How to delete the crankshaft with the flywheel in the garage conditions. Balancerial shaft Dynamic crankshaft balancing

Balancing the crankshaft, if it is performed in the conditions of the garage, it may be necessary for those who wish to study their car to the most and incredulously applies to the specialists of the car service. Next, we will look at some nuances with which you may encounter, doing this issue.

Why do you need crankshaft balancing?

As one of the main parts of the engine internal combustion It has a significant impact on other elements of the system, therefore, to reduce vibrations and other mechanical loads, a mechanical operation called balancing is performed. As a result, reliability, productivity and performance of the crankshaft increase. Naturally, in carrying out this operation, quite well-worked mechanisms need, but, as practice shows, it happens that the imbalance is observed in vehicles that only purchased in the cabin.

How to understand what you have to balance crankshaftAnd is it worth rolling the sleeves? For this there are the following signs. First, pay attention to the gear gear selector at the time of the engine idling, he begins to twitch. The engine also leads, so look under the hood of your car to make sure that.

Regarding the causes of this behavior, there may be several of them. Not excluded, in fact, such a banal version as admitted errors during the manufacture of conjugate parts at the factory. The inhomogeneous composition of the materials from which the elements of the crankshaft are performed does not produce. The conjugate nodes may increase the gaps, which leads to the appearance of a backlash. The inconsistency of the placement of parts, poor-quality installation and insufficient centering is also the causes of the oliveness of the crankshaft. But it is not necessary to bypass the face and the natural wear of the crankshaft, which has never had a positive effect on the life cycle of the part.

Where to delete crankshaft?

There are two methods for balancing the crankshaft.

1. The static method is less accurate. In this case, special knives are applied, for which the item is stacked. The crankshaft begins to rotate, and in its position at this moment determines the degree of imbalance. If the upper part of the ground is less than the lower, then the weights are attached to it and measurement, feeding as equilibrium reach. And only after that, on the opposite side, the holes for the counterweight are drilled.

2. The method of dynamic balancing of the crankshaft. To implement it, you need to take advantage of special equipment. The crankshaft is attached to the floating bed and is spinning to the necessary revolutions. The light beam, directed to the crankshaft, scans him and finds the most heavy point provoking shaking. Next it is displayed. To achieve a balance, you need to do a little - get rid of excess weight At this point.

Balancing crankshaft at home

Often balancing the crankshaft at home is performed with a flywheel. You also need to determine the most difficult point. This can be done as follows: Install two plates in the form of the letter "T", put the detail on them along the level and on top. When the crankshaft is imbalance, it will start sliding until its most severe point is from below. Thus, the area in which the place is located from which it is necessary to remove some metal, and it is necessary to repeat so that the full balancing is reached.

If we talk about cars that are still on warranty, it is better to resort to the modular assembly method. In this case, all elements of the crankshaft are balanced separately, and not assembly. Such a procedure is better to entrust good experts, After all, the guarantee is what is given only once, and it is not necessary to neglect. Remember that the place of the crankshaft balancing is not so important; The main thing is that this procedure significantly increases the resource and power. power aggregate And in the whole car.

Crankshaft, being one of the most important constructive elements The power unit of any car is produced using sufficiently complex technologies. The inevitability of the presence in this process of technological tolerances and errors, as well as the heterogeneity of the materials used in combination with the gaps in the interfacing of parts and components, is broken (albeit alone) one of its main operating conditions is balanced.

How to determine the need for a crankshaft in balancing. The main symptoms that help with a lot of confidence establish the presence of "disease", are significant fluctuations in the power unit and the gear shift lever when the car is moving in the "idle mode" mode.

And then you have to resort to the performance of such actions, which is the balancing of the crankshaft. It (balancing) is the selection of additional masses, or balancing goods, as well as the removal of metal in the planes of the location of these cargo by, diametrically opposed. These activities are manufactured in special crankshaft zones called balancing areas.

Types of kneeling balancing

Currently, two main types of balancing are used:

Dynamic, ensuring high accuracy and requiring special machines.

Static. This type of balancing is used for parts made in the form of a disc and having the following ratio of diameter (D) and length (L): D\u003e L.

Balancing a crankshaft having an asymmetrical (for example, V-shaped) execution or an odd number of cylinders is characterized by certain features, since the instant component of such shafts is high enough and can disrupt it from the fastening support.

A to avoid this will help the installation of compensators of compensators, which have twisted to one gram, on connecting rod cervix. In the absence of these parameters in the special sections of technical and operational documentation of the power unit, they are calculated discrete. For this, there are individual techniques.

The next moment requiring a sufficiently clear understanding is the definition of cases that cause the need to balancing the crankshaft:

Installing abnormal or fulfillment of facilitating activities on regular connecting rod-piston groups.

Conduct work crankshafts.

Replacing the flywheel. Here it should be noted that in this case the dynamic balancing is not always obligatory. In some cases, it is enough to fulfill the static type balancing.

So, we consider it established that the balancing of non-symmetric crankshafts, the private case of which is the V-shaped crankshaft, requires the use of compensating sleeves (often made by special order), creating imitation of the dynamic impact of similar effects of connecting rod-piston groups.

How important is the timely balancing of the crankshaft

The overwhelming majority of specialists as a response to this question are the following arguments:

About service

High-quality professional repair and balancing of the cardan shaft in Moscow and the Moscow region is carried out by Kardan-Garant on the newest certified equipment of European quality. Kardan balancing in Moscow and the Moscow region is one of the most popular operation to identify and eliminate vibration in cars. Balancing is important and needed after the production of any operations with the cardan shaft. Cutting, elongation and shortening, replacement of flanges and forks of the cardan shaft of passenger and cargo transport, replacement of shruses and crosses, replacing suspended supports, slotted compounds, restoration of the seating holes under the crosses, metal spraying and much more. And it is important to carry out the cardan balancing on certified equipment in a specialized technical center, which is obliged to issue an absolute result and provide a guarantee for all types of work. Our balancing equipment allows you to carry out a dynamic balancing of the cardan shaft with a length of more than 4500 mm and the speed of more than 5000. We can provide this service for passenger, commercial, cargo transport and special equipment. We also balancing industrial shafts from the light and textile industry, our customers have coffee companies where the balancing of crushing shafts for grains is necessary. In the textile industry, these are special shafts for applying patterns on the fabric webs, there must be a perfectly smooth surface. Even this industrial shafts are used in the printed industry. We carefully follow our equipment, we carry out mandatory prophylaxis. We try to achieve maximum quality in work. We will be glad to see you at us!


Domestic passenger 2-reference card.		2 000 rubles.
Domestic passenger 3-reference card.		2 500 rubles.
Domestic passenger 4-reference card		3 000 rubles.
A foreign car Lung 2-Support Card.		2 000 rubles.
A foreign car is a 3x reference card.		2 500 rubles.
A foreign car of the 4x-reference card.		3 000 rubles.
MB Sprinter, VW Crafter 3x-Support Card.		2 500 rubles.
MB Sprinter, VW Crafter 4x-Support Card.		3 000 rubles.
Ford Transit. 3-reference card.		2 500 rubles.
Ford Transit 4x-Support Card.		3 000 rubles.

Repair, balancing, installation
Removing the cardan shaft		from 500 rubles.
Installation of the cardan tree		from 500 rubles.
Replacement of cross		600 - 900 rubles.
Replacing suspended supports of the cardan shaft		from 700 rubles.
Replacing a slotted compound		2500 rub.
Cardan shaft pipe		from 1500 rubles.
Crusting pipe of the cardan shaft		2500 rub.
Extension of the Cardan Truck		5000 rub.
Restoration of geometry landing Flange and forks		1 500 rub.

In Kardan-Garant, ready to carry out accurate balancing of the cardan shaft for car consideration and foreign production, passenger and cargo transport, including special equipment.

When conducting these events, it is necessary to take into account the fact that the cardan transmission consists of two and more torque elements and represents a unified system that must be balancing entirely as assembled as it is installed in a particular car.

Repair and balancing cardan shafts It is carried out on modern equipment having the necessary certificates. With such tools such tools can mount cardania Weight up to three hundred fifty kilograms, which consist of two and more torque elements. On the equipment, you can balancing cargo cardans, limousines and minibuses. At the same time, the value of the rumble of the shaft can reach five thousand per minute.

If you do not make a timely kardan setting, then its vibration will increase the load on the responsible components of the machine (gearbox, box, bridge). In addition to discomfort, when driving, it can lead to the failure of the Kardan nodes, and this will already mean more expensive repairs.

Cardan shaft imbalance: causes and technology troubleshooting

Balancing of cardan shafts in Moscow should be carried out in the following cases:

at speeds from seventy kilometers per hour and above the vibration of the car begins;
during a set of speed and in the process of braking, a characteristic knock from the Cardan is heard;
after repair work related to the cardan, including after installation and dismantling;
after changing the cross and hinge of equal angular velocities.

Cardana balancing price depends on the complexity of the work and from the car brand. Among the main causes of the problem of the problem of unbalanced, the cardan should be noted as follows:

operational wear of components (crosses, suspended pores, slotted compounds);
application in repair of defective and poor-quality parts;
loss of balancing loads during the operation of the car;
sharp starts and stops vehicle;
untimely maintenance of crosses and cardan assemblies;
over-free vehicle
deformation of the rotating element as a result of external influences.

Cardana repair and balancing activities should be carried out in special workshops or technical centers, where there are necessary professional equipment. Repair work It takes no more than 2 hours, provided that they are engaged in a qualified specialist with extensive experience.

When detecting is detected, primarily diagnose and determine the exact cause of the problem. It may be in the wrong dock after independent intervention in the work of the cardan, corrosion, the separation of the balancing plate, the strain of the pipe, the backlash in the cross, and so on.

Only high-precision balancing cardan or why we?

Kardan-Garant offers to carry out high-precision cardan balancing on operational timelines. Low price for balancing the cardan shaft is not the only advantage. Among other advantages should be noted professional high-level masters, innovative equipment and efficiency.

Call us, leave applications, answer any questions that result.

Consult and give the best answer for free.

We are waiting for meetings!

Always with you, Kardan-Garant.

Unfortunately, the problems of balancing the crankshaft (flywheel, clutch baskets, dampers) are practically uncovered in affordable literature, and if anything can be found, then these are GOST and scientific literature. However, understanding and understanding what is written there requires a certain preparation and presence of the most balancing machine. This, of course, beat off the car mechanic every desire to deal with these issues from the point of view. repair of DVS. In this short article, we will try to reveal the problems of balancing from the position of an auto mechanic, without going into complex mathematical calculations and more focusing on practical experience.

So, the most frequent question occurring when repairing the engine: Do I need to carry out balancing after grinding the crankshaft?

To do this, we will show all the stages of the balancing of the crankshaft, which are performed in our company when repairing the crankshaft. As an example, take the crankshaft of the engine MV 603.973. It's inline 6 cylinder diesel engine. The permissible imbalance of the manufacturer's plant on this shaft is 100 GMM. Is there a lot or a little? What will happen if the imbalance is less or more this number? We will not consider these questions in this article, but we will describe them later. But it is safe to say that the manufacturer's factory takes these numbers not from the ceiling, but conducts a sufficient number of experiments in order to find a compromise between the allowable imbalance value for the normal operation of the engine and the cost of production to ensure this tolerance. Just for comparison, the allowable imbalance of the manufacturer on the crankshaft engine ZMZ. 406 360 GMM. To make it easier to imagine and understand these numbers, remember a simple formula from the course of physics. For rotational motion, the power of inertia is equal to:

m. - unbalanced mass, kg;
r. - radius of its rotation, m;
w. – angular velocity rotation, rad / s;
n. - Rotation frequency, rpm.

So, we substitute the numbers in the formula and accept the speed of rotation from 1000 to 10,000 rpm, we obtain the following:

F1000 \u003d 0.1x 0.001x (3.14x1000 / 30) 2 \u003d 1.1

F2000 \u003d 0.1x 0.001x (3.14x2000 / 30) 2 \u003d 4.4

F3000 \u003d 0.1x 0.001x (3.14x3000 / 30) 2 \u003d 9.9 n

F4000 \u003d 0.1x 0.001x (3.14x4000 / 30) 2 \u003d 17.55 N

F5000 \u003d 0.1x 0.001x (3.14x5000 / 30) 2 \u003d 27.4

F6000 \u003d 0.1x 0.001x (3.14x6000 / 30) 2 \u003d 39.5

F7000 \u003d 0.1x 0.001x (3.14x7000 / 30) 2 \u003d 53.8

F8000 \u003d 0.1x 0.001x (3.14x8000 / 30) 2 \u003d 70.2 N

F9000 \u003d 0.1x 0.001x (3.14x9000 / 30) 2 \u003d 88.9 N

F10000 \u003d 0.1x 0.001x (3.14х10000 / 30) 2 \u003d 109.7

All of course understand that this motor will never come to the frequency of rotation of 10,000 rpm, but this simple calculation is made in order to "feel" the numbers and understand how the balancing is important with increasing the rotation frequency. What preliminary conclusions can be made? First, you "felt" what is a 100 GMM imbalance, well, and secondly, they made sure that it is really a rather hard tolerance for this engine, And there is no need to make this tolerance tougher.

Now let's finish with the numbers and finally return to this shaft. This shaft was pre-polished and after the balancing fell to us. And these are the results we received when measuring the imbalance.

What do these numbers mean? In this figure, we see that the imbalance on the left plane is 378 GMM, and the imbalance on the right plane is 301 Gmm. That is, it is possible that the total imbalance on the shaft is obtained 679 GMM, which is almost 7 times higher than the tolerance laid by the manufacturer.

Here is a photo of this shaft on the machine:

Now, of course you will begin to blame the "crucial" grinding or a bad machine. But let's go back again to simple calculations and try to understand why it turns out. For ease of calculation, we take the weight of the shaft of 20 kg (this weight is very close to the truth for the 6 crankshaft). The shaft has a residual imbalance to be allowed 0 GMM (which is complete utopia).

And so now the grinder This shaft has stalled into the repair size. But when installing the shaft, it displaced the axis of rotation from the inertia axis of only 0.01 mm (to easier to understand - the old and the new axis of rotation did not match only 0.01 mm), and we received immediately imbalance in 200 GMM. And if you consider that the factory shaft always has an imbalance, the picture will be even worse. Therefore, those numbers that we have received are not out of a series of outgoing, but are the norm after grinding the shaft.

And if you consider that the manufacturer does not always withstand its admission, then the accusations against the grinder or the machine simply disappear. Just do not need to stand over the grinder and demand that he would exhibit the shaft with micron accuracy, all the same it will not bring the desired result. The only right output from this situation is the mandatory balancing of the crankshaft after its grinding. Traditionally, the balancing of the crankshaft is performed by drilling a counterweight (sometimes the truth has to be lost counterweight, but this is a rather rare case).

Residual imbalance on the left plane 7 GMM and 4 GMM on the right plane. That is, the overall imbalance on the shaft 11 GMM. Such accuracy was made specifically to show the possibilities of this machine and, as you realized now, there is no need to carry out such requirements when balancing the shaft after grinding. The requirements of the manufacturer's factory is quite enough. So, we finished with the shaft, and, of course, the question arises, and whether the front damper should be balanced (pulley), flywheel, clutch basket. Turn out again to the repair literature. What recommends that the same ZMZ, for example, on the permissible imbalance of these parts? On the pulley of the front with a 100 GMM damper, on the flywheel 150 Gmm, on the clutch basket 100 GMM. But there is a very important note.

All these details are balanced separately from the shaft (that is, on mandrels), and the crankshaft assembly on modern engine-building plants in the series is not balanced. That is, you understand that when installing the above parts on the crankshaft, the residual imbalance will change naturally, since the coincidence of the rotation axes is almost impossible. Below are photo data balancing details.

Again, as practice has shown, these details make a tangible contribution to the crankshaft imbalance, and, as our experience showed, the imbalance of each of this part is significantly overlaps to the residual imbalance. Thus, the figure of 150-300 GMM is the "norm" for the front pulley (damper), for the flywheel 200-500 GMM, and 200-700 GMM for the clutch basket. And this applies not only to the Russian automotive industry. As our experience has shown, about the same figures are obtained by foreign auto industry.

And there is still one more very important moment: After balancing parts separately, it is necessary to carry out balancing assembly, but it should be done at the last stage. Preliminary balancing separately is also mandatory. It is necessary for in the event that the flywheel or clutch fails, you did not have to remove the knee to rebalance.

So, that's what we get finally with balancing assembly.

Total crankshaft imbalance assembled 37 GMM.

It should be noted that the weight of the shaft assembly was about 43 kg.

But by carrying out the balancing of the crankshaft assembly, do not forget about the wave of pistons and rods. Moreover, the rods must be made not just by weight, but weighing the center of the masses, since the difference in the weight of these parts also contributes to the engine imbalance and is strictly regulated by the manufacturer.

And this, that I would like to mention in the conclusion: very many car mechanics, reading this article, will say that this is all nonsense. What they have gathered not one dozen engines, and that all of them without balancing work perfectly, and they will be right, really work. But let's remember how much I had to see the motors that worked .... When breakdown guides, with erased camshaft camshafts, with a 2-3 times cylinder plane above the norm 2-3 times, with worn cylinders of 0.3 mm, with incorrectly installed pistons, this list can be continued to infinity.

Everyone, probably, there is a couple of their examples when the engine worked contrary to all laws. Why honing cylinders, because before only sharpened and everything worked? Or: Why use Hong Brucks when you can apply a mesh with an ordinary skurt? Why "catch" these weave, because it works so? So why, following the requirements of the manufacturer, neglected by others? Just do not think that by following the balancing of the crankshaft assembly and weigh the pistons and rods, you will get a "miracle" that you will have a regular motor from a vase according to the characteristics, as a motor from the Formula 1. This will not happen. . After all, balancing is one of the bricks, which, together with the fulfillment of other repair requirements, gives you the confidence that the engine renovated by you will work out at least the resource of the new engine. And the more motorists will follow the requirements of automakers when repairing the engine, the smaller there will be motorists who believe that the engine after overhaul More than 50-70 thousand km does not work.

The only way to further reduce the vibration of the engine is balancing the unit. An in-line four-cylinder engine receives unbalanced forces that occur when the mass movement, taking into account a particular rotation frequency of the crankshaft. The magnitude of the inertia depends on the volume of internal combustion system, with increasing volume power plant Inertia increases.

The balancing shaft is installed on the row four-cylinder engines with a working volume above two liters. It is worth noting that the installation of such shafts leads to a noticeable rise in the cost of construction and is not particularly actively applied on cars even the average price segment.

Balancing shafts are put in pairs. They are often placed symmetrically on both sides of the crankshaft. The installation site of the balancing shafts most often becomes the engine crankcase so that the shafts are below the crankshaft. It turns out that the specified shafts are under the crankshaft, and the oil pan becomes the place of their installation.

Balancing shafts have a direct drive from the crankshaft. The drive sells the rotation of the balancing shafts in different directions.

The angular speed of rotation of the balancers has doubled. The drive can be performed as separately by means of a gearbox or chain transmission and constitute a set of solutions. The rolling oscillations from the rotation of the shafts themselves are quenched by the sprieve oscillation damper, which is placed in the drive asterisk of the balancing shaft.

In the process of work and, thanks to the features of the drive design, balancing shafts are subject to serious loads. The most overwhelmed bearings that are located in the opposite side of the actor. There is their rapid wear, which is manifested by additional noise and the appearance of reinforced vibrations. In the worst cases may occur drive chain. An additional disadvantage becomes the selection of the power of the engine, which is spent on the drive of balancing shafts.