What a rogue without a diesel engine? Misunderstanding. It is awkward to crawl through mud or sand, to wade through the forest with a gasoline engine. The manufacturer has been looking for a decent power plant for UAZ for many years. But everything is somehow awkward. Another thing .
CHILDREN OF GRANT
First there was a Polish diesel supercharged Andoria: 2.4 liters, 86 hp - remember? Not bad, based on the English engine, only expensive. It would be bought if there were spare parts for it. It was replaced in 2005 by our miracle - the diesel ZMZ-514. Here and spare parts are everywhere, and inexpensive generators, starters, clutch, power unit cushions, injectors, and also a developed network of stations. Fine! But the trouble is, the diesel was breaking in the hands of the "collective farmers".
He overheated a little - and took the head away. Once a week I did not look under the bottom - I said goodbye to the power unit supports, held high revs - broke the belt, bent the valves ... God forbid the trailer to pull and load it harder: the diesel engine will crush the liners!
I don’t blaspheme the designers: they were solving the problem that was lowered from above to build a diesel engine from a ZMZ-406 gasoline engine. And it is impossible to do it qualitatively. For example, to get the same characteristics as a gasoline engine, the crankshaft will have to be loaded one and a half times more. This means that you need to increase the diameter and length of the necks, otherwise the liners will flatten. And it would be nice to also increase the radius of the crank, because a diesel engine is a torque motor. But where? The block is already there, the "knee" too. Get the ZMZ-514 - a complete compromise.
Such a motor would suit a light car, for example, a Niva, but the guys from Togliatti are looking for a pair with a pedigree. Therefore, experienced jeepers, who own the 514, are extremely gentle with him. They even remove the iron roof and seats to make life easier for the Trans-Volga diesel engine.
NEIGHBORHOOD
However, off-road people were not used to moaning and began to look for an alternative to diesel. The Ulyanovsk company "Dartech" sent messengers to neighboring China, where there is a large enterprise: it ships 500 thousand licensed diesel engines to foreign and domestic markets a year, including Isuzu.
We ordered a sample - a 92-horsepower supercharged "four" F-Diesel 4JB1T. Dismantled, measured and found suitable for installation on a UAZ. We adapted all the engine sensors to work with control devices, adjusted the mountings of the power unit and handed over the drawings to the Chinese for making an adapter plate for our gearbox and clutch.
The diesel engine passed the tests confidently. They checked both in everyday life and in very harsh conditions - "based on" popular in the Ulyanovsk province trophy-raids, in which you have to go fast, but head over heels in mud and with a winch. At the finish line he showed the time no worse than that of combat vehicles.
After "Dartech" he established a small series of UAZs - from "loaf" to "Patriot" - with such engines.
SLOWLY BUT SURELY
I tested the car on the move. The labor history of a hard worker diesel cannot be hidden. The gearbox lever must be operated quickly, feel the edge of the thrust at each step. But you get used to it right away. The pace in the city is on a level, not inferior to cars in the capital of the province. In fifth gear I can move without strain and in sixty, and accelerate, without squinting, to one hundred and twenty. Pulls! The clutch is tight, but it works smoothly, you can forget about the podgazovka. Therefore, maneuvering in a parking lot with this diesel is as easy as with an automatic transmission.
In the forest, the UAZ is like a moose. He breaks the thicket and goes where it is scary to step.
We got into the forest at the beginning of winter and stumbled into a not-frozen track. “Turn on the reduced one - and you don't even have to turn the gas,” a companion, a company engineer, advised me. It's scary: if we tumble in without acceleration, we'll get up and drown. Climbing behind the winch cable into a dirty slurry of snow and ice is an unpleasant prospect: boots with thin soles are on your feet. Yes, there is nowhere to go - I plunge into a swamp. The heart stops, but quickly departs. The motor, succulently snoring on two thousand, pulls confidently. The wheels break the ice, manage to catch something in the mud, and the car crawls along the rut as if nothing had happened. Shoes remained clean ... With gasoline, this would not work.
IS IT WORTH?
During the year Dartech produced more than two dozen cars with F-Diesel engines. There were no complaints from the owners. They say that even in Japan, in Hokkaido, such a car rides and the owner is quite pleased with himself. The price of "UAZ-Hunter" with a Chinese engine is 650 thousand rubles. Expensive? Perhaps. After all, a factory UAZ with a gasoline engine costs only 400 thousand, with a diesel engine - 450 thousand. With a diesel fuel consumption of 8 liters per hundred, saving on fuel will pay off the overpayment of 250 thousand rubles only to 90 thousand kilometers. But with gasoline you cannot get those off-road qualities that diesel gives.
ZMZ-514 engines are intended for installation on UAZ vehicles with a wheel arrangement of 4x4 and a gross weight of up to 3,500 kg and operation at ambient temperatures from minus 45 ° С to plus 40 ° С, relative air humidity up to 75% at a temperature of plus 15 ° С , dust content of the air up to 1 g / m 3, as well as in areas located at an altitude of 4,000 m above sea level.
At the moment (2016) there are two models in the ZMZ diesel engine line: ZMZ-5143.10 with a mechanical injection pump and ZMZ-51432.10 CRS Common Rail fuel supply system
Engine appearance ZMZ-5143.10:
Engine appearance ZMZ-51432.10 CRS
Engine history
The history of the diesel engine at ZMZ began in 1978, when the GAZ plant gave ZMZ an assignment to design a new family of E403.10 engines for the promising Volga. The program also included a 2.3-liter turbodiesel with a cast iron cylinder block. Estimated power - 80–90 liters. from. But then it did not come to a diesel engine.
402.10.
1982 - 1984 work was carried out to create a diesel engine for a Volga passenger car with a working volume of 2.45 dm3, a maximum power of 50 kW (68 hp) at a crankshaft speed of 4500 min-1 with a minimum specific consumption of 251.6 g / kWh (185 g / hp-h). The engine was designed with a die-cast aluminum cylinder block. To obtain a "soft" working process, a vortex chamber combustion process was used; to ensure the reliability of the cylinder-piston group, anchor pins were used, pulling the cylinder head, cylinder block and crankshaft bearings into a single package. The piston is made of an aluminum alloy with a special micro-relief and a barrel-shaped skirt profile. The compression ratio of the engine is 20.5, the fuel pump is driven from the camshaft gear. The design of the engine provided for jet cooling of the pistons, an indicator of clogging of the oil filter, a preheating plug.
A prototype of the engine has passed laboratory and road tests, including at the NAMI auto-range as part of a GAZ-24 "Volga" passenger car.
However, in connection with the decision taken at that time by the Ministry of the Automotive Industry to reorient the Ulyanovsk Motor Plant to organize the production of small-displacement diesel engines with the simultaneous development of diesel fuel equipment, further work at ZMZ was stopped.
Diesel engine based on ZMZ406.10.
In 1992, the plant mastered a new gasoline engine ZMZ-406.10. Simultaneously with the introduction of gasoline engines on the carpet, they began to create a turbodiesel based on them.
Based on preliminary studies and the desire to have maximum unification with the base engine ZMZ-406.10, it was decided to reduce the cylinder diameter to 86 mm. This was achieved by installing a dry thin-walled sleeve in a cast iron monoblock; at the same time, it was possible to maintain the dimensions of the main and connecting rod bearings of the base engine and, accordingly, to have almost complete unification in the processing of the cylinder block and the crankshaft.
Provided for the use of turbocharging and charge air cooling
In November 1995, the first sample of a 105-horsepower diesel engine 406D.10 was manufactured and assembled.
A prototype diesel engine ZMZ-406D.10 in the Experimental Shop. December 1995: 
When designing, the following engine indicators were taken:
At the Yaroslavl Diesel Equipment Plant (YAZDA), according to the technical requirements of ZMZ, a small-sized multi-nozzle fuel injector was developed and manufactured, which made it possible to resolve issues on fine-tuning the working process only with domestic manufacturers.
Diesel engine ZMZ-406D.10 in the Experimental workshop of the UGK: 
Tests ZMZ-406D. 10. April 1998: 
Cross section of the ZMZ-406D.10 engine 
External view of ZMZ-406D.10 
Appearance of the first ZMZ-406D.10:
For further development, the new engine was sent to England to the specialists of the Ricardo firm.
The British advised to change the design of the cylinder head, which was with a V-shaped valve arrangement. The head was redesigned: the shape of the combustion chamber was changed, the valves were placed vertically.
In 2002, the engine was demonstrated in Moscow at the Moscow Motor Show:
But due to the unstable quality of components and the technological complexity of parts processing at the plant itself, serial production was curtailed by the beginning of 2004.
However, work on the completion of the new engine continued. The design of the head and block has changed, as a result of which their rigidity has increased. To better seal the gas joint, instead of the domestic flexible cylinder head gasket, they began to use imported multilayer metal. The revision and manufacture of pistons was entrusted to the German company Mahle. Changes that increase reliability and service life also affected connecting rods, timing chains and a number of small parts. As a result, in November 2005, in the small series workshop of the Zavolzhsky Motor Plant, the production of diesel engines under the index ZMZ-5143.
Design ZMZ-5143 is that.
The cylinder head is made of aluminum alloy. The vertical valves are driven by two camshafts via single-arm needle-bearing roller levers. Valve mechanism with German INA hydraulic mounts.
The camshaft drive is a chain, two-stage, similar to the ZMZ-406. However, the length of the chains is different, and instead of plastic levers, an asterisk was used for tension, which, in the order of reverse unification, was also introduced on gasoline engines. Chain tensioners are hydraulic.
Cylinder block made of special cast iron. The casting is unified with the ZMZ-406 gasoline block. The cylinder diameter is 87 mm, the piston stroke is 94 mm (for the gasoline "406" engine - 92x86 mm). In the crankcase of the block there are special nozzles, through which the oil coming from the central line cools the pistons.
The crankshaft is original, forged steel with a crank radius of 47 mm - the forging is made by KamAZ. The shaft is hardened by high frequency quenching or nitriding of the outer surface.
The piston with a combustion chamber in the bottom is made of an aluminum alloy with a ni-resist insert for a compression ring; the skirt is treated with Molikot anti-friction compound. The piston rings are from Götze.
Fuel equipment "Bosch". High pressure fuel pump with mechanical regulator. Especially for the ZMZ-514, Bosch modified its VE-type distribution pump, which now develops a maximum pressure of 1100 bar and has correctors for boosting and for warming up the engine in winter. The high-pressure fuel pump is driven from the crankshaft by a VAZ 2112 toothed belt covered with a protective cover.
Bosch injectors are two-spring and allow preliminary fuel injection. Fine fuel filter with manual pump, heater, water separator - "Boshevsky", high pressure fuel lines - "Guido".
The turbocharger is Czech, manufactured by ČZ-Strakonice AS, also adapted by Garrett, which has a higher efficiency.
Since 2006, these motors have been serially installed on the UAZ Hunter.
In 2007, ZMZ-514 was adapted for installation on UAZ commercial vehicles.
In 2012, the production of ZMZ-51432.10 CRS with a Common Rail fuel supply system that meets the environmental requirements of Euro-4 was mastered. These engines are installed on UAZ Patriot, Hunter, Pickup and Cargo cars and utility vehicles.
Engine marking
The ZMZ-514.10 engine family is a 4-cylinder 16-valve diesel engines with a working volume of 2.24 liters.
| Engine designation by CD | VDS-descriptive part of marking | Characteristic features of the completeness and execution of the engine | Applicability on a car |
| Complete set with a high pressure fuel pump VE 4 / 11F 2100RV | |||
| 514.1000400 | 51400 | Basic complete set in a single version with a high-pressure fuel pump VE 4 / 11F 2100RV, without power steering and fan drive. | |
| 514.1000400-10 | 51400A | Basic complete set in a single version with clutch housing, SROG, power steering, without fan | cars of JSC "GAZ" |
| 514.1000400-20 | 51400B | Basic complete set in a single version with a high-pressure fuel pump VE 4 / 11F 2100RV, with a power steering and a fan drive, an oil sump of the ZMZ-5141 engine, with an oil filter of reduced dimensions. | |
| 5141.1000400 | 514100 | Completeness in a single version with a high-pressure fuel pump VE 4 / 11F 2100RV, power steering, air conditioning, no fan. | |
| 5143.1000400 | 514300 | Basic equipment in a single version with a high-pressure fuel pump VE 4 / 11F 2100RV, power steering. | |
| 5143.1000400-10 | 51430A | Completeness in a single version with a high-pressure fuel pump VE 4 / 11F 2100RV, power steering, air conditioning. | |
| 5143.1000400-20 | 51430V | Completeness in a single version with a high-pressure fuel pump VE 4 / 11F 2100RV, a fan drive and brackets for the power steering pump. | |
| 5143.1000400-30 | 51430C | Completeness in a single version with a VE 4 / 11F 2100RV high-pressure fuel pump, a fan drive and power steering brackets, with fuel supply lines of a changed length compared to the basic configuration. | |
| 5143.1000400-40 | 51430D | Completeness in a single version with a fan drive, a vacuum pump combined with a generator, clutch housing, SROG, power steering | UAZ-315148 "Hunter" |
| 5143.1000400-41 | 51430G | Completeness in a single version with a fan drive, a vacuum pump on the cylinder block, SROG, power steering, without clutch housing | UAZ-315148 "Hunter" |
| 5143.1000400-42 | 51430H | Completeness in a single version with a fan drive, a vacuum pump on the cylinder block, SROG, a branch pipe for connecting an autonomous heater-heater, power steering, without a clutch housing | UAZ-296608 |
| 5143.1000400-50 | 51430E | Completeness in a single version with a VE 4 / 11F 2100RV high-pressure fuel pump, a fan drive and power steering pump brackets, without a fuel pump, with a bypass valve on the fine fuel filter. | |
| 5143.1000400-80 | 51430L | Completeness in a single version with a fan drive, a vacuum pump on the cylinder block, SROG, a recirculated exhaust gas cooler, power steering, without a clutch housing | |
| 5143.1000400-81 | 51430M | Completeness in a single version with a fan drive, a vacuum pump on the cylinder block, SROG, a recirculated exhaust gas cooler, a branch pipe for connecting an autonomous heater-heater, power steering, without a clutch housing | UAZ-315148 "Hunter" environmental class 3 |
| 5143.1000400-43 | 51430R | Completeness in a single version with a fan drive, a vacuum pump on the cylinder block, a branch pipe for connecting an autonomous heater-heater, power steering, without clutch housing, without CROG | UAZ-315108 "Hunter" for MO) |
| 5143.1000400-60 | 51430S | Completeness in a single version with a fan drive, a vacuum pump on the cylinder block, a branch pipe for connecting an autonomous heater-heater, a clutch housing, a small-sized oil filter, power steering, without SROG | UAZ-396218 ("Loaf" - an off-road ambulance vehicle for the Ministry of Defense) |
| Complete set of diesel engines ZMZ-51432 for UAZ vehicles of environmental class 4 (Euro4) | |||
| 51432.1000400 | 51432A | Without clutch housing for DYMOS gearbox; SANDEN air conditioner compressor; power steering pump Delphi; generator 120A | |
| 51432.1000400-01 | 51432B | Without clutch housing for DYMOS gearbox; SANDEN air conditioner compressor; power steering pump Delphi; generator 120A; branch pipe 40624.1148010 for connecting an autonomous heater. | UAZ-31638 "Patriot", UAZ-31648 "Patriot Sport", UAZ-23638 "Pickup", UAZ-23608 "Cargo" |
| 51432.1000400-10 | 51432C | Without clutch housing for DYMOS gearbox; power steering pump Delphi; alternator 80 A or 90 A. | UAZ-31638 "Patriot", UAZ-31648 "Patriot Sport", UAZ-23638 "Pickup", UAZ-23608 "Cargo" |
| 51432.1000400-20 | 51432D | Without clutch housing for DYMOS gearbox; power steering pump; alternator 80 A or 90 A. | UAZ-315148 "Hunter" |
| 51432.1000400-21 | 51432E | Without clutch housing for DYMOS gearbox; power steering pump; generator 80 A or 90 A; branch pipe 40624.1148010 for connecting an autonomous heater. | UAZ-315148 "Hunter" |
| 51432.1000400-22 | 51432F | with a clutch housing for a 5-speed gearbox ADS; power steering pump; alternator 80 A or 90 A. | UAZ-315148 "Hunter" |
| 51432.1000400-23 | 51432G | with a clutch housing for a 5-speed gearbox ADS; power steering pump; generator 80 A or 90 A; branch pipe 40624.1148010 for connecting an autonomous heater | UAZ-315148 "Hunter" |
The domestic diesel ZMZ-514, reviews of which we will consider further, is a family of four-cylinder engines with 16 valves and a four-stroke operating mode. The volume of the power unit is 2.24 liters. Initially, the engines were planned to be mounted on passenger and commercial vehicles produced by GAZ, but they were widely used on UAZ vehicles. Consider its characteristics, features and feedback from the owners.
History of creation
As the reviews confirm, the ZMZ-514 diesel engine began to be developed in the early 80s of the last century. The designers created a new engine based on a standard carburetor analogue for the Volga. The prototype was constructed in 1984, after which it passed technical and field testing. This modification received a volume of 2.4 liters, the compression level was 20.5 units.
The design includes an aluminum cylinder block, pistons made of a corresponding alloy with a special relief, barrel-shaped skirts, an oil filter contamination indicator, a pre-heating plug, and jet cooling of the piston group. The specified model did not go into a wide series.
Already in the early 90s, the designers of the Zavolzhsky plant returned to the development of a new generation diesel engine. The main task assigned to the engineers is to create not just a motor based on a carburetor analog, but to manufacture a unit that is as unified as possible with the basic prototype.
Features:
Taking into account the mistakes in the initial developments and the desire to guarantee unification to the maximum with the variation 406.10, the diameter was limited to 86 millimeters on the ZMZ-514 "engine" (diesel). A dry thin-walled sleeve in a cast-iron monolithic block was introduced into the design. At the same time, the dimensions of the bearings, both main and connecting rod, have not changed. As a result, the designers achieved maximum unification in terms of the crankshaft and cylinder block. The presence of a turbocharged engine with cooling air streams was originally planned.
The pilot sample under the index 406.10 was released at the end of 1995. A special small-sized nozzle for this "engine" was made to order at the Yaroslavl plant YAZDA. In addition, they decided to make the cylinder head from aluminum, not cast iron.
At the end of 1999, an experimental batch of ZMZ-514 diesel engines was released. UAZ is not the first car on which it appeared. At first, the motors were tested on Gazelles. Unfortunately, after a year of operation, it turned out that the units are not competitive and are difficult to maintain.
According to experts, the plant's equipment at that time simply did not have enough technical capabilities to produce a motor with high quality characteristics. In addition, the component parts were also suspect as they came from different manufacturers. As a result, the serial production was curtailed, in fact, and never started.
Modernization
Despite the difficulties, the refinement and improvement of the ZMZ-514 diesel engine continued. Modified the configuration of the BC and the cylinder head, with a simultaneous increase in their rigidity. To ensure a decent sealing of the gas seam, a foreign-made multi-level metal gasket was installed. The piston group was brought to mind by specialists from the German company Mahle. Also, the timing chains, connecting rods and many minor details have undergone modifications.
As a result, the serial production of updated diesel engines ZMZ-514 began. UAZ "Hunter" is the first car on which these engines have been installed in large quantities since 2006. Since 2007, modifications have appeared with elements from "Bosch" and "Common Rail". Upgraded copies consumed ten percent less diesel fuel and showed better throttle response at low revs.
About the design of the ZMZ-514 diesel engine
"Hunter" received a four-stroke engine with an in-line L-shaped arrangement of cylinders and a piston group. With the upper arrangement of a pair of camshafts, rotation was provided by one crankshaft. The power unit was equipped with a closed liquid cooling circuit with compulsion. The parts were lubricated in a combined way (supply under pressure and spray). In the updated engine, four valves were installed on each cylinder, while the air was cooled through an intercooler. The turbine is not ideal, but it is practical and easy to maintain.
"Bosch" injectors are made in a two-spring design, make it possible to provide a preliminary supply of fuel. Among other details:
Crank assembly
Reviews of the ZMZ-514 diesel engine indicate that the cylinder block is made of special cast iron in the form of a monolithic structure. The crankcase is lowered below the crankshaft axis. For refrigerant, there are flow ports between the cylinders. Below are five main bearing supports. The crankcase has nozzles for oil cooling of the pistons.
The cylinder head is made of cast aluminum alloy. At the top of the cylinder head there is a corresponding mechanism consisting of drive levers, camshafts, hydraulic supports, intake and exhaust valves. Also in this part are flanges for connecting the intake pipe and manifold, a thermostat, a cover, glow plugs, cooling and lubrication elements.
Pistons and Liners
The pistons are made of a special aluminum alloy with a combustion chamber built into the head. The barrel-shaped skirt is equipped with an anti-friction coating. Each element has a pair of compression rings and one oil scraper analog.
The steel connecting rod is made by forging, its cover is machined assembled, so it is not allowed to replace them with each other. The damper is bolted to the piston head with a bushing made of a mixture of steel and bronze. The crankshaft is forged steel, has five bearings and eight counterweights. The journals are protected from wear by gas nitriding or HFC-hardening.
The bearing shells are made of an alloy of steel and aluminum, channels and holes are provided on the upper elements, the lower counterparts are smooth, without any recesses. A flywheel is attached to the rear of the crankshaft flange with eight bolts.
Lubrication and Cooling
In reviews of the ZMZ-514 diesel engine at the UAZ "Hunter", it is noted that the engine lubrication system is combined and multifunctional. All bearings, drive parts, linkages, tensioners are pressure lubricated. Other rubbing engine parts are sprayed. The pistons are oil-jet cooled. Hydraulic supports and tensioners are operated by pressurized oil supply. A single-section gear pump is mounted between the BC and the filter.
Cooling - liquid closed type with forced circulation. The refrigerant is fed into the cylinder block, processed in a solid filling type thermostat. The system has a centrifugal pump with one valve, a V-belt, which serves to transfer energy from the crankshaft pulley.
Timing
The camshafts (shafts) are made of low carbon alloy steel. They are submerged stably to a depth of 1.3-1.8 millimeters, pre-quenched. The system has a pair of camshafts (designed to drive the intake and exhaust valves). Cams of different profiles are located asymmetrically about their axis. Each shaft is equipped with five bearing journals and rotates in bearings located in an aluminum head. Parts are closed with special covers. The camshafts are driven by a two-stage chain drive.
Characteristics in numbers
Before examining the reviews about the ZMZ-514 diesel engine, consider its main technical parameters:
- working volume (l) - 2.23;
- rated power (hp) - 114;
- speed (rpm) - 3500;
- limiting torque (Nm) - 216;
- cylinder in diameter (mm) - 87;
- piston movement (mm) - 94;
- compression - 19.5;
- valve location - a pair of inlet and two outlet elements;
- the distance between the axes of adjacent cylinders (mm) - 106;
- diameter of connecting rod / main journals (mm) - 56/62;
- engine weight (kg) - 220.
The ZMZ 514 diesel engine is produced at the Zavolzhsky Motor Plant, and is the only diesel engine representative of the entire line of engines of this type. Initially, the power unit was intended for trucks manufactured by the GAZ group of companies, but the bulk of the engines are bought by UAZ, for installation on their cars.
Specifications
Diesel ZMZ 514, initially developed specifically for GAZ vehicles, but later became preferred for cars of the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant. In the process of revision, the motor became more reliable and increased power characteristics.
Consider a ZMZ 514 diesel and its technical characteristics:
The main part is installed on vehicles manufactured by the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant, namely: UAZ Patriot (Diesel), Hunter, Pickup and Cargo.
Powerplant modifications
The ZMZ 514 motor has received a fairly widespread use and a rich number of modifications. This is done to adapt the power unit to the vehicle. The ZMZ-514.10 engine family is a 4-cylinder 16-valve diesel engines with a working volume of 2.24 liters.
| Engine designation by CD | VDS-descriptive part of marking | Characteristic features of the completeness and execution of the engine | Applicability on a car |
| Complete set with a high pressure fuel pump VE 4 / 11F 2100RV | |||
| 514.1000400 | 51400 | Basic complete set in a single version with a high-pressure fuel pump VE 4 / 11F 2100RV, without power steering and fan drive. | |
| 514.1000400-10 | 51400A | Basic complete set in a single version with clutch housing, SROG, power steering, without fan | cars of JSC "GAZ" |
| 514.1000400-20 | 51400B | Basic complete set in a single version with a high-pressure fuel pump VE 4 / 11F 2100RV, with a power steering and a fan drive, an oil sump of the ZMZ-5141 engine, with an oil filter of reduced dimensions. | |
| 5141.1000400 | 514100 | Completeness in a single version with a high-pressure fuel pump VE 4 / 11F 2100RV, power steering, air conditioning, no fan. | |
| 5143.1000400 | 514300 | Basic equipment in a single version with a high-pressure fuel pump VE 4 / 11F 2100RV, power steering. | |
| 5143.1000400-10 | 51430A | Completeness in a single version with a high-pressure fuel pump VE 4 / 11F 2100RV, power steering, air conditioning. | |
| 5143.1000400-20 | 51430V | Completeness in a single version with a high-pressure fuel pump VE 4 / 11F 2100RV, a fan drive and brackets for the power steering pump. | |
| 5143.1000400-30 | 51430C | Completeness in a single version with a VE 4 / 11F 2100RV high-pressure fuel pump, a fan drive and power steering brackets, with fuel supply lines of a changed length compared to the basic configuration. | |
| 5143.1000400-40 | 51430D | Completeness in a single version with a fan drive, a vacuum pump combined with a generator, clutch housing, SROG, power steering | UAZ-315148 "Hunter" |
| 5143.1000400-41 | 51430G | Completeness in a single version with a fan drive, a vacuum pump on the cylinder block, SROG, power steering, without clutch housing | UAZ-315148 "Hunter" |
| 5143.1000400-42 | 51430H | Completeness in a single version with a fan drive, a vacuum pump on the cylinder block, SROG, a branch pipe for connecting an autonomous heater-heater, power steering, without a clutch housing | UAZ-296608 |
| 5143.1000400-50 | 51430E | Completeness in a single version with a VE 4 / 11F 2100RV high-pressure fuel pump, a fan drive and power steering pump brackets, without a fuel pump, with a bypass valve on the fine fuel filter. | |
| 5143.1000400-80 | 51430L | Completeness in a single version with a fan drive, a vacuum pump on the cylinder block, SROG, a recirculated exhaust gas cooler, power steering, without a clutch housing | |
| 5143.1000400-81 | 51430M | Completeness in a single version with a fan drive, a vacuum pump on the cylinder block, SROG, a recirculated exhaust gas cooler, a branch pipe for connecting an autonomous heater-heater, power steering, without a clutch housing | UAZ-315148 "Hunter" environmental class 3 |
| 5143.1000400-43 | 51430R | Completeness in a single version with a fan drive, a vacuum pump on the cylinder block, a branch pipe for connecting an autonomous heater-heater, power steering, without clutch housing, without CROG | UAZ-315108 "Hunter" for MO) |
| 5143.1000400-60 | 51430S | Completeness in a single version with a fan drive, a vacuum pump on the cylinder block, a branch pipe for connecting an autonomous heater-heater, a clutch housing, a small-sized oil filter, power steering, without SROG | UAZ-396218 ("Loaf" - an off-road ambulance vehicle for the Ministry of Defense) |
| Complete set of diesel engines ZMZ-51432 for UAZ vehicles of environmental class 4 (Euro4) | |||
| 51432.1000400 | 51432A | Without clutch housing for DYMOS gearbox; SANDEN air conditioner compressor; power steering pump Delphi; generator 120A | |
| 51432.1000400-01 | 51432B | Without clutch housing for DYMOS gearbox; SANDEN air conditioner compressor; power steering pump Delphi; generator 120A; branch pipe 40624.1148010 for connecting an autonomous heater. | UAZ-31638 "Patriot", UAZ-31648 "Patriot Sport", UAZ-23638 "Pickup", UAZ-23608 "Cargo" |
| 51432.1000400-10 | 51432C | Without clutch housing for DYMOS gearbox; power steering pump Delphi; alternator 80 A or 90 A. | UAZ-31638 "Patriot", UAZ-31648 "Patriot Sport", UAZ-23638 "Pickup", UAZ-23608 "Cargo" |
| 51432.1000400-20 | 51432D | Without clutch housing for DYMOS gearbox; power steering pump; alternator 80 A or 90 A. | UAZ-315148 "Hunter" |
| 51432.1000400-21 | 51432E | Without clutch housing for DYMOS gearbox; power steering pump; generator 80 A or 90 A; branch pipe 40624.1148010 for connecting an autonomous heater. | UAZ-315148 "Hunter" |
| 51432.1000400-22 | 51432F | with clutch housing for 5-speed gearbox ADS; power steering pump; alternator 80 A or 90 A. | UAZ-315148 "Hunter" |
| 51432.1000400-23 | 51432G | with a clutch housing for a 5-speed gearbox ADS; power steering pump; generator 80 A or 90 A; branch pipe 40624.1148010 for connecting an autonomous heater | UAZ-315148 "Hunter" |
Powertrain service
Maintenance of the 514th internal combustion engine is carried out in a typical manner, as for all domestic diesel vehicles. The service interval is 12,000 km, but most experts and motorists agree that in order to preserve and increase the resource, it is necessary to reduce this figure to 10,000 km.
During maintenance, consumables and oil are changed. The first point includes filters for coarse and fine oil purification, as well as fuel filters. Depending on the operating conditions, it is also recommended to check the air filter, which can be clogged after 15-20 km.
When carrying out maintenance, especially if it is done by hand, it is worth paying special attention to the condition of the nozzles, glow plugs, as well as the condition of the high pressure fuel pump.
Untimely repair of the latter can lead to more serious damage to the plunger pair, which will entail additional investment.
Output
The diesel engine ZMZ 514 has gained widespread popularity on vehicles produced by the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant. The simplicity of the design, which is typical for all motors produced by the Zavolzhsky Motor Plant, makes it quite simple and easy to repair the motor yourself. The power unit is serviced every 12,000 km.
"ZMZ-514" is a family of four-cylinder sixteen-valve engines with 4-working volume of 2.24 liters. Initially, these motors were intended for use on GA3 passenger cars and commercial vehicles, but eventually found their application on UA3s. Diesel engines “3M3-514” were installed on "GA3eli" only from 2002 to 2004, in a rather limited number. Since 2006, the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant has become a consumer of these power units: they "took root" first on the UA3 Hunter off-road vehicles, and then on the Patriots, and the UA3 Cargo created on their basis. But - only for a few years: in 2015, the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant finally abandoned the use of engines of the 3M3-514 family. What are the reasons, and what are the features of this family - read on.
The main reason for the rejection of the diesel modifications of the Patriot and Hunter is the negligible demand for these machines. Not only do UAZs themselves do not shine with gigantic sales volumes, but also the demand for diesel complete sets of Ulyanovsk SUVs turned out to be too small to be considered promising models. According to the company's management, sales of diesel "Patriots" accounted for only 1% (!) Of the total number of vehicles sold.
It would seem that for such cars as UAZ SUVs, diesel engines simply "ask". After all, it promises serious advantages: even more serious and stable off-road cross-country ability, the ability to load the car and the trailer to the maximum, fuel efficiency, high engine efficiency ... The dynamics is such that it seems that the diesel Patriot has “lost” a couple of hundred kilograms , compared to gasoline. The entire torque equal to 270 N * m, the diesel power unit produces already in the range from 1300 rpm to 2800 rpm; the diesel is lighter and calmer "drags" not the lightest body of the UAZ. All these are the main indicators of utilitarianism. And utility for a jeep or a pickup is above all. Those car enthusiasts who had to drive both gasoline and diesel Patriots noted that diesel engines differ significantly for the better from gasoline ones.
However, despite all the alterations and improvements, the "3M3-514" "remained an unreliable and capricious engine. Common, frequently occurring problems with timing drives and high-pressure fuel pumps, short service life of the oil pump, bursts of the high-pressure fuel pump fuel line, cases of a sharp decrease in thrust, the SROG valve plate getting into the engine cylinder, unscrewing the KV plug, and even such an outrage as formed after 40 thousand kilometers cracks in the cylinder head (casting defect), according to the manufacturer, have been repaired. But many "UAZovodov" had a different opinion on this matter.
After equipping the new version of the engine - "3M3-514Z2.10 CRS" - fuel equipment for electronic control of Bosch Common Rail injection, the engine became less maintainable, and if repairable, then only immediately with units that are not cheap, as well as more demanding on the quality of diesel fuel. Problems with direct injection, constant metamorphoses with fuel pressure, were added to the previously mentioned problems.
During the modernization, Bosch nozzles and injection pumps, a ramp, glow plugs were added to the motor; supplemented this with a Chinese turbocharger, but the engine still does not shine with either reliability or durability in use. Of course, this reputation was bad for sales. In addition, the price of the diesel "UAZ Patriot" was more than 100 thousand more than the gasoline version of this model.
The 3M3-514 family traces its history back to the early 1980s, when the Zavolzhsky Motor Plant began work on the creation of a diesel engine based on a conventional Volga carburetor engine - 3M3-402.10. By 1984, a prototype of this power unit was created and passed laboratory and road tests, including at the NAMI auto testing ground as part of the GA3-24 Volga passenger car. Working volume - 2.45 liters, compression ratio - 20.5; with an aluminum block of cylinders, pistons made of aluminum alloy with a special microrelief and a barrel-shaped profile of the skirt, jet-cooled pistons, a clogged oil filter indicator, a glow plug. This model, however, was not continued.
Only in the first half of the 90s, the specialists of the Zavolzhsky Motor Plant returned to the creation of their own diesel engine for cars and light trucks. For some reason, they were given the task of making a diesel engine not just based on the gasoline "3M3-406.10", but also having the maximum unification with this basic power unit.
Based on preliminary developments and the desire to ensure maximum unification with the base engine "3M3-406.10", the cylinder diameter was reduced to 86 mm. This was achieved by installing a dry thin-walled sleeve in a cast iron monoblock; while maintaining the dimensions of the main and connecting rod bearings of the base engine and, therefore, almost complete unification in the processing of the cylinder block and the crankshaft. From the very beginning, the new diesel engine provided for the use of turbocharging, with charge air cooling.
The first sample of the future "3M3-514", under the name "3M3-406.10", was made in November 1995. At the Yaroslavl Diesel Equipment Plant (YAZDA), according to the technical requirements of the Zavolzhsky Motor Plant, a small-sized, multi-nozzle fuel injector was developed and manufactured. In the end, it was decided to make the cylinder head not from cast iron, but from aluminum.
In December 1999, the first pilot batch of diesel engines "3M3-514" - 10 units was manufactured. In 2002, they debuted at GAZelles. However, during the first two years, even the very first year of operation, it turned out that there were difficulties with servicing these engines, and their reliability did not stand up to criticism.
According to experts, the archaic production equipment of the Zavolzhsky Motor Company lacked the capacity to ensure the required quality of the metal and maintain the accuracy of processing auto parts. The diesel engine, unlike the gasoline engine, did not tolerate this. In addition, component suppliers have contributed their "fly in the ointment" to the growth of the substandard flow. And then the unstable quality sharply scared off the buyers, who at first cheerfully reacted to the idea of \u200b\u200breplacing the carburetor engines with a modern economical turbodiesel. As a result, by the beginning of 2004, the serial production of diesel engines for 3M3 was curtailed, in fact, and did not begin.
Nevertheless, the revision and refinement of the "3M3-514" continued. The design of the head and block was changed, with an increase in their rigidity. For a better sealing of the gas joint, instead of the domestic flexible cylinder head gasket, an imported multilayer, metal one was used. The revision and manufacture of pistons was entrusted to the German company "Mahle". The connecting rods, timing chains and a number of small parts were changed in order to improve reliability and resource.
The result of this was the launch of the 3M3-514Z modification into serial production, and since 2006, these motors have been equipped with UAZ Hunter. In 2007, "3M3-514Z" was fitted for installation on the classic cargo family of Ulyanovsk "beskapotnikov". Soon there appeared "3M3-514Z" with the high-pressure fuel pump of the "Bosch" company, which was discussed above, and then with the "Common Rail". These versions consumed up to 10% less diesel fuel and showed better engine throttle response at low revs. However, they did not receive wide distribution.
The 4-stroke diesel engine has an in-line L-shaped arrangement of cylinders and pistons that rotate one common crankshaft, and an overhead arrangement of 2 camshafts. The motor is equipped with a closed-type liquid cooling system with forced circulation. The lubrication system is combined - pressure and spray. The updated engine "3M3-514Z2" has four valves on each cylinder, and the air entering the cylinders is cooled by an intercooler (its use made it possible to increase the power of the power unit and improve its operation at low speeds. The applied turbine, although not devoid of a characteristic effect "Turbo pits", however, is reliable and does not require maintenance and repair.
Left side of the engine: 1 - branch pipe of the water pump for supplying coolant from the radiator; 2 - water pump; 3 - pump of the hydraulic booster of a steering (GUR); 4 - coolant temperature sensor (control system); 5 - coolant temperature gauge sensor; 6 - thermostat housing; 7 - oil pressure alarm sensor; 8 - oil filler cap; 9 - front arm for lifting the engine; 10 - handle of the oil level indicator; 11 - ventilation hose; 12 - recirculation valve; 13 - turbocharger outlet pipe; 14 - exhaust manifold; 15 - heat-insulating screen; 16 - turbocharger; 17 - heater tube; 18 - clutch housing; 19 - plug of the hole for the crankshaft dowel pin; 20 - plug of the oil sump drain hole; 21 - hose to drain oil from the turbocharger; 22 - tube for pumping oil to the turbocharger; 23 - coolant drain cock; 24 - turbocharger inlet pipe
Bosch injectors are two-spring, allowing preliminary injection of diesel fuel. Fine fuel filter with manual pump, heater, water separator - also produced by Bosch, high pressure fuel lines - from Guido.
The turbocharger "S12-92-02" is made in the Czech Republic, at the plant "ChZ-Strakonice AS". There was also experience with the use of Garrett turbines, which have a higher efficiency.
The cylinder block is made of special cast iron, monoblock with a crankcase part, which is lowered below the crankshaft axis. Special coolant passages are provided between the cylinders. At the bottom of the BC there are 5 main bearing supports. The bearing caps are machined together with the cylinder block and are therefore not interchangeable. In the crankcase part of the cylinder block there are nozzles for cooling the pistons with oil.
The cylinder head is cast from an aluminum alloy. In the upper part of the cylinder head there is a gas distribution mechanism: camshafts, valve drive levers, hydraulic supports, intake and exhaust valves. The cylinder head has two intake ports and two exhaust ports; flanges for connecting inlet pipe, exhaust manifold, thermostat, covers; there are seats for nozzles and glow plugs, built-in elements of lubrication and cooling systems.
Front view: 1 - crankshaft damper pulley; 2 - crankshaft position sensor; 3 - generator; 4 - upper casing of the high pressure fuel pump drive belt; 5 - high pressure fuel pump; 6 - air duct; 7 - oil filler cap; 8 - oil separator; 9 - ventilation hose; 10 - fan and power steering pump drive belt; 11 - fan pulley; 12 - tension bolt of the power steering pump; 13 - power steering pump pulley; 14 - tension bracket for the fan and power steering pump drive belt; 15 - power steering pump bracket; 16 - guide roller; 17 - water pump pulley; 18 - alternator and water pump drive belt; 19 - indicator of the top dead center (TDC); 20 - TDC mark on the sensor rotor; 21 - lower casing of the injection pump drive belt
The pistons are made from a special aluminum alloy with a combustion chamber located in the piston head. The volume of the combustion chamber is (21.69 ± 0.4) cm3. The piston skirt is barrel-shaped in the longitudinal direction and oval in cross-section, equipped with an anti-friction coating. There are 3 piston rings on each piston: two compression rings and one oil scraper.
The connecting rod of the engine is steel forged. The connecting rod cover is machined together with the connecting rod, and therefore, when the motor is overhauled, the covers cannot be rearranged from one connecting rod to another. The connecting rod cover is secured with bolts that are screwed into the connecting rod. A steel-bronze bushing is pressed into the piston head of the connecting rod. The crankshaft is forged steel, 5-bearing, with a crank radius of 47 mm, having 8 counterweights for better unloading of the supports. The wear resistance of the necks is ensured by HFC hardening or gas nitriding.
Crankshaft main bearing shells are made of steel-aluminum. Upper bushings with grooves and holes, lower ones without both. Connecting rod bearing shells are made of steel-bronze, without grooves and holes. A flywheel is attached to the crankshaft flange at its rear end with eight bolts.
The right side of the engine: 1 - starter; 2 - fine fuel filter (FTOT) (transport position); 3 - starter traction relay; 4 - oil pump drive cover; 5 - rear engine lifting bracket; 6 - receiver; 7 - high pressure fuel lines; 8 - high pressure fuel pump (TNVD); 9 - rear support of the injection pump; 10 - attachment point "-" of the KMSUD wire; 11 - coolant supply hose to the oil-liquid heat exchanger; 12 - vacuum pump fitting; 13 - generator; 14 - vacuum pump; 15 - cover of the lower hydraulic tensioner; 16 - crankshaft position sensor; 17 - hose for supplying oil to the vacuum pump; 18 - oil pressure indicator sensor; 19 - oil filter; 20 - branch pipe of the liquid-oil heat exchanger for coolant outlet; 21 - hose for draining oil from the vacuum pump; 22 - oil sump; 23 - amplifier clutch housing
The camshafts are made of low carbon alloy steel, cemented to a depth of 1.3 ... 1.8 mm and hardened. The engine has 2 camshafts: to drive the intake and exhaust valves. Shaft cams - multi-profile, asymmetric relative to the cam axes. Each shaft has 5 bearing journals. The shafts rotate in bearings that are located in an aluminum cylinder head and are covered with covers. The camshaft drive is chain, two-stage.
Lubrication system
The engine lubrication system is combined, multifunctional. Under pressure, the main and connecting rod bearings of the crankshaft, the bearings of the camshaft and intermediate shafts, the drive parts of the oil pump, the valve drive arm bearings and chain tensioners, the bearings of the turbocharger are lubricated. The rest of the motor is spray lubricated. The pistons are cooled by jets of oil. Hydraulic supports and hydraulic tensioners are brought into working position by oil pressure. The oil pump is installed between the cylinder block and the oil filter. It is gear-type, one-piece.
Cross section of the engine: 1 - receiver; 2 - cylinder head; 3 - hydraulic support; 4 - camshaft of intake valves; 5 - valve drive lever; 6 - inlet valve; 7 - camshaft of exhaust valves; 8 - exhaust valve; 9 - piston; 10 - exhaust manifold; 11 - piston pin; 12 - coolant drain cock; 13 - connecting rod; 14 - crankshaft; 15 - oil level indicator; 16 - oil pump; 17 - drive roller for oil and vacuum pumps; 18 - piston cooling nozzle; 19 - cylinder block; 20 - heater tube bypass pipe; 21 - heater tube outlet branch; 22 - inlet pipe
Cooling system - liquid, closed, with forced circulation, with coolant supply to the cylinder block, thermostat type ТС 108-01, with solid filling, single-valve pump of the cooling system Centrifugal, the drive is carried out by a poly-V-belt from the crankshaft pulley.
There are new diesels of this brand on the market, their cost is about three hundred thousand rubles, and starts at 270,000 rubles.
Despite the fact that Ulyanovsk four-wheel drive vehicles with diesel engines proved to be much better in terms of driving characteristics than gasoline ones, there were very few people who wanted to overpay for this with a little over 100 thousand. In addition, the motors of the 3M3-514 family have a bad reputation in terms of reliability and durability. This led to the winding up of the project by the Sollers company (which owns both ZMZ and UAZ) under the code name "Diesel UAZ" s.
