At any enterprise, there must be a production first-aid kit that allows you to help employees in case of deterioration of health, injuries or accidents. The first aid kit can be stationary and stored in a hanging cabinet or portable in a waterproof bag (plastic case). Regardless of the storage option, the first-aid kit must be correctly completed and contain medicines of the appropriate expiration date.
Who pays for the first aid kit?
No one has the right to collect money from the employees of the enterprise to complete the production first-aid kit. The employer must provide an appropriate set of medical equipment. Moreover, he does this not on a voluntary basis, but guided by the law on labor protection.
Regulatory documents
The Ministry of Health and Social Development has developed several basic documents on the basis of which a production first-aid kit is completed and used. The first of the orders was assigned the number 169Н. The second order - 477N confirms the need for the presence and completeness of the first-aid kit. Here you can find a list of conditions for which you need to provide medical assistance, and a list of actions using the first aid kit.
Order No. 169Н is supplemented with notes. Clauses 1-2 indicate that the employer is not endowed with the right to independently change the list of drugs. Production facilities are completed with certified medicines. Medicines that have expired are replaced with similar ones. The funds used are replenished.
Who can help in an emergency?
The provision of first aid is regulated by Art. 31 of Law No. 323-FZ "On the Basics of Health Protection of Citizens in Russian Federation"It says that in case of injuries or in other situations that threaten the health of an employee, a person who has undergone certain training and received the necessary skills is engaged in first aid. These persons include representatives of law enforcement agencies, the military, representatives of emergency services, drivers. the enterprise allocates a certain number of workers who are trained (according to special programs of the federal level) in the rules for the use of primary aid, which contains a production first-aid kit.
It is important to remember that, according to Order No. 169H, all manipulations are performed with medical gloves. If an infectious disease is suspected, a medical mask must be used.
The composition of the first aid kit at the enterprise
The production first-aid kit, the composition of which is regulated by order No. 169Н, should include:
- products that help stop bleeding, dressings;
- means allowing for resuscitation (artificial respiration);
- syringes, gloves, masks, scissors;
- isothermal blanket;
- drugs to relieve pain and inflammation;
- heart remedies;
- remedy for getting out of fainting;
- remedy for poisoning;
- sedative drug;
- antihistamine;
- antispasmodics;
- sodium sulfacil solution;
- ascorbic acid and so on.
The production first-aid kit should take into account the specifics of the work performed. For example, chemical companies add drugs to the medicine cabinet for poisoning and chemical burns. For metallurgists and cooks, thermal burns are more relevant. Businesses associated with high-altitude work are increasing the number and adding restraint tires.
All these subtleties must be taken into account when choosing a production first-aid kit, because the safety of the employee and the provision of emergency care if necessary, an important task.
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Any production activity has associated hazardous factors. Injury can happen when you break technological process or labor protection requirements. The production first-aid kit by order of 169n is completed depending on the number of employees, the specifics of production
The necessary stock of medical materials and devices is stored in a specially designated accessible place. Control shelf life of a production first aid kitlead by a person appointed by the head of the organization. Knowledge of first aid techniques is mandatory for him.
Orders regulating the availability of a production first aid kit
Order of the Ministry of Health of the USSR dated July 22, 1969 No. 547 "On the approval of a new range of medical first-aid kits" was valid until the revision of the range production first aid kits by order of 169нin 2011 .
Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation of March 5, 2011 No. 169n "On approval of requirements for the packaging of products medical purpose first-aid kits for providing first aid to workers "was developed in accordance with the main provisions of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. He justified the creation of first-aid kits of a new model and indicated complete list necessary medical devices and devices.
By order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development dated 04.05.2012 No. 477n, two lists were approved:
- a list of conditions in which the first health care;
- list of first aid measures using production first aid kits by order of 169n.
The main factor in the effective use of funds is the ability of personnel to provide first aid. The kit includes tools for stopping external bleeding, wound dressing and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Medicines are excluded from the list, as their use requires special medical education.
Who has the right to provide first aid before the arrival of doctors
In the event of an accident, the employer in accordance with Art. 228 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation is obliged to immediately organize first aid for the victim and, if necessary, deliver him to a medical organization.
On the basis of Article 31 of Federal Law No. 323-FZ of 21.11.2011 "On the Fundamentals of Health Protection of Citizens in the Russian Federation", in cases of an employee receiving life-threatening injuries, first aid can be provided by persons who have undergone special training or have the appropriate skills. For instance:
- law enforcement officials;
- military personnel;
- emergency workers;
- drivers vehicle and etc.
First aid training programs are developed at the federal level. Therefore, a trained member of the production team is responsible for the correct use of primary products.
When providing first aid, one should be guided by the recommendations given in the notes to the Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia dated 05.03.2011 No. 169n. In particular, they prescribe that all manipulations be carried out in medical gloves, and in the presence of a threat of the spread of infectious diseases, in a medical mask. If arterial bleeding occurs, a hemostatic tourniquet must be applied, indicating the time of its application. If the victim does not have breathing, administer artificial respiration using a device from the first-aid kit, and use a rescue isothermal blanket to protect against hypothermia or overheating, etc.
The list of tools required in the production first aid kit
For achievement better result, the set of materials should depend on the specifics of production. So, for high-altitude work at height, falls with fractures and internal injuries are characteristic. Metallurgists and cooks can suffer extensive thermal burns. Chemical workers - poisoning or chemical burns. Therefore, the kit is standardized, but it is possible to add specific tools.
Mandatory in production first-aid kit by order of 169n are:
- products for stopping bleeding and dressing wounds;
- means for resuscitating effects on the heart and lungs;
- tools and protective equipment for manipulation;
- isothermal rescue blanket;
- first aid manual.
The presence of medicines for internal use is not encouraged, since only medical professionals can prescribe and be responsible for the consequences of taking them.
What's new in the complete set of industrial first-aid kits
Production first aid kit collected from funds corresponding to GOST. However, further research on the recommended items showed that not all products are easy to use and safe.
The composition of the production first aid kitmust meet the latest developer suggestions. As part of the ongoing work on the convergence of Russian and international labor protection requirements, it is important to bring the production first-aid kit in accordance with international standards. This issue was one of the discussed at the forum of the Second All-Russian Labor Protection Week in April 2016.
The need to revise the mandatory list and procedure for first aid is gradually brewing. So, for collective first-aid kits, there are three areas that cause differences in the views of developers.
- Is it necessary to disinfect and dress up the wounds, causing additional suffering to the patient, if the arrived ambulance will take off the bandage and put on his own after a short time.
- The modern industrial first aid kit copies the military one used on the battlefield, which is used by trained sanitary instructors.
- The principles of completing a first-aid kit should be subject to expediency and take into account the specifics of the enterprise.
In conclusion, it should be recalled that the presence first aid kits of production software order 169n at enterprises within walking distance is a mandatory event for managers of any subordination, which is directly indicated in article 223 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.
Medical devices and materials are considered an indispensable attribute of every vehicle. Moreover, the composition automotive first aid kit is strictly regulated and any car owner must know which elements should be present in the set. Recently, according to GOST, a new list of components has been used, the study of which will allow the driver to prepare a full-fledged medical unit for the car.
A car first aid kit or a first aid kit is a block of devices, materials, dressings designed to provide immediate assistance to citizens in emergency situations on the road. Some drivers believe that such an attribute is useless, but any adequate person understands that a medical unit may really be needed in the event of a serious accident or other situation that threatens the health of someone.
In addition, without a first aid kit, no car can pass technical inspection and arrange diagnostic card... As you know, without the latter, you cannot get a compulsory insurance policy, which means that access to driving a vehicle will be prohibited.
Law regulating the composition of the first aid kit
Until recently, the first-aid kit for vehicles was equipped not only with the appropriate instruments, but also with all kinds of medicines.
According to the decree of the Ministry of Health dated September 8, 2009, the list of the medical unit was shortened as much as possible. Now the following drugs are completely excluded from the list of its components:
- analgin;
- aspirin;
- validol;
- brilliant green;
- corvalol or valerian;
- ammonia solution (ammonia);
- nitroglycerine;
- activated carbon
The new contents of the first aid kit include different kinds dressings aimed at providing emergency assistance to victims of road accidents.
Why the composition of the first aid kit has changed
A significant change in the composition of a first-aid kit for a car is due to the fact that most drugs require certain storage conditions, which are quite difficult to maintain in the vehicle interior. In particular, this applies to the temperature regime.
Another reason is the side effects and contraindications of the drugs. The human body reacts differently to a medicine - what suits one will have an extremely negative effect on the other. The legislation stipulates that only a professional physician has the right to prescribe medical devices.
First aid kit
Based on the same decree of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, the following components should be included in the medical block for a car according to GOST:
- 1 tourniquet to eliminate or reduce blood loss;
- ordinary bandages 5 m long and 5 and 10 cm wide - 2 pieces, as well as 7 m × 14 cm in the amount of 1 piece;
- sterilization bandages 5 m long, 7 and 10 cm wide, 2 pieces, with parameters 7 m × 14 cm - 1 bandage;
- 1 sterilization bag for dressing;
- 1 package of sterile gauze napkins at least 16 cm × 14 cm;
- 2 bactericidal patches 4 cm × 10 cm and 10 pieces with parameters 1.9 cm × 7.2 cm;
- 1 adhesive plaster in a roller measuring 1 cm × 250 cm;
- unit for the restoration of pulmonary activity "Mouth-Device-Mouth";
- 1 pack of gloves;
- scissors;
- medical block application guide;
- bag or case for storing materials.
In addition, it is not forbidden to supplement the first aid kit with any materials. It can be:
- disinfectants;
- cooling bags;
- anti-poisoning agents;
- antiseptics;
- antiallergic drugs.
The presence of medication is optional, but acceptable. It all depends on the personal needs and health of the driver. The main thing is that there is a list of devices and means, regulated by the decree of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.
Where to buy a first aid kit for a car
Purchase first aid kit You can either in an already completed state or assemble it yourself. In the first case, the price will vary from 100 to 500 rubles. Accordingly, the higher the price, the better and more complete the contents of the first aid kit. To avoid problems, you should spend a little time and check the availability of all the necessary components against the regulated list.
If you assemble the kit yourself, the price for a full-fledged composition may be slightly higher, but in this case the driver may not worry about the integrity of the materials or the serviceability of the devices.
On the video about the composition of the first aid kit
The composition of the first-aid kit for vehicles for the current year according to GOST completely excludes drugs. The list requires an increase in the amount of dressings. But the car owner is not prohibited from supplementing the medical block with the necessary, in his opinion, drugs. A more complete first aid kit in emergency situations can play an important role and contribute to the provision of assistance to the victim.
