In accordance with regulatory legal acts Russian Federation vehicles must meet the requirements of state labor safety standards, and newly purchased vehicles must, as a rule, have a certificate for compliance with labor safety requirements.

It is prohibited to operate vehicles without protective devices, interlocks, alarm systems and other means of collective protection of workers provided for by their design.

Newly acquired, rented or received after overhaul vehicles are allowed to operate after they have been surveyed and tested by the person responsible for their operation. The list of faults in which their operation is prohibited is determined according to the manufacturer's documentation.

Maintenance and repair of vehicles is carried out only after stopping and turning off the engine (drive), with the exclusion of the possibility of accidental start of the engine, spontaneous movement of the machine and its parts, relieving pressure in the hydraulic and pneumatic systems, except for cases that are allowed by the operating and repair documentation.

During maintenance and repair, assembly units of a machine or a vehicle that can move under the influence of their own weight must be blocked. mechanically or lowered onto a support with the exclusion of the possibility of their spontaneous movement. When servicing machines with an electric drive, measures must be taken to prevent accidental voltage supply in accordance with inter-industry rules on labor protection during the operation of electrical installations of consumers.

Maintenance workstations and current repair vehicles must be equipped with a set of serviceable tools, devices, inventory, lifting devices and fire extinguishing equipment. The inclusion, starting and operation of vehicles must be carried out by the person to whom they are assigned and who has the appropriate document for the right to operate this facility.

When using vehicles in the conditions established by the operational documentation, the levels of noise, vibration, dustiness, gas pollution at the driver's workplace should not exceed the current standards, and the illumination should not be lower than the limit values \u200b\u200bestablished by the current standards.

The technical condition and equipment of vehicles of all types, brands and purposes in operation must comply with the rules for labor protection in road transport. They must undergo technical inspections in accordance with the rules of the state technical inspection vehicles by the State Security Inspectorate road traffic Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia ,.

When placing and operating vehicles, measures must be taken to prevent their overturning or spontaneous movement under the influence of the wind, with a slope of the terrain or subsidence of the soil. Moving, installing a vehicle near excavations (pits, trenches, ditches, etc.) with unreinforced slopes are allowed only outside the soil collapse prism at a distance established by the organizational and technological documentation.

Construction and installation work with the use of machines in the security zone of an operating power transmission line should be carried out under the direct supervision of a person responsible for the safety of work, with the written permission of the organization - the owner of the line and the work permit.

When installing construction machines and using vehicles with a lifting body in the protected area of \u200b\u200bthe overhead power line, it is necessary to remove the voltage from the overhead power line. If it is justified to remove the voltage from the overhead power line, it is allowed to operate construction machines in the security zone of the power line provided that the following requirements are met:

a) distance from the lifting or sliding part construction machine in any of its positions, up to the energized overhead power line must be at least the established standards;

b) machine bodies, with the exception of machines on caterpillarwhen installed directly on the ground, they must be grounded using inventory portable grounding.

The installation of a self-propelled jib crane in the security zone of the power transmission line on outriggers and the uncoupling of the slings before lifting the boom should be carried out directly by the crane operator without involving the slingers.

If it is necessary to use machines in extreme conditions (cutting off soil on a slope, clearing debris near power lines or operating buildings and structures), machines equipped with additional collective protection means should be used to prevent the exposure of workers and other persons to hazardous production factors arising from the operation of machines in the specified conditions.

Transportation of cars, vehicles through natural obstacles or man-made structures, as well as through unguarded level crossings allowed only after examining the condition of the path of movement. If necessary, the path of movement of the machine, vehicle must be planned and strengthened taking into account the requirements specified in the operational documentation of the machine, vehicle.

When operating machines with movable working bodies, it is necessary to prevent people from accessing the dangerous work area, the border of which is at a distance of at least 5 m from the limiting position of the working body, if there are no other increased requirements in the manufacturer's instructions.

To organize the movement of vehicles on the production site, schemes for the movement of vehicles and the main routes of movement for workers should be developed and installed in prominent places.

When working on road transport, you must:

Observe measures of careful handling of sources of fire, high temperatures;

Control the parameters of the gas-air environment, preventing them from reaching the threshold values, etc .;

Avoid fuel spills and leaks, open emission of fuel vapors.

Parking vehicles in a room with a running engine internal combustion is prohibited. Only hot air, hot water or steam may be used to warm up the engine and power supply system, remove ice formations and plugs. It is not allowed to use an open fire to warm up the components of a machine, a vehicle, as well as operate machines in the presence of leaks in the fuel and oil systems.

The manager is obliged to inform the driver before leaving the line about the working conditions on the line and the features of the cargo being transported.

The movement of vehicles on the ice of rivers and reservoirs is allowed only along specially marked routes that have signs on the maximum permissible carrying capacity of the ice crossing. The movement should be carried out with open doors driver's cab. At the same time, there should be no people in the vehicle (with the exception of the driver). The date of opening and stopping movement on the ice crossing is set by the head of the organization in charge of the crossing.

In places of embarkation (disembarkation) of people in vehicles, special platforms must be equipped or other devices must be used to ensure the safety of people. Before starting the movement of the vehicle, the driver is obliged to make sure that the landing is complete, in the correct placement of people and warn them about the start of movement.

Car delivery in reverse in the area where any work is performed, should be performed by the driver only at the command of one of the workers employed in these works.

Transportation of bulky and heavy cargo by road on roads open for public use must be carried out in compliance with the instructions for the transportation of bulky and heavy cargo by road and agreed with the traffic authorities in the prescribed manner.

When loading a car with bulk or piece cargo, the following requirements must be observed:

Bulk cargo should be evenly distributed over the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe car body;

Piece loads that rise above the sides of the body must be secured;

Box, barrel and other similar piece cargo must be placed in the car body and secured so that when the car is moving, it cannot move along the floor of the body.

Trailers, semi-trailers and car platforms designed for the transportation of long loads must be equipped with:

a) removable or folding racks and shields installed between the cab and the load;

b) turning circles.

The slewing circles must have a device for securing them when driving without load and stoppers to prevent the trailer from turning when driving backward. Trailers must have a device that does not require its support for coupling with a tractor.

Transportation by road dangerous goods must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the rules for the carriage of dangerous goods by road.

Cars in which cylinders with compressed gas are transported must be equipped with special racks with grooves in the diameter of the cylinders, upholstered with felt. During transportation, cylinders must have safety caps. In the hot season, the cylinders must be covered with a tarpaulin without greasy (oil) spots.

Transportation of explosive, radioactive, poisonous, flammable and other dangerous goods, as well as non-neutralized containers from under these goods must be carried out in accordance with the instructions agreed in accordance with the established procedure with the supervisory authorities.

During transportation, containers with acids, alkalis and liquid non-flammable chemicals must be installed vertically in the car body and firmly strengthened.

Transportation of gasoline is allowed only in special tanks or in metal containers with tightly screwed plugs. Fuel trucks must be equipped with grounding circuits, and gasoline storage tanks must be grounded. It is not allowed to transport leaded gasoline together with other cargo, as well as to be in the body of the car.

In accordance with the requirements of foreign companies, the drivers and vehicles of the contractor and subcontractor provided for the work must comply with the company's Road Safety Management Standard, the main requirements of which are set out below.

Character construction works and the production activities of the company's project determines the requirements for road transport operations. The combination of road and environmental conditions, remoteness of work sites and driving standards makes the risk associated with road transport very significant. Driving hazards are one of the 6 main hazard categories identified in the HSE Rationale for road transport.

Therefore, it is very important that all personnel involved in road transport operations apply the mandatory controls set out in the standard. This personnel, as well as contractors are obliged to take adequate measures to reduce the risks associated with road transport operations to the ARC and to ensure the occupational health and safety of personnel using road transport in the performance of their duties.

All Company personnel, when driving on the roads in Company vehicles or on Company business, are always obliged to comply with the following "golden rules" for road safety.

Required:

use seat belts - on the front and rear seats in a passenger car, truck or on the bus,

be guided by the Trip Plan.

In no case:

do not exceed the optimal (for the given weather, road conditions and surface conditions) speed,

do not drink alcohol on the road.

For roads used by the company:

A professional road construction engineer must officially check the road plan prior to starting work on the road plan;

Official pre-commissioning works must be completed and signed by a professional road construction engineer and site owner before the road is put into service;

Inspections should be carried out regularly at intervals determined by the frequency of road use, local climatic conditions and the level of risk exposure;

Routine maintenance proposals must be approved by a professional highway civil engineer;

Road condition and corrective action reports should be made available to all drivers so that they can report road status, pavement and road signs.

Known high-risk areas, including public and third-party roads, must be marked on the map to be included in the travel management procedure.

When using road transport in a company, it is necessary to apply a trip management system. There are five main reasons for using a travel management system:

Checking the validity of each trip in terms of production necessity;

Choosing the most suitable mode of transport for each trip;

Sharing transport with other employees traveling on the same route to minimize vehicle mileage;

Ensuring the ability of drivers to drive vehicle during the entire stay on the way;

Ensuring active monitoring of trips in progress to ensure safe completion and delivery effective assistance in the event of a traffic accident or vehicle delay.

The company should develop procedures to regulate travel to meet the above criteria. Contractors must either use the Company procedure or apply their own travel management system, provided it meets and meets the above criteria.

Driving at night (which is defined as 30 minutes after sunset and 30 minutes before sunrise) is not permitted. The exceptions are cases of reaction in emergency or a clearly expressed production necessity. The person authorizing the ride is responsible for the individual night driving permit. This requirement does not apply to the movement of shift crews on buses.

Off-road driving of the Company's vehicles is permitted only in case of a clearly expressed production need. The term “off-road driving” refers to driving in areas of soil that are not prepared for driving, that is, unleveled and unpaved. If this is the case, the Trip Plan should include additional HSE management measures to compensate for the risks associated with off-road driving.

Vehicles must be equipped with onboard systems monitoring (BSM). BMS should be used to provide information to supervisors in order to ensure qualified assistance for drivers, their constant improvement of their driving style, and also create a basis for the identification of drivers and their bonus system.

Road transport managers should ensure that the necessary organizational arrangements are in place to identify and respond to emergenciesrelated to vehicles. Travel management plans should cover how these measures are applied for specific travel:

The organization of emergency response should include:

Determining how the need for a response is identified (e.g., emergency communications, delayed arrival, etc.) and applicability different ways for different types travel;

Organization of measures to provide appropriate technical and medical care at the accident site;

Organization of measures for finding lost personnel and vehicle repair / evacuation;

Organizing the collection of cargo dropped from the vehicle during the accident;

Organization of elimination of all spills of pollutants that can affect the environment.

The company, its contractors and subcontractors should form monitoring teams road safetyresponsible for assessing compliance with road transport standards and procedures. Road Safety Monitoring Teams will conduct roadside checks to ensure road transport meets SEIC requirements. This includes checks on the suitability of vehicles and their technical condition, cargo and methods of securing them, checking driver and vehicle documents, driving speed and driver behavior.

The results of these checks - positive and negative - are communicated to drivers and their employers.

The contractor is obliged to inform the company about the suspension of the driver of the contractor or subcontractor from performing work under the project for the following reasons:

Suspension from work for driving under the influence of alcohol / drugs;

Suspension from work for non-compliance with the speed limit;

Appeared the cause of the accident (which, according to the risk assessment matrix, is rated at level 3 or higher in relation to people);

Deprivation driving license by the authorities in the performance of their duties;

Fired for theft of corporate property.

All vehicles must be properly insured in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, taking into account the types of operations for which they are used.

Compensation for injuries sustained by a driver or passenger must be negotiated between the company and its contractors. This circumstance provides for mutual compensation for damage between the company and the contractors, which should be the main provision when causing damage or damage to people or property. Under the mutual compensation agreement, the company is liable for property and people even if damage is caused by the negligence of the Contractor (and vice versa).

If the participant in the traffic accident is a Russian employee, whether he is a driver or a passenger, then this incident is considered as a "professional incident" and during the investigation in case of injury or fatal outcome legal norms are applied in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Unauthorized persons should not be in the vehicles of the Company, unless, before the trip, they fill out and submit to the Transport Department the form "Exemption and disclaimer" Any persons who do not belong to the categories specified in this standard, but who wish to travel in a vehicle companies must complete a Waiver and Disclaimer Form.

Car maintenance and repair during warranty period must be carried out only at stations maintenance (STO) with a mandatory mark on the work in the coupons of the service book.To keep the car in good condition for a long time, we recommend carrying out complex maintenance work at the service station after the end of the warranty period Car maintenance works are grouped into three conditional groups: daily maintenance (EO), first maintenance (TO-1) and second maintenance (TO-2). At present, such a technological scheme is not used at branded service stations: service in different volumes is carried out after a certain run or after a certain time. These works are combined into three conditional groups according to the degree of labor intensity and frequency of carrying out for the convenience of choosing the timing and technical possibilities of execution.

Safety regulations

• 1. Any work on the repair or maintenance of the vehicle must be carried out in a spacious, well-ventilated and well-lit room.
• 2. Workshop equipment ( lifting mechanisms, machine tools, power tools) must be specially adapted for performing repair operations with a car (for example, it is desirable to use low voltage sources - 36 or 12 V, and not 220 V to power portable lighting devices).
• 3. Do not smoke or use an open flame in the room where the car is located, fuels and lubricants, etc.
• 4. When working with locksmith tools, use gloves, they will protect your hands not only from dirt, but also from scratches and cuts.
• 5. Wear protective goggles for any work underneath the vehicle.
• 6. When conducting body repair (putty, painting, sanding) put on a respirator and provide additional ventilation in the room.
• 7. Work related to the removal or installation of heavy components and assemblies of the vehicle, perform with an assistant.
• 8. Containers with fuels, lubricants and paints and varnishes stored in the workshop must always be tightly closed. Avoid the presence of such materials in the area where sparks fall when using metal cutting tools.
• 9. Do not allow oils (especially waste), antifreeze and electrolyte to come into contact with exposed skin. In case of contact, wash off as soon as possible with soapy water.
• 10. Do not use gasoline, diesel fuel, solvents and similar materials for cleaning hands.
• 11. Remember that improper maintenance of electrical and fuel equipment can lead to fire. If you are not sure of your knowledge of the maintenance of these systems, it is better to contact the specialists. If you nevertheless decide to do the work yourself, then strictly follow all available recommendations and warnings.
• 12. Exercise extra care when repairing vehicles equipped with airbags or seat belt pretensioners. Do not try to repair the components of these systems yourself ( the electronic unit controls and airbag modules, wheel, shock sensors, belt pretensioners, etc.), since incorrect

work may cause these devices to operate and, as a result, to serious injuries.

• 13. Before carrying out any work in the area where these devices are located, carefully study all recommendations and warnings.
• 14. Tools and equipment used in car repairs must be in good condition. Particular attention must be paid to the condition of the insulation of electrical wires.
• 15. When servicing vehicles equipped with an air conditioning system, do not depressurize the system, as the refrigerant contained in it is poisonous.
• 16. To safely lift the vehicle with a jack, do the following:
  • Park the vehicle on a firm, level surface,
  • · Before lifting, clear the vehicle of any foreign objects. Remove everything necessary for repair (spare parts, tools) from the trunk in advance, since access to a raised vehicle may be difficult or impossible.
  • · Place the jack only under the designated places. Strength elements of the body in these places are specially thickened and have increased strength.
  • Submit wheel chocks under the wheels of the car from the side opposite to the lifted one.
  • · Place a board (20x20x2 cm) underneath to prevent the jack from sinking and pressing into the ground.
  • · When installing, the jack must be perpendicular to the supporting surface.
  • · Before jacking up the vehicle to the required height, carefully check again if it has tilted in any direction.

Supports should only be installed under places specially designed for lifting the vehicle. Place a rubber or wood spacer between the support and the vehicle body.

· Install the tripod so that two of its legs are on the side of the vehicle body and one is on the outside.

When using a lift to lift a car, observe the following safety requirements:

• 1. When raising and lowering the vehicle, do not stay near it to avoid an accident.
• 2. If there is a danger of the vehicle falling, immediately leave the danger area.
• 3. Position the vehicle's center of gravity correctly on the lift to avoid falling.
• 4. Take care of your feet, so that when lowering the car, do not pinch them with the paws of the lift or the wheels.
• 5. Do not use excessive force on the lift controls.
• 6. Only qualified personnel should operate the lift.
• 7. Do not allow the vehicle to swing excessively on the lift.
• 8. Only place the legs of the lift under the places that are intended for this. The load-bearing elements of the body in these places are specially thickened and have increased strength.
• 9. When removing heavy components and assemblies from a vehicle installed on a lift, substitute additional supports.

The car is firmly entrenched in the image of the modern inhabitant. Every year the car becomes more and more important in human life, and it is no longer possible to move around in urban modes of transport. By car, you will be able to travel exactly when it is convenient for you and not depend on the bus and trolleybus schedule.

Statistics show that now every seventh resident is driving in Russia. The forecast says that in ten years every third person will change into a car. At the same time, as a result of road accidents in 2009, 26 thousand 084 people died in Russia. Not a little, I'll tell you. No one is immune from getting into an accident, but this risk can be reduced. It is enough to follow the basic rules of car operation and road traffic. Problems must be approached prepared: have necessary tools in the car, first aid kit.

Research object is a car.

Research subject safety when operating a car.

Purpose of the study identify the rules for the competent use of the car in order to ensure oneself with safety.

Safety regulations

Exhaust gases are toxic! If you need to start the engine in a garage or other area, provide good ventilation or be sure to open the gate.

When coasting, do not turn off the ignition - it may work anti-theft device in the ignition lock, blocking the steering column shaft. Your car can become uncontrollable!

Gasoline, antifreeze and antifreeze are toxic, so take precautions when refueling your vehicle with technical fluids.

The exhaust system is installed catalytic converter... Please note that when the engine is running, it heats up to a temperature over 6000C. Therefore, to avoid a fire when parking, make sure that there is no dry grass or combustible material under the vehicle underbody.

It is forbidden to operate the car with a warning lamp for an emergency drop in oil pressure on: it should light up for a short time (no more than 2 s) when the engine is started. The same applies to signal lamp discharge of the battery, since sometimes a short circuit in the wiring can be the cause of its ignition, leading to a fire in engine compartment car.

Do not work under a jacked vehicle. Be sure to place supports under the body.

When lifting the vehicle with a jack, be sure to apply the parking brake and place suitable stops under the wheels on the opposite side.

Do not smoke or use open flames when refueling the vehicle.

It should be borne in mind that even cars of the same model, produced almost simultaneously, have pronounced individual characteristics of behavior on the road. It is recommended to use the full speed and dynamic capabilities of the car as you "get used" to it, comprehend its character and only after the car has passed the first 2000-3000 km, observing the restrictions specified in the subsection "Car break-in".

Warm up the engine for a idlingbecause the operation of a cold engine at high speeds will reduce its service life. When the starter is turned on, the manual transmission shift lever must be in neutral, the selector lever automatic box - in position "N" ("neutral") or "P" (parking).

Do not run the engine at rpm crankshaft, at which the tachometer needle is in the red zone of the scale.

It is forbidden to start the movement of the car from the place "on the starter". Get under way in a car with mechanical box gears are possible only in first gear with the lever fully released parking brakewhile gently releasing the clutch pedal.

Do not exceed the lifting capacity stated in technical characteristics car: overloading leads to increased wear of tires and suspension parts, to loss of directional stability.

Avoid driving on roads with low quality coatings at higher speeds. "Breakdowns" of the suspension, which, as a rule, accompany the movement in such modes, lead to damage and deformation of the chassis of the vehicle. In this case, damage and deformation of the body can also occur.

Check the air pressure in your tires regularly: low pressure leads to intensive wear. The difference in tire pressure of 0.2-0.3 atm becomes the reason for the deterioration of vehicle handling.

Check the condition of the protective rubber covers ball joints, joints equal angular velocities and steering rod joints. Damaged covers must be replaced as water and dirt will quickly damage mechanisms.

For refueling use fuels and lubricants and operating fluidsrecommended by the manufacturer.

Regularly check the condition of the battery terminals and the attachment of the wires to them. Loose fastening or oxidation of the terminals can damage electronic devices car.

Remember that the battery terminals are of different diameters: the positive terminal is larger than the negative one. Make sure that the wires are connected in accordance with the polarity indicated on their lugs and terminals.

When charging the battery directly on the car from an external power source, be sure to disconnect it from the generator (disconnect the wire from the "+" terminal of the battery).

Driving style and seating comfort of the driver affect safety, so do the following:

Be sure to wear your seat belt even when driving in the city;

Make sure that all passengers, even on rear seatswearing seat belts. Passengers who are not wearing seat belts endanger themselves, the driver and other passengers in the event of an accident;

To transport children under the age of 12, use special child seats, in which the child is securely fixed relative to the seat, and the seat - relative to the car;

Adjust the driver's seat so that you can reach any control;

Adjust the position of the steering wheel so that all instruments in the combination are visible and your hands on the steering wheel are in the most comfortable position;

Make sure all pedals move freely;

Do not drive while intoxicated. The use of alcohol, drugs and certain medications negatively affects the senses, the speed of a person's reaction, his driving ability and increases the risk of creating an emergency and getting injured;

Do not drive if you feel tired. Stop often for rest (at least every two hours);

Drive the car at a speed appropriate to the traffic, weather and road conditions. Remember: the car's handling, its braking qualities are highly dependent on the adhesion of the tires with road surface... Road sections with fresh asphalt are very dangerous. On wet road the effect of aquaplaning may occur, in which case a complete loss of control is possible;

In daily use

Currently, cars at the manufacturing plant are equipped with the minimum possible set of tools (jack, wheel nut wrench and screwdriver), with which you can only replace a wheel or a burnt out lamp.

Tools and accessories

1 - first aid kit (automobile), approved by order of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia dated 01.04.2002, No. 106;

2 - funnel for refueling with gasoline;

3 - spare wheel;

4 - emergency stop sign;

5 - fire extinguisher;

6 - a set of tools:

Two screwdrivers - Phillips and flat blades;

A set of combined (or at least open-end) keys from "8" to "24";

Pliers;

Candle wrench;

A cruciform balloon wrench (it is more convenient than a standard wrench);

Hammer;

A piece of insulated wire about a meter long;

7 - portable lamp;

8 - wheel stop;

9 - pump or compressor (with a pressure gauge);

10 - mounting blade;

11 - wires for starting the engine from an external source;

12 - towing rope.

Spare parts:

1 - bottle brake fluid;

2 - hose for pumping hydraulic drives;

3 - insulated wire about a meter long;

4 - a set of all lamps used on the car (half of all lamps installed on the car, except for repeating ones);

5 - a set of fuses;

6 - alternator drive belt;

7 - drive belt for the power steering pump and the air conditioning compressor;

8 - relay of the engine control system;

9 - ignition coil;

10 - spark plugs (not new, but working);

11 - high-voltage wires with lugs (one is possible, the longest).

Going on a long journey

On a long journey, especially if the route is unfamiliar, you have to rely only on yourself and spare parts in the trunk. Below is the complete list necessary spare parts, tools and suppliesthat might come in handy. You can change it according to your own preferences. But even if you do not know how to repair a car at all, do not reduce the number of parts or tools. IN emergency situation, of course, you can stop a passing car or go to any car depot or roadside car service, but this particular spare part or such tool may not be there, and the spare parts store is a day off.

In the article "Safety when working on a car" we will tell you how to observe safety precautions when working. People who have a license to drive a car, who have been instructed in safety precautions and have studied the rules of car care are allowed to work on cars. Every chauffeur who currently has great experience driving, before starting his own career, he completed an internship in a car, he drove with an instructor.

Before the car enters the line, it undergoes a painstaking check, special attention must be paid to the control mechanisms of the lighting devices, the gearshift mechanism, the brakes, the steering control, and to inspect for the correct operation of all devices.

If any of the devices is defective, it can lead to an accident on the road. When the engine is not working, it is necessary to create a filling with fuels and lubricants, to clean the car from dirt, to eliminate the malfunction and technical maintenance. Hand tool the worker must always be in good order. It is not recommended to work with wrenches with a wrinkled jaw; this can cause injury to the service personnel. At the end of the working day, the keys must be wiped and placed in the appropriate place.

- To raise the rear or front axles, you must use a jack, and in order to firmly fix it, you need to put bars under the raised axle.

- So that the ill-fated option does not come out, when removing the wheels, you must first release the air from the chambers. Before mounting the wheel on the hub, inflate the tire to a certain pressure of 1 kg / cm, and make sure correct fit lock ring. And the final inflation of the tire should be created only after the wheel is fixed to the hub.

- When refueling and checking the suspension cylinders, all maintenance personnel must follow the rules, they are set out in the section "Technical service of the suspension". You need to know that the gas in the suspension cylinders is under enormous pressure up to 100 kg / cm. Therefore, great care must be taken when servicing the suspension cylinders. If it is necessary to remove any suspension cylinder, it is necessary to take and previously release gas from both cavities.

- When repairing electrical devices and during maintenance on the vehicle, turn off the main switch. Before creating a charge rechargeable batteries, they must be removed from the vehicle. If you are filling containers with oil or fuel, or if you are checking their level, you cannot use an open fire or smoke.

- For refueling, you must use refueling nozzles... If they are not there, then you must use closed buckets with spouts and funnels. If this condition is not observed, then all this will lead to the impregnation of the driver's outer clothing, and the impregnated clothing will lead to the fact that it can catch fire very rapidly even when smoking and from a close open flame. If fuels and lubricants suddenly caught fire, then the fire center can be eliminated with sand, a piece of tarpaulin can be thrown over, it is forbidden to use water.

- Topping up the electrolyte level of the batteries must be done with water, but not with sulfuric acid, as acid splashes can cause severe burns and get on the human body. The batteries must be topped up as water evaporates during operation.

- Fill the cooling system non-freezing liquid it is necessary with the help of a bucket with a cone; for this purpose, you cannot use hoses or suck in liquid by mouth.

- Before you start the engine, you need to look around it, so that there are no third-party objects on it and also the fans. It is necessary to start the engine at low speeds. After starting it, you need to listen to it, and only after making sure that it works normally, you can increase the number of revolutions.

- When servicing a car with a raised platform, the platform must be placed on two stops at the rear of it. If it is necessary to work under the raised platform for a long time, it is necessary to additionally slip beams or wedges under the installed supports under the platform. Do not install the platform and focus on only one side.

- If there is even an insignificant slope in the parking lots, then in order to avoid an accident it is necessary to slip some objects or pebbles under the wheels.

- Before moving off, the driver must give a signal. Having accelerated the car, it is necessary to test the brakes, make sure that they work perfectly. When driving in a quarry, it is necessary that a movement interval of more than 50 meters is observed between cars.

- It is necessary to move along the railway track with extreme caution, in the lowest gear and pass without stopping. When crossing, you must not change gears.

- When the driver maneuvers for loading, he must make sure that there are no obstacles in his way and there is no movement of people. Also, do not run over the excavator cable with a car.

The car is installed under the excavator in such a way that the bucket does not move above the cab, before loading the driver sets the car on the central brake. During the entire loading and until its very end, the driver should not lean out or leave the cab until he hears the signal of the excavator about the end of loading work.

Loading the vehicle is done over the entire platform and the bulk cannot be placed on the front of the platform, this can make driving difficult and cause tire destruction.

Before unloading, the vehicle must be applied to the central brake. Later, when unloading is completed, it is necessary to lower the platform, release the central brake and you can start moving. At night, when working, it is necessary to use sidelights and lanterns; when oncoming traffic, run across to the low beam. You need to know that when the sidelights are turned on, automatically when turned on rear light, the taillight is immediately cut in.

If the engine is rapidly increasing the number of revolutions, in other words, it is "peddling", it is necessary to shut off the emergency stop lever so that air does not enter the combustion chambers.

Now we know what safety precautions are when working on a car. By following these rules, you can learn how to drive a car correctly and safely, avoiding accidents.

• 1.1. Persons at least 18 years of age who have passed a medical examination, training (courses) and have a certificate issued by the State Traffic Inspectorate for the right to drive a car of this category are allowed to drive cars.
• 1.2. Drivers are allowed to perform work only after passing the introductory (general) briefing and safety briefing directly at the workplace, which is repeated at least once a quarter and with each change in work. Newly hired drivers must undergo an internship for 6-10 shifts to master labor techniques with subsequent knowledge testing.
• 1 3. Drivers must comply with all requirements of the Road Traffic Regulations. "
• 1.4 The driver is prohibited:

to drive a car in a sick state, with overwork, alcoholic or drug intoxication, or with residual effects of intoxication. Such drivers are not allowed to work further;

drinking alcoholic beverages on the voyage, in places of rest and work on the track;

transfer control of the car to other persons without the permission of the administration, use the car for personal purposes;

rest and sleep in the cab while the engine is running, use it to heat the cab at long stops;

eliminate malfunctions under the raised tipper body if there are no thrust devices under the body.

• 1.5. Smoking is allowed only in specially designated areas.
• 1.6 The driver, when assigned to work, must receive from the administration of the enterprise labor protection instructions, instructions for operating the car, technical certificate and overalls.
• 1.7. In the process of work, the following factors may affect the car driver:

moving machines and mechanisms;

transported and stored goods;

increased dustiness of the air in the working area;

high or low air temperature in the working area, high vapor content of leaded gasoline;

moving parts of mechanisms, electrical wires and current-carrying parts of electrical appliances in a car.

• 1.8. Be attentive and accurate while performing work; not to be distracted by extraneous matters and conversations and not to distract others.
• 1.9. Do not touch parts of mechanisms in motion, as well as electrical wires and live parts of electrical appliances.
• 1.10. When passing and driving through the territory of the enterprise, use only established walkways and driveways.
• 1.11. Do not stand or walk under a raised load.
• 1.12. When leaving the line, have with you:

a certificate for the right to drive a vehicle of this category; vehicle registration documents;

way or route sheet.

1.13. Drivers depending on climatic conditions work must be provided with personal protective equipment:

a cotton suit;

combined mittens.

In winter, additionally:

a jacket with an insulating pad;

trousers on a warming pad.

• 1.14. Drivers must know and follow the rules of personal hygiene.
• 1.15. Drivers must be able to provide first aid to the injured person in an accident.
• 1.16. The driver is responsible for the observance of labor protection rules by all persons in the car, and must demand compliance with these rules from all persons associated with the work and maintenance of the car.
• 1.17. Drivers who do not comply with the requirements of the labor protection instructions and traffic rules are prosecuted in accordance with the current legislation.

Before going on a flight, check: technical condition vehicle and trailer (trailer trolley), pay special attention to the correct operation of the brakes, steering, lighting, sound signal, wiper, condition and serviceability of batteries, serviceability of side locks of the body, coupling mechanism with a trailer, presence of a safety cable, no leakage of air, brake fluid, fuel, water and oil.

It is prohibited to enter the line on an unchecked and faulty car or trailer (cart) and without a license plate.