Dangerous cargo in road haulage is, first of all, flammable, poisonous or even radioactive luggage in the car, transported with a certain goal and in certain quantities. Transportation of dangerous goods is regulated by law. The main of these laws is called " European Agreement on International Road Transportation of Dangerous Goods" (ADR). The rules of transportation of such dangerous cargo drivers most often begin to be interested when it is required to transport gasoline or diesel fuel in the trunk (diesel).
So, ADR regulates the rules for the carriage of dangerous goods, as well as have an exhaustive list of substances that can be counted dangerous. This list includes including gasoline, kerosene and almost all other flammable substances.
At the same time, ADR allows you to transport these hazardous substances to individuals for personal needs and for resale, but with a limitation of the quantity and only in a certain container.
ADR provisions do not apply:
- to transportation of dangerous goods by individuals when these goods are packaged for retail and are intended for their personal consumption, use in everyday life, leisure or sports, provided that measures have been taken to prevent any content leakage under normal conditions. When such cargoes are flammable liquids transported in reusable vessels filled with a private individual or for a private person, the total number should not exceed 60 liters per vessel and 240 liters per transport unit.
That is, dangerous cargoes in the form of the same gasoline or diesel fuel, for example, we can transport no more than 240 liters in the amount of no more than one barrel) and there are no more than 60 liters in the vessels of each.
There are also requirements for vessels - they should not allow fluid to lean, because plastic canisters are not suitable here. At filling stations, however, canisters are sold from special plastic, which is not separated by fuel.
What is a penalty for the transport of dangerous goods?
For violation of the rules for the transport of dangerous goods, we are waiting for a fine under Article 12.21.2 COAP in the amount of from 2 to 2.5 thousand rubles or deprivation of rights from 4 months to six months, if we are individuals, and even more, if official or legal .
12.21.2 Administrative Code:
1. Transportation of dangerous goods by a driver who does not have evidence of the preparation of drivers carrying dangerous goods, certificates of admission of the vehicle to the transport of dangerous goods, a special permit or emergency card information about the danger, as provided for by the rules for the transport of dangerous goods, and equal to the transport of dangerous cargo on the vehicle, the design of which does not comply with the requirements of the rules for the transport of dangerous goods or on which there are no elements of the danger information system or equipment or means used to eliminate the consequences of the incident during the transport of dangerous goods, or failure to comply with the conditions for transportation of dangerous goods provided for in these Rules, the imposition of administrative fine on the driver in the amount of from two thousand to two thousand five hundred rubles or deprivation of the right to manage vehicles for a period of four to six months; on officials responsible for transportation - from fifteen thousand to twenty thousand rubles; On legal entities - from four hundred thousand to five hundred thousand rubles.
What substances are attributed to dangerous goods?
Let's list the most common of them, which most often happens to be transported! All substances have their own class danger. First we give a list of such classes, and then the common substances and the danger class assigned to them.
- Class 1 - Explosives and products
- Class 2 - Gaza
- Class 3 - flammable substances
- Class 4.1 - flammable solids, self-reactive and solid explosives
- Class 4.2 - Substances capable of self-burning
- Class 4.3 - substances that distinguish flammable gases when exposed to water
- Class 5.1 - oxidizing agents
- Class 5.2 - organic peroxides
- Class 6.1 - Toxic substances
- Class 6.2 - Infectious substances
- Class 7 - Radioactive substances
- Class 8 - corrosive substances
- Class 9 - Other hazardous substances and products
Hazardous substances
| Substance or product | Class Danger |
|---|---|
| Cartridges For weapons (including idle) and ammunition | 1 |
| Powder and detonators | 1 |
| Bombs | 1 |
| Lighting rockets | 1 |
| Petardes, disaster signals sound and light | 1 |
| Ammonium nitrate | 1 |
| Acetylene | 2 |
| Compressed air (including liquid) | 2 |
| Ammonia | 2 |
| Argon | 2 |
| Butane | 2 |
| Carbon dioxide | 2 |
| Chlorine | 2 |
| Cyanogen | 2 |
| Cyclopropan | 2 |
| Ether | 2 |
| Ethane | 2 |
| Fire extinguishers with compressed or liquefied gas | 2 |
| Helium | 2 |
| Hydrogen | 2 |
| Hydrogen sulfide | 2 |
| Methylamine | 2 |
| Lighters or cartridges for filling lighters | 2 |
| Nitrogen compressed | 2 |
| Oxygen compressed or liquid | 2 |
| Propylene | 2 |
| Gas refrigerator | 2 |
| Acetone | 3 |
| Benzene | 3 |
| Camphor oil | 3 |
| Almost any adhesives | 3 |
| Aromatic liquid extracts | 3 |
| Ethyl alcohol (ethanol) | 3 |
| Ethyl acetate | 3 |
| Fusel oil | 3 |
| Diesel fuel | 3 |
| Heating oil | 3 |
| Gasoyl | 3 |
| Petrol | 3 |
| Gasoline | 3 |
| Petrol. | 3 |
| Nitroglycerin and its solutions | 3 |
| Hexane | 3 |
| Ink | 3 |
| Kerosene | 3 |
| Methanol. | 3 |
| Nitromegetan | 3 |
| Paints (including enamels, dyes, varnish, olive, solvent) | 3 |
| Perfumery products with refincommunicative substances | 3 |
| Oil | 3 |
| Coniferous oil | 3 |
| Smolyan oil | 3 |
| Medical tincture | 3 |
| Turpentine | 3 |
| Liquid antiseptics for wood | 3 |
| Powder aluminum | 4.1 |
| Match | 4.1 |
| Naphthalene | 4.1 |
| Rubber | 4.1 |
| Activated carbon | 4.2 |
| Alkaloids | 6.1 |
| Mercury and its acetates and many other derivatives | 6.1 |
| Any alkalis | 8 |
| Perchloric acid | 8 |
| Sulfuric acid | 8 |
| Acetic acid | 8 |
| Phosphoric acid | 8 |
| Sulfuric acid | 8 |
| Aviation fuel | 3 |
| Pesticides. | 5.2 |
Full list of dangerous substances for transportation you can look at
Nefteubase "Brooki" in the Krasnogvardeysky district of the city is one of the three PTK refuses and one of the largest in St. Petersburg. It is designed for simultaneous storage of 118 thousand liters of fuel. Built in the 30s of the last century, it was repeatedly modernized, the technician goes now.
The location dictates technology: the streams are the railway station, because it is precisely on rails in tanks, gasoline and diesel fuel come with refinery to the city. At the same time, the oilbase can take 16 railway gasoline tanks and as much diesel fuel. And this is 1,900 tons of one-time plum of petroleum products and the ability to process 128 tanks per day. Petroleum products are released in tank truck automatically.
Ai-92 caroline, AI-95, AI-98, AI-4 and EURO-5 and Euro-5 diesel fuel are stored here. Fuel from different tanks is drained into single tanks at an octane number, even if the suppliers are different, is the technology.
Verified fuel is bottled on the fuel trucks, and it is at this stage that the so-called marketing additives for the positions of AI-95 are added to the fuel, sold as "improved". The fundamentally fuel properties they do not change. By the way, adding additives to increase the octane number is illegally, in this case, gasoline or diesel will not correspond to the technical flamber.
Quality control
So far, a new, more spacious laboratory is being built on the territory of the tank farm, the quality control of petroleum products provides an old, but a good fuel testing laboratory accredited by Rosstandard. Like the refuse, it works around the clock. 18 people work here. They are connected at all stages of operation with fuel: when accepting, stored and vacation. Modern equipment (both foreign and domestic) laboratories virtually duplicates what it is on operating refineries, and allows you to determine all the indicators of gasoline and diesel engines.
1 / 3
2 / 3
3 / 3
In a separate laboratory, a pretty bulky apparatus is shown to determine the octane number of fuel worth 14 million rubles. The procedure itself is rather noisy (from here and the name "disappear into the octane") and lasts about 20 minutes. Therefore, specialists in the field of petrochemistry are skeptical to all sorts of express tests to determine the octane number - they know that the process is this time consuming and expensive.
Quality of fuel on the tank farm not lower than the 4th grade.
For a car, it is important that gasoline or wasolar inflounted in it is not lower than 3rd class or "Euro-3". The 4th and 5th grades mostly refer to environmental standards and do not affect the engine work, but on emissions.
Andrei Mikheev, leader: general director PTK
The laboratory holds mainly internal control. But here may also ask for a study any car enthusiast. Suppose the driver arises a suspicion that his car began to go worse after refueling. Thus, the control analysis will cost 4.5 - 6.5 thousand rubles, and a complete analysis of diesel fuel is from 25 to 30 thousand rubles. True, in each case the price is individual and depends on the objectives of the study.
1 / 4
2 / 4
3 / 4
4 / 4
On gas station
Coming to the gas station, the fuel truck ships its valuable cargo through the creamy neck in the fuel storage tank (their volume can reach 50 cubic meters). They are located underground. There are, by the way, gas stations that accommodate more than 200 cubic meters, but then they are already considered mini-tank farm. Each tank is signed, so it is difficult to make a mistake. The gas station operator is accurately monitored. Each time a refueling officer takes a sample of fresh fuel, it is necessary in case that the gas stations are made to the quality of the goods sold.
GOST 1510-84 establishes the rules for packaging and labeling, storage and transportation of oil and petroleum products. When applying and transporting ethyl gasolines, sanitary rules approved by the Ministry of Health regulated by the regulatory and technical documents.
For transportation, liquid fuel is caught in railway tanks and tank trucks, bunker dons, bulk vessels. Transport by all types of transport: pipeline, rail, automotive, air, sea and river. When transporting fuel oil, it is necessary to provide for the conditions for its heating in order to reduce viscosity to a level that provides the possibility of pumping and draining.
Liquid fuels of each brand should be stored in separate metal and reinforced concrete tanks, excluding atmospheric precipitation and dust entering them. The degree of filling of the tanks should be possible to maximize, since the loss of fuel depend on it. Thus, in a reservoir filled with gasoline by 90%, annual losses are 0.4%, and by 20% -13.6% of the mass of stored fuel. Guaranteed shelf life in warehouses, refunds and filling columns of automotive gasoline - 5 years from the date of manufacture, aviation - 2 years.
Each batch of petroleum products must be accompanied by a document on the quality (passport) containing the name of liquid fuel, its brand and the standard number; Name or trademark of the manufacturer, gross and net mass (and if necessary, the volume of packed petroleum products), the date of manufacture; Party number; The inscription "flammable" - for light petroleum products, the inscription "poison" - for poisonous.
The documents should also indicate the norms of quality indicators established by the regulatory and technical documentation, and the test results of this petroleum product. Petroleum products are taken by mass, which is determined by weighing, or by volume and density. After determining the mass of the oil product, it is compared with the passport specified in the invoice, check the passport and, according to all the indicators, the arrived fuel is drained into tanks. If the oil product entered without a passport (the tank number does not correspond to the number specified in the accompanying documents; the tank seals are damaged or missing; the tank is seated with the intermediate station, and not the sender station), the consignee is obliged to analyze the sample of this petroleum product in the laboratory and not expendit ) Its until the passport is design. If the quality of the oil produced is inconsistent with the standard, an act is drawn up in accordance with the established form. One test, selected from the tank with the participation of the Rail Representative, is kept by the consignee in case of arbitration analysis before the claim permission.
Gasolines are explosive, flammable and combustible liquids. In the rooms where liquid fuel is stored is required to comply with the rules of fire safety: it is strictly forbidden smoking, ignition of matches, as well as repair work under which sparks are distinguished; Storage in the warehouse of watered winds and foreign objects. Prevention should be carried out periodic inspection of electrical wiring and insulators, check the state of grounding the tanks, pipelines, the creamy and other equipment.
Liquid fuels are toxic substances and have a harmful effect on human health, they can fall into the human body through the respiratory organs and the oral cavity.
The danger of poisoning exists at all stages of production, storage, transportation and especially the use of liquid fuel. The limiting concentration in the air is strictly regulated: for a gasoline solvent, it should not exceed 300 mg / m 3; For automotive gasoline - 100 mg / m 3 and for kerosene - 300 mg / m 3. The most dangerous ethyl gasoline is most dangerous, since Tetraethylswinse is a persistent strong poison, which accumulates in the human body, in surrounding items and clothing.
For storage, reception, the release of eatellated gasoline must be allocated special containers, recessive risers, handouts, pumps and pipelines. Equipment for operations with it is painted in a bright color, which distinguishes it from the rest, with large inscriptions of indelible paint "Ethyl gasoline. Poison".
Compliance with safety rules when handling liquid fuel prevents accidents, accidents, its loss. Faces that have passed the appropriate briefing and passed the safety exam for working with liquid fuels.
Almost any business that is based on the carriage of goods with increased danger can bring good income to its owner. Every year, this niche is replenished with new entrepreneurs, and the effectiveness of the selected direction does not fall.
We also note that such a type of activity is relatively unstable, since the formation of it began in the 90s and is actively developing today.
Features of the direction
The cost of building a modern enterprise for the implementation of fuel transport is very high, and most of all attention should be paid to security. Moreover, for many, the company does not constitute problems to rent fuel trucks to carry out their needs for the transportation of products. But the business to transport fuel will develop depending on what exactly you are going to do:
- only transportation of fuel;
- buying, transporting and selling.
Also on development will affect what types of fuel you are planning to transport. If we are talking only about bright variants of petroleum products, you will have to create a limited list of permissible options with which you can deal with. But in any case, when choosing one or another option, you will have to carefully study the safety technique during the transportation of the goods. For this, a specialist will be answered, who will control all the important points of transportation.
Transportation options
In this form of business, it makes no sense to limit ourselves only to the use of road transport, here is a list of all available options for the implementation of this type of activity:
- tank trucks;
- wagons with tanks;
- tankers for moving water;
- with the help of air transport;
- even with the help of a simple passenger car, using a special container to transport.
In any case, with the help of each above the presented option, it is possible to deliver petroleum products without any problems. For example, using air transport, it is possible to quickly transport a small amount of fuel for long distances. Using wagons with tanks, you can not very quickly transport the fuel to the right place, but quite a lot more than once. In this case, the choice will depend on your wishes and market needs.
Exemplary counting
But let's consider a brief information about how much it will be necessary to invest at least to start the realization of the intended. For example, to buy one used car such as MAZ with a tank just over 23,000 liters for fuel, you will need about 1170000 rubles. And for renting premises, hiring staff and other expenses it will be necessary to have no less than 1,500,000 rubles. From now on, it will be possible to try to do business.
Regarding income, on such a car you can earn from 6,000 rubles in one transportation. But the cost must be calculated, as the distance and other nuances will affect it. If you exercise at least one carriage per day and receive more than 6000 rubles for it, then the payback of this business will be about 1 year. Well, the more cars will be at your disposal, the higher your profit will be in the final result.
Related Materials
The ABAS group of companies provides fuel transportation services in Moscow and the Moscow region. We work in strict accordance with the federal law N 259-FZ and GOST 1510-84.
Fuel and fuel transportation requires high responsibility and modern technical equipment carrier. The requirements of the Federal Law N 259-FZ and GOST 1510-84 provide for a number of compliance, without which transport companies cannot be allowed to transport light petroleum products, dark petroleum products and other types of flammable and combustible liquids.
Requirements for transportation of petroleum products by road:
- Tanks must be painted in bright orange, red or in bright native corporate colors.
- The road train must be equipped with flashing beacons working during the movement of loaded transport.
- Route coordination with traffic police without deviations.
- Transportation of petroleum products by road should be carried out by experienced drivers who have passed a medical examination before the flight.
- Reservoir refueling no more than 95%.
The Abas Group of Companies has many years of trouble-free experience and complies with all requirements for the carrier during the transportation of petroleum products.
Safety and responsibility for transportation of fuel
In order to fulfill the requirements of the law and the GOST, a transport company must have a number of characteristics, according to which it can be allowed to transport fuel by fuel in fuel. Moscow, as a city with extremely intense movement and high emergency danger, obliges to comply with these rules not only because of the recovers provided for by law, but in the name of the security of many people.
- Fuel transportation is carried out by modern multilayer tanks with a capacity of 2.4 to 28.4 thousand liters on the basis of a tractor not older than 2010 release.
- The machines are equipped with a GLONASS system, which allows you to track the transport of diesel fuel, dark furnace fuels and other types of fuel in real time.
- Fire trails and anti-emergency equipment of road trains are the best samples of the last generation.
- Pressure control systems and leakage prevention during the transportation of fuel and safety of the safety of cargo, machine and object.
- The system of the lower drain and fuel pumping is thought out, taking into account the convenience of partial passing unloading, which is relevant when transporting fuel vehicles for several objects within one contract.
