How to improve snowmobile cooling and reduce the temperature of the cylinders

Many users will answer without ideas, calling well-known requirements: the proportion of oil, carburetor and ignition adjustment, engine cleanliness and proper ride manner. These facts are indisputable. And what if the execution of these basics does not provide the necessary parameters? The answer is as always simple - modify the engine cooling system on their own. What steps may be taken in this direction, it will be understood as the article reads. The easiest step is insulation of the exhaust system with thermal insulation materials. The undertaking of this modernization is that the air is suused by the system of forced cooling did not warm up due to the heating of the exhaust collector. Additionally, this method reduces the noise of work. Silencers of snowmobiles imported production, initially in their device, have an inner packing from high-temperature materials with a high degree of sound absorption

Such modernization should be thought of it, since exhaust system It loses the possibility of heat recovery into the external environment and its inner parts begin to test temperature loads that are not calculated. As a result, the segments, which subsequently moving freely, begin to be burned down, create metal sounds that are not characteristic of snowmobile performance. However, in each individual case, the duration of the destruction of the muffler individually and can last for years

A more correct solution should be considered a separate air supply to the air intake or the use of the heat screen from the exposure of the muffler. It is not necessary to talk about it, all photos below give a clear idea of \u200b\u200bhow it is possible to perform. There are snowmobiles, in which there is a fence of air on a special channel - the casing from the external environment. It is indisputable that the possibility of direct air intarpass will contribute to improving the engine cooling and a decrease in the temperature of the cylinders

Next effective step by improving engine cooling and reducing the temperature of cylinders In general, installing the screen between the exhaust manifold and the engine cylinders. This idea is used on imported snowmobiles almost from the bottom of snowstation in Russia

Task such a screen Cut off the air flow passing around the cylinders and do not add to it additionally warm up, in contact with the hot exhaust manifold. On the assembled engine it looks like this. Moreover, as can be seen from the photo, the cooling casing is almost absent at the exhaust point of the exhaust pipe

From about 2001, a similar solution began to apply Buran on the snowmobile engines by setting on the inside cooling casing Air Flow Divider

In the absence of such a decision on your snowmobile, we strongly recommend to take this method into service, make a plate and install, regardless of the snowmobile brand. Especially since recently, a similar design has become applied at the factory when assembling taiga snowmobile engines. The design effect is very noticeable even without using electronic engine temperature sensors. The thermal voltage of the left cylinder is particularly reduced, it is also reduced to a minimum, the difference in the temperature of the left and right cylinders. As an example of the independent use of this method, a photo presented below can serve as a piece of cooling casing, highlighted in yellow, was removed

There are craftsmen establishing on a snowmobile two impeller fan. The method is very controversial, because in theory, the operation of two impeller impeller will be accompanied by an excessive air twist - to interfere with each other. In practice, the study did not conduct anyone and increase the flow of air or weakens to say it is not possible

In this article, we will try to improve the cooling of the engine with "low blood", that is, without changing the design. To do this, it is enough to replace individual elements of the system, start with the radiator - the main cooling element of the motor. Aluminum disaccurate radiators are distinguished by increased heat transfer, both when the engine is idling at idle and when moving at low speed.

At the same time, the supply is over 25 percent, compared with standards. It is often the radiators, the culprit in it often on domestic cars "proceed. Cooling fluid Many motorists consider eternal, so it does not change on time. But when circulating hot coolant in aluminum tubes of the radiator, the process of corrosion begins.

We dealt with the radiator, it's time to take the next step to improve the temperature balance - to choose a new electric fan. No matter how good the radiator was, but without a fan, he would not cope with his task, especially in difficult conditions. We select a fan, which has the highest air flow indicators. We note the presence of balancing, this eliminates the imbalance during rotation, which in turn significantly reduces the level of noise and extends the service life of the electric motor bearings.

Along the way, we note that it is no less important than the fan itself, and its inclusion sensor. It would seem, here it is difficult to come up with something new, the design is extremely simple. And yet there are manufacturers who have increased the reliability and life of the sensor. This is achieved by the exclusion of sparking, and the spring-loaded lever, which completely removes the triggering defects.

And what else will we help to improve the temperature balance of the engine? Well, of course pomp. And again we are looking for a solution that leads both to enhance reliability and increase productivity. The pump should have a double row ball-roller bearing, a ceramic oil seal, additional sealing of the pairing body and shaft-gland - all this to prevent the coolant leaks. The new pump will more effectively drive the liquid through the stove radiator.

Here is the time to remember the stove crane. The classic vazovskaya design is still alive and, by the way, works well, but the lack of this crane, probably experienced every owner of the Zhiguli - Hot Tosol suddenly begins to flow into the interior of the car. Choose a ceramic crane.

In the queue thermostat. It is impossible to disagree with the fact that this is a very important element of the cooling system. We are looking for a thermostat with a modified bypass valve, due to this, the temperature of the engine remains unchanged under any working conditions.

We emphasize that it is best to apply a set of measures, that is, not only to change the thermostat, but also the radiator, and the pump, and the fan. Finally, consider such a seemingly minor item, like a lid, in our case, radiator and expansion tank. In fact, this is a very important element.

It is not easy to operate a veteran veteran from the conveyor 30th or more. And yet these cars or a little later release on the roads are still very much, and in the coming years there will be a lot. The design of individual nodes, and the systems of these "old men" often as outdated. About how to improve the cooling system of the old car, tells Ross Twig.

Fig. 1. Installing the expansion tank from "Zhiguli":
1 - tank; 2 - hose; 3 - a steam tube; four -
radiator cork; 5 - radiator; A - insert from
suitable piece of hose; B - metal adapter.

In the cooling systems of old cars, the use of ordinary water was often envisaged. But in the cold season, its use is extremely troublesome business: before the trip you need to pour hot water into the system, and immediately at the end of it - to merge. It is impossible to pour insufficiently heated water, otherwise, in touching with the "quenched" tubes of the radiator, it may immediately freeze that, first of all, destroys the radiator, and secondly, prevents the entire system to the successful "spray". Dry water is also hot so that it does not "grab" by frost. Another problem is a thorough removal of water residues from some places of the system. There are cases when water, for example, frozen in the drain crane (if it is on the car) and ... tearing it. Dangerous water remnants from this point of view can be in the underlying horizontal radiator of the heater, as, for example, on the "Zhiguli" (especially in its tubes).

Fig. 2. Homemade tank made of polyethylene jar:
1 - bank; 2 - Cork jar; 3 - hose; 4 - steam-house
a tube; a - option of metal pipe.

Do I need to prove how much more convenient to operate antifreeze is at least a well-known "Tosol"? But there are problems here. One of them is associated with a large coefficient of volumetric expansion of Toslas in comparison with water. If on a car that does not have an expansion tank ("Moskvich-412", 2140, "Volga" GAZ-21, some "elderly" foreign cars), apply "toosol", the system can not be filled with more than 93-95%, otherwise when leaving Its on the operating mode of excess fluid will be thrown out. But the reinsurance is not better here: with a lack of fluid in the upper hose of the cooling system, an air-steam tube appears. Because of it, the circulation of fluid through the radiator is disturbed, the engine is quickly overheated, especially with a heavy load. For example, the engine whose temperature seemed only a little higher than the norm at idle, literally overheats, hardly you will drive the car. Hope for what helps blowing the oncoming air, completely in vain: since the liquid in the radiator is fixed, blowing will not save.
So, in the cooling system - even calculated once on the water - it is better to have an expansion tank. First, water is also expanding when heated; Secondly, due to its stock in the tank, the system can not be replenished for quite a long time (in summer). When the water is boiling in the radiator, its overwhelms is thrown into the tank where it is cooled, and the pairs are condensed (part is destroyed). When cooled the car after the trip, it is suused not air, but a tank liquid. To equip your "old man" expansion tank, you can buy ready-made VAZ-2101 ... 2107 cars (Fig. 1). The outer diameter of the bunch of the tank often turns out to be greater than the steam tube 3 Radiator 5 . The hose is usually selected on the tank - then on the tube 3 You can wear a suitable piece of the hose of a smaller diameter so that it is tightly putting the main hose (a). Another option is with a metal adapter between two sites of different hoses (b). Finally, if you use a plastic hose, then heating it, it is possible (to known limits) to increase or decrease the diameter of one of the ends - depending on what you are more convenient. (With a decrease in diameter, be sure to put a tightening clamp!)

If the "Zhigulevsky" tank does not suit you something, you can make your own, using, for example, a polyethylene can from under the engine oil (Fig. 2). In traffic jam, the cans cut the hole with such a calculation so that the hose was tight in it - then you can adjust the distance from its end to the bottom of the can (5-10 mm). And so that the tank can be ventilated in the plug, it is enough to pierce the hole with a diameter of about 1 mm. Some craftsmen, instead, are on the bottom of the banks a nozzle consisting of a housing, nuts, washers and gaskets (a), and then both "boil" with a soldering iron of polyethylene pipe (here the desired item can often be found among oldest children's toys).
Tank Try to locate as high as possible by securing it on the mudguard or on the radiator itself. In this case, for water supply during the cooling of the engine, it does not need a large vacuum, which reduces the possibility of penetration into the air system, and most importantly - the danger of "flattening" thin-walled radiator tubes by external pressure.

Fig. 4. System radiator cork with expansion Bach: 1 - exhaust valve; 2 - Ventilation valve; 3 - the neck of the radiator; 4 - cover housing; 5 - seal; 6 - Liquid removal nozzle to a tank.	Fig. 5. Car expansion tank VAZ-2108, 2109: 1 - Sealing gasket; 2 - Threaded plug with groove; 3 - Tank neck; four - brass valve block; 5 - exhaust valve; 6 - inlet valve spring; 7 - inlet valve; 8 - spring exhaust valve.	Fig. 6. The converted plug of the Volga radiator GAZ-21: 1 - the neck of the radiator; 2 - cork housing; 3 - disk spring; 4 - place soldering; 5 - rubber Laying (new item); 6 - inlet valve (Spring is removed).

Now pay attention to the radiator stopper - the node is very important. On veterans, such as GAZ-21, the plug is arranged as shown in Fig. 3. Here are two safety (drainage) valves. One of them is "steam" or graduation 5 Opened when the pressure is increased in the system by 0.45 - 0.6 kgf / cm2 (for example, at high power developed by the engine). Another valve - air or intake 8 . It opens when the system cools (after the trip) and the pressure in it becomes below atmospheric by 0.01-0.1 kgf / cm2. The valve springs efforts are specifically selected. Valves prevent radiator destruction.
If the system works on "Tosuole" and includes an expansion tank, as "Zhiguli" for example, then the plug is arranged otherwise: take a look at fig. 4. First, there is a rubber seal 5 The neck of the radiator providing tightness. Secondly, the valve, which we recently called the graduation, does not have the springs here, and freely hangs on your rod, forming a gap between the gasket and the seat of about 1 mm. This valve ventilated: with moderate mode of operation, the Tosol engine freely flows from the radiator into the expansion tank or back.
With a sharp "forcing" the engine, and therefore, the rapid increase in temperature additionally increases the volume of fluid and pressure in the system - the valve plate with a gasket rises and falls on the saddle. Now the radiator is disassembled with an expansion tank, the pressure in the system increases, excluding the boiling of the coolant at a higher temperature. This improves the heat transfer of the radiator. If the temperature becomes even higher, then an exhaust valve will open to reach the pressure of 0.5 kgf / cm2 1 and will release a part of the boiling "antifreeze" into the expansion tank, preventing damage to the radiator.

Fig. 7. Installation of the thermostat (VAZ-2101 ... 2107) on GAZ-21:
1 - lower radiator tank; 2 - upper tank radiator;
3 - pump; 4 - thermostat.

By the way, it is not harmful to remind: if the engine overheated - it should not stop, hastily turn off it. At idle it highlights much less heat than in the power mode, the circulation of the "Tosol" in the cooling system continues. In a number of cases, it is even useful for cooling to increase the number of speed at idle to speed up the circulation of the fluid. The sudden stop of the superheated engine can turn into trouble - for example, the blocking of parts.
In cooling systems of VAZ-2108, 2109, 1111, ZAZ-1102, 1105, ZAZ-1102, 1105, the cork of the system moved from the radiator to the expansion tank. She again appeared two valves - intake and exhaust with springs (Fig. 5), but the parameters of the valve valves are tougher: the outlet opens at a pressure of 1.2 kgf / cm2, and intake - 0.03-0.13 kgf / cm2.
For those who are trying to improve the cooling system "Moskvich-412", 2140, the problem of cork does not exist - it is enough to buy a stopper from "Zhiguli", which is exactly suitable. But the Cork "Volga" GAZ-21 is desirable to remake, as shown in Fig. 6. Under the disk spring 3 We put the rubber gasket 5 , and the inlet valve spring 6 We delete, turning it into the ventilation. Please note: often the rolling of the central rod in the plug of leakage is often possible, which is possible here of the air seats instead of the fluid from the expansion tank. In this case, the simplest thing is to seal this place soldering. 4 Better - brass (more firmly).
On veterans, as experience showed, a thermostat from "Zhiguli" works well. Thanks to the large passage section, it provides quick engine warming after starting and does not allow excessive cooling in cold weather, which is very by the way for you if you turn on the heater. Therefore, the old bellows thermostat is better replaced by Vazovsky (or the like) with a solid filler. Installing such a thermostat in the cooling system "Volga" GAZ-21 is shown in Fig. 7.

The efficiency of the engine cooling system depends not only on the power of the external heat exchanger (the function with the fan) and the multiplicity of the circulation of the coolant (pump performance), but also on the properties of the heat carrier itself.

In extremal load mode, this factor becomes very weighty if not predominant. Gift the heat carrier in the hottest zones of the engine, cavitation on the pump blades, change the structure of the coolant, saturating it with bubbles. The presence of a steam-gas phase in the coolant leads to a sharp decrease in the heat transfer coefficient in the coolant wall system. This equally refers to the deterioration of heat transfer within the radiator channels and in the engine cooling shirt. The latter, in turn, threatens local engine overheats, especially 5 and 6 cylinder problematic, from the point of view of the heat sink, row six.

You can help the engine in addition to the multiplicity of circulation (the flow rate of the coolant), replacing the standard pump on the pumps of high performance or an electric PC. It is very useful to raise the boiling point of the coolant by setting the radiator cover supporting the greater pressure in the cooling system, for example 1.3bar.

This article on how to make a breathing tank (brifer tank) and implement the circulation circulation of coolant with the separation of the vapor phase and the subsequent removal of it into the expansion tank.

As always, everything starts with a flea market. Having obtained the desired piece of "luminia", you can proceed. All work is divided into actually turning and welding and other. Turning and welding is clearly visible in the pictures and is performed by turner and argoners. There is no big skill here, the main thing is, correctly pushing specialists and financially interest.

Other: making a landing site on a tank neck under the radiator cover. Work is not complicated, but requiring accuracy. I will say right away, the bormeshinka stored in advance was not useful. It was removed all the saw for metal, appliances and small chisels. Fortunately, luminous material is supportive.

Tank Connection Scheme is given. The pressure in the system will be equal to the pressure of the lid valve under our tank. The lid on the radiator more piano does not play, it can be simply replaced with the plug.

Product Budget:

Doodle - 50 hryvnia (hoklobaks), Tokar 100 gr., Argoner 10 gr. I bought a chocolate guard for my works. Total 30 American hryvnia.

That's all, ride and enjoy.

I wish all creative success.
Respectfully, Victor (SOARA).

PS: I completely forgot how articles are completed in serious tuning magazines: this device will become a beautiful decoration under the hood of your car!

The cooling system is an indispensable attribute of any car. Too much energy when moving the car is forced to convert to heat. The engine and transmission require mandatory active cooling, as well as the brake system, powerful electrical components and air conditioning system. And what differ from the "ordinary" systems of cooling supercars? After all, these cars are simultaneously powerful, compact and extremely lightweight. What interesting technical solutions are found in their designs?

Maintain a motor temperature over 300 liters. with. Not a simple task, especially when it works at full power, and the speed is low. And the dynamic possibilities of modern supercars are very dependent on the outdoor temperature.

Often to increase the engine power does not allow the so-called "thermal package" - an indicator of the power of the engine cooling and transmission cooling systems, and not the possibility of power units. It would seem that at high speed the cooling problem should not stand so sharply: radiators are blocked by air. But here the features of the design of the high-speed car make their nuances. The aerodynamic properties of the machine are largely dependent on the possibility of creating a chain effect, and a safe movement is also from the operation of the brake mechanisms. Not in the last place and banal aerodynamic resistance, as well as common streamlord, they also have to take into account. How in such conditions is provided by the stable operation of all systems?

For a supercar, the aerodynamic teaching of the body is the basis of everything. Including the quality of the cooling system. And "classic" solutions with the location of radiators under the hood, in the front of the car, not to honor. Even at the models with front engine location The design of radiators and aerodynamic development differ significantly from standard.

So, the front of the Mercedes SLR McLaren W199 is standard only at first glance. There is a main radiator, an intercooler's liquid radiator with two electropompa, a large radiator of transmission and an engine oil - used a system with a dry crankcase, and the oil is first cooled into the section of the main radiator, and then further reduces the temperature in the tank body, which is made with a large finned surface.

For better operation of the bottom of the body, part of the air from radiators is given up through the hood, and the bag of radiators is connounced in such a way as "correctly" to distribute streams. The engine is within the wheelbase, and the volume occupied by the cooling system is several times more than that of typical passenger cars. The design of radiators is fundamentally different from the usual. Aluminum "kernel" and plastic tanks can be seen on most serial supercars. Alluminous parts are widely offered only as tuning and on machines of almost single assembly. System electric forthys are also quite standard, except that more powerful than normal, have better aerodynamics and a smaller mass.

In cars with rear and central location of the power unit In most cases, a fairly compact cooling system is used with the side and rear arrangement of the radiators of the cooling of the engine and the supervision air. This is done, for example, Audi on the R8 model, McLaren on the P12 model, and are so arranged almost all the Ferrari models with the central location of the engine.

But here the creators of Porsche 911 made a cooling system much more extended and placed the radiators of the motor in front of the body. It is characteristic that in the system is usually used not one large, but several small-sized radiators. Their three in 911, three and R8, McLaren radiators are noticeably larger, because the hybrid drive is used and there is still a cooling circuit of batteries and inverters in the cooling system.

An interesting technical solution uses Porsche. On the model 911 GT3, the radiator fan motor has its own individual control and control unit, which ensures smooth control of its performance and wider adjustment and diagnostic capabilities. And the side radiators with electroventibers are made by single quick-consuming models, and the concern for aerodynamics is manifested even in such trivia as the cap of the electric motor.

With a high length of cooling tracks and a large number of radiators, the pumps are an important component. Mercedes and Porsche are content with standard enhanced design, but with a profile of blades optimized to prevent cavitation. When motor revolutions, more than 7 thousand. Performance drop may become fatal.

A very interesting design in Audi R8 with a motor V10: Melons with pump and thermostat are combined into a single module with a reduced rotation frequency, which is driven by a chain. And in any case, it does not cost without additional electric pumps - they allow you to provide a stable circulation of the fluid in large blocks of cylinders and pump the coolant through radiators at small crankshaft revolutions.

Also important function is to prevent the boiling of a large, complex and very heat engine after turning off, and in the presence of turbines, the pumps are engaged in cooling. In the liquid cooling air cooling systems on Mercedes SLR and McLaren P12 engines use multi-dimensional cooling systems with a dedicated low-temperature contour. Moreover, the cooling system of Mercedes is a dual-circuit, and on McLaren there are already three contours - another one is needed for cooling and heating electronic systems and hybrid batteries.

Oil radiators Engine and transmission - an indispensable supercar attribute. These details are present on the engines of ordinary machines, but the difference in the scale. Mallardiator automatic transmission series 722.6 Mercedes SLR in size comparable to the main radiator of small polysters, and in the cooling system of the Audi R8 oil radiators, including the water-oil heat exchanger and ordinary air. Cooling requires not only automatic transmission, but also the usual "mechanics", and even gearboxes often have their own oil radiators or built-in liquid heat exchangers.

An important component of the cooling system is its working body, in other words, antifreeze. On extreme machines, very non-standard compositions are often used. The goal is one - to force the cooling system to work as efficiently as possible at the lowest power costs, but in addition there are several other factors. First, in the most advanced motors, complex alloys based on magnesium and other active metals are often used. In this case, corrosion prevention is a very important task and typical antifreeze compositions may not cope. And the "Superkarovsky" antifreeze is supposed to be slightly more fluid and ensure the best heat exchange. The improvement of these parameters on the interest share already promises a serious gain in work, but it will be very expensive. However, Mercedes, Audi and Porsche arrange quite standard, albeit not the cheapest antifreeze. But if you have Ferrari or McLaren, then recommendations, as it relies with exclusive machines, will be exotic.

Among the characteristic, the cooling systems of supercars also extremely small mass, widespread use of light alloys and plastics, as well as non-standard technologies and practically a piece release. Thus, Porsche uses the opened pipes of cooling systems on the engines to reduce the mass of the cylinder block. And such exotic, like magnesium, titanium and ceramics in structures, occurs hardly more than quite traditional cast iron and steel. High density and small thickness of radiators tubes - also the item is characteristic, not in vain on many machines, protective nets of radiators are installed at the factory.