess that the KAMAZ-7850 and KAMAZ-78509 centipedes are most likely intended for the installation of launchers, and the tractors can be used to tow weapons and military equipment.
Moreover, KAMAZ relied on the use of an unconventional technical solution: a diesel-electric drive with electric motors built into the wheel hubs. What are the benefits of this approach? As Privalov writes, firstly, this is the absence of a complex transmission: there is no clutch, gearbox, transfer case, drive shafts, differentials, which seriously reduces the weight of the chassis. Secondly, electric motors develop maximum torque as soon as they are powered. Thirdly, this arrangement allows all wheels of the chassis to rotate at different speeds and even in different directions. Fourth, it is possible to use a braking energy recovery system. Fifthly, ensuring active driving safety is facilitated - any algorithms of systems such as ABS are programmed in the control unit and can affect each wheel individually. Note that nowhere in the world has the idea of \u200b\u200bmotor-wheels been implemented on serial off-road military equipment, despite the fact that there have been attempts. However, the development process took a long time ...
CONTRIBUTING TO THE STROPTIVE LUKASHENKO
This innovativeness can also be explained by the fact that the Chelny project had to wipe its nose with competitors from the Minsk Wheel Tractor Plant (MZKT), the equipment of which the Russian military is using today. It is on the MZKT chassis that the Topol, Topol-M, and Yars strategic mobile missile systems are based. By the way, almost simultaneously with the launch of Platforma R&D, the Russian rocket developer Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering (MIT) has already worked with the MZKT on the chassis project (MZKT-79291, wheel arrangement 12x12) for the APU of the promising PGRK RS-26 (Rubezh). This six-axle chassis was first publicly shown on July 3, 2013 at the Independence Day parade in Minsk.
Apparently, the Russian leadership is unnerved by such a fundamental dependence on the obstinate Alexander Lukashenko, who has repeatedly made it clear that he is not going to be an errand boy for the Kremlin. Moscow has been trying for 5 years to buy the MZKT from the Belarusians, but all to no avail. Last summer, Batka set an unacceptable price for it - $ 3 billion, while, according to experts, a new plant could be built for $ 2 billion. However, this is unlikely to solve the problem, since the question arises: where to get specialists? Minsk has been raising them for over half a century. But this does not seem to stop. On March 30, Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev said: “They sold this MZKT for three years, but we didn’t agree on anything ... We need to take it all to KAMAZ. If they don’t want to sell, don’t need to, we will set up production at KAMAZ ”. Apparently, in response to this, Lukashenka at the end of April quite mockingly stated that Belarus was ready to meet Russia halfway and sell the MZKT, more precisely, exchange for ... an oil field worth 10 million tons annually (today Belarus buys 22 million tons of oil from Russia every year ).
Perhaps the President of Belarus knows more about the Russian SCST program than the general public, and Medvedev is wishful thinking? There have been talks for a long time about the fact that not everything is all right with the revolutionary KAMAZ development. According to Privalov, from the report of a KAMAZ representative at the Innovation Day of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, which took place on October 5, 2015, it followed that the developer was already ready to abandon the use of an innovative electromechanical transmission (EMT) and switch to a traditional, mechanical, and no motor wheels. That is, in fact, now we can talk about a complete analogue of MZKT products. “From open scientific publications it is known that after the work on the Platform-O went far, KAMAZ, within the framework of the agreement concluded with the Bauman Moscow State Technical University, received data that at the initial stage of the development of the Platform-O not the most optimal scheme, "Privalov told BUSINESS Online.
In his opinion, the disadvantages of the KAMAZ scheme turned out to be more than advantages, and some of them cannot yet be eliminated. For example, a blow when moving at high speed (and the Ministry of Defense constantly requires "to accelerate", because the enemy is developing means of destruction) on a terrain on which there are obstacles, can cause contact of the windings of the motor-wheel motor, which will cause the unit to fail (to get power, the gap between the rotor and the stator should be kept as small as possible). The electric transmission can fly at low temperatures (if you have to de-energize the equipment for masking, after a while moisture condenses on the windings of the electric motors, and a short circuit may occur when power is applied). Also among the disadvantages are large radiation in the infrared spectrum, the complexity of operation in a humid climate, problems with overcoming fords, instability to an electromagnetic pulse.
Perhaps these problems could have been solved at the level of fundamental research, but, as Privalov believes, the research work has not been brought to its logical conclusion. “How can you start R&D without solving the most serious scientific and technical problems in the course of R&D? He asks. - It was necessary to bring the research work to its logical conclusion, - he told "BUSINESS Online". - But no: they made a prototype, showed it to someone, he liked it, allocated huge funding (for this in the fall of 2008, funding had to be stopped for almost all other research and development projects on military vehicles), especially since there was a lobby. And it was necessary either to simultaneously make both an electric ship and a chassis with a mechanical transmission, or to deal with electric ships at the R&D level, and create a chassis with a mechanical transmission as the main one. The expert points out that for the military to accept "raw" chassis and tractors with EMT for supply, to put it mildly, is short-sighted. Actually, therefore, sums up Privalov, he was not surprised by the information about a shift to a later date (as the website of the Ministry of Defense informs, from 2020 to 2022) of plans to bring the share of modern missile weapons to 100%.
"IN CHELNAH NOW THINK: WHAT TO DO?"
And against this background, there were reports about the "Compressor". “In 2015, before the start of the state tests of the Platform, a new topic was approved for a multi-axle chassis with a 15-ton axle load. The topic is called "Compressor" - says one of the specialized blogs (development of the topic - here). “This program has been known for a long time, but the cipher was not widely known,” Privalov told BUSINESS Online. - Now he "leaked". The general characteristics are the same as for the "Platform" and for the same ".
The question arises: if "Platform O" is shut down, who will get the "Compressor" topic? According to Privalov, OJSC “Automobile plant“ Ural ”could get down to business, but for this, in a short time, he will have to go the same way, which in 8 years passed in Chelny, and this is unrealistic. And the Bryansk Automobile Plant in its current state will pull such a topic only in the mode of labor feat, with overstraining of forces, which is also from the category of unrealizable. So it is possible that "Compressor" is a "traditional" reincarnation of the "Platform". Privalov also hints at this.
“Whose topic is Compressor is the most interesting question, this is the intrigue,” he told BUSINESS Online. - However, please note that at the end of March at the Tutaevsky Motor Plant (TMZ, at the end of 2015, KAMAZ acquired 18.87% of the shares of this enterprise, another 31.78% are held by the main shareholder of the auto giant Rostec - approx. author) a Chinese delegation came. We considered the issue of launching production of 12-cylinder Weichai engines with a capacity of 2,000 horsepower - just for the Platform (not only for it, but primarily for it). Then there should have been negotiations at Rostec, but it is not known whether they were and how they ended. In the presentation of TMZ from 2012 to 2013, there are some plans for the prospects for the development of the enterprise until 2020, and among other things, the development of engines with a capacity of up to 2 thousand horsepower for KAMAZ special equipment is provided - it says so. In fact, KAMAZ is now thinking about what to do. There are no engines for the Platform, Liebherr (a Swiss company with which KAMAZ entered into an agreement in 2014 for the joint development of a number of engines - ed.) Can simply throw (according to Privalov, at least one of the Platform variants is installed namely Liebherr - author's note) - sanctions. The Chinese engine is not the best replacement, it is bigger in terms of weight and dimensions, but ...
Second point. At the plenary meeting of the Council of General Designers of the already mentioned Day of Innovation of the Ministry of Defense, representatives of KAMAZ mentioned that the plant is making efforts to become the leading R&D contractor for the development of automatic manual transmissions for the entire power range, including engines with a torque from 4000 to 5000 Nm. This is just right for the Platform. Why would KAMAZ develop mechanical transmissions for such powerful engines? It can be concluded that KAMAZ, having seen certain difficulties in testing, began to insure itself in order to develop a chassis for the Strategic Missile Forces with a traditional scheme, in fact, a complete analogue of the Minsk ones according to the scheme: engine, gearbox, cardan shafts to bridges and wheels. Otherwise, why would KAMAZ make such a mechanical transmission if it turns out an electric ship? "
"THE CHINESE CAN OVERWIDE US"
But maybe Privalov, with his reputation as a critic of KAMAZ, is biased? However, in general, the editor-in-chief of the magazine "Arsenal of the Fatherland" Viktor Murakhovsky expresses a similar point of view. “The terms of the ROC“ Platform O ”have already been disrupted,” he told BUSINESS Online. - But it is not only KAMAZ's fault. For example, he does not make electric motors, power supplies and power electronics, too. All this comes from subcontractors, they also pierced. Back in 2014, the Main Armored Directorate said: we are not reaching the necessary parameters for electric motors, power supplies, and power electronics. Moreover, due to objective technical limitations: there are no technologies in the world that allow implementing electric propulsion with parameters acceptable for the Ministry of Defense ... But, as far as I know, there is no final decision on the closure of the Platform yet. The deadline was given, which expires this year: it is necessary to once again submit the Platform for testing, and a decision will be made based on their results. " Igor Korotchenko, director of the center for the analysis of world arms trade, believes that there is no need to make a Russian alternative to MZKT products. “I think we don't need to change the Belarusian chassis to Russian ones,” he told BUSINESS Online. - Reliable cooperation has been established with Belarus, the entire system of technical support, basing of the PGRK is based on the products of the MZKT, therefore ... But everything is in the hands of the Ministry of Defense - whether it needs an alternative or not. The Strategic Missile Forces are completely satisfied with the chassis provided by the MZKT. "
“Most likely, the top political leadership gave KAMAZ and Remdizel one last chance, and now they are trying their best not to lose face, otherwise organizational conclusions will follow.” “Most likely, the top political leadership gave KAMAZ and Remdizel the last chance, and now they are trying their best not to lose face, otherwise organizational conclusions will follow. ”Photo: president.tatarstan.ru
By the way, the initially declared characteristics of the "Platform" are higher than those of the Belarusians: the speed is 60 km / h versus 40 km / h, the greatest ford depth is 1.5 m versus 1.1 m, the largest ascent angle is 20 degrees versus 10 degrees. It can be assumed that the Chelny residents managed to achieve these parameters, otherwise the car would simply not have been allowed to the first state tests. Apparently, the issue is reliability.
BUSINESS Online invited the management of Remdizel to comment on the situation, but received no response. What conclusions can be drawn from this whole story? Let's give the floor to Privalov again.
“Having received crazy money for the“ Platform ”and assuming that it would be possible to carry out a colossal amount of work on electromechanical transmissions, KAMAZ was going to leap a whole generation ahead: while the world deals with traditional transmissions, we will overtake everyone. But the logic of the development of science and technology says: you can jump over a generation only if there is scientific and technical groundwork. They were not created within the framework of the R&D Platform. One could take something from world practice, but so far no one in the world has developed an electric ship that could be used in the military.
If it is true that the "Platform" is being rolled up, since they understand that the electric ship is a dead end as of today, and the "Compressor" is being launched, it turns out that the country has lost 9 years (the topic began in 2007, when Vladimir Putin signed the first preliminary documents on her). If there is a chassis with a traditional transmission, Russia may step on a different rake: I am afraid that in this case work on electric ships will freeze, and the world will not stand still. We can be bypassed by the Chinese, who stubbornly act in this direction. R&D must be carried out constantly. The legacy obtained in the course of work on the "Platform" must be properly disposed of. There are achievements, and the achievements are very good.
But you need to draw the right conclusions. There have already been reports on the Internet that sample 78504 was lost almost immediately after the start of the state tests of the Platform. Moreover, according to military forums, it cannot be restored (my sources also confirm this fact, but I was asked not to disclose details) ... It is good at least that people did not suffer. And this did not happen in some harsh climatic conditions, but at a test site near Moscow, where all the roads to testers have been known since the 1950s. I don't know if exhaustive conclusions were drawn after what happened, I would like to believe in it ... This is also why defense industry enterprises are afraid so far to "transfer" their products to electric ships without comprehensive tests, which should be carried out both in a hot desert area (where at 50 -degree heat on the nodes and assemblies dust settles in a 5-centimeter layer), and in northern conditions (somewhere in Yakutia, in the Oymyakon region, at minus 50 degrees), and in the Far Eastern climate (with almost one hundred percent humidity), and highlands. If such tests are not carried out, then the soldiers and officers will treat the equipment that entered the troops with distrust - it can fail at any time. The good news is that NIITs AT 3 of the Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, after an almost 20-year break, has resumed test expeditions, which means that money has appeared for such tests!
By the way, it is necessary to improve test methods for electric ships, that is, to conduct tests in conditions as close as possible to modern military operations, when the enemy uses ammunition that generates a powerful electromagnetic pulse, as well as other weapons based on unconventional principles. And for this, it is necessary to change or supplement the test methods, resolve issues with updating equipment in test centers and at proving grounds (explosive tests are needed, including in dynamics, since a detachment of a motor-wheel can threaten to short-circuit - several hundred volts are supplied to them) ... The time for electric ships has not yet come, but it is not far off, and we need to prepare for this in advance.
I can only add that the specialists of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University more than two years ago expressed their views on the transition from the motor-wheel scheme to the motor-axle scheme, such a transition promises advantages and only confirms my proposals to KAMAZ, which I have also been expressing for more than one year. It is curious that the specialists of Baumanka expressed their proposals within the framework of the agreement concluded with KAMAZ. But will KAMAZ be engaged in electric ships with a different scheme?
Most likely, the top political leadership gave KAMAZ and Remdizel one last chance, and now they are trying their best not to lose face, otherwise organizational conclusions will follow. "
Skeptics have long time to complain - the days when each car was unique, had its own character and charisma are gone. These times ended in the 90s, when globalization finally began to rule the world. The time of loners with a special look is over, and they have been replaced by large united corporations, for which it is cheaper and easier to design not individual cars, but immediately lines.
The concept of "platform" has become very widely used, when different bodies are installed on one "bogie" and get a rich model range. Avto25.ru decided to acquaint its readers with this phenomenon by the example of one of the most successful developments of recent years - the B0 platform, on which budget cars of the Renault-Nissan concern, and now Lada, are based.
What is “platform”? There is no exact answer, but usually this word means the structure of the suspensions, the power structure of the body, the principle of the arrangement of the elements. The length and width are not fundamental, they can be varied depending on the model, while maintaining the general scheme. This is very clearly seen in the example of B0.
Platform B0
They began to design this platform back in 1998. Renault Logan became her father, so to speak, for which she was developed. Logan has become a car of a new formation. Before him, leading manufacturers did not come up with an idea that they could make a modern car that meets all safety standards, but at the same time a cheap car, and sell it only in countries with an undeveloped car market. Then this business idea was copied by many, but Logan was the first.
When designing, the engineers had a difficult task - to fit the basic version of the machine into the cost of 5,000 euros. This gave its own characteristics and the platform that was developed for the model. The savings were significant due to two factors.
Firstly, spare parts and elements from other Renault models were widely used. Despite the fact that the platform itself was new, there were not many original parts in it. This turned out to be a plus - there is no need to spend money to develop new elements, besides, spare parts that have been produced for a long time have already “recaptured” the design costs and have fallen in price, and have had childhood diseases and can provide high reliability.
Secondly, the design did not use expensive running models - the engineers performed all the calculations on a computer. This inspired fears that the car would have inherent problems associated with the mistakes of engineers, but it did without them. On the contrary, the suspension of cars on the B0 platform is famous for a very good set of characteristics, without pronounced drawbacks.
Suspension design on the example of Sandero
Naturally, the design of a car, designed within a small budget, simply could not have any revelations. No multi-links and thrusters - everything is very simple and cheap: MacPherson struts in front, a semi-independent beam in the back, engines are located across, the drive is front. However, here the engineers have laid themselves room for maneuver, which we will talk about later.
Logan, which appeared in 2004, was cut according to these patterns. The car was a huge success around the world. It was sold under the brands Dacia, Nissan, Mahindra, in Russia the name Renault is used. After Logan sold out in huge numbers, the company thought that a successful platform could be used to expand the line of budget cars.
In 2007, the Sandero hatchback appeared, in 2010 - the Duster crossover. In the first case, there were almost no platform changes. It was only slightly shortened by reducing the wheelbase. The rest of the elements remained unchanged. Duster is a completely different matter, after all, but still a crossover. The suspension was strengthened (although the general scheme remained the same), the clearance was increased, and in addition, an all-wheel drive implementation was invented. Here constructive "reserves" came in handy: next to the gearbox there was a place for a transfer case, under the bottom the cardan lay freely, and the rear suspension received a bridge instead of a beam, thus becoming independent. It is not surprising that when the time came to modernize Logan in 2014, they did not abandon the B0 platform, and the changes affected primarily the body and interior.
Renault Duster
In 2012, minivans Dacia Lodgy and Dacia Dokker, which were not presented in Russia, saw the light. They are based on an extended version of the B0 platform, additionally reinforced for use in commercial vehicles. In Russia, these machines would probably be a success, but so far there is no talk of their localization and delivery.
In parallel with the Dacia and Renault brands, the B0 platform is used in Nissan vehicles. However, this is not exactly the right platform. Cars under the Japanese brand are more expensive, so engineers are not too short of money. Because of what, the Nissan version received a number of features. But, in general, we can assume that such cars as Nissan Cube, Nissan Tiida, Nissan Bluebird Sylphy, Nissan Note, Nissan Wingroad, Nissan Livina Geniss, Nissan NV200 are produced on the B0 platform.
In Russia, the B0 platform found a second life after AvtoVAZ bought a license to use it from Renault-Nissan. To many, this seemed to be an imposed decision on the part of the concern, which by that time already owned 25% of AvtoVAZ shares, but in reality the purchase turned out to be successful. The residents of Togliatti took a station wagon based on Logan and prepared the Largus model, which differs from the original only in the front bumper, and more powerful front levers. The roomy station wagon, which also costs a little less than the original Logan, is in high demand.
Renault Logan cutaway
In addition, AvtoVAZ not only bought the right to use the platform, but also has the ability to modify it. So, they are already talking about modifications with Togliatti engines and gearboxes. The platform allows it. And there, you see, there will be other versions.
Another car on the B0 platform from Tolyatti is the Nissan Almera. This is a state employee in the best traditions of Logan. For its production, an elongated version of the platform was used (moreover, it was its original version), which allowed the car to grow noticeably in size. But the general layout has remained the same, even motors and transmissions are used not from Nissan, but from the original Renovation.
Nissan almera
One should hardly be surprised at the popularity of cars on this platform in our country. It was literally created for Russia. Cars on B0 cannot boast of a very high smoothness of the ride, perfected handling or lack of roll in corners, but they are distinguished by an omnivorous suspension that successfully resists bumpy roads, are relatively maintainable and have a simple design. And the reliability is quite good. For Russia, these qualities are much more important. The price also plays a significant role, because all the listed cars are relatively inexpensive.
Lada largus
Perhaps not everyone realizes this, but Renault Logan, Lada Largus and Nissan Almera are not very different from each other. For some, this is a minus, because the choice of original, distinctive cars is decreasing, but the development of the automotive industry in the past few decades indicates exactly this path - a common base on which a lot of models are manufactured. And nothing can be done about it.
Dynamic display of the running capabilities of a special wheeled chassis KamAZ-7850 of the "Platform-O" project with a wheel arrangement of 16x16, carrying capacity of 85 tons, for mobile soil missile systems (PGRK) at the Army-2018 forum
Sergey Ischenko
Army-2018: Rocket KamAZ moved Lukashenko's father
Nuclear parity between the Russian Federation and the United States cannot depend on the whims of the leader of Belarus
An important episode of the Army-2018 International Military-Technical Forum that ended in the Moscow Region was the dynamic demonstration of the giant special wheeled chassis KamAZ-7850 (Platform-O project). The spectacle turned out to be impressive. A mighty tractor, built according to the 16 × 16 formula and with a carrying capacity of 85 tons, has just not danced a waltz: it turned almost on the spot and moved almost sideways.
However, this spectacle was not enjoyed everywhere. There is no doubt that the TV picture from the Moscow Region test site was watched with special sadness in Belarus. Because it turned out that the Strategic Missile Forces of the Russian Federation were about to cease to be the most generous customers of the Minsk Wheel Tractor Plant. Because KamAZ-7850 is a full-fledged replacement for the famous Belarusian tractor MZKT-79221. And now the KAMAZ, and not the Minsk nuclear "centipedes" will become carriers of intercontinental ballistic missiles of the mobile complexes RT-2PM2 "Topol-M", "Yars" and much more. And the huge amount of money that each such car costs will remain in the Russian, not in the Belarusian treasury.
Such is the sudden turn of the "high allied relations" of our countries. But before talking about the new notable achievement of the domestic defense industry, it is useful to recall what passions have been boiling at the highest level all these years around the missile tractors from Minsk. And why, in general, did we bang such serious sums on what we already regularly received from the Belarusians.
Have you not forgotten why, at the end of the 90s of the last century, when Marshal Igor Sergeev was sitting in the ministerial chair on the Arbat, Russia feverishly began to develop the Topol-M strategic missile system?
It so happened that until then, in the rearmament of our own Strategic Missile Forces, we were highly dependent on other former Soviet republics. First of all - from Ukraine. But even then at all diplomatic crossroads she was shouting that she was going to NATO. And as an advance payment to the West for its benevolence, it could easily stop the modernization of Russia's nuclear shield in one fell swoop.
The former commander of the Strategic Missile Forces, Marshal Igor Sergeev himself saw this danger better than many. And for several years practically the entire meager defense budget of the country was directed to only one thing - the creation of a Russian strategic missile to the last rivet. This is how Topol-M was born in 1997.
Thus, we could no longer look back at Ukraine, which soon became completely distraught. And the fact that the missile of the new complex was transported not by the Russian, but by the Belarusian tractor MZKT-79221, at first did not cause much concern. Moscow and Minsk publicly everywhere announced their intentions to create a full-fledged Union State. With a single currency, parliament and something else. And what about the scores between loyal allies?
But the real steps taken by politicians turned out to be such that this promising project somehow did not work out right away. Mutual reproaches accumulated, it became more and more difficult to hide them in both capitals. The union of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Bashkortostan looked more and more like a simple declaration and a demagogic cover for the bureaucratic "cutting" of generous budget funds. In Moscow, they were worried: it turned out that first the mobile Topol-M, and then its development - Yars, we built. But if suddenly the unpredictable leader of Belarus Alexander Lukashenko once again decides to show his cool temper - then lay out new ICBMs even on the asphalt.
The solution proposed by the Russian side looked simple and logical. We asked Old Man to sell us the Minsk Wheel Tractor Plant. Moreover, almost 90 percent of its production is already bought by Moscow. Moreover, at least 70 percent - within the framework of the Russian state defense order.
MZKT cars are not only driven by our Topol and Yars. The lineup of this unique enterprise, created in the days of the USSR, is now unusually wide. In addition to the eight-axle MZKT-79221, tractors and smaller ones are produced there. As a result, it was for them that the launchers, antenna posts and control cabins of the S-300PS / PM and S-400 Triumph anti-aircraft missile systems, launchers of the Smerch and Tornado multiple launch rocket systems, a mobile coastal anti-ship complex "Bastion", cruise missiles RK-55, vehicles of the coastal artillery complex "Bereg", transport vehicles for antimissiles 53T6 "Amur". Finally, the famous Iskander tactical missile system also rests on the MZKT-7930 wheeled chassis weighing 42 tons and a payload of 19 tons. Therefore, the dependence of our army on Minsk in missile weapons turned out to be simply critical.
As subsequent events showed, Lukashenka understood perfectly well that in this matter he had Moscow on a very tough and short leash. And I decided not to sell too cheap. The price was just prohibitive. According to some sources - $ 3 billion. At the same time, experts in Moscow argued that for 2 billion "green" such a plant can be delivered anywhere. Even in an open field.
Yes, perhaps we would have delivered and delivered. But where to get specialists? First of all, a design school that has been nurtured in Minsk for more than half a century? In general, Moscow could have been stabbed to death about the severity of these problems. But this only added excitement in the bidding to our strategic ally. The plant in Minsk was sold like potatoes at a fair.
In 2016, Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev commented on the strength of these “friendly hugs” as follows: “This MZKT has a funny story. They sold this MZKT for three years, but we didn’t agree on anything ... If you don’t want to sell, don’t need to, we will set up production at KamAZ ”.
Lukashenko responded literally right there: "The Russian Federation is very active in this direction:" We want, we want, sell us this plant. " When we start calling the price, they open their eyes wide. Then I say: "Goodbye" ... The plant can be built, the walls are inexpensive, the equipment can be bought, and loans will be given by those who produce the equipment. But to teach people to work on this equipment and within these walls, to create a school in order to receive a high-quality product is not even years, but decades. "
Daddy immediately personally went to the MZKT and summed up the result within its walls: “We are scared that Russia, they say, will invent its own centipedes and will carry nuclear warheads on its own - and for health! If today they have brains and money, which they do not have - let them invent! "
It was against this background that in 2008 we began to create our own super-tractors for missile weapons on Kama. Without a doubt, this really turned out to be an almost impossible task. And the project must have swallowed the money for sure. Because the task was to make a tractor for the "strategists" by 2015. And they coped with it, it turns out, only now.
They also came to their senses in the Almaz-Antey concern, which produces the best Russian anti-aircraft missile systems. For their S-300 and S-400, they bought the Bryansk Automobile Plant, the main Russian manufacturer of heavy equipment, in 2016. The BAZ-6909 tractor with an 8 × 8 wheel arrangement was chosen as the main one for placing the elements of the S-400 complex on a wheeled chassis. And in the future - and S-500 "Prometheus".
On the development of its own chassis for autonomous launchers of mobile soil complexes of the Strategic Missile Forces, together with KamAZ, the research and testing center of automotive equipment of the 3rd Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation began to work. The experimental design work was named "Platform-O".
What exactly was to be done? About this - in the "Type of military vehicles for the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation for 2011 - 2020", approved by the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation in 2012. The document first announced the following machines: a special wheeled chassis with a carrying capacity of 85 tons (KamAZ-7850), wheel arrangement 16 × 16; special wheeled chassis with a carrying capacity of 60 t (KamAZ-78509), wheel arrangement 12 × 12; a truck tractor for a semitrailer weighing 90 t (KamAZ-78504), wheel arrangement 8 × 8; ballast tractor for a trailer weighing 75 tons (aircraft at the airport - 400 tons; KamAZ-78508), wheel arrangement 8 × 8.
From the very beginning, a fundamentally different direction of machine design was chosen than in Minsk. Without clutch, gearbox, transfer case, drive shafts, differentials. Instead, there are diesel-electric drives with electric motors built into the wheel hubs. This arrangement allows the wheels to rotate at different speeds and even in different directions. This greatly increases the cross-country ability and maneuverability of the tractor.
Nobody else in the world has managed to do this. And at KamAZ all the problems were overcome. Albeit with a great delay. As a result, the 8-axle KamAZ-7850 shown at the "Army-2018" for a quick full turn, as it turned out, is enough for a site measuring only 20 by 20 meters. He just crawls over it like a crab.
Other characteristics of the new Russian tractor are also impressive. Almost everything is higher than that of the Belarusians. The speed is 60 km / h versus 40 km / h, the greatest ford depth is 1.5 meters versus 1.1 meters, the greatest climb angle is 20 degrees versus 10 degrees.
This is very important for mobile strategic missile systems, which patrol, as a rule, in deserted, practically roadless and poorly developed areas.
But what will happen now to the unique Minsk Wheel Tractor Plant, the need for which Russia has less and less? What will happen to its staff, which, as they say, numbers about 4.5 thousand people and works almost exclusively for our market? The Minskers should, obviously, ask about this from their excessively economic Batka Lukashenko.
Alexander Grigorievich, by the way, seems to have already found a new sales market for the plant. As you know, Ukraine is now in full swing trying to create its own operational-tactical complex "Grom-2" in order to try to shell Moscow with its help. The self-propelled Groma-2 mock-up covered with an awning first hit the lenses of TV cameras in May last year. And in the tractor rushing along the road, the Minsk MZKT-79292 with a carrying capacity of 35 tons was immediately identified. So if we assume that by some miracle Kiev will eventually bring the Grom-2 OTRK to mind, the contribution of our closest ally to this event will be, if not decisive, then very significant.
By the way, did you notice? - lately there are less and less empty talk about the Union State. This is neither good nor bad. Simply - a reality from which neither Moscow nor Minsk can escape.
