The very first car BMW. History of the company BMW

Full title:	Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Other names:	BMW.
Existence:	1916 - our days
Location:	Germany: Munich
Key figures:	Norbert Righthofer, Chairman of the Board of Directors
Products:	Cars, trucks, buses, engines
The lineup:	BMW M4; BMW X5;

The first world world world is a push to combine efforts and release a larger number of aircraft engines. Military actions demanded a lot of technology and, which emerged in 1917 by the plant, was ready to satisfy these needs. When merging, the company assigned the name "Bayerische Motoren Werke". The first letters amounted to now the most famous automobile brand BMW.

From aircraft motor

With the end of the First World War and the prosperity of the company. According to the Versailles Agreement, the Germans for the whole five years have lost the right to produce engines for aircraft, the power of which exceeded 100 hp.

From bankruptcy firm saved republic. Thanks to the optimism, entrepreneurs managed to pretty quickly and start the release of small motors for motorcyclelines since 1920. Many manufacturers of motorcycles became buyers opposite engines BMW.

Somewhat later, the company began to collect a two-wheeled product entirely. Firstborn - R32 appeared in 1923, the quality of the vehicle can be judged by sales. More than three thousand pieces of R32 was sold by the beginning of 1926 at the power of the motor 8.5 hp The motorcycle could accelerate to 90 km / h or more. Low the center of gravity did it very stable. There were no difficulties in circulation and care. All combined allowed to sell the product at a high price -2.2 thousand imperial brands. Competitors asked for their products much less. But R32 cost such money, because he was an absolute champion in speed and the results of international races have repeatedly confirmed this fact.

Now it is no longer a mystery, then that used to be a big secret: Aviation engines company supplied in the USSR. It can be said that Russian aviation developed on German aircraft workers. At least, most of the countries of the country's councils in air travel was conquered precisely on those aircraft on which BMW engines were installed.

In 1928, the company made two significant acquisitions. First - production area in Eisenach. The second is a permit for the manufacture of small car DIXI cars. It was the little DIXI that became the first car issued by BMW. The machine was very popular in the difficult economic period, since it did not require much costs.

By September 1939, BMW occupied one of the leading places among world manufacturers vehicle. The company focused on the release of sports equipment. For example, the range record was installed on an outdoor aircraft at the flight through the North Atlantic. The high-speed record belongs to the Motorker Ernst Henne who managed to accelerate to 279.5 km / h.

Car - for the driver

The first car with a motor equipped with six cylinders began to be collected in 1933. The models assigned the index "303". A few years later, the legendary "328" appeared. This sports car was destined to become a true celebrity. Its exit formed now the living concept: "The car is for the driver." Absolutely all innovations of the company are designed primarily on the convenience of management and comfort of the driver.

Another equally well-known German firm Mercedes-Benz adheres to the opinion that the car must first meet the needs of passengers. "The car is for passengers" - here are their motto.

Both concepts are relevant, both allow concerns to develop successfully.

As for the BMW 328, it is much ahead of all the pursuers and in the rally, and in ring races, and in competitions to raise the hills. Connoisseurs of sports cars gave her unconditional championship.

The infancy of fate

The new war has not bypassed the BMW factories. Germany again demanded aviation motors. The release of cars was suspended. Despite hostilities, but rather, thanks to them, the firm develops rapidly. It was the first worldwide on the world, as well as starting the test of rocket engines.

A real catastrophe turned out for the concern the end of the war. By that time, his factories were scattered throughout Germany. Those that found themselves in the east of the country were irrevocably lost. The winners were dictated by the Germans their rules and, in particular, banned the release of motors for aircraft and missiles.

It is necessary to pay tribute to persistence and hardworking Otto and Rappa, who have found strength in themselves and began to restore production from scratch.

The very first post-war product of the company is the single-cylinder motorcycle R24. It was not going at the factory, but in the face of a small workshop, since neither production facilities nor equipment from manufacturers were not.

The first post-war car - "501" appeared in 1951. Here friends are calculated. Funds on this model were spent in vain. No profit from the new model they did not receive.

Four years later, motorcycles of models R 50 and R 51 began to be gathering. They opened a completely new generation of two-wheeled vehicles. The distinctive characteristic was that the precursory became all chassis. At the same time, the "Izetta" was appeared. This three-wheeled product presented something strange. No longer a motorcycle (there was a door opening along forward), but also not a car (no fourth wheels), Iette was extremely popular with impoverished Germans.

Passion for powerful engines and the same cars played with the manufacturers of a cruel joke. It was spent on the production of limousines was too much, and the demand for them was not. So the firm again threatened the collapse. Come talk about the sale of the company.

"Mercedes-Benz" announced the purchase of "fellow". But the deal was broken: the owners of BMW shares, its agents and workers resulted in a similar solution to the issue.

Many years of experience in working together helped to cope with the complex situation and for the third time. Climbing the former height allowed the restructuring of finance and a new sports car model - BMW-1500.

New achievements

The last three decades of the last century, the company developed a rapid pace. New capacities were built, the technique was improved. At this time were created:

- "2002-turbo" (for the first time in world practice);
-System protecting brakes from blocking. All modern cars are equipped with a similar system;
-electronic control Engine (for the first time).

At the Competitions of Formula 1 in the 83rd, the pilot wins on the Brabham BMW car. Headquarters moves to a new building in Munich. For testing, a landfill is opened in Ashheim. Building research The institution intended for the development of improved models.

In the 70s, the first cars of the third, fifth, sixth and seventh series appeared.

From the 69th, motorcycles began to produce at the factory located in Berlin. Then motorcycles appeared - "Opposites". The first full-size fairing in the 76th was installed on R100 RS.

The 83th was marked by the fact that the well-known brand was released - K100. Its four-cylinder motor had fuel injection and cooled with liquid. One hundred years since the output of the first motorcycle was noted in the 85th. Then at the Berlin plant collected a record number of motorcycles - more than 37 thousand pcs. The next novelty - K1 was presented at the presentation in the 89th.

In the 90th, Germany reunited, and the concern registered a firm called BMW Rolls-Royce GmbH. In addition, it was decided to engage in the creation of aircraft engines. A year later, the BR-700 motor was ready.

The company significantly strengthened its position when in the 94th bought Rover Group and the largest British complex, which produced the car Land Rover, Rover and Mg. The acquisition cost an amount equal to 2.3 billion Deutsch Marks. New facilities have replenished the model range of the firms with SUVs and supermarital machines. Four years later, the concern acquired another British company. This time, its property became the famous company Rolls-Royce.

Airbag for a passenger in front, all serial bMW cars Stated from the 95th year. And since March of the same year, a third-series wagon (Touring) was launched into the series.

In the last years of the last century, a lot of interesting motorcycles appeared from a technical point of view. Special attention deserves R100RT CLASSIC. This instance is designed for tourism lovers, has luggage boxes and heated steering handles. For tourist trips, another bike of the same family was constructed - R100GS PD. Both models took part in the prestigious world-class rally Paris Dakkar. They were not only participants, there are four victories on their account.

The F650 model uses considerable popularity. From the very beginning of release (1993), it began to compete with Japanese motorcycles of a similar class.

The development of Opposites R1100RS began also in the 93th 20th century. On this model, for the first time the adjustment mechanism was equipped not only by the steps and steering wheel, but also saddle. A year later, two more representatives of a similar model appeared. The first is R1100RT, the second - R850R.

The group of powered global motorcycles includes R1100GS. Tourist K1100RS was the most popular among representatives of motorcycles with four cylinders. He is obliged to the sports fairing with its popularity. Well, the most interesting is a representative K1100LT. The huge fairing of this bike is equipped with an electric drive. He has:

Adjustable windshield;
-Big boxes for baggage;
-System anti-lock brakes.

The modern BMW concern is excellent developed production that has its own representative offices in all parts of the world. BMW does not rely on automation, all assembly processes are performed manually. Each instance is subjected to computer diagnostics.

High-quality, safe and comfortable equipment is in constant demand. Therefore, we grow every year sales, and with them and profit of the company.

However, if you are more to taste cars of Japanese manufacturers, we can advise you with the center of Lexus Ekaterinburg. In this dealership center you can purchase cars from Linek ES, IS, GS, LS, CT and RX, at an affordable price.

In 1913 on the northern outskirts of Munich Karl Rappa and Gustav Otto, the son of the inventor of the internal combustion engine of Nicolaus August Otto, create two small aircraft company. The first World War started immediately brought numerous orders for engines for aircraft. Papes and Otto decide to unite in one aircroof pottery. So in Munich there is a factory of aviation engines, which in July 1917 is registered under the name BAYERISCHE MOTOREN WERKE ("Bavarian motor plants") - BMW. This date is considered to be the year of the founding of BMW, and Karl Rappa and Gustav Otto its creators.

Although the exact date of appearance and the moment of the company's foundation and today is the subject of disputes between car historians. And all because the officially industrial BMW company was registered on July 20, 1917, but long before that, in the same city, Munich existed many firms and associations, also engaged in the development and release of aircraft engines. Therefore, in order to finally see the "roots" of BMW, you must be transferred to the last century, the territory of existing not so long ago is the GDR. It was there that, on December 3, 1886, the involvement of today's BMW to the automotive case was "mounted", and it was there, in the city of Aisenach, from 1928 to 1939. There was a headquarters of the company.

Heinrich Erhardt and "Motorized Wartburg Care"

The third of December 1896 in the city of Aizenach Heinrich Ehrhardt founded a car factory for the needs of the army and, oddly enough, bicycles. Already fifth in the district. And, probably, Erhardt has been released, there would be dark green mountain bikes, ambulance cars and mobile soldiers' cuisines, if he had not seen what success was accompanied by Daimler and Benz with their motocoles.

And it was decided to make something passenger, not military and, of course, other than what had already made competitors. But in order to save time and money, Erhardt bought a license from the French. Paris car was called Dukeville.

So it appeared that today is called BMW. And then this monster was called "Motorized Wartburg Care", and it was not their own development. After a couple of years, in September 1898, Wartburg arrived at the car exhibition in Düsseldorf and took his place in the same row with a daimler, Benz, Opolem and Durkopp.

1917: Rapp Motor Company renamed BMW Bayerische Motoren Werke

One of the local attractions of Aisenach became a reason for the appearance of the name of the first car ("Vartburg"), who saw the light in 1898 after the creation of a number of 3- and 4-wheeled prototypes. "Wartburg" - the perventers were the most that neither there is a slavery wagon equipped with a 0.5-liter engine capacity of 3.5 hp There were no hints for the presence of anterior and rear suspension. Such a maximally simplified design has become a good stimulus for more progressive work of local engineers and designers who have already created a car that has been accepted by up to 60 km / h. Moreover, in 1902, "Vartburg" appeared with a 3.1-liter engine and a 5-speed gearbox, which was enough to win the race in Frankfurt in the same year.

A very important point in the history of the BMW company and the plant in Aisenach was 1904, when cars called "Dixy" were put on the Frankfurt Motor Show, testifying to the good development of the enterprise and the new production level. In total there were two models - "S6" and "S12", the numbers in the designation of which indicated the number of horsepower. (By the way, the model "S12" was not shot from production until 1925.)

1919: Franz Xeno Dimer (center) with his record plane

Max Fritz was invited to the position of chief designer in Bayerische Motoren Werke, who worked at the Daimler plant. Under the leadership of Fritz, the Aviation Engine BMW IIIa was manufactured, which in September 1917 successfully passed bench tests. The aircraft equipped with this motor at the end of the year has established a world record, rising by 9760 m.

At the same time, the BMW emblem appeared - the circle, separated into two blue and two white sectors, which was a stylized image of a propeller, rotating against the sky. Recovered and the fact that blue and white - National Color Label Bavaria.

After the end of World War I, the company was on the threshold of collapse, since, according to the Versailles Agreement, the Germans were forbidden to produce engines for aircraft, namely the engines at the time were the only BMW products. But enterprising Karl Rappa and Gustav Otto find a way out of the situation - the plant is replicated to release at first motorcycle engines, and then the motorcycle themselves. BMW's first motorcycle R32 comes from the BMW plant. At the 1923 motorcycle in Paris, this first BMW motorcycle immediately gained a reputation as a speed and reliable machine, which was confirmed by absolute speed records on international motorcycle racing of the 20s-30s.

1923: First BMW Motorcycles

In the early 20s, two influential businessmen appeared in the history of BMW - Gotier and Shapiro, to which the company has fallen into the abyss of debt and losses. The main reason for the crisis was undeveloped automotive productionAlong with which the company, by the way, was engaged in the release of aircraft engines. And since the latter, unlike cars, brought the main part of the means for existence and development, BMW was in the wrong position. "Medicine" came up with Shapiro, which was on a short foot with the English automotiveman Herbert Ostin and was able to negotiate with him about the beginning of the mass production of Ostinov in Aisenach. Moreover, the release of these machines was put on the conveyor than by the time, except BMW, only "Daimler-Benz" could boast.

1928 Austin 7.

The first 100 licensed "oestins", who used incredible success in Britain, went off the conveyor in Germany with the right steering wheel, which was for the Germans to the novelty. Later, the machine design was changed according to local requirements, and the machines were produced under the name "Dixie". By 1928, more than 15,000 "Dixy" were manufactured (read - "Ostinov"), which played a decisive role in the revival of BMW. For the first time, it became noticeable in 1925, when Shapiro became interested in the possibility of producing cars of his own design and began to negotiate with the famous designer and designer by Wuinibald Kamm. As a result, the agreement was achieved, and another talented person turned out to be involved in the development of now known automotive brand. For several years, Camm has been engaged in the development of new nodes and aggregates for BMW.

1929: The first BMW car: BMW 3/15 PS.

In the meantime, a positive for BMW was aware of the approval of the company trademark. In 1928, the company acquires auto plants in Aisenach (Thuringia), and with them and a license for the production of a small car DIXI. On November 16, 1928, Dixie ceased to exist as a trademark - it was replaced by "BMW". DIXI is the first BMW car. During the period of economic difficulties, the small car becomes the most popular car in Europe.

As of April 1, 1932, the premiere of the first "real" "BMW" was scheduled, which later earned the recognition of the automotive press and became the starting point for the release of the machine of his own design. This car with a well-thought-out body obtained from the side and well-thought-out body was combined with new ideas and developments with already well known and used on Dixie models. The power of the motor was 20 hp, which were enough to ride at a speed of 80 km / h. A four-stage gearbox has been a very successful development that has not been offered anymore on any model until 1934.

By the beginning of World War II, BMW is one of the most dynamically developing firms in the world, producing equipment with sports orientation. In its assets, several world records: WolfGAng von Grona on the open hydrosapol DORNIER WAL, equipped with a BMW engine, crosses the North Atlantic from East to West, Ernst Henne on the R12 motorcycle, equipped with a cardan drive, hydraulic shock absorbers and a telescopic fork (BMW invention), establishes world Motorcycle speed record - 279.5 km / h, not exceeded by anyone over the next 14 years.

Production receives an additional impetus after concluding a secret agreement with Soviet Russia on the supply of new aircraft engines. Most of the Soviet record flights of the 30s were performed on aircraft equipped with BMW engines.

1933: Beginning of the tradition of six-cylinder engines BMW: BMW 303.

In 1933, the release of the model "303" - the first car of the BMW 6-cylinder engine, debuting on the Berlin automotive exhibition. His appearance has become a real sensation. This inline "six" with a working volume of 1.2 liters allowed the machine to move at a speed of 90 km / h and became the basis for many subsequent sports projects BMW. Moreover, it was applied to the new model "303", which became the first in the history of the company, on which the grille was installed with a branded design, which was set in the presence of two elongated ovals. The "303th" model was designed at the plant in Eisenach and was primarily a tubular frame, an independent front suspension and good controllability, reminding sports.

"BMW-303" was perfect for actively built in Germany "Autobahn". Immediately after the presentation, it was performed on the territory of the entire country, and in this promotion the car has established itself only with a good side. People were ready to pay for this car installed by the manufacturer. Moreover, the provided fans of BMW chose the "303-U" model with a sports double body Roadster.

For two years, the production of "BMW-303" managed to sell 2,300 such cars, which, by the way, later followed by their "counterparts", distinguished by more powerful motors and other digital notation: "309" and "315". Actually, they became the first samples for the logical development of the BMW Company Model Design System. On the example of these machines, we note that the figure "3" indicated the series, and 0.9 and 1.5 - the operating volume of the engines. The symbol system that appeared then successfully exists to this day, with the only difference that it has been replenished with such numbers as "520", "524", "635", "740", "850", etc.

"BMW-315" was far from the last in a series of externally similar cars, as the most bright and notable among them became "BMW-319" and "BMW-329", relating to sports car. The maximum speed of the first, for example, was 130 km / h.

Along with all previous cars, the model "326" appeared gorgeously, which appeared at the Berlin automotive exhibition in 1936. This four-door car was far from the world of sports, and its rounded design was already then belonged to the direction that came into force in the 50s. Open up, good quality, chic salon and a large number of new changes and additions set the "326th" model in one row with Mercedes-Benz cars, whose buyers were very secured people.

With a mass of 1125 kg, the BMW-326 model accelerated to 115 km / h and at the same time consumed 12.5 liters of fuel per 100 km of mileage. With similar characteristics and with its appearance, the car hit the list best models Companies have been produced until 1941, when the volume of production BMW amounted to almost 16,000 pieces. With such a number of BMW-326 issued and sold, the best pre-war model has become the best.

By logic, after such a loud success of the "326th" model, the following logical step was to be the appearance of a sports model made on its base.

1938: BMW 328 dominates races.

1940: Again the victory in Mille Miglia: BMW 328.

In 1936, the famous "328" is produced on BMW - one of the most successful sports cars. With its appearance, the ideology of BMW was finally formed, to this day, the defining concept of new models: "Car - for the driver." The main competitor, "Mercedes-Benz" should be a principle: "Car - for passengers." Since then, each company goes its own way, proving that it is its choice.

The winner of the great set of competitions - ring races, rally, competitions in lifting on the hill, - BMW 328 was addressed to the connoisseurs of a sports car and left far behind all serial sports cars. Two-door, double, a truly sporty "BMW-328" was equipped with a six-cylinder engine and accelerated to 150 km / h. This model allowed the firm to take part in many pre-war racing and conquer recognition in the new capacity. With the "328th" model, the BMW company became so famous in the second half of the 30s, that all subsequent cars with a branded two-color sign were perceived by the public as a symbol of high quality, reliability and beauty.

The war began to suspend the car. Priority is again given to aircraft engines.

1943: Arado 234 aircraft is one of the first aircraft equipped with a BMW 003 reactive engine.

In 1944 BMW first in the world begins jet Engine BMW 109-003. Tests of rocket engines are also conducted. The end of World War II became a catastrophe for the concern. Four plants found in the eastern occupation zone are destroyed and dismantled.

The head plant in Munich is dismantled by the British. In connection with production during the war of air traffic and missiles, winners make an order for prohibiting production for three years

The Second World War inflicted great damage to the automotive manufacturers of Germany, and the BMW company did not exception. The plant in Milbertshophen was bombed by the submission, and the enterprise in Eisenach was in the territory controlled by the USSR. Therefore, equipment from there was partially exported to Russia as repatriations, and what remained was involved for the release of "BMW-321" and "BMW-340" models, which were also sent to the USSR.

The only more or less "suitable for life" remained two factory in the city of Munich, around which shareholders and focused their main efforts. By the way, I had to support the German National Bank: Thanks to her, the company returned to life the concept of the sports car "BMW-328" and in the period from 1948 to 1953. I released several new sports models on its basis.

The company was not in the best position, but in 1951 introduced the prototype of the future BMW-501 car, which was distinguished by a large four-door body sedan, drum brakes and a 65-strong engine, which had a working volume of 1971 cc. The novelty was perceived by bicon - with interest and with surprise. The second, most likely, was caused by the fact that the company even financially could not provide the mass release of the "501th" model, and in connection with which only 49 cars were collected in 1952. By 1954, production reached 3410 copies that were bought only by real and secured adherents of the BMW brand.

But that is the most amazing, so this is the idea that at that time he matured in the minds of designers and designers BMW. They conceived to release a luxurious model.

In the same postwar years, the BMW company thought about the lack of necessary motors. This was especially evident after the existence of weak and netyagovityh engines beginning to affect the sales of cars. As a result, designers developed long-term project Upon the release of a new eight-cylinder power unit. The first samples appeared in 1954 and had a volume of 2.6 liters and power of 95 hp, increased to 100 hp. in the 60s.

Simultaneously with the installation of eight-cylinder on the "BMW-501", the appearance of the car changed a bit: the side chromed moldings, added the car of elegance, appeared. Equipped with a new engine "501-me" could be overwhelmed to 160 km / h. Naturally, the fuel consumption of the car with an eight-cylinder engine was significantly different from the pre-war indicators, but this was worried about the management of the BMW company the least.

Isetta: a link between motorcycles and cars. They were built more than 200,000.

In 1955, the release of models R 50 and R 51 begins, opening a new generation of motorcycles with a fully tighted chassis, incoming the "Isetta", a strange symbiosis of a motorcycle with the machine. The three-wheeled car with a door opening forward on the move, had a huge success in the refinement of post-war Germany. At the Frankfurt Motor Show in 1955, she became the absolute opposite of models at that time. The tiny "BMW isetta" reminded its appearance bubble with small traditional parchment and side mirrors. The rear inter-track distance was much smaller than the front. The model was equipped with a single-cylinder engine of 0.3 liters. With power 13 hp "Iretta" as much as possible accelerated to 80 km / h.

Along with the baby "Ietta", the BMW company presented two luxurious coupe "503" and "507", created on the basis of the sedan of the 5th series.

1956: Today is a rare collective car: BMW 507.
Both cars treated at that time to "sufficient sports", although they had a "civilian" appearance. For example, the maximum speed "507th" varied somewhere in the interval between 190 and 210 km / h. A similar result was achieved thanks to a 3,2-liter motor with a compression ratio of 7.8: 1, maximum power 150 hp at 5000 rpm and 237 nm at 4000 rpm. On all wheels there were drum brakes with a servo drive, and the average fuel consumption per 100 km was 17 liters.

But because of the continued limousines that followed by large limousines and the losses associated with these losses turns out to be on the verge of collapse. This is the only case in all bMW historyWhen the economic situation was incorrectly calculated and the cars thrown into the market did not have demand.

The models belonged to the 5th series did not improve the BMW position in the 50s. On the contrary, they began to increase their debts rapidly, sales decreased. To correct this situation, the Bank that assists BMW and who was one of the largest shareholders of Daimler-Benz, proposed to establish the production of a small and not very expensive car Mercedes-Benz at the plants in Munich. Thretening the existence of BMW as an independent company, which produces original cars with its own name and trademark. Against this proposal was actively made by small shareholders of BMW and dealer offices throughout Germany. Common efforts Annal amount of money was collected, which was required to develop and start the release of a new model "BMW" of the middle class, which should significantly improve the company's position in the 60s.

Rebuilding the capital structure, BMW manage to continue its activities. The third time the company starts all over again. The middle class car was supposed to be family machine For "average" (and not only) the Germans. As the most suitable option, a small four-door body sedan, a 1.5-liter motor and independent front and rear suspensions, which at that time were not at that time were not in all machines.

To launch a car into production by 1961 and at the same time to present it on the Frankfurt motor show it was almost impossible: it's simply lacked time. Therefore, under pressure from the sales department urgently, several prototypes were prepared for the exhibition designed to attract future customers. The rate was made and mostly justified. During the work of the exhibition and in the next few weeks, it was done ... about 20,000 orders for "BMW-1500"! Try to imagine the situation in which the company turned out to be released for 1962 only 2000 cars! In general, the production of the model "1500" for all the time of its existence on the conveyor was 23.000 copies. It was the beginning of the rise to the top of the automotive industry.

In the midst of production of the model "1500", minor engineering firms began to refine the car and increase the power of the motor, which, naturally, could not like the BMW management. The response was the release of the model "1800" with a 1.8-liter engine. Moreover, the version of the "1800 Ti" appeared a little later, which corresponded to the Gran Tourismo class cars and accelerated to 186 km / h. Externally, it was not very different from the basic version, but, nevertheless, became a worthy addition to the already replenished families.

"BMW 1800 Ti", although it was released in an amount of only 200 copies, was still an extremely popular model. By 1966, on the basis of the car, designers created a decent follower - "BMW-2000", which is perceived today as a 3rd series of a 3rd series, released to this time in several generations. At the same time, a coupe with a 2-liter engine and 100-120 hidden under the hood "horses" was the subject of particular pride of BMW.

In essence, the BMW-2000 in the basic and other versions refers to one of the most successful models in the entire history of the BMW company. It takes a lot of time to count the number of body variants that have appeared then and with different maximum speeds. All together they have formed a series that received the designation "02". Its representatives could satisfy the demands of almost all car enthusiasts who were offered to choose from the simplest and modest coupe to "trimmed" high-speed convertibles with cast discs, boxes - "automata" and motors of 170 "horses".

The world's first mass production car with a turbo video: BMW 2002 Turbo.

The last thirty years has become for BMW with thirty-seater victories. New plants are opened, the world's first serial turbogo-model "2002-turbo" is produced, an anti-lock brake system is created, which now all the leading automakers are equipped with their cars. The first electronic engine control is being developed. Almost all those who brought the automaker, four-cylinder engines were installed so much the popularity of the models of the 60s. However, the management of BMW still remembered the powerful and reliable units, to revive the release of which intended for 1968 simultaneously with the release of a new model - "BMW-2500". The single-row "six-cylinder" used in it, which was constantly subjected to modernization, was produced over the next 14 years and managed to become the basis for the same reliable and more powerful 2,8-liter motor. Together with the last four-door sedan switched to a number of sports cars, because Only a few serial vehicles in standard equipment could exceed a high-speed mark of 200 km / h.

BMW headquarters near the Olympic Center in Munich.

The building of the concern headquarters is being built in Munich, and the first test test site opens in Ashheim. Research center has been built to design new models. In the 1970s, the first cars of the famous BMW series - models of the 3rd series, 5th series, 6th series, 7th series appear.

After the production of the model "2500" and its main followers, the next significant event was the appearance of the 6th series, the first representative of which in 1978 was a luxurious "635 CSI" coupe. Its 3.5-liter engine has become a new symbol of technical perfection and even began to be installed on the 5th series machines. Five, equipped with such an engine (power 218 hp), received the designation "M", confirmed by the exclusivity and sports of the car. And truly this motor showed himself to the 5th series of the second generation, at the so-called. Transitional models that seen the light in 1983.

In the year of German reunion, the concern, founding the company BMW Rolls-Royce GmbH, returns to its roots fleeing the Niva aircraft industry, and in 1991 presents a new BR-700 aircorder. In the early 1990s, sports appear on the market compact cars The third generation of the 3rd series and coupe of the 8th series.

1989: New coupe BMW 850i.
A good step for the company was the purchase in 1994 for 2.3 billion German brands of the industrial group Rover Group (Rover Group), and with it and the largest car in the UK complex for the production of cars Rover, Land Rover and Mg. With the purchase of this company, the BMW list has been replenished with the missing supermarital cars and SUVs. In 1998, the British company Rolls Royce was acquired.

Factory BMW.
Among last models Motorcycles of the 90s should be highlighted with a tourist motorcycle R100RT CLASSIC, equipped with luggage coofers and heated steering wheel. Another model from this family R100GS PD is also designed for tourists. These motorcycles won four victories in the International Rally Paris - Dakar. The popular model was F650, issued in 1993. In addition, it turned out to be quite competitive compared to japanese analogues. In 1993, BMW starts developing new "opposites" R1100RS. (This motorcycle was performed for the first time the height of not only the steering wheel and the footnight, but also the saddle), R1100GS (one of the most powerful motorcycles in the world). In 1994, identical models R850R and R1100RT were issued. The most popular BMW's 4-cylinder motorcycle was the model K1100RS -Turist motorcycle with a sports type fairing. But the most representative and equipped motorcycle is a model K1100LT, equipped with a huge detergent with an electric drive, a windshield adjustment, large luggage boxes and anti-lock brake system.

From 1995 year, the BMW plant in Spartanburg (USA) begins to produce BMW Z3.

In general, the end of the nineties became incredibly productive for BMW. New "Pyats", "Seven", an indisputable success of Z3, all this did not give opportunities even for a small break.

All of these machines and motors have one general: they prove that BMW serial engines are built so solid, so much calculated on the power in them and differ in such balancedness already in their basic concept, which are withstanding any load on any highways.

The beginning of 1999 was marked by the debut of the BMW X5, which was the world's first sports car for outdoor activities: a unique way combining elegance and practicality, thereby opening a new mobility measurement.

And one more first place: BMW Z8, a great sports car, celebrated his premiere in 1999 and admired the fans of James Bond in the film "And the whole world of little."

In 1999 company BMW. Also presented a surprise car business enthusiasts at the Frankfurt Motor Show, providing a futuristic concept of Z9 Gran Turismo.

Currently, the BMW, which began with a small aircraft plant, produces its products at five plants in Germany and twenty two subsidiaries scattered around the world. This is one of the few automotive firms that does not use robots at plants. All assembly on the conveyor is only manually. At the output - only computer diagnostics of the main parameters of the car.

Over the past 30 years, only BMW and Toyota concerns manage to work with annually increasing profits. The Empire BMW, three times for his story, rendered on the verge of collapse, rose every time and achieved success. For everyone in the world, BMW concern is a synonym for high standards in the field of automotive comfort, security, equipment and quality.

sources

http://www.bmw-mania.ru.

http://www.bmwgtn.ru.

http://bikepost.ru.

We have already studied a large number of histories of automotive brands, you can find them in Tag "Auto", and I remind you from the last: and The original article is on the site Inforos Link to an article with which this copy is made -

Approximately thirty years ago, the famous American manager Lee Yakokka said that by the beginning of the XXI century, only a few players will remain on the world automotive market. The ex-president of Chrysler and Ford Thrust seen the trend of the further development of the auto industry, so it is not surprising that its predictions are confirmed.

The largest world autocontracers and alliances

At first glance, it may seem that there are many independent automakers in the world, but in fact most autocompany are included in various groups and alliances.

Thus, whether Yakokka looked like in the water, and today there really remained only a few automakers who share the entire world car market among themselves.

What brands belong to Ford

Interestingly, the companies that he headed - Chrysler and Ford are the leaders of the American car industry, during the economic crisis suffered the most serious losses. And in so serious redirects they did not have ever before. Chrysler and General Motors became bankrupt, and Ford saved only a miracle. But for this miracle, the company had to pay a too expensive price, because as a result of Ford lost his premium subdivision Premiere Automotive Group, which included Land Rover, Volvo and Jaguar. Moreover, Ford has lost Aston Martin. - British supercar manufacturer, Mazda's shares controlling stake and liquidated Mercury brand. And today, only two brands remained from a huge empire - Lincoln and actually Ford himself.

What brands belong to Avtocontracena General Motors

General Motors suffered no less serious losses. The American company lost Saturn, Hummer, Saab, but its bankruptcy still did not prevent the Opel and Daewoo brands. Today, as part of General Motors, brands such as Vauxhall, Holden, GMC, Chevrolet, Cadillac and Buick. In addition, Americans belong to the Russian joint venture GM-AvtoVAZ, which releases Chevrolet Niva.

Autocontracene Fiat and Chrysler

And the American concern Chrysler now acts as a strategic partner of Fiat, who gathered under his wing brands like Ram, Dodge, Jeep, Chrysler, Lancia, Maserati, Ferrari and Alfa Romeo.

In Europe, things are somewhat different than in the United States. Here, the crisis also made their own adjustments, but the position of the monsters of the European auto industry has not been shaken.

What brands belong to the Volkswagen Group concern

Volkswagen still accumulates brands. After the purchase of Porsche in 2009, the Volkswagen Group grows nine brands - Seat, Skoda, Lamborghini, Bugatti, Bentley, Porsche, Audi, SCANIA truck manufacturer and VW itself. There is information that SUZUKI will soon be in this list, 20 percent of whose shares are already owned by Volkswagen Group.

Brands that belong to the concern Daimler AG and BMW Group

As for the other two "Germans" - BMW and Daimler AG, they cannot boast such an abundance of brands. Under the wing of Daimler AG, the SMART, Maybach and Mercedes stamps are labeled, and the BMW history has MINI and Rolls-Royce.

Automotive Alliance Renault and Nissan

Among the world's largest automakers, it is impossible not to mention the Renault-Nissan Alliance, owning such brands like Samsung, Infiniti, Nissan, Dacia and Renault. In addition, Renault is the owner of 25 percent of AvtoVAZ shares, so Lada is also not independent of the French-Japanese alliance.

Another major French automaker is the PSA concern - belong to Peugeot and Citroen.

Japanese autoconecern Toyota

And among the Japanese automakers, boast the "collection" of brands can except Toyota, which belongs to Subaru, Daihatsu, Scion and Lexus. Also as part of Toyota Motor, the HINO truck manufacturer is listed.

Who belongs to Honda

Honda has more modest achievements. In addition to the motorcycle office and the ACURA brand, the Japanese has nothing more.

Successful Handai-Kia

Over the past years, the Hyundai-Kia alliance is successfully breaking into the list of world car industry leaders. Today he produces cars only under brands Kia. And Hyundai, but Koreans have already seriously engaged in creating a premium brand, which can get the name Genesis.

Among the acquisitions and fighters of recent years should be mentioned under the wing of the Chinese Geely Mark. Volvo, as well as the purchase of English premium brands Land Rover and Jaguar by the Indian company TATA. And the smaller case is the purchase of a famous Swedish brand Saab tiny manufacturer of Spyker supercars from Holland.

Once a powerful British auto industry ordered a long time to live. All famous British car manufacturers have long lost independence. Their example followed small English firms that have passed to foreign owners. In particular, the legendary Lotus today owns Proton (Malaysia), and the Chinese SAIC bought MG. By the way, the same SAIC before it was sold by Korean SsangYong Motor Indian Mahindra & Mahindra.

All these strategic partnerships, alliances, associations and absorption once again proved whether Yakokki is the right point. Solid firms in modern world Survive is no longer able to survive. Yes, there are exceptions, like Japanese Mitsuoka, English Morgan or Malaysian Proton. But these companies are independent only in the sense that nothing depends on them an even account.

And in order to have annual sales, calculated by hundreds of thousands of cars, not to mention millions, without a strong "rear" can not do. In the Renault-Nissan Alliance, partners are supported by each other, and in the Volkswagen Group, the mutual execution is provided by the number of brands.

As for such companies as Mitsubishi and Mazda, there are still great difficulties in the future. While Mitsubishi can get the help of PSA partners, then Mazda will have to survive alone, which in the modern world is becoming more difficult every day ...

BMW, Bayeris Motor Verke, (BMW, Bayerisch Motoren Werke AG), German automobile company specializing in the production of passenger and sports cars, cars increased passibility and motorcycles. Headquarters is located in Munich.

In 1923, the first motorcycle R32 comes from the BMW plant. At the 1923 motorcycle in Paris, this first BMW motorcycle immediately gained a reputation as a speed and reliable machine, which was confirmed by absolute speed records on international motorcycle racing of the 20s-30s.

At the same time, the engine "Motor-4" is developed, the final assembly of which is made in other European countries. In 1919, Franz Dimer on an airplane with this engine, rising to a height of 9760 meters, sets the first World BMW record. Production receives an additional impetus after concluding a secret agreement with Soviet Russia on the supply of new aircraft engines. Most of the Soviet record flights of the 30s were performed on aircraft equipped with BMW engines.

In 1928, the company acquires auto plants in Eisenach (Thuringia), and with them and a license for the production of a small car DIXI (it was a licensed English Austin 7). Its production begins with 1929. DIXI is the first BMW car. During the period of economic difficulties, the small car becomes the most popular car in Europe. By the beginning of World War II, BMW is one of the most dynamically developing firms in the world, producing equipment with sports orientation. In its assets, several world records: WolfGAng von Grona on the open hydrosapol DORNIER WAL, equipped with a BMW engine, crosses the North Atlantic from East to West, Ernst Henne on the R12 motorcycle, equipped with a cardan drive, hydraulic shock absorbers and a telescopic fork (BMW invention), establishes world Motorcycle speed record - 279.5 km / h, not exceeded by anyone over the next 14 years.

In 1933, the release of the model "303" is the first BMW car with a 6-cylinder engine. It is this model that the characteristic grille of the radiator becomes the first. The people called "nostrils" BMW. These nostrils have become a typical element of the design of all BMW cars.

In 1936, the famous "328" is produced on BMW - one of the most successful sports cars. For that time, these were simply avant-garde technical innovations: tubular frame, six-cylinder engine with a block of light alloys, a new valve mechanism system with rods. With the 328 model, BMW became so glorified in the second half of the 30s. that all subsequent cars with a company two-color sign were perceived by the public as a symbol of high quality, reliability and beauty. With its appearance, the ideology of BMW was finally formed, to this day, the defining concept of new models: "Car - for the driver." The main competitor, "Mercedes-Benz" should be a principle: "Car - for passengers." Since then, each company goes its own way, proving that it is its choice.

1938 - BMW acquires a license for PRATT - Whitney engines. Then the model 132 is being developed, which is installed on the famous Junkers Y52. In the same year, the fastest pre-war model of a motorcycle, with a capacity of 60 hp and the maximum speed of 210 km / h. In 1939, the German racer Georg Mayer becomes European champion on this motorcycle. And for the first time, a foreigner on a foreign motorcycle wins British races "Senior Tourist Trophy".

The war began to suspend the car. Priority is again given to aircraft engines.

In 1944, BMW first in the world begins the release of the BMW 109-003 jet engine. Tests of rocket engines are also conducted. The end of World War II became a catastrophe for the concern. Four plants found in the eastern occupation zone are destroyed and dismantled. The head plant in Munich is dismantled by the British. In connection with the production during the war of air traffic and missiles, winners make an order for the prohibition of production for three years.

And Karl Rappa and Gustav Otto, who did not change their love for engines, decide to start everything from scratch again. The 1-cylinder R24 \u200b\u200bmotorcycle is being developed, which collected in workshops practically treasurely. It becomes the first post-war BMW product. In 1951, the first post-war passenger car model "501" appears. However, he does not bring financial success.

In 1955, the release of models R 50 and R 51 begins, opening a new generation of motorcycles with a fully tighted chassis, incoming the "Isetta", a strange symbiosis of a motorcycle with the machine. The three-wheeled car with a door opening forward on the move, had a huge success in the refinement of post-war Germany. But because of the continued limousines that followed by large limousines and the losses associated with these losses turns out to be on the verge of collapse. This is the only case in the history of BMW, when the economic situation was incorrectly calculated and the cars thrown into the market did not have demand. The question arises about the sale of the company. "Mercedes-Benz" hurried to declare her purchase, but this was prevented by small shareholders, employees of the company, its trading agents.

Rebuilding the capital structure, BMW manage to continue its activities. The third time the company starts all over again.

1956 - Designer Albrecht Graph Gerstz, living in New York, creates a sensational car - sports handsome man. "BMW beat even Italians." - So wrote newspapers in 1956, when this car was presented. BMW 507 was offered as a roadster, and with a rigid roof. Eight Cylinder Aluminum Engine 3.2 liter with a capacity of 150 hp I accelerate the car up to 220 km per hour. Total cars from 1956 to 1959 were sold 252 pieces. Today it is one of the rarest and expensive collectible cars.

1959 - with the help of a new BMW 700 model with air system Cooling The concern was able to overcome the internal crisis and create the basis for the further success of the brand as a whole. Success was achieved not only in the sphere of sales. The version of the coupe gave the possibility of BMW to seek sports victories.

In 1962, the concept of model 1500 is easy. Compact. Sports. The four-door car was accepted on the market with such delight. That production facilities did not allow to satisfy the demand for these cars.

In 1966, a two-door car 1600-2 was presented for the first time. He served as the basis for creating a successful series of models from 1502 to 2002 with turbocharging. The successes of the "new class" contributed to the development of the entire model range. The BMW concern was able to afford to revive the tradition of the 30s and start the release of six-cylinder models. In 1968, a premiere of models of 2500 and 2800 took place. Which allowed BMW to enter the number of enterprises. producing large sedans. In this way. The 60s became the most successful in the entire previous history of the enterprise.

In 1969, BMW translates the production of motorcycles to Berlin. The release of a new series of motorcycle-"Opposites" begins. In 1976, a full-size fairing is installed on the R100 RS motorcycle. In 1983, one of the most popular motorcycle models - K100 with a 4-cylinder row engine with liquid cooling and fuel injection. In the year of the century of the motorcycle, in 1985, the plant in Berlin produces more than 37 thousand motorcycles. In 1989 there is a presentation of a motorcycle K 1.

In the 1970s, the first cars of the famous BMW series - models of the 3rd series, 5th series, 6th series, 7th series appear. With the release of the 5th series, the production of a fundamentally new generation of BMW models began. If earlier the concern held predominantly niche of sports type cars, now he took his place in the segment of comfortable sedans. Coupe 3.0 csl. Which since 1973 wins six European championships. Allows BMW to achieve special success. This coupe hid a lot of technical innovations. It was for the first time a six-cylinder BMW engine with four valves per cylinder. And its braking system was equipped with an ABS - perfect novelty for those times.

In 1977, a new breakthrough in the Lux class. With the advent of the 7th series, the fundamental update of all BMW series was over.

Since 1986, BMW M3 has the most successful car for highway-ring races in the world. The compact two-door model was parallel to both serial production and motor racing. The result was for BMW just triumphal. In 1987, Italian Roberto Ravelo wins first place at the World Championships in the Highway and Ring Racing. And over the next five years, BMW M3 dominated the sports scene.

In 1987, a new roadster, which initially conceived simply as an experimental model, continued the tradition of the Rhodster of the BMW 30s and 50s. BMW Z1 was built in 8,000 copies and became a carrier of ultra-modern technologies. The aerodynamics of this car was also on the sample level. In 1987, BMW concern is one of the first in the world to apply an electronic engine power control system.

In 1990, a new coupe of a dream: BMW 850i. The heart of this elegant coupe of the class "Suite" was the twelve-cylinder engine, which could literally shoot a car forward with any revolutions. Brand new integral rear axle Completely uniquely combined sports qualities and the highest comfort.

In the year of German reunion, the concern, founding the company BMW Rolls-Royce GmbH, returns to its roots fleeing the Niva aircraft industry, and in 1991 presents a new BR-700 aircorder. In the early 1990s, sports compact cars of the third generation of the 3rd series and coupe of the 8th series appear on the market.

A good step for the company was the purchase in 1994 for 2.3 billion German brands of the industrial group Rover Group (Rover Group), and with it and the largest car in the UK complex for the production of cars Rover, Land Rover and Mg. With the purchase of this company, the BMW list has been replenished with the missing supermarital cars and SUVs.

Since 1995, the serial configuration of all BMW cars includes an inflatable airbag for the front passenger and the anti-theft engine blocking system. In March of the same year, a station wagon (Touring) of the 3rd series is launched. A new car was distinguished not only by modern design, but also the most advanced technique. For example, for the first time in the automotive industry, the running part was almost entirely made of aluminum.

Also 1995 - the debut of the new 5th BMW series. The main principle in its development is to create a harmonious concept. The new car was distinguished not only by modern design, but also the most advanced technique: For the first time in the automotive, the running part was made almost entirely made of aluminum. The use of new materials made it possible to increase the degree of car disposal to 85 percent. Exceptionally rigid body provides an unrivaled level of passive safety.

In 1996, the BMW Z3 7-series model is first equipped with a diesel engine. The unique synthesis of dynamic and classical design is just a delightful concept. Additional advertising car creates a film "Golden Eye", in which the superageent 007 James Bond travels on Z3. BMW Z3 became a bestseller. The new plant in Spartanburg does not have time to perform all orders.

In 1997, a motorcycle, which cannot leave indifferent - model R 1200 s, is a completely new interpretation of the road motorcycle. Sensational design that combined traditional and futuristic elements. He got the biggest from ever created BMW's opposite engines. Its working volume is 1170 cm. And the developed power of 61 hp In the same year, BMW represents another car-dream. We are talking about the roadster M, which like no other is the true embodiment of a purebred open sports car.

In 1997, BMW presented a dream car that made bouncing the hearts of the experts. Roger M embodied the ideal of a purebred sports car, oddly as a single BMW before. Its 321-strong M3 engine guarantees exciting ride.

In the spring of 1998, the fifth generation of successful sedans 3 series was debuted. Recycled in a variety of details, the new 3 series offers not only an exceptional appearance, but also the most modern engines, the latest suspension technologies and best-in-class security standards.

And one more first place: BMW Z8, a great sports car, celebrated his premiere in 1999 and admired the fans of James Bond in the film "And the whole world of little."

In 1999, BMW also presented a surprise car business enthusiasts at the Frankfurt Motor Show, providing a futuristic concept of Z9 Gran Turismo.

And a year later, the motorized carriage of Erhardt won the main car racing of that time - Dresden - Berlin and Aachen - Bonn. Golden Dubl helped Wartburg in his entire career win twenty-two medals, including one for an elegant design.

The life of Wartburg was cut in 1903: exorbitant debts, decline in production. Erhardt collects his shareholders and pronounces the speech that the Latin word Dixi ("I said everything!"). So ended their speeches, however, not so tragic, the ancient Roman speakers.

However, help came unexpectedly - by one of the shareholders of Erhardt. Jacob Shapiro's exchange speculator very much did not want to part with the so-faced motorized carriage. Shapiro, at that time, had enough opportunities to control the English factory in Birmingham, producing Austin-7 (Austin Seven). This miracle of the British car industry has enjoyed great popularity in London and its surroundings. And Shapiro, without thinking, while he managed to calculate all possible benefits, buys a license for Austin from the British.

Now the fact that the beginning of going from the conveyor in Eisenach was adolen to DIXI. According to the latest Gerra Erhardt. True, the first batch of cars and left the people with the right steering wheel. It was the first and last case when a passenger was sitting on the left side in continental Europe. Shpiro speculator, notice to notice, did not lose.

From 1904 to 1929, the revived factory Erhardt released and sold 15 822 DIXI. However, it's time to do own car. Still, she did not give rest to the awareness of the fact that behind the back of the Birmingham. And in 1927, the plant Heinrich Erhardt, already an integral part of the BMW, began to release his own DIXI - DIXI 3/15 PS.

For the year more than nine thousand cars were sold. The most implanted, according to the standards of that time, the DIXI cost three thousand two hundred reichsmarocks. But he accelerates to seventy five kilometers per hour.

And then in the history of BMW, Karl Friedrich Rapp (Karl Friedrich Rapp), who dreamed of heaven and aircraft engines. Rappa founded a small company and began working somewhere on the northern outskirts of Munich. His goal is not cars. His goal is airplanes. He had a desire, and enthusiasm, but unfortunately, and not supported by luck.

In 1912, at the first imperial exhibition of aviation achievements, Karl Rappa presented his biplane with a ninety-power engine. However, his plane could not take off.

Regarding the failure as temporary, RAPP planned to the next (two years later) the exhibition another biplane with a hundred-twenty-five "horses" engine. But in 1914, the First World War began instead of imperial show.

Plus, this for Rappa in general was - war brought orders for aviation engines. Here are just the Motors of Rappa were incredibly noisy and suffered from strong vibration, and therefore, due to the complaints of local residents, the authorities of Prussia and Bavaria banned flights of aircraft with rappov engines over their territory. Cases went worse. Even despite the fact that the enterprise Rappa was very loud name.

In the seventh of March 1916, his company was registered under the name "Bavarian Aviation Plants" (BFW). And then a new character comes to the scene - the Vienna Banker Camillo Castiglioni (Camillo Castiglioni). He redeems the share of Rappa in the company and, thereby, it brings the capitalization then another BFW to almost one and a half million brands.

But it did not save the rape from the reputation of the loser and bankrupt. But saved his company. From the last strength she was able to hold out before the arrival of another Austrian - Franz Josef Popp (Franz Josef Popp).

PPP, retired lieutenant of the Austro-Hungarian marine infantry with senior engineering education, was an expert at the imperial ministry of defense and was engaged in keeping track of all the latest technical achievements. But at that time he was most interested power plants 224V12, produced in Munich. Here he arrived in 1916, so that from scratch to start the case of his life.

The first thing that made PPP did, I took the work of Max Fritz (Max FRIZ). Brilliant, as it turned out, the engineer was dismissed from Daimler for the requirement to increase the salary to fifty grades per month. That would not fight the old man Daimler, and, perhaps, BMW could have a completely different fate.

Regarding Fritz Rappa took a hard position. And when the former engineer Daimler still went to work, Rappa resigned. But even after his departure, the company had a reputation of the semi-precious, who failed to achieve anything to reach the firm. And PPP decides to rename the brainchild of Rappa.

On July 21, 1917, a historical record is made in the Munich Registration Chamber: "Bavarian Rappa Aviation Plants" are from now on "Bavarian motor plants" (Bayerische Motoren Werke). BMW took place. And the main products "Bavarian motor plants"- still aviation engines.

Until the end of the world's first world, and Kaiser had hopefully at least a draw. Did not come out. Moreover, according to the Versailles Agreement, the winner is forbidden the production of aircraft engines in Germany. However, the fourth French-yosef PPP, in spite of any prohibitions, continues to invent and embody new engines.

On June 9, 1919, Pilot Franz Xeno Dimer (Franz Zeno Diemer), after eighty-seven minutes of flight, scored at an unprecedented led height - 9760 meters. On his DFW C4 stood the engine BMW fourth series. But no one fixed the world record of height. Germany, according to the same Versailles Agreement, was not among the countries - members of the International Device Federation of Aeronautics

Nearby Poppoon once almost saved Rappa Castiloni bankers. In the spring of 1922, he buys for the BMW the last surviving factory of aircraft engines. From now on, the "Bavarian Motor Plants" appears another direction.

In addition to engines for airplanes, Munich are building the production of absolutely small-calm - two-cylinder engines, the volume of everything is 494 cubic meters. See and a year later, small engines were justified - in 1923, first on Berlin, and then at the Paris Automobile Exhibitions, the first BMW motorcycle - R-32 - becomes the main sensation.

After another six years, BMW is finally determined with its further fate: motorcycles, cars and aircraft engines. Two years, as the company produces its own DIXI. This is a completely restyling model, brought by the poppie itself until the German taste is fully satisfying.

In the same twenty-nine BMW Dixi wins the International Alpine Race. Max Bachner, Albert Candt (Albert Kandt) and Wagner Wagner (Wagner) rushed to victory at an average speed of 42 km / h. So quickly and so long at such a speed could not go any car.

In 1930, BMW issues the next hit of the season. Popp with comrades suddenly decide to go back already thirty four years ago and call the new car by Wartburg.

The shadow of the motorized stroller of the last century again gained real outlines, embodied in DA-3. With omitted windshield Vartburg accelerates almost up to 100 km / h. He became the first BMW car, grabbed a compliment from the Motor Und Sport magazine. Quote: "Wartburg can only have a very good driver. Bad driver is not fit of this car. " The name of the author is still unknown, but what they say will beat off all the hunt for self-criticism.

In 1932, DIXI became history. Ended a license for the production of Austin. Five years ago Popp, probably, well, if he was not upset, it would begin to search for the pathways ... or exit.

But at that time in BMW thought only about the future. And the future is the Berlin Motor Show. Here, the BMW 303 applause is the very first "Trejka". She had the smallest ever-made six-cylinder engine at the hood under the hood. See manufacturers guaranteed a speed of 100 km / h. But only if the client can find the right street.

Whether the first test drive 303, alas, is unknown. And one more, no less important than speed. "Three hundred third" for long sixty-nine years determined the appearance of BMW - the fascinating smoothness of lines, not yet predatory, but already with a hint appearance and nostrils with a white-blue propeller.

Then there was 326 cabriolet. She became hit by the thirty-sixth year and adequately completed the parade of the first "foot". From 1936 to 1941, BMW 326 won almost sixteen thousand hearts. And this is the best indicator of the company in its entire history.

In the middle of the thirties, BMW finally explains to competitors, and to their customers: if the name of the company is the word "motor", then it is the best engine today. Final doubts, and they probably were, Ernst Henne disperses (Ernst Henne) in 1936.

In the race on Nürburgring among the 2-liter cars, the small white roadster BMW 328 comes first, leaving behind large cars with compressor engines. The average speed of the circle is 101.5 km / h. Well, the turbocharged engines do not like in Munich. Rather, love, but not very active.

After a year and a half, all the same Ernst Henne, only already on a five-windows motorcycle, establishes a new world record. He accelerates a two-wheeled monster to 279.5 km / h. All questions are filmed at least for fourteen years.

Before the beginning of the Second World BMW, I tried to participate in the limousine race. Refusal to themselves with Opel Admiral or Ford V-8, Maybach SV 38 Finally, it was simply impossible. Especially since in a small, but such an attractive niche, there were still free spaces.

And on December 17, 1939, BMW introduced a new 335 in Berlin in two options - a convertible and coupe. And experts, and the public, assessing the created, blessed limousine for a long life.

Alas, 335 stretched less than a year. The war forced BMW to switch, mainly on the production of aircraft engines. Moreover, the German authorities banned selling cars to individuals. However, Munich at the very beginning of the Second World War still managed to put a point in the dispute for the best engine and a car, they were equipped with.

In April, the forty roadster of the BMW-328, behind the wheel of which was sitting, in turn, Baron Fritz Haschke Von Hanstein and Walter Baumer (Walter B? Umer), won a thousand-dimensional Mille Miglia. Their 166.7 km / h still allowed competitors to finish the race. And very comfortable. That's just a few later official finishes.

In any case, it was the day before that the Second World War was formed, and acts to this day, the principle of BMW: always fresh, aggressive and sports and forever young. Cars for people who, at first glance, may look relaxed, but, in fact, achieved a lot in this life. Therefore, relaxed.

"One people, one Reich, one Führer ... one chassis!" - This powerful propaganda campaign of the Third Reich was addressed automobile Plants Germany. I do not want, and you are not entitled to condemn those who worked on the war on the other side. The accusations are good and timely, if they are made on the eve of events.

Whatever it was, the rear service of the German General Staff demanded from the auto industry of ordinary military car Trey species. The development of the easiest option was assigned to the "Stüwn", "Khanomagu" and BMW. Moreover, all three plants were strictly forbidden at least somehow signify the car belonging to a particular company.

BMW has begun to create a participant in military roads later than all, in April 1937. And by the summer of fortieth "Bavarian motor plants" provided the armies of more than three thousand light units of equipment. She walked under the name BMW 325 Lichter Einheits-PKW, but without his already famous nostrils and white-blue propeller.

How nor cynically sounds, but the products of Munich factories enjoyed the very biggest in the army. Even though they did not have the necessary combat qualities produced for the war. Under the insane idea of \u200b\u200bBlitzkrig, the 325th was absolutely not suitable. The stock of fuel was enough for two hundred forty kilometers.

And yet, for the current BMW fans, it is necessary to say the following: All BMW are sharpened under the war were removed long before the winter of 1942.

The defeat of Germany in the war almost equally meant and the destruction of BMW. Enterprises in Milbertshofen Allies of the USSR turned into ruins, and the plants in Aisenach were under control Soviet army. And then according to plan: equipment - what survived - taken to Russia. Repatriation. The winners decided how to dispose of the catch. But the remaining equipment tried to restore, in order to establish the release of cars. In general, it was possible. However, BMW collected directly from the conveyor went to Moscow. Therefore, the surviving shareholders of the Bavarian Motor Plants focused all efforts, financial and human, around two, relatively suitable for the production of enterprises in Munich.

And yet the first official post-war production of BMW has become a motorcycle. In March 1948 on Geneva exhibition The public was introduced by 250-cubic R-24. By the end of next year, almost ten thousand of these motorcycles were sold.

Then it was time R-51, a little later - R-67, and then he struck the hour of six hundred record sports R-68 with a maximum speed of 160 km / h. "68th" became the fastest machine of his time. By 1954, almost thirty thousand people could boast a BMW motorcycle.

However, such an insane popularity of two-wheeled monsters played with their creators a keen joke. Motorcycle, whatever he was, even with a branded propeller on the tank, remained the most affordable means of movement for the poor. And by the mid-fifties, people with money had already dreamed out loud about the position of the sedan worthy of their position.

The first attempt of BMW go to meet the wishing to turn the financial collapse. Although at the premiere in Frankfurt, the BMW 501 was met with delight. Even rejected with its project for the "501th" Pinin Farina (Pinin Farina) rated the work done by the Designer Bavarian Bureau. It would seem, that's what it is necessary. However, the most expensive was directly produced by BMW 501.

Only one front wing demanded three, or even four technical operations. And all this, oddly enough, was done in order to compile the competition "220-MU" Mercedes.

The fifties generally became not the most successful for BMW. Debts rapidly grew, and also rapidly sold sales. Neither 507, nor 503, were not justified. These cars, in principle, were intended for the American market. However, the answer is because of the ocean in Munich and waited.

Neither new developments have not helped, no competent advertising campaigns. As, for example, with BMW 502 Cabriolet. In order to push this car to the market, marketers decided on frank flattery to women.

The harsh male world 502 was not intended. Advertising prospectuses began in words: "Good afternoon, Madame! There are only twenty-two thousand brands, and by any man will not be able to pass without turning. You will catch their loved views, carelessly putting your hand on the steering wheel of the ivory color. "

In 502, everything was done for gentle female hands. Even soft folding top. Fold it or deployed no difficulty. This fact in BMW was especially emphasized. And, of course, the woman who bought 502 did not care that she had a 2.6-liter engine under the hood and a hundred horsepower. The main thing, the BECKER Grand-Prix magnetol quietly guards his beloved Glenna Miller with his in The Mood. Two years BMW tried to extract her gorgeous brainchild. But new orders never came.

In 1954, Munich fell into another extreme - in the smallest. On the roads of Germany, BMW Isetta 250 appeared or, as producers, motocups called it. In the people, this was something received the name "Egg on wheels." Under the so-called hood stood engine from the R-25 motorcycle. All this was drawn exactly twelve "horses". Most likely, Pony.

Two years later, BMW, impressive by the unexpected popularity of a three-wheel chamber, demolished another "egg" - Isetta 300. Well, this was already almost a car. And the engine volume is 298 cubic meters. See - this is not two hundred forty-five you. Another one came to the twelve "coneashashka". New.

Whatever it was, but Irett sold out almost one hundred and thirty-seven thousand. Especially they loved in England. The laws allowed the owners of the "eggs" to manage them, having only the right to a motorcycle. After all, the wheel is one.

In the winter of 1959, a financial crisis broke out in Germany. Those fifteen million brands that the Bremen King of the Forest Industry Herman Krags (Herman Krags) were in the company (Herman Krags) were simply pleasant memories.

BMW Board of Directors, I want to believe, with acute pain in the heart makes a decision to merge with Mercedes. However, there were enough shareholders against this against this and, oddly enough, official dealers of the company. They were able to do so that the chief holder of BMW shares Herbert Quandt bought them most of them. The rest received compensation, but I still saved the company.

The new Board of Directors makes a decision to which the company followed the following few dozen years, "we produce middle-class cars and aviation engines."

After three years, it was also in winter, but now she was like a pleasant time of the year, from the conveyor went to the people of BMW 1500. This car has become a new class among four-wheeled and, most importantly, turned away Germans from American middle-class cars.

1500 with "Tabun" at eighty "horses" accelerated to 150 km / h. A hundred newly gained in 16.8 seconds. And it automatically made it a sports car. The demand for him was phenomenal. The plant collected fifty cars per day. After a year, almost 24 thousand BMW 1500 were worn on the autobahn.

Junior, but a more powerful "brother" was born in 1968. Merry Christmas BMW 2500 has acquired the first owners. Such were more than two and a half thousand. Although nine years of production, 95,000 cars were drunk at all corners of the Federal Republic of Germany. One hundred fifty "horses", if there were only two passengers in the car, accelerated BMW 2500 to 190 km / h. In the same year, a slightly upgraded 2500 won a 24-hour race in the spa.

In 1972, after a long random, BMW returned to the "five". From now on, all cars produced by Bavarians had a serial number depending on the class. The BMW 520 1972 of the release has become the first post-war "five".

But what was strange. The new Bavarian averages was put in motion not six-, but a four-cylinder engine. It took five years so that all the other "fives" received a six-cylinder implant. Naturally, 115 horses were not enough for weight in 1275 kg. However, 520 took others: clients were offered both a manual box and automatic. The dashboard was highlighted in non-launch orange light. Moreover, the car was equipped with seat belts. So in a year 45,000 people honestly frankly frankly, before you live thirteen rapid seconds to hundreds.

All in the same 1972th on BMW create a paradise for engineers and mechanics lined in car sport. BMW Motosport begins a triumphal procession. And again we repeat the banal: "If ..." So, if at that moment Lamborghini did not turn under the financial crisis, BMW would use the services of Italians. But the Bavarians reacted instantly.

And in 1978, the "Project M1" or E26 project was presented at the Paris Automobile Exhibition to the world - for internal use. Designed the first EMCA Giorgio Guigiaro. Therefore, there is a good feeling that it's kind of like Ferrari, but something is missing. Let it be. But with three and a half liters, 277 "horses" were removed (455 - racing option), and until hundreds of car accelerated in six seconds.

And then Bernie Ecclestone (BMW EcClstone) and BMW Motosport Jochen Neerpach (Jochen Neerpach) agreed on the M1, on Saturdays, before the start of the Grand Prix of Europe, Procar test races. They participated in the first five places on the lattice.

While the athletes enjoyed M1, they did not forget about simple buyers on BMW. Launched in 1975, the first new "Trejcs" with motors 1.6 and 2 liters had to taste. And after three years, Munich produce BMW 323i, which has become the leader of its class and its time.

Injector six-cylinder engine allowed the car to develop the maximum speed of 196 km / h. The first hundred 323 has hounded in nine seconds. However, among the classmates "Trej" turned out to be the most "voracious": 14 liters per hundred kilometers. And after 420 kilometers, 323 Ponuro stopped, but Mercedes and Alfa Romeo ... And anyway, from 1975 to 1983, BMW 316, 320 and 323 delivered pleasure to their behavior of almost 1.5 million people.

In 1977, it was time for the seventh BMW series. They were equipped with four types of engines with a capacity of 170 to 218 "horses". Two years "Seven" regularly found their buyers. And here in 1979, Mercedes-Benz introduced his new S-class.

From Munich answered immediately. The volume of 2.8 liters. And "Tabun" from 184 purebred "horses", tightened under a white and blue propeller, pissed by nostrils. New 728 instantly pulled away buyers from Stuttgart district of Germany. In principle, to peck on what. A semi-trial car drove at a speed of 200 km / h. And it was worth all this pleasure somewhat cheaper than Mercedes.

"Do not look for yourself some extraordinary car. Just determine what you need in this life. " The advertising appeal is addressed to those who first saw the BMW 635 CSI. The body of E24 rapidly broke into the car world in 1982. After the fans of the "sixth" series have already managed to enjoy 628 and 630.

At BMW realized: people buying sports coupeMake it in order to engage in automotive discrimination on the roads. 635 Wrapped the most recent technical achievements. For example, electronics that allowed using a manual box to reduce the engine speed up to 1000 rp. And in a year over 635, the sorcerers from BMW Motosport were worked, bringing the power of the engine to 286 "horses". Mode "Gas to Paul" brought M6 to rabies, and in thirty seconds EMCA went to point 200 km / h. Ten seconds faster than "five hundred" Mercedes. But it was not all.

In 1983, the first F1 championship was held for turbocharged cars. And who would doubt that the first champion will be Renault, the first mastered this technology for the first formula.

In South Africa, in the town of Klyas, Alain is simple (Alain Prost) has already seen himself with lured champagne. However, the Branham BMW car, for the helm of which was a brazilian Nelson Peak (Nelson Piquet), covered Renault with a white-blue propeller and nine letters: BMW M Power.

At the peak of power, the engine M 12/13 issued 1280 "horses" at 11,000 rpm. BMW, for the first time in the history of motor contest, became the most first F1 world champions among turbocharged champions. And what is the most discerning for the French, no one was surprised at this victory.

And this race in 1990 began Mercedes. Stuttgartians launched in a series of 190 with a 2,5-liter sixteenth glovenant engine. Munich did not hesitate with the answer. Therefore, in the peak of 190, the BMW Motosport rolled out the M3 Sport Evolution. That is the most famous M3 in the E30 body.

The "Emki" could choose the type of suspension itself, depending on the road conditions. You choose Sport, and the car is brazardized into the track. Plus Normal and Comfort.

Up to hundreds of Munich Evo ego eats for 6.3 seconds, and after another twenty "EMCA" rushed at a speed of 200. But that most of all bribed the true fans of the speed, deprived of racing cars, so these are three-point safety belts of red. They say a little annoyed the opposite buzzer, when Emka gained its maximum speed - 248 km / h.

For three years before the release of M3 EVO BMW returned to the idea of \u200b\u200bhis own rhodster. He was called Z1 and submitted to the public at the Frankfurt automotive exhibition. It cost this toy 80,000 stamps. But long before the start of official sales, the dealers had already been placed five thousand orders for Z. And the last letter of the Latin alphabet, which was called the car, means in Germany a neatly curved wheel axis. The biggest minus Rhodster BMW was a small trunk. The biggest advantage - 170 "horses" and 225 km / h in addition.

In 1989, BMW finally entered the Occupied Luxury Mercedesterritation. From the conveyor gave the 8th series. Under the hood 850i stood borrowed at the 750 twelve-cylinder engine with a capacity of 300 "horses" (in 1992 it was returning to 380).

However, the six-speed manual box turned out to be less popular than the "automatic". "850 -U", unlike other speed models, did not supply the electronic speed limiter to 250 km / h. This was the maximum speed.

By this time, almost a year, as the most famous "five," still, in spite of the E34, is still due to the most different continents, including Russia. But, knowing the cunning of BMW, they were waiting for something from the "Wow, you!". And waited.

At first, in April 1989, three hundredth-like M5 appeared. But in 1992 it was finally waited. M5 E34 appeared, "charged" 380 horsepower. Until hundreds of "Emchka" shot six and a half seconds. How much she squeezed the most, so no one ever learned. Almost immediately another EMCA came out, performed by Touring.

And this car, American journalists called the "COUNTRY CAR". And in order not to disappoint your fans, he underwent the most "insignificant" changes. Its engine with a capacity of 286 "horses", which he received in 1992 was dispersed to 321 in 1995.

All this consumed only 12 liters of gasoline per hundred kilometers, while accelerating to hundreds for five and a half seconds. But M3 in the body of E36 for some reason was not considered a sports car.

In 1996, it was time to update the "seven". Technically perfect BMW 740i in the body E38 changed the "fellow" from E32. Everything has changed. Appearance. Attitude to the owner. No, the friendly muzzle of the new "seven" will not name. But it is for counter.

The elastic, 4.4 liter volume, the eight-cylinder engine was maximally spinned at 3900 rpm and allowed to go to the point for six and a half seconds. That's just the focus "sat down, yes I went" from "740th" did not pass. The "Seven" operating manual was different from the instructions for behavior in the space shuttle quite a little bit. BMW book was a fond.

Two boxes were offered to choose from. And in the manual version added the sixth lowering. She stifled the engine, reducing it to the impulse of seventeen percent. As a result, the consumption of only 12.5 liters per hundred kilometers. Specialists in assessing 740 were unanimous: points over "I" are placed.

In the same year, they waited for its update and "fives". E39 broke into the car world. Seven engine options for every taste. And for unhurried, and for those who quickly, well, for the most irretended BMW, the "540-yu" ripped out. The eight-cylinder, the volume of 4.4 liters, the engine allowed to accelerate the "thirty-ninth" only up to 250 km / h. Bosch again intervened with his electronic limiter. Everything in this car was made in order for the pilot to feel safe at any speed and comfortably.

In general, the end of the nineties became incredibly productive for BMW. New "Pyats", "Seven", an indisputable success of Z3, all this did not give opportunities even for a small break.

The new brainchild BMW Motosport - M Roadster - saw the light in 1997. Just a need to improve everything was invested in Z3. Here you m, besides the roadster. Try-ka to tame 321 "Horse"! And keep in mind, Emka is easier than Z one hundred and twenty kilograms and, it means, it is accelerated for 5.4 seconds.

"Errors are steps on the staircase leading to success," the Chris Bangle summed up after the new generation of "Trechek" was released. They were spent on their development BMW more than two and a half million human-hours. 2400 a wide variety of details were completely redone. All this new "Trejska" sterpel and in 1998 appeared before the public in all its glory.

The most powerful modification - 328 - dial a hundred kilometers in less than seven seconds. "Phenomenal power and incredible clutch with an expensive" is all about her.

In 1997, on the Frankfurt automotive exhibition, the people trampled around the BMW stand in obvious bewilderment. Z3 Coupe causes an unpredictable reaction.

"You either accept it, or forgive," Bangle responded. And really, how to treat the car, which looks like a roadster in front? And behind as a new "Trejka-Touring"?

Z3 Coupe equipped with only two types of engines: 2.8 liters, 192 horses with a 321-strong M-engine. They say, from a second look at the Munich Runner in him in love forever.

"Wolf in sheep skins" - as described the first M5 in the 39th body. In general, they are right. Moreover, the first photos of Emca were made in the Blue Chair. Watch it: Well, yes, four pipes. Well, the mirrors are others. But the fog drawings are very oval. But this is when you do not know what the letter M is with a five right.

M5 is 400 "horses", which accelerate a four-door sedan to one hundred only five whole and three tenths. Faster only aircraft or sportsbike, at worst. One problem - M5 has its regular customers since 1985, and only a thousand people per year can afford to "tame Munich Wolf."

In 1999, the BMW plant in Spartanburg, South Carolina, USA again fired. And although the X5 is made in America, this is a completely German car. The second attempt to conquer the new light market has succeeded. And the breakthrough of Munichs in a niche of the so-called parquet SUVs was so rapidly that only a few months after the premiere, the competitors realized that X5 was presented in the heart of the American Auto industry - in Detroit. In the ranks passed confusion and whisper: "BMW made a jeep!"

The then market leader, Mercedes ML, prepared for the worst. And it was from what. "Bavarian" was a success. Anti-Personal System, Dynamic Stability Control Sensors and other Baemwash Hightekt Development of Recent years have not disappointed fans of speed and comfort. In addition, X5 showed himself from the best side and off-road. Plus ten airbags. In general, nothing to worry about.

On the X5 installed not only as well as a familiar eight-cylinder engine. It was also offered to a six-cylinder, and diesel with direct fuel injection.

Finally, a quote from the German magazine AUTOMTOR UND SPORT: "This car flies one circle on Nürburgring in less than nine minutes." Faster only Z7. In 2000, one turn around the famous Z7 highway arrived faster.

In 2002, the BMW Group concern has achieved a record number of sales - 1,057,000 cars, and also became the winner of the "car of the year in Russia" contest. In 2003, the most luxurious model of the BMW 7 series - BMW 760i and 760Li, a new BMW 5-series sedan appeared.

BMW is one of the few automotive firms that does not use robots at plants. All assembly on the conveyor is only manually. At the output - only computer diagnostics of the main parameters of the car.

The concern is the founder of the international award in the field of avant-garde music Musica Viva, supports theatrical festivals and innovative exhibitions. The desire for a creative combination of art and technology is brighter than all embodies in a unique collection of BMW art cart.

The Empire BMW, three times for his story, rendered on the verge of collapse, rose every time and achieved success. For everyone in the world, BMW concern is a synonym for high standards in the field of automotive comfort, security, equipment and quality.

Many manufacturers offer compact hatchbacks as the most inexpensive model. BMW, of course, knew about the preferences of the inhabitants of small European cities to compact hatchbacks. From more or less suitable for these parameters, the company could only offer a third-series coupe, which with a creak climbed into the frame of the middle class, not to mention some kind of availability of the car. The basic version of the designed first series was supposed to be twice as cheaper by a third-series coupe, but it remains to remain a quick luxury car.

It so happened: in 2004, BMW 116i with the engine, respectively, the volume of 1.6 liters and 115 horsepower in the kit started in Germany from a mark of 20 thousand euros. Modestly, but not cheap. The cost of the three-liter 130i, burning with fervor 265 "horses" approached more than the price of the 5th series, not to mention the extreme tuning versions with heavy duty engines. Some studio offer even version with 8-cylinder engines. Success in the release of the first compact hatchback was defined on the BMW side.

The increased demand for luxury sports cars pushed the Bavarian concern to the revival of the legendary sixth series. The rising noise about what exactly the next historical model of BMW will immediately wash, when there were 3.0 and 4.5-liter engines inside the impressive sizes of the coupe. Those who did not understand - showed a five-liter V10, which makes 507 horsepower in themselves. That was already M6.