Start the software for modeling and display a full-size model for editing in space. Include the communicator and talk not with a flat image of the interlocutor on a video call, but with its bulk projection, through which the favorite carpet is shifted. Move the cloth and see the weather forecast on the window glass, the situation with traffic jams, and in general - as it is there. Make the engine of the car and receive additional alerts about the windshield road markup, possible hazards and other important information.
If before all this was a lot of scientific science fiction, now this has passed from the category of "fiction" in the discharge "near future." About how modern scientists bring the eyelid of holography, where all all began and what difficulties of development holographic technologies are experiencing at the moment, we will try to tell in this post.
How are holographic images
The human eye sees physical objects, since they reflect the light. Building a holographic image is based on this principle - a bundle of reflected light is created, completely identical to that, which would be reflected from the physical object. Man looking at this bundle, sees the same object (even if it looks at him under different angles).Holograms of a higher resolution are static drawings, the "canvas" of which is a photopolymer, and the "brush" is a laser beam, which immediately changes the structure of photopolymer materials. As a result, the photopolymer treated in this way creates holographic image (The light falls on the plane of the hologram, the photopolymer creates its fine interference pattern).
By the way, about the interference itself. It occurs if a number of electromagnetic waves are seized in a certain space, which coincide frequencies, and with a rather high degree. Already in the process of writing a hologram in a particular area, two waves are folded - the first, reference, proceeds directly from the source, the second, object - reflected from the object. Photoplastic with sensitive material is placed in the same area, and it occurs a picture of the darkening bands corresponding to the distribution of electromagnetic energy (interference pattern). Then the plate is illuminated by a wave close by the characteristics to the support, and the plate converts this wave into close to the object.
As a result, it turns out that the observer sees about the same light that would be reflected from the initial entry object.
Brief historical certificate
Sheltered 1947-J. year. India has gained independence from Britain, Argentina provided the voting rights to women, Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov created his famous automatic machine, John Bardin and Walter Brattenetically conduct an experiment, which allowed the world's first acting bipolar transistor, the production of Polaroid cameras begins.And Dennis Gabor gets the first hologram in the world.
In general, Dennis tried to increase the resolution of electronic microscopes of that era, but during aimed at this, the Hologram was received.
Alas, Gabor, like many minds, a little ahead of his time, and he simply had no necessary technologies to get holograms good quality (Without a coherent source of light, it is impossible to do this, and the first laser on the crystal of artificial ruby \u200b\u200bTheodore Meiman will demonstrate only 13 years later).
But after the 1960th (red ruby \u200b\u200blaser with a wavelength of 694 nm, pulse, and helium-neon, 633 nm, continuous) case went to be cheaper.
1962 . Emmett Leit and Juris Feparex, Michigan Institute of Technology. Creating a classic hologram recording scheme. The skipping holograms were recorded - in the process of restoring the hologram, the light was passed through the photoplastic, but some of the light reflected from the plate and also creates an image that can be seen from the opposite side.
1967 . The first holographic portrait is recorded with a ruby \u200b\u200blaser.
1968 . The photo materials themselves are improved, thanks to which Yuri Nikolaevich Denisyuk develops its own recording scheme and receives high-quality holograms (restored the image by reflecting white light). Everything passes quite well, so much that the record diagram is called "Deniceuk's scheme", and holograms - "Holograms of Deniceuk".
1977 . Multiplex hologram of Lloyd Cross, consisting of several dozen angles, each of which can be seen only at one angle.
Pros - the sizes of the object that you want to write are not limited to the wavelength of the laser or the size of the photoplastin. You can create a hologram of the subject that does not exist (that is, simply by drawing a focused item in several angles at once).
Cons - the absence of vertical parallax, consider such a hologram only on the horizontal axis, but not on top or bottom.
1986 . Abraham Sek is aware that there is no limit to excellence, and proposes to create a source of coherent radiation in the near-surface area using X-ray radiation. The spatial resolution in holography always depends on the size of the radiation source and its remoteness from the subject - it made it possible to restore the atoms in the real space that surrounded the emitter.
Now
Today, some prototypes of holographic video shows work in about the same way as modern LCD monitors: a special way dispel the light, forming pseudo-3d, and do not create an interference picture. What is connected and the main minus of this approach - only one person sitting under this picture will be able to normally appreciate the picture right angle to the monitor. All other spectators will not be so impressed.Of course, lovers of science fiction and new technologies are sleeping and see how holographic displays will become the same familiar thing as WiFi at home or the camera in the smartphone, comparable to not the very bad soap. And although the perfect hologram in the understanding of the majority is not really today and not tomorrow, the development on this topic is already actively being conducted.
Institute of Science and Advanced Studies, Korea. The working prototype of a new 3D holographic display, which is about a couple of thousand times better than that of existing analogues.
Weak links such displays - matrix. While the matrix consist of two-dimensional pixels. Koreans used the usual (but good) display with a special modulator for the front of the optical pulse. The result was a high-quality hologram, though small - 1 cubic centimeter.
There was a time when it was believed that light scattering is a serious obstacle to normal recognition of projected objects. But as our practice shows, modern 3D displays can be significantly improved by learning to control this dissipation. Proper dispersion made it possible to increase the viewing angle, and the overall resolution,- Notes Professor Jonken Park.
Griffith University, University of Technology Suinburn, Australia. Golographic display based on graphene.
Scientists armed with the method of Gabor, mentioned at the very beginning of this post, and made a 3D-holographic display of high resolution based on a digital holographic screen consisting of small dots reflecting light.
Pros - an angle overview of 52 degrees. For normal perception, the picture does not need any additional pribluds in the form of 3D glasses and other things.
By the way, about 52 degrees. The viewing angle is the greater the less the pixels will be used. The graphene oxide is processed by photoreduction, which creates a pixel, which can be flexing a color for holocartic.
Developers believe that such an approach will at one time be able to put the beginning of the revolution in the development of displays, especially on mobile devices.
Bristol University, United Kingdom. Ultrasonic holography.
The object is created in the air with a plurality of ultrasound emitters aimed at the cloud of water vapor, which is also created by the system. Implementation, of course, more complicated than in the case of the usual screen, but still.
- fog is created not just water drops, and drops of a special substance.
- this substance is illuminated by a special lamp.
- the lamp modulates special light.
As a result, it turns out the projection of the object, which can not only be considered from all sides, but also touch.
The frequency of oscillations of such an interference pattern is from 0.4 to 500 Hz.
One of the main activities in which the developers suggest useful use Technologies - Medicine. The doctor will be able on the basis of data medapates and the simulated authority to "feel" it. You can also create volumetric projection of any goods on presentations. Positive effect Protect and when replacing such technology sensory displays in places of mass use (electronic menus, terminals, ATMs). How difficult and expensive will be to introduce it - by itself, the second question.
And how many entertainment services of a certain orientation can be reached - scary (but interesting) think.
Vancouver, Canada. Interactive holographic display.
What do you need:
- mobile device
- HDMI or WiFi.
- donate $ 550 at the kickstarter here
The first hologram was obtained by the Hungarian physicist Denesh Gabor in 1947 during the experiments to increase the resolution of electron microscopes. He came up with the word "hologram" itself, wanting to emphasize the full record of the optical properties of the object. Dennes a little ahead of his time: his holograms differed low quality due to use gas-discharge lamps. After the invention in 1960, Ruby-Red and Helium-Neon Lasers, the holography began to actively develop. In 1968, the Soviet scientist Yuri Nikolayevich Denisyuk developed a scheme for writing holograms on transparent photoflaxes and received high-quality holograms. And 11 years later, Lloyd Cross created a multiplex hologram consisting of several dozen angles, each of which can be seen only at one angle. How modern holographic display works - about this in today's release!
The main photo material for writing holograms is special photoflaxes based on traditional silver bromide, allowing to achieve permissive ability of more than 5,000 lines per millimeter. Also used photoflaxes based on bichromed gelatins, which have a greater allowing ability. When using them, up to 90% of the incident light is converted into an image, which allows you to record very bright holograms. Environment based on holographic photopolymer materials are actively developed. This multicomponent mixture of organic substances is applied in the form of a thin film on a glass or film substrate.
As for holographic displays, there are several promising developmentsConsiderable. Red Digital Cinema has been working on a holographic display, which is a liquid crystal panel with a special light conductive plate located under it. It uses diffraction for projecting different images at different viewing angles, which leads to the illusion of a "three-dimensional image". Smartphone Hydrogen with a holographic display should be released in the first half of 2018.
Already exist on the Holovisio brand displays from the Hungrafika Hungarian company. The essence of their technology is to project the picture with two dozens of narrow-controlled projectors, so that the image is declined in the deployment space. The complexity of this technology affects the price: the cost of a 72-inch screen with a resolution of 1280 to 768 pixels is about 500 thousand dollars.
And the union of Japanese scientists has been working on the creation of a laser projection technology AERIAL 3D. They abandoned the traditional flat screen, drawing objects in three-dimensional space using laser rays. Aerial 3D uses the effect of excitation of oxygen and nitrogen atoms with focused laser beams. At the moment, the system is capable of projecting objects consisting of 50,000 points with a frequency of up to 15 frames per second.
The development of Microsoft entitled Vermeer, which is a holographic non-screen display and a video camera that gives the system sensory functions. The display uses the projection technology between two parabolic mirrors. The laser beam draws an image with a frequency of 2880 times per second, consistently passing around 192 points. As a result, the viewer sees a picture in space, upgraded 15 times per second and accessible to contact.
It is possible that in the near future, holographic screens will become more accessible and will receive massive use.
22-inch high resolution touchscreen display
What do you think will develop electronic technologies In the automotive industry? We offer you a look into the future of automotive entertainment systems. Something suggests us that the future has come.
The last few years, car entertainment systems have changed revolutionary. Every year, digital will fully conquer power in the automotive industry. Technologies will develop in geometric progression. Our Internet edition begins to publish a series of articles that will disclose all the most advanced electronic technologies in the automotive industry.
Think how cars changed in 10 years? Today, in almost all new cars there are various information and entertainment. Many automakers began to put on their new items. But so far, many of them cannot boast of their capabilities at the level of smartphone and tablet. What do you think why?
The thing is that while the car can not be compared with the resources of the smartphone and the tablet. But very soon, the automotive computer technician will be able to compete in performance with modern laptops.
Technical characteristics of a car control unit, which is not inferior to modern powerful plates
But the resources of the equipment does not mean that everything will work perfectly, and coordinated. The main thing is software. One of the leaders software Car is QNX, being a BlackBerry subsidiary.
It is worth noting that the company only began to develop in the market of the automotive industry. But it already employs such brands like, and even that use QNX technologies.
Large technologies in small Mercedes
Debit a new information and entertainment systemQNX at the exhibition 2014 Consumer Electronics Show onMercedes CLA 45 AMG
Even with the presence of technology and the opportunity, the company QNX has not yet induced the large number of new innovations. So out recent developments This is a new information and entertainment system installed on. This car has a huge high resolution display, a powerful multi-core processor, an elegant digital panel and a large number of features and applications.
Matte gray CLA 45 AMG causes a thrill in the shower. But really this model surprises inside. At first glance, a 22-inch LCD screen HD quality rushes. Most of the screen is occupied by various applications. On the right displays information about air temperature, clock, navigation audio player.
The touchscreen screen with perfect response. Like on the iPhone. Fingers control on the screen is exactly the same as in the usual modern smartphones. The system also provides the ability to manage many features not only with the screen, but also with the help of traditional buttons. The initial screen is represented by five large buttons, which are pronounced by pressing, offering you to choose further actions.
QNX has developed a large number of applications for many car brands. So the company created three different satellite navigation applications that, when demonstrating, show excellent work without delays and system failures.
All this is managed by a four-rigorous processor and a special graphic chipset, which is not inferior in work. latest models tablets. It is worth noting that this chipset was released this year, unlike where the video card for the LCD monitor was released back in 2012.
Visualization and display quality Display forces to take a new look at car technologies
Even in the 2011 chipset is used, which according to the current standards of obsolescence of computer equipment is already ancient.
Another feature of the multimedia on the big screen in CLA 45 AMG, this is when you enable music, the screen is to share in half into two parts, where data is displayed on the other hand, and on the other hand, a shared list of available audio tracks is displayed.
Communication
Advanced innovative image transmission function from smartphones and tablets on car screen
The car also has new feature MirrorLink, which is rarely found in serial vehicles. This system imitates the display of your gadget (, cell phone or tablet) on the car. This allows you to use all the features of the phone on the car. True, some functions are still disabled to not distract the driver. So to display on displays in the car, games and some other entertainment applications are not available.
Vehicle self-diagnosis system
Another beautiful and necessary function is a diagnostic system, which in a visualized form displays on a large display, which happens under the hood.
This is how the following data is available: the level, coolant, oil level, tire pressure, the amount of fuel and much more. And all this is displayed in very beautiful. Data on all vehicles in real time can be transmitted via the Internet to a remote computer (for example, to the master in the car service).
The instrument panel is also built into the LCD screen, which displays speedometer and other digital data.
QNX specialists did not just update the infotainment system. They created a new generation of digital technologies in the automotive industry. This display in the cabin can display the weather forecast, route, information distributed by the media and much more.
Voice control
New step in speech recognition technologies
Another special element is new system Speech recognition. Like Siri from the system does not need certain voice commands that you must remember. You are just saying, and the system determines what you want. But, unfortunately, while people are not used to talking to their. Therefore, this feature will surely be in demand to simply speed up access, any function when it really needs.
Also, the new QNX system improves the quality of the cellular speakerphone.
Not finished yet
QNX Perhaps very soon to appear on many new cars
This system is on mercedes car CLA 45 AMG was first demonstrated at the 2014 Consumer Electronics Show exhibition. But as long as it is in the final development stage. The main thing is that this technology came to serial cars. After the end of the development, many manufacturers will surely want to equip their such technology.
In our opinion, today this technology can significantly make any serial car very expensive. But in the future, the cost of technology will fall, which means that the mass appearance of the QNX system on many cars is inevitable.
Thanks to a high-quality display, a multi-core processor with a video card, intuitively understood, this technology is doomed to success. This is a huge step forward in the development of information and entertainment technologies.
And most likely that we are now seeing in modern carsAfter a few years it will not look relevant.
Startup with Russian roots Wayray brought a holographic navigator with augmented reality to the exhibition in Las Vegas, which can simply buy in his car. It is installed driving, right on the dashboard, and the driver sees all the infographics through a small visor. Special designations and tips are tied to real objects and look like drawings on asphalt, so the driver is practically not distracted from the road. And you can control the navigator with voice or gestures.
"Another difficulty with which we encountered is a huge variety of dashboard design, windshield geometry, tilt angle, instrument panel geometry, etc. In order for this thing to work in all machines, we had to scan more than 400 cars, Models that are on sale now, and mathematically find optimal sizes. "
The meaning of technology in applying a special film to the transparent surface that replaces the lenses system. Thus, a holographic image was made without a cumbersome design. The hologram, in turn, is good because it is perceived by the eye not as a picture on the glass, but how the volumetric image is expected far ahead. That is, it is not necessary to refocus if you look at the road.
It must be said that the first time we communicated with the ponarometer year ago, there, on CES. And Wayray then made a lot of noise. The company was exhibited in the Harman Pavilion, the idea demonstrated by car from Rinspeed. And then the leaders the largest autoconecerns There was surprisingly many around that car. The fact is that a separate device with a very small visor presented this time. But if you lay Wayray technology at the car design stage, then all windshield can be turned into a holographic display. And such projects, they say, have already done in the past year already quite a lot.
Vitaly Ponomarev, founder and head of Wayray:
"Each project is some kind of car model that will be released in the 19th or most likely in the 20th year. Because they need to fix the design of the Dashboard, this dashboard, the whole car, and then they are already starting to make moldings for casting plastic, so that all this has turned into a finite car. That is, we are now working on cars that will go from the 19th to 29th. All new technologies begin with suite and slowly descend into the mass market. But oddly enough in our case, we see the greatest volumes in the middle segment. This SUV is a parkettail, the popularity that is now growing and grows. "
In the meantime, cars with holographic windows only are preparing for production, Wayray is already looking toward unmanned cars and robotksa. There, they say, you will need no longer a navigator, but the delivery system for glasses of entertainment and promotional content. The company has already announced True AR SDK - a set of tools for third-party developers who can create applications and games under Wayray ecosystem. After all, if a person in the car pick up the steering wheel, he will need to take his hands and eyes.
The world of auto electronics develops rapid pace. Every year new devices appear, designed to increase engine power, optimize the work of the suspension, improve fuel efficiency or people in the cabin.
Some electronic novelties prove the relevance of their presence in the car, after which in a short time they become the standard attribute of the configuration of convergent models from conveyors. Such devices include, wireless communication, cruise control systems, etc. At the same time, there are a whole class of other electronic devices, which for many years after the invention continue to be considered promising. They are subjected to infinite improvements, defend their "place under the sun" with the help of the opinions of authoritative specialists, are even installed on the conveyors of individual brands, but they cannot boast of real national "love". In an automotive environment, such devices are called "autoexotics". The bright representative of the group is the systems for projecting information on lobby glass.
Story Development
The first data projection systems on the windshield appeared in military aviation. Almost simultaneously, the technology of displaying information on the glazing of the cab was applied by Soviet and American aircraft designers in the 70s of the last century. In the USSR, the system received the name of ILS (display on the windshield), in the US - HUD (head-up-display - display for the head raised).
(click to enlarge pictures)
Development pursued the goal of the maximum concentration of the attention of the pilot in the air situation by eliminating the need to raise the view on the instrument testimony. GENERAL MOTORS engineers "spied" the idea and transferred it to the road Niva, the result of which in 1988 was the appearance of the first HUD projector at OldSmobile Cutlass Supreme. Only after 14 years, a similar device appeared on another car GM - prestigious Chevrolet Corvette. In Europe, the pioneer of the application of projection systems has become company BMW.. Works on the extension of the HUD functional today are carried out by Volvo and Audi engineers. The highest activity in the development of a new direction was shown by the Japanese: since 1989 nissan company I started to pick up projection systems separate models on the conveyor. Over time and other Japanese manufacturers recognized the need to equip the HUD car system, so today almost all cars produced by them domestic markethave such an option.
Principle of operation and displayed information
The actuator (or projector) forms an information picture on its screen and transmits it to a transparent film located on the windshield. Officer information The projector can receive from on-board computer, navigator, form yourself according to GPS, etc. Most models have the ability to play voice information or give sound warnings.
(Click to enlarge)
In contrast to aviation systems, where in the field of view the pilot can be derived a large amount of information, the car projectors today have a sufficiently poor set of displayed parameters. These include:
- car speed;
- engine speed;
- coolant temperature;
- number of selected transmission transmission;
- voltage on-board network And the level of charging rechargeable battery;
- reading of the parking control system;
- pictograms control lamps and navigator data.
The relevance of the development. Prospects and problems
Certain innovation and rational grain in the attempts of manufacturers to teach motorists to the simple perception of on-board information from the windshield. The main idea is similar to the one that was solved in aviation: the driver's attention should not be distracted from the road situation, and this actually improves the safety of all road users. System developers try to improve the functionality and capabilities of ILS, promise that soon the image will move through the windshield, following the direction of the driver's side view. To do this, we plan to use portable cameras and lasers. And the livestock computerization of onboard equipment allows you to build enough complex algorithms for the output of a large amount of information, taking into account the needs of a particular driver.But the project system has a serious cons that do not give her until the status standard equipment For each serial model.Such disadvantages include the high cost of the original device, the limitations of the output parameters and the dependence of the image quality from the state of the windshield. Studies conducted in some countries also showed a significant reduction in attentiveness from drivers of senior age groups When information from the projector appears on the windshield. That is, there is a large group of drivers who, due to age conservatism, cannot and do not want to get used to the appearance of any images on the windshield. If you for some reason you do not want or because of circumstances, you cannot overtake your car yourself, contact
