Many of us with you replant with cars with ABS, really do not know - how to slow down on them. There are even questions experienced drivers. Yes, what to hide - I myself, when I moved to my Ford Fusion, such braking was a surprise for me, because the VAZ 2114 who was before, such a system had no such system and the stop process was slightly different (especially in winter and in rainy weather). Therefore, you need to know and understand how this system works and stop it correctly ...
A little about the device
About the ABS system, I already wrote - read, it will be interesting. But today I want to recall a little about the principle of operation of this device.
Without abs
A car - which does not have such a system slipping road (Whether it is snow or rain), when you click on the brake pedal blocks all 4 wheels, especially if the braking is emergency. In this way, braking distances It grows, because the stain of the touch of rubber and the coating is one thing - on the ice (snowy) road, it will quickly score with snow, and on the asphalt road (rain) it will float.
The trajectory will not be linear and most likely, a skid will appear. Many professional drivers deliberately let the car in a small skid, then the pedal is released and again presses - a kind of imitation of the anti-lock system.
With abs
In the car wheel device, special devices are installed, it is a gear gear, as well as a sensor that catches the wheel lock. After that, the signal is fed to a special controller, where the decision is made to unlock a particular side.
Thus, the wheels are not completely blocked, and the braking is more efficient (if rude, then you can describe the brake path as the dot - dial - dot). Thus - the surface of the tire always substitute new part Wheels, for braking, then the other changes, etc. All this happens in automatic mode.
I think it is understandable. Now directly the lesson himself.
LESSON
1) To begin with, the guys need to be understood - that miracles do not happen and not always ABS can save you. For example - in winter on an ice road with extreme braking not 100% protection. Yes, and the spikes will not save you either. Therefore, the first rule in extreme conditions (snow, rain) must be kept an enlarged distance (, everything is in detail there).
2) In such situations, I do not advise you to accelerate to limit speeds, again this system may not be saved. I repeat - miracles does not happen.
3) for those who transplanted with ordinary cars For options with ABS. It was so necessary - that we used to stop the car either by rolling (easily block the wheels - let go - again block it, etc., without leading the car into a skid), or speed, lower the transfer (I'm about winter driving). The guys here it will not roll - the lock is excluded here, because ABS will not allow you to block the wheels, the pedal will begin to resist by pressing, making specific sounds. Yes, and if you have a machine, then you also do not slow down the speed.
4) newbies and those who just "moved" lies in that - when the pedal resistance is pressed, they immediately throw it to press. Thus, only exacerbating your situation, because the car did not get up. Do this not in any case - it is impossible . You need to put the pedal with all my might - until the machine stops. And the characteristic sound and resistance of the pedal, you should not scare exactly how the ABS works, it does not allow you to block the wheels.
5) If applied to the machine, the principle of action is so - we are going right leg on gas pedals
- If you need emergency braking - you simply remove the leg with the gas and give the brake with all my might
AT winter time Each driver must change the aggressive driving style on a calmer and soft.
Even experienced refills should be careful on the roads to avoid collisions with other cars. This rule also applies to drivers that control the machine with ABS (anti-lock system).
The principle of work ABS
On the icing road (as after the rain), braking becomes a problem for drivers. If you sharply click on the brake, the wheels are blocked and the machine begins to slide. As a supplement - lack of control over the machine. The wheels are blocked, it means that turning and maneuvers will not work. And if on the usual road it threatens only a collision with ahead of the next or standing obstacle, then a skid is inevitable on a slippery surface.
ABS is a blocking system. It works only with a sharp braking and removes blocking from the wheels. This allows you to control the car and safely take it from obstacles. But in order for the system to work, simultaneously execute two conditions:
- Pressed brake pedal.
- At least one blocked wheel.
Under these conditions, ABS is triggered, which lowers slightly brake pads, keeping car handling.
But there is a system and disadvantages that should be considered:
- Reducing the system on an uneven road with potholes and stones, which leads to an increase in the braking route of the car. This is due to the fact that when the wheels cling to the stone and bounces, at this moment the ABS is activated. And when the wheel returns to the road, the clutch with the surface increases, and the braking force is already reduced. Therefore, it is recommended to overcome such obstacles at reduced speed.
- The system can recognize the type of coating, but not rebuilding on mixed roads. For example, if the car first falls on the ice, then on the asphalt, and then on the puddle, the system will work as if ice is everywhere. This reduces the efficiency of the ABS.
- Reducing the efficiency of the system in areas of the road covered with snow.
- The ABS stops working with a speed drop to 5 km / h. And if the car turns out to be on a slippery slope through which the machine confidently roll down, it will be impossible to slow down. In this case, you will have to look for another method of braking - handbrake or neutral speed on automatic transmission.
But most chief flaw Systems are excessive trust in her. Remember that ABS is a function of a car that, like any program, has a property to be bored and break. Trust, first of all, with your driver's instincts and always have a backup emergency braking plan. And never exceed the speed on slippery roads.
How to brake with ABS?
Emergency braking technique with ABS and without it is different. If your machine is missing the wheel unlocking system, then on a slippery surface to stop you need to quickly press the brake pedal. Put the brake into the floor can not - so you lose control over the car.
But S. installed system Emergency braking technology is different. You need to click smoothly on the brake pedal (and clutch, if any) until you stop and keep until a complete stop. And remember the few nuances:
- During emergency braking, you will hear a crunch - this is normal, so the ABS is triggered. No need to scare this sound and, moreover, you can not let the brake pedal.
- It is impossible to let go of the gas pedal until a complete stop. Even if the speed of the car has fallen hard, wait for the car braking, after which you can weaken push.
- Control the car. Remember that ABS makes it possible to control the machine, and not to go in one direction. Try to avoid collisions with other cars.
- Trust, above all, for yourself and your intuition. Do not forget that the system can bring in the most inopportune moment.
- Before turning, starting to slow down in 20-30 meters, slowly pressing the brake pedal. At the intersection, the system will provide a smooth maneuver without driving.
Also remember the basic rules of driving in winter:
- The distance between cars should be maximum do not count that the ABS will reduce the braking path. This may not happen, which will lead to a collision with another participant of movement.
- Do not exceed the speed, especially on a slippery road and with bad weather conditions. Better you will arrive to the destination by a little later than it will not come up at all.
- Carefully follow the situation on the road, do not be distracted. Many ignore the danger, exceeding the speed, which leads to a drift. Be prepared for any situation and think in advance the action plan.
- Change tires in a timely manner. In winter, on summer tires, it is very dangerous.
Follow the road and be especially attentive in the winter season!
The ABS system does not allow the wheels to be blocked during emergency braking. It would seem that the benefits are obvious. Nevertheless, every year, as soon as the roads are covered with snow, complaints appear that aBS system It worsens the behavior of the car in the snow, as a result of which the car either does not respond at all to the pedal pressing, or significantly increases the braking distance. Disable ABS is impossible.
Let's try to understand whether ABS really brings only harm on snow-covered roads.
According to supporters of disconnecting ABS, "in conditions of limited thrust, such as snow, ice or dirt, ABS is really harmful to your safety, because it significantly increases the braking path."
Opponents of the anti-lock system report about the following: "If the ABS system is turned on, and it is possible to understand this in the way that the brake pedal" beats "on the driver's foot, the brake path on the ice or loose snow It becomes even longer than usual. " Another driver adds: "I don't like when my car decides, turn on the brake system or not." Some even offer their ways to solve the problem: "I would like to set up ABS so that the system is activated for a stronger press on the pedal, then it will work better than now. I can choose when you use the anti-lock system. "
Meanwhile, automakers believe that disabling the anti-lock system on the snow is an extremely bad idea. So Mike Rizzo, Technical Officer General Motors, responsible for the work of the chassis, is sure: "If I'm driving and allow the front axle to be blocked before the rear axis, I get into a situation where the car will not obey the steering force."
It should be noted that disabling the anti-lock system entails and disabling the control of traction. According to the US NHTSA safety regulator, the presence of ABS reduces the likelihood of an accident with fatal outcome by 30% for sedans and 63% for crossovers.
Meanwhile, as the same Mike Rizzo noted, the idea of \u200b\u200bdisconnecting ABS is not entirely unfounded. On loose soil or on gravel coating, the brake path will increase. In this case, at a small distance, braking may be useless. The car simply will not have time to stop, which significantly increases the likelihood of an accident. However, the car without ABS will continue to move on inertia, while the car driver with ABS will retain the possibility of maneuvering. For driving safety in winter It is recommended to increase the distance between cars, both traveling ahead of you and the following you.
"Approximately 20 or 30 years ago, drivers began to learn how to behave on ice. It is recommended to intermittently press the pedal: block and release the wheel so that it scores the former rotation speed required to maintain specified speed car. This is what makes anti-lock system- And it turns out much faster: the computer has time to find the optimal solution to a difficult situation faster than the driver, "said Mike Rizzo. Locking and unlocking the wheels is made up to several tens of times per second. Man repeat this trick is physically impossible. It is especially important that the car maintains handling, so the driver may have time to breathe in the direction necessary to him.
He also said that letters often receive letters in the address of the company, in which the automaker is asked whether the engineers cannot program the ABS controller so that it recognizes when the wheels are in the literal position, and blocked them.
In test conditions, this solution is optimal, "the technical specialist noted," but it is not always applicable in life. Blocking the wheels will actually make the car uncontrollable when you fall on a very slippery surface. ABS will blocked the wheels for a moment, after which they will try again to unwind the vehicle speed. The friction will be enough to melt the ice, the water layer between the wheel and the surface reduces the adhesion with the road, reducing controllability, and increases the braking path. Even studded tires do not fully solve this problem.
On the ice, especially if it is a climb or descent, it is recommended not to do sharp movements. Try to keep the engine on medium turnover, preventing sharp vibration frequency oscillations: from low to high and vice versa. An increase in thrust should be given gradually, in small portions. It will also be useful to include increased gear.
Pressing the brake pedal in cars equipped with ABS must be confident. Often drivers, feeling "beating" pedals, let go. It is necessary to confidently click on the brake pedal and hold it until the car is stopped. Intermittent or insecure pressing will only increase the time until the complete stop.
Inexperienced drivers who first went to snow weather, it is recommended not to regret the time and first practice on an empty road or parking, to understand, a car behaves in various conditions on a slippery surface, as well as test various methods of controlling the brake system in such a situation.
The ABS anti-lock system allows you to avoid blocking wheels when braking a car, keeping its handling. How to ride with ABS in winter?
How ABS works
In the case of sharp braking on a car that does not equip the anti-lock brake system, its wheels are blocked, that is, simply cease to rotate.
The power of inertia will be inexorably moving the car in space, as a result of which it will glide with the wheels along the road surface, like the rink.
In winter conditions, when the clutch coefficient with an expensive is much lower than in the warm season, such an uncontrolled slip is fraught with loss of controlling the car and its drift.
It is quite different ways the similar situation if the machine is equipped with an anti-lock system. The wheel hubs of such a car are equipped with inductive sensors transmitting with a car control system information about the rotation speed of each of the wheels.
If during braking one of the wheels of the machine stops rotating (blocked) the control system starts the anti-lock mechanism.
The bypass valves are triggered, the brake force on the wheel weakens and the car again acquires reliable contact with the road surface.
The braking force is adjustable on each of the wheels individually, and the anti-lock system itself can work up to ten or more in one second.
Especially useful ABS when braking in heterogeneous road coveringWhen one wheel of the car rides on asphalt, and another on the side of the road. In this case, the anti-lock system distributes the brake force transmitted to the right and left wheels, providing a car to its straight movement.
Driving a car with anti-lock system in winter
Tires on the wheels of the car must match the season - to operate the car with summer rubber In winter, it is unacceptable.
Observe the distance between cars, the winter distance to ahead of the ride machine must be much more than summer.
When performing maneuvers, especially when entering the turn, avoid sharp presses On the brake pedal.
These were the basic rules currently relevant for cars with ABS and for vehicle In which the anti-lock block is missing.
Press the brake pedal smoothly, with increasing effort. Hearing a crack, testifying to ABS's triggering, no need to weaken the effort on the brake pedal and even more so to take the leg with the pedal.
Continue to hold the brake pedal pressed until the machine stops or to the desired degree of slowing down.
Do not panic in case the car is inhibits jerks - this mode of operation of the brake system with ABS is regular.
Be careful when moving through bulk surfaces and roads with significant irregularities. The efficiency of the anti-lock system in these cases falls noticeably, and therefore avoid harsh braking, in advance reducing the speed of movement.
Another feature of ABS behavior is uncontrolled car rolling, equipped with this system, with a slippery slope.
Trying to call on the snow-covered or, at a certain point, the wheel of the car can start slipping, and the car itself either freeze in place, or it will start slowly ridge back.
When you press the brake pedal, the anti-lock block system will work and under the incessant CRS CRS, the car slowly, but confidently roll down. What is the reason for such behavior of the anti-lock system?
The fact is that the wheels rotation sensors do not know how to determine the direction of rotation of the wheels, and therefore, with a sense of accomplishment, unlock wheels, allowing them to rotate back at a minimum speed.
Salvation from such a situation for the front-wheel drive car will be the use of parking (manual) brakes with simultaneous operation of the accelerator pedal.
Hold the rear-wheel drive from slaughtering down the slide can only hand brakeIf he does not cope with his task, the car will be either in the cuvette, or will hit the stand behind the car.
The best way to understand the peculiarities of the behavior of your car on the snow or ice is a test drive.
Having found a large and empty snow-covered platform, study the behavior of your car. By typing the speed dramatically, turn out the steering wheel, perform unthinkable pyruets.
Good luck to you! Nor nail or rod!
With a sharp braking on a slippery road, problems may arise. Anti-lock system (ABS) takes on this action and protects your nerves. In fact, on a slippery road even professional driver It can not brake without ABS also quickly as the average driver with it. In this article, we consider anti-lock systems - why do we need them, how are they arranged, how do they work, what they happen, and what problems may occur when using them?
The location of the components of the anti-lock system.
ABS pump and valves
ABS system
In theory, the anti-lock system is simple enough. If you are driving on the ice, then you see how the wheels rotate, but there is no clutch with an expensive. This is due to the slippage of the reference area of \u200b\u200bthe wheel on the ice. The anti-locking system prevents the wheel lock and slip, which gives you two advantages: the stop is faster and you save the car driving during the stop. ABS includes the following components:- Speed \u200b\u200bsensors
- Pump
- Valves
- Control block
Speed \u200b\u200bsensors
The anti-lock system must track the moment, border with the locking of the wheels. Speed \u200b\u200bsensors installed on each wheel, or in some cases, on differential, read this information.Valves
AT brake system Valves are installed for each brake controlled by ABS. In some systems, the valve has 3 positions:- In position 1, the valve is open; Pressure from the main cylinder is transmitted to the brake.
- In position 2, the valve blocks the line, isolating the brake from the main cylinder. This prevents pressure increases with a stronger press on the brake pedal.
- In position 3, the valve slightly reduces the pressure in the brake.
Pump
Because The valve can loosen the pressure of the brakes, it is necessary to somehow tighten it to its original position. For this, the pump is used; When the valve bursts the pressure in the line, the pump pumps it to the required level.Control block
The control unit is a computer. It monitors speed sensors and controls valves.ABS work
There are various variants of algorithms and their combinations to manage ABS. We will consider the principle of operation of the simplest system. The control unit continuously reads the readings of the speed sensors. It tracks any reduction in speed, which are not normal. For example, before locking the wheel, the speed of its rotation drops sharply. When ignoring this, the wheel stops much faster than the car. In ideal conditions for stopping at a speed of 100 km / h, the car requires about 5 seconds, but the wheel is blocked in less than 1 second. The ABS control unit knows that such a sharp interrupt is impossible, so it reduces the pressure on the brakes until the acceleration begins, then again increases the pressure until re-braking. This happens so quickly that the wheel does not have time to dramatically change the speed. As a result, the wheels are inhibited at the same speed as the car, while the wheels are inhibited in a position, border with blocking. At the same time, the system reaches the maximum brake force. When ABS is triggered, you will feel the pulsation of the brake pedal; This is due to the rapid opening and closing of the valves. In some ABS, up to 15 opening / closing cycles of valves per second.Types of anti-lock systems
In cars are used different types Anti-lock systems depending on the type of brakes installed. We will consider ABS by the number of channels - i.e. The number of valves that are controlled separately - and the number of speed sensors.Four-channel ABS with four sensors
This type is the best. Speed \u200b\u200bsensors are set on each wheel, as well as for each wheel a separate valve is installed. With this type of ABS, the control unit controls each wheel separately to ensure the highest braking force.Three-channel ABS with three sensors
Usually this type is used on small trucks (pickles) under the action of ABS for all four wheels. The front wheels have two sensors and valves, one for each wheel, and one sensor and valve is installed for the rear wheels. Rear wheel speed sensor is located on rear axle. Such a system involves individual control for each front wheel, providing maximum effort Brakes. The rear wheels are tracked in a pair, i.e. To trigger ABS, you need blocking both rear wheels. This type of ABS allows one blocking one rear wheel When braking, which reduces its effectiveness.Single-channel ABS with one sensor
This type is usually installed on small trucks (pickups) under the action of ABS only on the rear wheels. Such ABS has only one valve to control both rear wheels and one sensor located on the back bridge. This type also functions as the rear of three-channel ABS. Rear wheels are tracked in a pair, i.e. To trigger ABS, you need blocking both rear wheels. This type of ABS allows blocking one rear wheel when braking, which reduces its efficiency. Such ABS is easy to find out. It usually has one brake line, going to both rear wheels through a tee. You can also find a speed sensor for an electrical connection next to the rear axle differential.Frequently Asked Questions on ABS
Do I need to slow down the intermittent click on the brake pedal on a slippery road?
When driving on a car equipped with ABS, you do not need to slow down by intermittent clicking on the pedal. Intermittent pressing on the brake pedal is used when braking a car without ABS to prevent the wheels and save the control of the machine. In cars with ABS blocking wheels never happen, so intermittent pressing on the pedal will only extend the stop time. With emergency braking on a car with ABS, it is necessary to confidently press the brake pedal and keep it pressed until ABS is braking. You can feel a strong pulsation of the pedal, but it should be, do not let go of the pedal.Is it true an anti-lock system?
ABS makes braking more efficient. It prevents the wheel lock and provides the smallest brake path on a slippery road. But does ABS contribute to the prevention of accidents? American Institute road safety conducted a number of studies to determine how often aBS cars Participate in an accident with fatal. The results of the 1996 study showed that ABS does not prevent the occurrence of fatal accidents. It was also noted that cars with ABS less often participate in fatal accidents for the driver and passengers of the car, with which there was a collision, but more often with death for the driver and passengers of the machine with ABS, especially with an accident involving one car. For this reason, there are still disputes about the effectiveness of ABS. Some believe that car drivers with ABS incorrectly carry out braking and let go of the pedal when they feel it ripple. Some believe that if ABS allows you to drive a car during emergency braking, then many in the attack of panic go off the road and smashed. Recent studies show that cars equipped with ABS are less likely to participate in an accident, but this is not yet reason to believe that ABS increases traffic safety.ABS components location scheme
The components of the anti-lock system.Let's connect all parts of the ABS together and see how it works. The figure shows both an example and a close-up arrangement of ABS components in the car.
