Euro certificate 3. - this is a number of standards that regulate the permissible content of harmful substances in exhaust gases in cars with gasoline or diesel engines. Euro 3 certificate replaced the previous Euro certificate 2. The appropriate decree was taken in the European Union in 1999. It began to act this standard since 2000 and provided for more stringent requirements for car exhaust. The toxicity of the exhaust is now evaluated in the engine warming mode. In the previous EURO standard, the exhaust was checked after heating the motor over 40 degrees. The new version of the Standard provides for checking the exhaust, starting with minus 7 degrees. According to Euro 3, such indicators of harmful substances will be allowed to the atmosphere for vehicles with gasoline and diesel engines:
CO - can not exceed 20 g / kW h,
CH - can not exceed 1.1 g / kW h,
NO - can not exceed 7 g / kW.
Standard 3 extends to all cars imported into the European Union or other vehicles. And also on those cars that are manufactured in its territory. After adopting the Euro Standard 3, Euro 2 certificate owners were to receive Euro Certificate 3. To do this, it was possible to convert the car by modifying the output system and the engine control system.
It is worth noting that with such a modification, the engine power decreased, so some refinement in cars were required. According to experts, the catalyst is mainly responsible for the level of toxicity, which can effectively work only when heated. Many automakers have shifted it closer to the graduation collector. Another development option is the production of the collector with the layer of thermal insulation. Car production has been improved with the adoption of environmental standards. Everyone new standard Required from producers to reduce harmful substances in car exhaust. Surrounding systems have been developed direct injection Fuel, as well as exhaust gas recirculation systems.
In Russia, the Euro 3 standard was adopted in 2008 and replaced the previous standard of Euro 2. According to clause 14 of the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 609 dated October 12, 2005, the technical regulations about harmful substances and automotive emissions are provided for from January 1, 2008 to introduce an ecological class of cars from January 1, 2008 Complying with the EURO 3. Resolution provides for the import and production of cars having environmental Standard no less Euro 3. But from 2010 in the territory Russian Federation The standard of Euro 4 began to operate and now it is forbidden to import cars below this class. Those. Euro 3 is an invalid standard in Russia. Rostechregulation in conjunction with the Central Research Automobile Institute, which is considered the leading scientific organization on the automotive industry in Russia, has developed a special table on the order of the Ministry of Industry and Communist Party and the Federal Customs Service).
According to these developments, it is possible to determine the compliance of the car with the ecological class of Euro 3. This table indicates when and in which country the standard of euro standards was introduced 3. On those cars that are not in the correspondence table of the Ministry of Industry customs can not get PTS (passport vehicle), the presence of which is mandatory for movement on the roads of the Russian Federation. Arrange the certificate of Euro 4 can be in the certification body that received accreditation of Rostechregulation. To obtain such a certificate, you must submit a package of documents, including:
- technical documentation for the car, namely the brand of auto, body number, engine, etc., Vin;
- passports of the owner of the vehicle;
- a document confirming the correspondence of Euro 4. Such documents may be foreign PTS, an expert opinion, TUV certificate and others. If the car was released until 1997, you should provide a certificate about the conversion of the car.
According to the legislation, from January 1, 2011, gasoline and diesel fuel Must complies with the Euro Standard 3. Early Introduction This Standard was planned in 2009. However, many oil companies were not ready to produce gasoline and diesel fuel, which would correspond to environmental standards of the euro class 3.
It can be rightfully considered one of the pride of their manufacturer - Zavolzhsky OJSC motor Plant.». High quality These motors are confirmed by years of operation, and often in fairly harsh conditions. 4-cylinder, row injector engines ZMZ-405 appeared on the market in 2000. The main consumer was OAO GAZ. These engines were equipped with GAZ-3111 cars. Subsequently, the force aggregate was repeatedly improved.
So, after conducting comprehensive adaptation work, which were started in 2009, one of the modifications of 405 families - the engine ZMZ-40524.10 - began to recruit cars Fiat. Ducato. In modern conditions, the devices of 405 series are equipped as carsand minibuses and light trucks.
Design
Engine of the "Volga factory" is a four-stroke automobile power unit with a row position of cylinders and pistons. Fuel supply to the inlet channels of cylinders and ignition is controlled electronic system. The engine is equipped with an external fuel and air mixture system. Return-translational movement of the pistons is converted into rotational through one common for all pistons crankshaft. Two distributive shaft with upper arrangement. Closed-type cooling system, liquid with coercive cooler circulation. 405th engine lubrication system - combined. Lubricating materials are fed to moving parts under pressure by sprinkling.
Cylinder block and crankshaft
The upgraded block of the 405th engine is made of high-strength cast iron, which, in combination with the use of high-precision methods of metal processing during its manufacture, it has significantly reduced the deformation of cylinders during operation. In the old sample unit, slots were provided in 2 mm between the cylinders for the cooling system. For the ZMZ-405 engine block, such slots are not provided. In addition, threaded wells were increased under the cylinder head fastening bolts.
The crankshaft is structurally identical but cast from high quality and more durable cast iron. The design is full of two counterweights for each crank. Improvements made it possible to improve resistance to centrifugal forces and bending moments.
Engine features
A carburetor ZMZ-406 was used as the engine base. The 405th became a refined injection derivative. Modern enhanced ZMZ-405 engines fully comply with the established EURO-3 standards. They are installed on Cars of Marks Gazelle, UAZ and Fiat. The manufacturer developed and implemented several innovative design solutions.
Thus, the ZMZ-405 unit was facilitated by 1.3 kilograms due to the complete dismantling of the system idle move From block head. Engine management is carried out using electronic choke. That is how it allowed to abandon some of the components: the throttle pipe, the idling regulator, the air nozzle of the idling, the valve position sensor.
The block of cylinders has retained its original properties after a mass decline. Moreover, the stiffness of the block was increased. Castings between the cylinders were eliminated by innovative transverse slots provided in the cooling system.
Improving GBC.
Engineers manufacturing enterprise The thermal insulation of the ZMZ-405 was improved. For a more reliable tightness of the cylinder block instead of the reinforced gasket of the head of the cylinder block from a single-layer blessing material, two-layer metallic was used. Material update and application new constructive elementsIn particular, zigzag spring parts, provided the best sealing of the gas joint and the lubrication system channels, and also made it possible to improve the cooling process. The thickness of the new design layer is reduced three times with a relatively original soft gasket with a metal edging and is only 0.5 millimeters. This made it possible to minimize the need to perform a tightening of bolts in comparison with the previous details, which, in turn, makes it possible to reduce the deformation of cylinders during operation.
In the engines of the 405th series "Euro-3" for auxiliary aggregates Used extended drive belt And self-adjustment roller. The calculated service life of the roller is 150 thousand kilometers. The engines of the 405th series are significantly reduced and fuel. These engines comply with world standards and permissible toxicity standards, and also characterized by increased reliability.
ZMZ-405: Specifications
Designed on the basis of ZMZ-406.10 ZMZ-405 "Euro-3" engine has such characteristics:
- The power unit is intended for installation on minibuses and small trucks.
- Engine's type - internal combustion, petrol, row with fuel injection.
- The number of cylinders - 4, with 16 valves.
- Volume - 2.46 liters.
- Compression indicator - 9.3.
- The diameter of the cylinders is 95.5 mm.
- Piston stroke - 86 mm.
- The stated power is 152 liters. with. (111.8 kW) at 5,200 revolutions per minute.
- Specific fuel consumption - 198 g / l. with. per hour recommended octane number of fuel - 92.
- Motor cooling - liquid.
- Stone mass - 192.2 kg.
- Compliance with ecological standards "Euro-3" with a three-component neutralizer installed.
What is the key distinction between basic engine and zmz-405? Power is increased by 4.8% with an increase in the working volume by 7.9%.
Modern ZMZ-405 engine: Price
ZMZ-405 gasoline engines of modern modifications (40524.1000400-100, 101) in the factory production of OJSC ZMZ are from 2013. From the latest improvements, you can mark the optimized lid of the valves, a toothed and improved ventilation system with a removal of crankcase gases in the receiver. New constructive changes made it possible to create an engine corresponding to not only Euro-3, but also the ecological standards "Euro-4".
The new ZMZ-405 engine, the price of which in dealerships ranges from 124 to 152 thousand rubles, with a guarantee from the manufacturer's plant intended for re-equipment of cars of the Gazelle Business line.
The possibility of tuning ZMZ-405
Tuning of any engine provides, first of all, an increase in power. In ZMZ-405, this can be achieved by three main ways: forcing, turbine or installation of the compressor.
The first version of the tuning, which became traditional, provides for a fairly large complex of work: installation of active air intake, refinement of combustion chambers, increase the volume of the receiver, replacement of standard valves, springs, shafts and components piston group more improved, upgrades exhaust system. As a result, the engine operation acquires a sporty shade, and power increases to 200 liters. with.
The car is not a luxury, but a means of movement - quite fairly argued by a well-known character of a famous work. But besides this, the car is a source of emissions of toxic compounds into the atmosphere, and consequently, in the ecosystem of the country's country. Let's talk about the ecological class of the car.
Vehicle exhaust gases - product combustion (oxidation) of carbon fuel. Contain in itself both harmless or fast-pressed substances and toxic components and carcinogens.
First include:
- Nitrogen (N2)
- Water Couples (H2O)
- Oxygen (O2)
- Durger gas (CO2)
The second are represented by the following compounds:
- Carbon monoxide (CO)
- Hydrocarbons
- Aldehydes
- Benzpiren.
A significant increase in the concentration of toxic components and carcinogens in places of vehicle accumulation, causes a deterioration in general condition human health and An increase in the number of cancer.
How it all began
In connection with the threatening environmental situation, in 1992, the European Union's countries were forced to adopt a set of legislative acts regulating the content of toxic compounds in the exhaust of the car. The first regulatory document had a collective name of Euro 1. Four years later, the rules were tightened again, and the light saw the ecology standard of Euro 2. But it was only the beginning. Under the increasing pressure of "green" appeared edition of the rules environmental safety 3, 4, 5.
On the territory of the Russian Federation, the Euro 2 standard was introduced in 2006. In 2008, Euro 3 entered into force, and another 2 years - Euro 4. It is planned that from January 2014, an ecological security standard of Euro 5 will be introduced for the car imported into the territory of the country.
What does this mean for ordinary citizens? A ban on the import of a foreign-made car, whose environmental security class does not respond to the norms operating in the territory of the country.
For a better understanding of the situation, you can consider the following example:
On the border of the Russian Federation expects Citroen Citroen 2003 customs. To bring it to the country, of course, it is possible, but register, and even more so it will not work the vehicle vehicle. After all, it is made during the action in Europe of the Euro 3 standard, and we already have euro 4. Now if the year of the car is released 2005 and higher, there will be no problems with registration, since since the 2005th European Union has adopted the Euro 4 standard.
How to find out the ecological class of the car
Vin vehicle number
Civil servants during customs clearance of a car or other vehicle, first of all look at the following data and documents:
- Information in the database
- Certificate of compliance with the EURO 4 environmental safety standard, and how do you remember from January 1, 2014 - Euro 5
What is the same as the ecological class of the car before buying, to avoid the above-described difficulties? 
Taking advantage of the VIN number containing the following comprehensive information:
- Region, country and firm manufacturer
- Automobile model
- Body type
- Wheelbase
- Engine
- Type of Transmission
- Department of Plant.
- Serial number
Directory compliance with the norms of Euro 2, 3, 4, 5 is not indicated, but knowing the year of release and the country to determine the desired class of environmental safety will not be difficult. For its part, the FCS of Russia makes it possible for everyone to use the vehicle compliance table with ecological standards of Euro 2, 3, 4, 5 of their own development.
Exception to the rule
The data of these rules does not apply to special technique, when registering which is not issued, PTS, PSM (passport of the self-propelled mechanism). Mandatory condition It is the maximum possible speed of the highway road 40 km / h. Probably, officials believe that diesel bulldozers and excavators will not harm the ecosystem, working within, for example, the construction site. Well, the speed of 40 km / h makes the exhaust pure, like morning breeze. This is in the aggregates, the consumption of diesel fuel is equal to 100 liters per hour of work.
What to expect from innovations in the new year
First of all the rise in prices for secondary market Foreign car cars, unreasonable increase in the price of frank metal. Yes, and the re-registration of an already imported car corresponding to the norms of the ecological safety class Euro 2, 3, 4 is not a clear question.
European and operation will be allowed to import and operate american carsreleased no earlier than 2009. The price of them will also be appropriate.
Many motorists sometimes have to personally perform a simple repair of the machine. In order to correctly choose the required spare parts, you need to thoroughly own information about the unit. Knowledge of the technical characteristics of the power plant, leading to the movement of the car, will help not be mistaken and removed from the purchase of unnecessary parts.
We offer to familiarize yourself with operational features ZMZ-405 engines improved before compliance with the requirements of Euro-3. Most cars "GAZ" are equipped with such motors. We will also consider the main malfunctions of the power units and methods for increasing their resource.
What is the difference between the ZMZ-405 Euro-3 engine from previous versions. Specifications and design features
Unchanging popularity in enterprising Russians enjoy small trucks Sable and Gazelle. Universal vehicles can be used not only for the transportation of goods, but also as minibuses for the transport of people. Familiar to domestic pedestrians route taxi Most of them are represented by cars of this brand.
What power units lead their mechanisms to specifications, short description The designs of the ZMZ-405 engines, improved by the manufacturer to the level of Euro-3, will help the owners of vehicles avoid expensive services for mechanics of specialized services.
Possession of such information contributes the best choice The most suitable details needed to carry out repair activities with their own hands.
The debut representation of the motor under consideration with the general public took place in 2000. Manufacturers worked tirelessly, improving their creation until they created a version of 405 Euro-3.
Briefly about the device of the power unit
In 2009, the Design Bureau of the Volga Plant began to find the possibilities of engine improvement. The result of the manifestation of talents of local engineers was updated before compliance with the level of requirements of Euro-3 standards engine of the ZMZ-405 family.
The base unit for the underlying power plant is considered to be the motor 406 series manufactured at the same factory. New model Different with progressive design solutions:
- manufacturers have provided a decrease in the mass of the cylinder head of almost 1.3 kg due to the complete dismantling of the idle system. Fixation is carried out by special bolts with a length of 24 mm;
- a two-layer metal construction replaced the blessing reinforced material with metal edging used as gBC pads. Reliable sealing of gas joints, lubricating ducts of the system, as well as the optimal cooling of the unit is ensured by the presence of special spring zigzags not provided for in previous versions engine;
- taking care of a reliable sealing of heads and the block of cylinders, manufacturers equipped them with special means of thermal insulation;
- application for controlling the engine of electronic choke allowed the designers to get rid of unnecessary components and details. From the device was irrevocably removed the idling regulator, equipped with air nozzles. Such a fate has suffered a throttle nozzle complete with a valve position indicator;
- the updated engine 405 euro has an elongated drive belt, supplemented by self-tape roller;
- the stiffness of the cylinder block is increased due to transverse slots in the cooling system;
- changing some indicators of the flat-term honing of the cylinder contributes to a significant reduction in lubrication consumption on a volunteer.
When making a motor manufacturers, manufacturers took world quality standards, ensuring their creation with increased reliability. Norms of emissions toxicity are communicated to Euro-3.
Performance features
To independently perform the repair of the power plant, there is not enough thorough knowledge of the design. Virtually every parameter is also important. technical features aggregate. The engine under consideration is characterized by the following indicators:
- four-stroke power point Equipped with two distributive treals. For them, manufacturers provide for the upper arrangement in the engine compartment;
- 192-kilogram engine has four cylinders with a diameter of 95.5 mm, each of which is equipped with four valves;
- working space is designed for 2.46 liters;
- cylinders B. motor compartment placed longitudinally, in one row;
- the established magnitude of the compression indicator is 9.3;
- the movement of the piston is characterized by a working stroke of 86 mm;
- making 5,200 revolutions per minute, the power unit reaches the capacity of 152 hp, which corresponds to 111.8 kW;
- the engine is refilled with gasoline, and manufacturers recommend using fuel with octane number not lower than 92;
- motor equipped liquid system cooling, and 110 degrees are considered rated temperatures of the coolant.
In addition to the listed characteristics, it is necessary to note the presence in the design of the unit of a specific three-component catalyst, allowing the engine to comply with the requirements of euro-3 environmental standards.
Problems for the engine from the predecessor
Since the motor in question is, in fact, an improved version of the ZMZ-406, he was inherited and weak spots previous execution. Description The most common of them should be explored Read more:
- most problem Most Hydrauls are considered chain drive Timing. Their frequent tweaking prevents the timely quenching of the chain oscillations. Such a malfunction makes itself felt increasing noise during operation. Chain, worse than the shoe, is able to jump over time. In this case, expensive repair activities are the only way out of the situation;
- refinement of the block channels and improved gasket, unfortunately, do not guarantee the protection of the engine from overheating to which it turned out to be very prone. The reasons are usually eliminated by replacing the unsuitable thermostat or liquidation of faults in the radiator of the cooling system;
- excessive absorption force aggregate Lubricants are explained by one of two reasons. First, these are unsuitable oiling rings or valve glands cause increased flow. Secondly, it is possible to flow oil from under valve cover, and the leakage place is similar to 406 engine;
- the non-uniformity of idling and some failures during the operation of the motor indicate problems of spark plugs. Installing new parts instead of unsuitable capable of completely eliminating the problem;
- worn hydrocomathers of thermal gaps show themselves a persistent knock, accompanying the operation of the power unit. The deadline for their service is limited to 50 thousand km of run. Similar symptoms are characterized by the wear of the piston group. Get rid of the rapid noise effect when operating the engine can be timely replaced by the details of the details.
Some unpleasant features of 406 aggregate should be mentioned separately, which have been inherited by the motors of the updated series.
Among them, far from the last place belongs to malfunctions of the electrical system and sensors. In addition, many owners are very annoying unstable work Baszonasos The engine assembly is also performed at high levels.
As with all Russians, accustomed to enjoy fast ridestated by the manufacturer maximum speedDeveloped by a car with a factory force unit is usually not enough. It requires to increase the power of the motor.
Strengthening the return of 405 engine can be carried out in three ways:
- traditional forced forcing, which consists in carrying out a huge number of measures for the conversion of the aggregate. To increase power, the following works are performed:
- establish an active air intake;
- combustion chambers are subject to specific refinement;
- standard details of the piston group, as well as springs, valves and shafts are replaced with upgraded elements;
- exhaust system is improved.
At the output, an updated engine of sports type is obtained. Power increases to 200 hp;
- turbine;
- motor complete set by an additional compressor.
The names of the last two methods do not require explanations, since they contain comprehensive information. Installation of additional equipment like a turbine or compressor also contributes to an increase in power.
Conclusion
405 The engine can be rightfully considered a veteran of domestic engine buildings. For many years of impeccable service, he managed to conquer unlimited respect and honor. Thanks to the emergency simplicity of the design for its repair, any auto service will be treated.
And with proper maintenance and timely elimination of small problems, the car with such a power unit is able to overcome more than 300 thousand CM on difficult russian roads. Perhaps that is why the majority of the gas family of gas is equipped with such a motor.
Question:Dear, Alexander Mikhailovich? What parameters determine the car belonging to Euro-3 standards? Where to read them, see?
Answer: I am a philologist for education. Euro-3 standard is something related to exhaust gases. There is some place where they take such references. In general, when the car is released at the factory, it already has equipment in accordance with some exhaust parameters. However, considering ignorance by you what it is, I would not advise you to buy a car abroad. Inflate. Yes, and students have no benefits.
Question:We move on permanent residence in Russia under the Program to promote the voluntary resettlement of compatriots (Decree of the President of the Russian Federation? 637 of June 22, 2006). According to the benefit, we can bring with you one car, the class of Euro 3 it corresponds to. I would like to clarify: we have a sprinter of cargo-passenger 9 places elongated, whether there are limitations on the number of places and the total mass of the car imported according to this program.
Answer: In the ruling, nothing is said about the type of car. I believe that you can import the car you specified.
What is Euro 3?
Euro-3. - Environmental standard regulating the content of harmful substances in exhaust gases of vehicles with diesel and gasoline engines. It was introduced in the European Union in 1999 and replaced by the Euro-4 standard in 2005. All vehicles made or imported to Russia starting January 1, 2008 must meet the requirements of the EURO III standard. In Kazakhstan from January 1, 2009.
Modification of a car design that meets the requirements of EURO II, the EURO III standard usually leads to a change in the release system and the engine control system. Also, the power of the car engine is also reduced.
Central Research Automobile and automotive institute (US) and Rostechregulation developed table, on the basis of which it should be determined whether the machine corresponds to the machine to the environmental class " Euro 3."Or not. The table was designed by order of the Ministry of Industry and FCS.
The table indicates in which countries and when the norm was imposed on the legislation " Euro 3.".
Starting from the current year of release, cars are automatically considered certified and no certificates and documents to them.
For used cars, in accordance with the table requires registration certificate of the norm " Euro 3.". Without this certificate, customs officers are not entitled to issue TCP.
List of documents for registration of the certificate of Euro 3:
1. Authorized documents (for individuals - copy of the passport)
2. Car data (brand, win, body number, engine, etc.)
3. Document confirming the compliance of Euro 3 or higher (certificates of type TUV, etc., foreign TCPs or an expert opinion.) For old cars - a refurbishment document.
Table with information on compliance with environmental emission classes, depending on their year of issue and country of origin
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* Note: The European Union includes: Austria, Belgium, United Kingdom, Hungary, Germany, Greece, Denmark, Ireland, Spain, Italy, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Finland, France, Czech Republic, Sweden and Estonia.
On the introduction environmental class 3 (Euro-3)
The Federal Customs Service informs interested citizens, as well as participants of the WED that in accordance with paragraph 14 of the Government of the Russian Federation of October 12, 2005 No. 609 "On Approval of Special Technical Regulations" On Emissions Requirements automotive technologyReleased in the territory of the Russian Federation, harmful (polluting) substances "from January 1, 2008, with respect to automotive equipment issued in the territory of the Russian Federation, an environmental class 3 (Euro-3) is introduced.
The provision of compliance with this requirement provides for the definition of the customs authorities of the Russian Federation of the environmental class of the vehicle, based on the information that is contained in the certificates of conformity, "approval of the vehicle type" and "conclusions on the compliance with the requirements of the requirements." These information is formed by the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology (Rostechregulation), are updated monthly and officially sent to the FCS of Russia and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.
For citizens who want to conduct customs clearance of the machine at an optimal time, you need to know an identification number (VIN), brand and year of release, purchased vehicle. Based on the knowledge of these criteria, any citizen can independently determine the ecological class of the car, resorting to the help of the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology (www.gost.ru/wps/portal). If the ecological class of the vehicle being checked corresponds to Euro 3 and higher, then within its customs clearance, additional supporting documents will not be required.
If the ecological class of the car failed to determine, then in this case the citizen should apply to certification bodies conducted to confirm compliance with the requirements of special technical regulations. With their addresses in each federal district, you can find on the official WEB server of the Federal Customs Service of Russia in the "Information for VED participants" (www.customs.ru/ved_info/baza).
The Russian Customs Service, which is a state regulatory body, warns that in the inconsistency of the ecological class of the vehicle (Euro-2 and below), the requirements of the technical regulation or the absence of confirmation of its environmental class (not lower than Euro-3) of the passport of the vehicle by customs authorities will not be issued.
Customs clearance motor vehicles The customs authorities of the Russian Federation are carried out and will continue in strict accordance with the current customs legislation.
Press Service of the Federal Tax Service of the Russian Federation
