Central Research Automobile and Automotive Institute (US). Association of State Scientific Centers "Science Basic Departments, Scientific Schools

After working out the resource of the car, by us C-3M, further work with pneumatic movements were continued on the dumping sample, which received the designation of the C-3MU and built on the basis of GAZ-69. The main changes in the design were reduced to the installation instead of the rear leading wheels of pneumatic drivers from us C-3M and installing more powerful engine from "Volga". In addition, due to the application of the new propulsion, it was necessary to lengthen the body ( wheelbase It was left for the same) by 55 mm, and the overall width increased by 200 mm (due to the increase in wing width). To avoid driving a car with front wheels on weakly infant soils, standard wheels have been replaced with wide rollers with full-risk tires.
Tests constructed previously articulated Nami-0106 showed that the previously selected trapezoidal form of pneumatic centers turned out to be non-optimal. The most effective was made by pneumatic meters from several isolated cameras located in parallel - each camera had its own valve, which made it possible to install different pressure in them, redistributing it along the contact spot. It is this type of three-dimensional pneumatic guns 300 mm wide was installed on us with C-3MU.

Also, we were also tested by the C-3MU, a new operating device was tested, designed specifically for the replacement of traditional steel caterpillars on serial tracked conveyors. The pneumatic caterpillar consisted of separate pneumothrakov (were made in the press forms by us in the Omsk native of the tire industry), each of which was made in the form of a closed rubber-cord shell, had a valve for adjusting the internal air pressure, two ridges and two veil into the teachings of metallic Fingers who served to connect the tracks in the tracked chain. For each pair of fingers, a metal comb was put on, in which the fingers were fixed from turning. The bending of the pneumatic caterpillars around the extreme rinks was carried out due to the twisting of the fingers in the body of the pneumothrak and the bending of the pneumothraks themselves. The width of the pneumothrak was 300 mm, the height is 80 mm, the height of the primortose - 15 mm, the height of the ridges - 55 mm, the overall length of the pneumothrak - 196 mm, the distance between the fingers is 161 mm. The number of pneumothrak in the caterpillar - 17 pcs.
Tests of a car with pneumatic caterpillars took place in the area of \u200b\u200bStupino in the Moscow region. We satisfied with the C-3MU (up to 0.6 m) and a rut (0.5 m), while the car came out of the gauze if necessary and continued the movement of the rut. The UAZ-452 attracted for comparative tests in such conditions has completely lost mobility. The all-terrain vehicle was confidently moving along a wet smelling, zhens, wet sand, rose to the sandy lift of the steepness of 22 °. Due to the metal ridges used in the design of the propulsion, the pneumatic caterpillars decays were not noted, but there was noise characteristic of ordinary tracked all-terrain vehicles, as a result of the shock entrance to the contact of the ridges with support rollers.

The level of technical perfection of pneumatic people achieved at that time did not allow them to recommend them to large-scale use on motor vehicles. But already in those days in the reports we have noted that the use of pneumatic guns, arched and wide-profile tires in national economy promises considerable economic benefits, since most of the freight in difficult road conditions It was carried out on the tracked GAZ-47 or GAZ-71, the operation of which led to unproductive waste due to the small durability of the propulsion with a metal caterpillar. For example, the use of tracked machines in the sands of Central Asia during the construction of the Bukhara-Ural gas pipeline led to a decrease in their run to 300-500 km due to the premature wear of the fingers of the caterpillars instead of the average 1500-2000 km. However, all the work in our pneumatic drivers in 1974 were minimized as not corresponding to the automotive orientation of the institute, the developments were transferred to the sectoral research laboratory of all-terrestrial machines (onylvm, previously known as the Laboratory S.V. Mukhvishnikov) at the Gorky Polytechnic Institute.

The history of this institution began on March 14, 1920, when on the basis of the scientific automotive laboratory - the cash (which was created on October 16, 1918), as the First Research Institute in the field of automotive theory and technology, with the scientific and technical department of the Supreme Council of the National Economy, A scientific automotive institute was formed - us.

In general, the history of creation and development by us is inextricably linked with the formation and development of domestic automotive industry. So, since 1924, the Institute authorized the procurement of imported vehicles, and by 1927 the first was developed independent car We are-1 (the first passenger car in the USSR).

In the 30s of the last century, the Institute became the leading design unit of the Soviet Automobile Industry. We were delivered to the production of a passenger car-2, the first domestic trolley buses, the first domestic trolleybuses were created, several models of tractors and trucks were created, for the needs of the working and peasant red army, six-member models, armored vehicles were actively developed.

In the pre-war years, in Nati (from 1931 to 1946, the Institute was called Scientific Auto Tractor Institute - NATI), Cracked Tractors SHTZ-NATI, a passenger car of a particularly small class KIM-10, gas generator plants for cars and tractors were developed. Also, in the 40s at the Institute, work was continued to create a unified family of two- and three-axle trucks with two-stroke 4- and 6-cylinder diesel engines.

In early 1946, due to the transfer of the Tractor Industry, the Ministry of Agricultural Engineering was divided into two parts. The automotive part remained under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of the Automobile Industry and was transformed into a research automobile and automotive institute - by us. The tractor part was transferred to the Ministry of Agriculture and the Allied Scientific Research Tractor Institute was organized at its base.

In the 50s, we have developed the first four-stroke unified 6 and 8 cylinder diesel engines Nami-019, which served as prototypes for Diesels of the NMIS-236 and YAMZ-238, produced by the Yaroslavl Motor Plant.

In the early 60s, new developments were supplied to the production - the gasoline engine of air cooling for cars ZAZ-965 "Zaporozhets" and the first domestic automatic hydromechanical transmission for Liaz and Ikarus buses.

At the same time, in the 60s, the famous test site was organized at the institute - the scientific test center of the automotive and motorcycle technology - NICIAMET. Being located near the city of Dmitrov, he received an unofficial name - Dmitrovsky autopoligon. Now this unit is called the research and development center for testing and improving the automotive engineering FSUE "We" (NCIAMT FSUE "We").

In 1966-1967, the Institute led the development front drive For passenger cars. In the same period, in the late 60s, we started developing automatic box Switching gear for passenger cars. True, the first front-wheel drive car began to produce serially in the USSR only in 1984, and the domestic automatic transmission For passenger cars, so far, unfortunately, serially not produced.

In the 80s of the last century, many samples of experimental vehicles were created at the institute (for example, the prototypes of Nami-0284 "debut" and we are-0288 "compact"), engines, components and aggregates prototypes of the 2000s.

In 1994, the Institute received the status of the State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation, and in 2003 the accreditation from the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology of Russia as a Test Center for Automotive Products (ICAI), which began to be a technical service with the right of testing on the UNECE rules.

On August 4, 2004, Presidential Decree No. 1009 was published, according to which we are included in the list of strategic enterprises that are important to ensure the defense and security of the state, the protection of morality, health, the rights and legitimate interests of citizens of the Russian Federation. Also, the GSC of the Russian Federation FSUE "We" is a representative of the Russian Federation in the Technical Committee 22 "Road Transport" of the International Organization for Standardization.

For almost a century-old history of the GSC of the Russian Federation, FSUE "We" passed a huge path in the field of the study of automotive science and technology of Russia. The Collective of the Institute over the years of its activities has made a significant contribution to the development of domestic automatic engineering, tractor construction, automotive and aviation engine and has a great influence on the development of science in these areas.

The result of the institution's activities in cooperation with the country's enterprises is the indisputable fact that the livelihoods and defense of the countries were provided with technician mainly domestic production.

With the direct participation of scientists and designers of the institute, almost all domestic cars, many engines and tractors, from the first cars and to powerful high-performance trucks were created and delivered to production.

The GSC of the Russian Federation FSUE "We" today is a powerful and modern research, pilot production base, which allows you to solve any task in the field of research, design, construction, development and testing of vehicles and has great potential for growth, being a modern scientific The research experimental center for the development of production for design, design and testing of automotive platforms.