I made this snowmobile literally for a couple of weekends in the garage at the cottage. Although his design at first glance looks very simple, nevertheless, in deep looser or wet, it is not inferior to most snowmobiles industrial production.
A few years ago, I made a snowmobile snowmobile for my nine-year-old daughter with a self-made caterpillar from the conveyor tape and plastic water pipes as a primer. At first I had doubts about the reliability of such a caterpillar and how plastic details in the frost behave. But during a two-year-old winter operating breakdown I. strong wear The pipes did not happen. This inspired me to create a slight snowmobile for myself with the same homemade caterpillar.
Perfectly realizing that the smaller the snowmobile mass and the greater the support area of \u200b\u200bthe caterpillar, the better his permeability on loose and deep snowI tried to make the design as easy as possible.
The principle of snowmobile operation is very simple (Fig. 1). Four wheels are installed inside the caterpillar, which when moving rolls on the conveyor belt, on which the primatelates are fixed. And the drive of the caterpillage from the motor is carried out by chain through the slave shaft with special leading asterisks. I took them from the snowmobile Buran. "
With an engine from an ordinary motor-block with automatic clutch The capacity is only 6 hp quickly do not get up. Ride on the snowmobile I was not going on the rolled paths, but by loose snow, Therefore, abandoned the soft pendants of the caterpillar and skis to reduce the mass of snowmobile and simplify the entire design.
First made a caterpillar. Plastic water pipe diameter.40 mm chopped on a blank for micro-470 mm long. Then each billet saw the circular along into two equal parts.
With the help of the device shown in Fig. 2, the saw saw on the tree cut along plastic pipes for soils.
The primer attached to the conveyor belt with two furniture bolts diameter.6 mm with a large semicircular hat. In the manufacture of the caterpillars, it is very important to withstand the same distance between the soilscenes, otherwise they will run "to the teeth of the leading stars and the caterpillar will begin to slip and slide from the rinks.
For drilling in the conveyor tape holes for fastening bolts diameter.6 mm I made a conductor. The holes in the ribbon drilled the drill on a tree with a special sharpening.
Using such a conductor, 6 holes can be drilled in the conveyor tape at once for the attachment of the three cargoes of the caterpillar.
In the store I purchased four inflatable rubber wheels from the garden trolley, two leading stars from the snowmobile "Buran" and two closed bearing №205 for the leading shaft of the caterpillars.
Make the drive shaft of the caterpillar and bearings for bearings I asked Tokary. The snowmobile frame made 25x25 mm square pipes.
Since the axis of the turns of the turn of the skis and the steering wheel are on the same line and in the same plane, you can use a continuous steering craving without ball lugs.
Ski rotation bushings are made easy. For the front transverse frame of the frame, I welded water clutches with an internal thread 3/4 inches. They screwed up the nozzles with the outer thread, to which the welding was attached to the collar of the ski rack.
I recommend using skis from the children's snow scooter "Argomak". They are easier and more elastic, but they need to install corners for fastening to a swing rack of a snowmobile and a metal sublica from below - for better management Snowmobile when driving in an imagination or rolled snow.
Adjusting the tension of the chain takes place due to the engine offset.
Snowmobile control is very simple. With increasing engine speed, the gas handle, located on the steering wheel, turns on automatic centrifugal clutch And the snowmobile begins to move. Since the estimated snowmobile speed is small (only about 10-15 km / h) and depends on the density of snow, the snowmobile brakes are not equipped. It is enough to reduce the engine turnover and the snowmobile stops.
I will share a few tips, which, when repetition, this design may be useful.
1. The pipe for the tracks I cut along the manual circular saw on the tree first on the one hand, then on the other. So it turns out to be even than to immediately cut both walls. More convenient to handle small blanks. If you immediately cut along a long tube, then in this case the plastic will melt and the saw disk will climb.
2. Caterpillars can do any width. And each constructor has the right to choose what is more convenient for it: make a wide, but short caterpillar or narrow and long. Just remember that with a big caterpillar, a snowmobile will be poorly controlled and the engine loads more, and with a small in a loose deep snow he may fall.
3. On some of my photos, it can be seen that there are plastic "barrels" inside the caterpillar. " These are the guides of the stops for the Scolation, which must prevent the caterpillars from the rinks. But in the process of exploitation of a snowmobile caterpillar and without Scolation did not slip from the rinks, so "barrels" can not be installed, which will reduce the mass of the snowmobile.
4. At the end of winter, I completely disassembled a snowmobile to determine its weight. The weight of his individual nodes was like this: a caterpillar - 9 kg;
presenter assembly - 7 kg; Two pairs of wheels with axes - 9 kg; Engine and steering wheel - 25 kg;
a pair of skis - 5 kg;
rama -15 kg;
double seats with racks - 6 kg.
Total weighs 76 kg together.
The weight of some details can be reduced. Nevertheless, the weighting rate for a snowmobile with the caterpillar of this size is quite satisfactory.
The geometric dimensions of my snowmobile are as follows: the length of the snowmobile frame - 2 m; The distance between the axes of the support wheels (rinks) is 107 cm; The width of the caterpillars - 47 cm. The step of the carriage of the caterpillar depends on the thickness of the transport ribbon and it is necessary to pick it up with an experienced way (I got 93 mm).
I do not bring the exact size and drawings of the snowmobile details, as everyone who will gather repeat the design, will focus on those details and components that can be purchased or making themselves.
Single-sized snowmobiles
The overwhelming majority of snowmobiles are currently manufactured according to the "Two Ski Ski / One Caterpillar Footage" scheme. With this scheme, the snowmobile relies on three points located in the triangle. First of all, such a scheme has optimal stability. The one-scenario scheme allows you to create effective snowmobiles for a variety of purposes. The design of a one-scenario snowmobile is a pledge of relatively low weight, the correct mass distribution, repair accessibility of all main nodes.
When designing such snowmobiles, constructors are provided with several main tools that determine the balance of snowmobile quality:
The width of the caterpillar is a decrease in the width of the caterpillar contributes to increasing controllability and maneuverability, reduces the dependence of the snowmobile from longitudinal irregularities. Increase - improves permeability. At the moment, most of the one-sized snowmobiles are available with a standard width of the caterpillars of 15 inches (381 mm), or with a wide track (it is Widetrak) 20 inches wide (508 mm). Recently, the most popular caterpillar becomes popular - 24 inches (610 mm). The use of an ultra-wide caterpillar allows the closest to approach the patency to a two-metering snowmobile.
Wide caterpillars until recently were a lot utilitarian snowmobiles. But lately, intermediate models have appeared on the market - combining comfort of tourist snowmobiles with the presence of a wide, and even superwatch, caterpillars.
- Caterpillary length - a decrease in the length of the caterpillar contributes to increasing controllability and maneuverability. Increase - improves permeability. In the technical data of snowmobiles, the length of its complete circle is always given, as a rule it is 3000-4000 mm. The support surface of the caterpillar does not exceed the third of this length.
- Weighing - that is, the distribution of the total mass of a snowmobile between skiing and caterpillar. An increase in the share of load per skis - increases handling. On this path, they go when designing cross-country and tourist models, for which the permeability of deep snow is secondary quality. The increase in the load on the caterpillar in the aggregate with an increase in its size displays the priority towards the passability.
Snowmate mass primarily depends on its type. The weight of most utilitarian and tourist snowmobiles is about 300 kg. Sports - Cross and Mountains weigh 200--250 kg.
AT last years Designers began to pay increased attention to a reduction in mass. Many new models are designed "from pure sheet", they are embodied by the most modern technical solutions, including lightweight materials are widely used, some nodes are excluded from the design, the whole design is optimized, the possibilities of using smaller structural elements are widely used due to reduced load on them. .
A significant reduction in mass allows you to offer a new product:
- rising snowmobile's passability without sacrifice other qualities;
- New opportunities are opening up - the driver's weight allows much stronger to influence a lighter snowmobile;
- Snowmobile rise manually when pulling it no longer requires the limit voltage of the forces.
Ski track in most modern snowmobiles depends rather from the suspension design. For models with a candle suspension, it is about 950 mm, for models with lever - about 1050 mm. These values \u200b\u200bare engineering compromise, since each type of snowmobile has factor limiting its excessive decrease or increase. By general ruleThe increase in the rut improves the stability and control of the snowmobile. But at the same time, it limits the possibility of active snowmobile control - the driver becomes more difficult to tilt the snowmobile with its own weight when turning turns, when moving across the slopes. On many models there is the ability to adjust the gauge depending on the preferences of the owner.
Since, with a one-scenario scheme, all three support points are significantly spaced at the corners of the triangle, it allows you to equip a snowmobile with long-time efficient suspensions.
Two-tech snowmobiles
Despite the fact that formally, two-dimensional snowmobiles are also three points - one ski in front and two caterpillars from behind - physics of their movement differs significantly from those in one-scenario snowmobiles.
Two caterpillars are located in parallel, with a minimum distance between them - which is necessary to install the gearbox and fastening the suspension. When using a 15-inch width caterpillars (381 mm), the overall width of the propulsion is about 850 mm. This allows you to create narrow snowmobiles (the width of the "burana" is 900 mm).
Installation on them is two caterpillars, and not one appropriate width, caused by the speedy technological and layton requirements. In addition, during the development of two-satellite snowmobiles, the caterpillars were considered a replaceable element. Replace one narrow caterpillar when it is damaged easier and cheaper than widespread.
Divorous snowmobiles have a special balance of qualities associated with stability, namely:
- It is noticeably sensitive to one-scenario snowmobiles to longitudinal irregularities. It is very difficult to move along the slope. A wide support surface does not allow the driver to effectively influence its sustainability of its own weight;
- The relatively narrow width of the support part gives it an advantage in certain cases. For example, when driving on a dumpling dirt road, which is often difficult on snowmobiles with two skiing, which lose stability, falling by one of the ski in a rut;
- With an insufficient width of a smooth reference surface (for example, at the crossroads of college roads), two crawler Snowmobile On the contrary, it can be very fallen.
It is a specific ruling that does not allow the long-time tracks of tracks on two-tech snowmates - otherwise, when transverse slope, the roll will only increase. The suspension used is designed for depreciation of small irregularities.
Since the caterpillar area carries the overwhelming part of the load and has a multipoint suspension, the steering ski does not have a constant load. The result of this is non-linear, mostly low, handling. It strongly depends on a large number of factors that determine how much skiing stands below the track plane (load placement, caterpillar suspension status, skis suspension status and rows of others), as well as from the road profile.
About the release at the present one of the foreign manufacturers of models with two caterpillars is unknown. Snowmobile Alpina Sherpa and the BRP SKI-DOO ELITE snowmobile are discussed separately - a number of characteristics do not allow them to be attributed to classic two-metering snowmates.
In our market at the moment, two domestic models are currently represented by two domestic models:
- Snowmobile "Buran"
- Snowmobile MVP-500
In addition, most of the "self-delicacies" builds their snowmobiles on a two-metering scheme, or with a single supporting caterpillar of the corresponding width.
The main advantages of two metering snowmobiles:
- A two-tech design by definition provides a maximum support surface and, accordingly, the minimum specific pressure. This allows them to demonstrate exceptional permeability of deep snow;
- Small width;
- The presence of one ski in the center combined with a wedge-shaped nasal part allows you to go to the woods in the woods to be free, it is excluded that the situation is distinguished between the trees, when the tree falls between two skis.
These qualities make two-metering snowmobiles very attractive for those who have to ride a lot in Taiga.
Remembering the history of creating a homemade snowmobile, realized how long my passion for the design of technology began. Another youth (and now I am already a pensioner) received a specialty for a mechanic and mastered my own welding case, other specialty metalworking. But the knowledge of the design, to tell the truth, "boast" could not, and indeed learn. He built on the host of all sorts of "diamonds" on wheels and caterpillars: went on them and off-road, and in the snow, but no reliability, no beauty in them.
But at the beginning of 1988, "model director" came out, in which there was an article about a snowmobile "Caterpillar around Ski". That's where it began!
We have such a place that snowproof lies for half a year and even more! Local roads are clean, as a rule, not on time, and so that only an all-terward truck can pass. Well, there is nothing about parcels. In addition, I had hobbies: hunting and fishing. That's all this and came to make a good sweaty snowmobile.
Built for myself, helped friends, native, gained experience. Constantly improved the design "According to the Evolution laws": replaced heavily - on a slight, unreliable - on a strong, introduced suspension: Spring, spring, shock absorbers. Total built more than a dozen snowmobiles: on caterpillars with wooden and polyethylene cams around Ski bipiz; rubber with rollers block; and with one control ski, and with two.
story will be negotiated about the last sink. I can not say that it does not have drawbacks, but in his design I invested all the accumulated experience and the car turned out, it seems that, successful, although without excesses (or, as they say, is utilitarian), but it looks good, and reliability on height.
The snowmobile layout is chosen the most common, as on the similar domestic carsand foreign ones: two front controlled skis; Power unit, located in front of the hood; Next - a caterpillar block, and over it the seat and behind - the trunk. The total snowmobile length is 2300 mm, the width of the outer edges of the ski of 900 mm, height before the steering wheel - 1000 mm, to the seat - 700 mm.
1 - controlled ski (2 pcs.); 2 - controlled ski suspension (2 pcs.); 3 - arc (pipe Ø32); 4 - hood (from the side trailer of the "Java" motorcycle); five - windshield; 6 - steering wheel; 7 - fuel tank (welded from two mopeds); 8 - seat; 9 - instrumental box; 10 - trunk fence (pipe Ø16); 11 - mudguards (steel sheet S0,5); 12 - spring shock absorber suspension of tensioning pendulum levers of the caterpillar block (2 pcs.); 13 - headlights; 14 - Crawler Block
1 - Lower spar (pipe 28 × 25, 2 pcs.); 2 - upper spar (pipe 20 × 20, 2 pcs.); 3 - M-shaped body fastening bracket support Bearing Extension of the output tree power aggregate (pipe 28 × 25); 4 - under-oblique interlayer rack (pipe 20 × 20); 5 - removal (pipe 28 × 25.2 pcs.); 6 - the bearing plate of the steering shaft glass (steel sheet S3); 7 - a glass of steering shaft (pipe Ø32); 8 - steering column (pipe Ø32); 9 - arc stand, 2 pcs.); 10 - Seasoned frame (tube Ø20); 11 - Seasoned Stand (Pipe Ø20); 12 - the strain of the instrumental box (steel corner 20 × 15); 13 - Woven bracket attachment of the caterpillar block and caterpillar tension (2 pcs.); 14 - Bracket (pipe 20 × 20, 2 pcs.); 15 - half-third of the trunk platform (pipe 20 × 20); 16 - Mounting UCH rear shock absorber (steel S4,2 pcs.); 17 - trunk semi-grade boom (pipe 15x 15.2 pcs.); 18 - Plug of the lower spar (pipe 28 × 25.2 pcs.); 19 - traverse (pipe 28 × 25); 20 - cross-either (pipe 28 × 25); 21 - cross-column suspension (pipe Ø16); 22 - Motor subframe (pipe 28 × 25); 23 - tie-support (steel plate); 24 - crossing the lower spars (pipe 28 × 25); 25 - screed lock of the fuel tank; 26 - longitudinal element of the seat niche (pipe 20 × 20.2 pcs.); 27 - Pokworn sleeve (cycling, reinforced, 2 pcs.); 28 - Schroke Schwerny (pipe 20 × 20, 2 pcs.)
Under the hood:
a - view of the right; b - view of the left
Power unit (engine, clutch and transmission box in one block) - Tula 200m manufactured by TMZ (Tula Machine-Building Plant). He was put on any motorcycle produced in Tula: scooters (including in the cargo "ant), motorcycles, etc. The unit is quite reliable, although it is heavy.
The power of the new motor was 11 hp. With the number of revolutions up to 3600 per minute. But he is already not one ten years old. However, the forces are eight-nine, according to my feelings, it is still preserved in it. Engine working volume 196 cm3, two-stroke and operates on low-octane gasoline mixtures with motor Oil (Type "Autol") in a ratio of 10: 1.
The cylinder is equipped with regular coercive air cooled.
Gearbox has gear ratio 2,353.
To transmit rotation from the secondary (output) shaft on the helmet of the drive shaft, it was necessary to make a welded extension from the pipe with slot tips. At one end, the inner slots are cut directly in the pipe (to attach the extension to the shaft). On the other - external slots for the adapter, planting place Under the bearing and the thread M20x1.5 for fastening on the extension of the stars, performed on the welded tip.
Rating forward, I note that the exact same tip is welded to the drive shaft of the caterpillars, which is made of stretching rear axis Caterpillars from the snowmobile "Buran".
Snowmobile frame - spatial, cooked from steel pipes of rectangular, square and round sections.
The base of the frame is two paired tubular spars - upper and lower. The top spar of each pair is made of a pipe with a cross section of 20 × 20 mm. Of the same pipes and most of the auxiliary elements: intermediate crossbars, sores and even the rear frame of the luggage site. Lower spars - from the pipe with a cross section of 28 × 25 mm - this is the thick pipe in the frame design. From the same pipe, front traverse, front crossbars and consoles, the upward ridge.
It must be said that the pipes frame - the cross section of a small and not even fat-walled. Therefore, in places where the holes drilled, the bushings inserted in them and welded in a circle.
The add-in frame (rack, arc) is made of a round tube with a diameter of 20 mm - from old chairs, thin-walled, but strong enough. But it was difficult to weld them, but if it is done with a semi-automatic apparatus, the process is much easier. The trunk frame under the seat, as well as the framework of the median part of the site, from the equal 15-mm corner. Between these frames, I lay down long-term things, such as skiing. The steering column - from the pipe with a diameter of 32 mm - built into the front of the superstructure. Sleeve swivel kkworn Cut from cycling frames and welded to the ends of traverses. In the frame are also integrated (welded to the rear ends of the lower spars) brackets of caterpillar tension knots. The same brackets serve also in places of attachment to the frame of the bearings of the balancing shaft of the caterpillars. In addition, numerous ears are welded to frame elements, eyelashes for the installation of a power unit, fuel tank, seats, shock absorbers, etc.
1 - extension cord; 2 - Tip for the nozzle on the shaft; 3 - Tip for the drive gear
1 - caterpillar; 2 - drive gear wheel caterpillar (2 pcs.); 3 - a node of the drive shaft of the caterpillars; 4 - springs (2 pcs.); 5 - Balance Block Bracket (2 pcs.); 6 - Tension axle pendulum lever (2 pcs.); 7 - tension gear wheel caterpillar (2 pcs.); 8 - reference roller (10 pcs.); 9 - extreme trolley (2 pcs.); 10 - middle trolley; 11 - axis of the balancing unit; 12 - supporting rink (2 pcs.); 13 - housing with the bearing axis of the balance block (2 pcs.); 14 - Spring mount bracket to the axis of the balancing unit (2 pcs.)
The tracked block (more precisely is its longitudinal half) borrowed from the old industrial snowmobile "Buran". Why half? Yes, because, first of all, is easier. Secondly, the costs and simply design. Well, thirdly, it was assumed to ride not in a snowy virgin, but in the footsteps of "pioneers".
However, in combination with a couple of fairly wide ski, the snowmobile confidently overcomes deep drifts, and freshly fallen "muffles".
The extreme trolleys are redesigned - the springs are removed, and the bushings are cooked with each other, as the carts balance themselves, sitting on their axis at the ends of the springs.
Transferred and caterpillar tension knot. The front ends of its pendulum levers are sitting on a common axis with a spring balancing knot, and the rear is suspended on homemade spring shock absorbers to the frame.
Snowmobile propulsion - a rubber caterpillar width of 380 mm (on "Buran" there are two of these). The drive of the caterpillar is carried out from the drive shaft through a pair of 9-teeth "Buranovsky" of the heading wheels. Drive shaft - tubular. As noted earlier, it is made from the back tracked "Buranovskaya" axis, installed in 80205 bearings, the housings of which are attached directly to the upper frames of the frame. Tension of the caterpillar is carried out by tensioning with gear wheels (the same, as the driven) after a couple of pendulum levers, planned on the axis of the balancing truck (moving its bearings along the frames of the frame). The caterpillar stretch shaft (or rather - the axis, since this item does not transmit torque) with gear wheels, too, "Buranovsky". The contact of the caterpillars with an expensive length - a little more than a meter.
Previously, the drivers built with a reference skillet. They are good on the "Pukhl" snow and snowdrifts, but very sensitive to solid irregularities of the road. From them - not only is transmitted to the driver discomfort, but there are breakdowns of the tracks and even the Scolation itself. Therefore, this time I decided to make a propeller with a rubber caterpillar and support rollers, as it assumed to ride the rolled snow and even ice.
Snowmobile transmission, which is called, it does not happen easier, although not without raisins. It consists of a single-stage chain transmission from the "IZH" motorcycle in 15.875 mm with a pair of stars: the presenter has 15 teeth, driven - 21, that is, the gear ratio is 1.6. The secondary (output) shaft of the power unit is lengthened by the pipe with the inner slots on the shaft on the shaft and the slot tip on the other. The free end of the extension agent is installed in the 80205 bearing, the housing of which is fixed on the M-shaped bracket, welded to the frame. On this tip through the adapter with the internal and external slots put the leading chain transmission starf. The driven star is planted (also through the slotted adapter) on the slotted tip of the drive shaft of the caterpillars. Adapters made from gear: calved, focused, spinned. Thanks to the slotted adapters of the stars (and, consequently, the gear ratio) is easy to change even in field conditions under road conditions (More precisely, under the density and depth of snow cover).
Snowmobile controlled skiing - homemade, 900 mm long (blank - 1000 mm) and 200 mm width. Made of steel sheet 2 mm thick. Stamped pollows: in the middle - triangular groove, and along the edges - grain-grains, underground bent up (contact surface with snow - 800 mm). The longitudinal ribs of the stiffness of the P-shaped section were welded from above, and the ears and eyeles for fastening the suspension knots are welded, and there are ahead of the 3-mm rod ahead.
Each ski has a suspension consisting of a shock absorber (from the "Tula" motorol) and the self-made lever from the square of the square section 20 × 20 mm.
Steering - mixed type. The steering wheel itself is a motorcycle lever, and the rest is like a car. The steering shaft is a "turning" with a cardan hinge and even a kind of steering mechanism. "The turning point" did it because he did not enter the "parallel" with a pivot sleeve (and in general, straight shaft is better). It should be noted that the lower end of the shaft structurally turned out to be ahead of the swivel levers and the tag, and the sump is directed backwards. With this position, when turning the right, the steering wheel was needed to turn left, and vice versa, which contradicted common sense. Therefore, I had to enter the steering mechanism, which serves to coordinate the rotation of the steering wheel and the direction of skis. The mechanism is a pair of identical gear in the case. The leading gear by means of a slotted connection is attached to the end of the steering shaft, and the shaft of the driven gear is connected (welded, although this node is expedient and it is not difficult to make it too collapsible) with a T-shaped compound. From the bump through the steering thrust and swivel fists, the ski turn is simultaneously turning into the same direction, which steering wheel rotate.
Equipment. The fuel tank is welded from two tanks from the mopeda "Riga".
The seat - from the Minsk motorcycle is mounted on racks with a dryluminous sheet. Under the seat is a tool box, and between the drawer and the floor - a free niche with a hole behind. She lay in her if necessary for skiing, shovel and other long items. The hood is the redesigned front of the stroller (side trailer) of the Java-350 motorcycle. Electrical equipment regular. Headlight - from the Minsk motorcycle.
1 - poloz; 2 - amplifier; 3 - a handling; 4 - Introduction of the shock absorber; 5 - Cutting the lever
1 - steering wheel (cycling); 2 - the upper knee of the steering shaft; 3 - Bracket support for the top knee of the steering shaft (setting); four - cardan hinge; 5 - steering column; 6 - the lower knee of the steering shaft; 7 - the clamp of the slotted connection of the lower knee and the shaft gear; 8 - leading shaft gear; 9 - slave shaft gear; 10 - Cup; 11 - bay axis and steering; 12 - tie Rod (2 pcs.); 13 - tip of adjustment of the length of the steering thrust (2 pcs.); 14 - locknight 15 - steering lever (2 pcs.); 16 - axis of thrust and lever (2 pcs.); 17 - rounded fist (2 pcs.)
1 - receiving nozzle; 2 - body; 3 - silencer; 4 - exhaust pipe
1 - drawn; 2 - cross; 3 - Bracket-Ushko (2 pcs.); 4 - thrust (2 pcs.); 5 - ski (2 pcs.); 6 - body; 7 - Rack (10 pcs.)
Sanki trailer - homemade. I believe that it is better to have small sledges than a big trunk on a snowmobile: if somewhere stuck, then sledges can be chopped up, the way to protruding and attach again. The body was once a hull of the side trailer of the Motorcycle "Java-350", or rather what remained from him after the manufacture of the hood for the snowmobile itself. His rooted, cutting around 200 mm in the middle. Then I slag the front and rear parts with exhaust ripples. Under the body posted a few cross-line from the pipe of a rectangular section of 40 × 20 mm, one of the wide walls of which left as the ears at both ends. The ears attached to the sidewalls of the body with exhaust ripples.
The body is mounted on skis from aluminum panels of the electrocontruction by means of tubular squares of a square section 20 × 20 mm. Racks at the top are welded to crossbars with ears and below - to "heels" - steel square plates with a thickness of 2 mm. "Heels" rushed to the clam of skis all the same exhaust ripples.
I want to note that the drawings of the nodes are working, and familiarizes: some are not all sizes (for example, frames), somewhere can not coincide, as the drawings were made on the finished design.
But in general, I believe that the manufacture of the design according to the drawings is already production, and not creativity.
V.Sirnov, P. Syava, Nizhny Novgorod region.
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During the cold weather, transport on two wheels becomes irrelevant, and sometimes impossible to drive on the snow-covered expanses even by car. What to do in a situation if there is no money for the purchase of a more adapted to the harsh winter of transport?
In this case, you can make a homemade snowmobile. Winter vehicles most often equipped with a caterpillar drive, the steering skis are installed in the front. Snowmobile has high passability, light weight (70-80 kg), which allows him to ride both valuable snow and on the rolled snow-covered roads. It is easy to control this vehicle, and the developing speed is small. So ride on a snowmobile in the winter, this is not only convenient, but also safely.
Features of homemade snowmobiles
Sale snowmobiles in the CIS are engaged in a huge number of companies. But the prices of them are high even for families with decent income. If you do not want to overpay the money for advertising and are a hardworking and creative person, then try to make a homemade snowmobile.
The self-propelled self-propelled hand is 7-10 times cheaper than the cheapest models manufactured by the factory.
The success of the personnel production of snowmobile depends on several factors:
- your personal skill;
- your engineering thinking;
- the presence of parts and aggregates from other snowmobiles, motorcycles and other things.
It should be borne in mind that driving on a snowmobile, as in any vehicle, conjugate with increased danger. Despite the fact that homemade devices are usually not able to develop speed more than 15 km / h, to the quality of parts, to welding, to the fastening of elements bolts should be approached with all seriousness. The issue of operational safety and reliability of the final unit must be the main one for any person who has intent to make a snowmobile with their own hands.
Training
Before proceeding with the production of snowmobile, you need to calculate the main parameters of the device. If you are a little constructor engineer, it is appropriate to make the drawing of the unit. In principle, all snowmobiles are arranged equally and simple. Your task is to make a reliable apparatus according to the sample and the likeness of all other versions of this vehicle class.
What will be required for manufacture:
- Pipe for frame, for suspension and other frame elements.
The experimental method found that the optimal diameter of the pipe was 40 mm. If you use a profile, then 25 x 25 mm will be enough. Wall thickness - 2 mm. With smaller parameters, the stability of the apparatus to deformities will be reduced. At large - the machine is lost, which, accordingly, will affect the already not brilliant driving characteristics.
- Wheels with rubber on the axis.
Wheels are suitable from quad bikes (small models with a wheel diameter of 30-40 cm), some carts, etc. A total of 2 axes with 2 wheels each.
- Wedge belts or conveyor belt.
The main element of the "caterpillars". The optimal thickness is 3 mm. This is enough for stability and wear resistance.
- PVC pipes.
Of these, soils are made - the second element of the "caterpillars". The optimal diameter of 40 mm with a wall thickness is 5 mm.
- Motor installation.
As a rule, an engine, a carburetor, fuel tank from a motorcycle is used.
- Transmission mechanism.
As a rule, the stars and a chain from a motorcycle, star from snowmobiles are used. Lead shaft from any unit suitable for dimensions.
- Ski guides.
Optimally to take skis from another snowmobile. Since this element should be the most reliable designed for the load of the aggregate itself, plus a driver and possible passengers.
- Steering wheel.
As a rule, the steering wheel from the motorcycle is used, respectively, with a gas handle and a cable.
- Platform, seat, body.
In principle, you can do without a platform, consolidating the seat (s) and the body (optional) directly on the frame. But sometimes there is an additional platform on the frame, for example, from wooden boards, which provide minor depreciation, allow you to place several seats, and at the same time we melt the design.
- Shock absorbers.
This element makes an additional complexity in the design. Therefore, they often cost without it, especially if it is supposed to ride the snow. Depreciation is installed on the front suspension and driver seat. You can take from the old snowmobile or from a motorcycle.
- Small parts.
In addition to those listed above, other standard parts will be required to make a snowmate: bolts, studs, nuts, hinges.
How to make: instruction
First, the frame is boiled - frame. Obviously, the greater the larger the frame, the harder it will turn out the device and the slower it will move. The optimal length of the frame is 2 m plus / minus.
On the frame consistently recorded:
- presenter shaft with host agent;
- power plant with transmission star and gas tank;
- front wheel axis (motionless mounting to frame with welding or bolts);
- rear wheel axis (attached fixed with the help of a moving guide element);
- front suspension with steering wheel construction and guide skiing (skiing);
- seat (s) and body.
Caterpillars are made from drive wedge belts or conveyor belt. The optimal width of the caterpillars is from 40 to 50 cm. With a smaller width (40), the snowmobile will be more maneuveren and better manage. With a larger (50+), the passability of the device improves.
The function of the soils is performed by the PVC pipes indicated above the diameter in half. They are attached to a rubber basis with the help of bolts and nuts. Insufficient width, wedge belts can be fastened with each other with metal primers.
In order to be able to adjust the tension of the caterpillar cloth, the rear wheel axis is attached using a movable guide element, which allows to fix the position of the axis in a certain position.
Additional comments:
- The center of gravity must have about the construction center. Since the power plant is fastened ahead, the driver's seat should be shifted to the center over the front axle or a bit offset.
- The distance between the leading shaft and power installation It should be minimal to minimize the loss of energy transmitted to the shaft.
- If you install a shock absorber under the seat, the front support of the seat is attached to the profile arc hard, and the seat rests on the shock absorber.
- If you make a snowmobile with a calculation on a large load, then it is advisable to set an additional ski of the base for removing part of the weight from the caterpillars (between two tracks). This ski, a long 50-70 cm, is attached directly to the frame. However, such a design assumes a more accurate preliminary calculation, followed by alignment of the height of the "legs", which complicates the production of a snowmobile.
- In the snowmobile tires it is desirable to maintain low pressure to avoid fast wear of parts and high expellation Fuel.
The considered snowmobile option is the easiest of construction. In the presence of tools, the welding machine, it can be assembled in the garage without problems.
Picture Clicalabelna
Snowmobile is a motorized sleigh, driven by a motor similar to a motorcycle engine. Control snowmobile with steering handles connected with skiing in front.
On the steering wheel there is a drive throttle valve (Gas lever) and brake lever that allow you to control the speed and braking machine. Instead rear wheels She has a solid rubber tape of the tracked type. The tape associated with the engine with the transfer mechanisms, chain and belt, promotes a snowmobile (drawing at the top).
Snowmobiles are very mobile and twisted. They not only can move at a speed of more than 85 miles per hour, but also to climb the slopes with a steepness of 65 degrees. However, the middle class machine is able to overcome the raises are not cooler 20 degrees. Snowmobiles can travel via expanses that are not available ordinary cars. Therefore, they are often used to deliver goods and any help in harsh districts, where there are few roads and a lot of snow. But most often people use snowmobile just for entertainment.
How snowmobile rides snow
The pistons of the snowmobile engine rotate the primary clutch. Further, the belt transmission transmits this rotation to the secondary grip that sits on intermediate shaft. To far end intermediate Vala The chain is attached, and it already rotates the axis of two leading gear drums. These drums are included in the sockets of the solid rubber tape of the snowmobile. Rotating, drums pull the ribbon ahead. The transmission mechanism of this car is designed so that, depending on the speed of its movement, snow cover and the type of locality, the amount of energy transmitted to the tape is changing. Permanent response to all changes (by means of transmission that can continuously change) makes driving on a snowmobile very smooth.
Rouulation when driving in the snow
When rotating the handle of the steering wheel clockwise, the skis rotate to the right, when rotating counterclockwise - left.
