Full and not quite a complete drive. What is the difference between all-wheel drive systems

To move on off-road and confidently feel in turns, you need to "row" all four wheels - this is well known. But how to pass the torque on them? Is it worth doing it constantly or only when you need and where the pitfalls lie?

The main and unchanged "acting person" of all full drive systems is a transfer box: a special unit that gets torque from the gearbox and distributes it to the front and rear axles. But the method of distribution, as well as layout schemes, there are several.

Complete drive systems are made to three types:

Permanent four-wheel drive (Full-Time)

Pros:

reliable "indiscriminate" design;
the ability to drive with a full-wheel drive both off-road and on asphalt.

4Matic Permanent Dual Drive System (Mercedes-Benz)

Minuses:

complexity compared to a rigidly connected drive;
big mass;
the complexity of the controlback setting;
increased flow Fuel.

The first thing that comes to mind when there is a task to convey the torque into two axes, is to firmly connect them to the distribution of iron pipes. But here is not enough: when turning turns, the car's wheel pass different ways.

If you rigorously connect the axes, then some wheels will go, and some kind of slip. In the mud when the coating is soft, it is unstable. During the Second World War, let's say, the legendary "jerseys" quietly went with the rigidly connected axes, because they were exploited exclusively on off-road. But if the coating is solid, then these slips will generate the twist oscillations and slowly, but correctly destroy the transmission.

Therefore, in the transfer box of cars with constant full-wheel drive is located inter-seed differential - a mechanism that distributes the power between the axes and allows them to rotate at different speeds. And if some wheel slows down, the turns of the other are increasing, but the torque falls on it.

All this is great while we are going on asphalt, and what to do, if we are stuck in the rear axle? On the front wheels, which will stand on a solid surface, will be the moment but there will be no revolutions, but the rear will rotate very quickly, but the moment on them will be small. Little will be the power on the rear wheel and exactly the same power of the differential will apply on the front. In this case, you can at least be a whole eternity - still do not shift.

For such cases, differential is supplied with lock - when it is turned on, the speed on all wheels is the same, and the moment depends only on the clutch of the wheels with the road.

Due to the presence of additional nodes (differential and lock), the entire system is obtained sufficiently heavy and complex. In addition, the permanent transmission of the moment on all the wheels increases energy loss, and therefore worsens the dynamics and increases fuel consumption.

The permanent four-wheel drive in the automotive industry is still used, although recently this system gradually displaces four-wheel drive on demand, which will be discussed further.

Hardly connected (part-time)

Pros:

reliable mechanics;
maximum simplicity at high passability.

Minuses:

on the asphalt with a full drive can not ride.

From differential and locks, you can also refuse, provided that one of the axes will be temporarily disconnected. By such logic, the system has a rigidly connected full drive.

The axes are connected to each other without differential, and the moment is distributed in a strict ratio. Consequently, high passability and minimum costs.

Part time today is almost extincted and used only on purely off-road cars. The modern driver is uncomfortable to use this system. Connect the axis only in stationary statenot to damage the mechanisms. Well, if after pokatushki in the forest, go on the highway and forget to turn off the four-wheel drive, that is, the risk to ruin the whole transmission.

Four-wheel drive with coupling

Pros:

low cost and simplicity of the device;
small mass;
the ability to fine system settings.

Minuses:

weak reliability and resistance to overload;
instability characteristics.

The hard blocking of the differential is not bad on the off-road, but how to make the full drive system dose in the dynamics? There is always different sink degree ... The decision was found in the mid-50s.

Active Torque Split AWD system for Mazda CX-7 with a multid-sized coupling instead of the mid-sieve differential

An ordinary mechanical differential was supplemented with a viscous clutch (Viscounts). Viscussoft is a part in which rows of blades associated with input and output shafts rotate in special fluid. The input and output shafts are freely rotated relative to each other, but the secret of the coupling is in the filler, which, when increasing the temperature, increases its viscosity.

With ordinary movement, light turns or slipping of the clutch wheels does not interfere with the mutual movement of the blades, but as soon as the difference in the speed of rotation of the front and rear wheels grows, the fluid begins to mix intensively and heat. At the same time, it becomes viscous and blocks the movement of the blades relative to each other. The greater the difference, the higher the viscosity and the degree of blocking.

Today, couplings are used both in diagrams with constant full-wheel drive together with mechanical differentials and independently. They are connected to the leading shaft with a distribution, and the slave with an additional axis. If necessary, when one of the axes of the buxicing, part of the moment through the coupling goes to it.

In the late designs, the couplings from the fluid refused to use driving disks that work on the same principle as friction clutch. If necessary, the electronics "presses" them and starts the transmission of the moment. Driving the dosage of the moment the car can independently, without the participation of the driver.

With all the convenience, the coupling have a number of shortcomings, the main of which is a weak endurance on a serious off-road. Drinking discs from load overheat, and the coupling goes into emergency mode. Therefore, this system is used mainly on compromise crossovers and passenger carswhere the four-wheel drive is not needed to overcome bourakov, but for better manageability.

What's next?

The further evolution of the total drive systems, apparently, will be associated with electric motors. The first electric car with the engine on each wheel shown at the World Exhibition in Paris 1900 Ferdinand Porsche. Then it was, as if said, "non-viable concept car." Motors were too heavy, and the design is expensive. Now this scheme is clearly more prospects.

There is potential and hybrid schemewhere one axis is driven by the engine internal combustion, and the second is an electric motor. However, if we talk about the real SUVs, then no power and friction couplings until they replace cheap, simple and hardy mechanics.

In today's conversation with you, let's try to choose a car drive and find out what drive is better: front, rear or complete? And relate this to winter periodand summer.

The car drive is one of its most important characteristics, so before deciding which one to choose the drive must be sorted out than the types of car drives differ from each other.

What drive: front, rear or complete?

The car drive determines which wheels the thrust of its engine is transmitted. All modern passenger cars They have four wheels - two front and two rear, while the engine power from the car can be transmitted either to all four wheels or one pair of wheels - front or rear. What difference between front, rear and four-wheel drive?

Front-wheel drive - this is when the engine is transmitted only on the front pair of wheels. The front wheels cling to the road and pull the entire car, while rear wheels Freely roll in the following.

Rear drive - this is when the engine power is transmitted only on the rear wheels. They rotate, cling to the soil and how they pushing the car forward.

Four-wheel drive - This is when the torque from the engine is transmitted on both axis of the car, that is, simultaneously to all four wheels.

At all, four-wheel drive It should not be permanent, and the automotive designers have long understood this. Just below, we are with you, dear readers, consider what happens types of complete drive.

What drive is safer? What drive is most safe?

Front-wheel drive It is planned much easier, the front-wheel drive car is harder to put into the skid, so it is better to choose the machine with the front-wheel drive as the first car.

On the other hand, the rear-wheel drive car drift is easily corrected by intuitive gas discharge - released gas and the car returned to the trajectory. And on the front drive, it means that the driver moved all the permissible boundaries. Here is a small example.

Call a drift on the front-drive car more difficult than in the back, but also to exit driving on the front drive - you need much more skill. In the rear drive, the skid is the norm and it arises constantly, and to eliminate it, it is usually enough just to let go of the gas pedal.

We can say that the rear-wheel drive immediately shows the driver all the danger of slippery road, and the front - to the last hides it from the driver. However, even for the rear drive, there is a speed limit, after which the gas reset is not able to stabilize the car. See how the posterior car can be taken.

As for the full drive, it is still more complicated with him. Four-wheel drive slipping coating It may not lead itself as a front or as a rear, depending on which wheel is slippery.

Let's look at the example of the most popular model. Chevrolet Niva.As it may be a permanent four-wheel drive, not equipped with an ESP system. This once again confirms that the four-wheel drive only increases the permeability and improves acceleration dynamics, but does not improve controllability.

And on this video, at a speed of 150 km / h, car Audi.Equipped with a constant full-wheel drive Quattro falls into the oil puddle and breaks into skid. Only rich experience and steel nerves of the pilot allow him to get out of the water dry and unharmed.

For the front drive, a higher term stability is characterized than that of the rear. On a snowy or dirty highway front-wheel drive It goes like a locomotive on rails, while with rear wheel drive Gas on gas slipping road It is necessary very careful - the car can deploy.

But the four-wheel drive of a snow porridge, like off-road, transfers even better than the front, but if there is no mid-sieve differential, then in turn it is reluctant. Be careful!

Rear-wheel drive allows you to quickly accelerate, easily enters the skid, but it is also displayed from it, and all this makes ride on the rear-wheel drive car more interesting. On a slippery road, the rear-wheel drive is not controlled at all as the front, but many drivers for it appreciate it.

In general, if the security is not in the last place for you, and you want not only to ride a car, but be able to manage them in any situation, then you will definitely look at this video from the main road:

So what exact drive is more secure? Alas, but it is impossible to definitely answer this question. Each type of car drive behaves differently, everyone has its own pros and cons, each type of drive must be able to use, without violating the laws of physics.

But one thing can be said with confidence: if you need safe car, then it can possess any type of drive, the main thing is that it has necessarily included a course stability system - ESP. This intelligent program can slow down each wheel individually, thus correcting many driver errors.

What drive is the most passable?

Indeed, the front drive is a bit higher than that of the rear and there is at least two reasons for it. First, the leading wheels at the front drive are pressed against the ground by weight of the engine, which reduces the slip. Secondly, the driving wheels at the front drive are steering, and this allows the driver to set the direction of thrust.

In the case of slipping the drive wheels, the driver of the front or full-drive car can pull the car from the snow captivity with the front wheels, while the rear wheels are followed strictly behind the front. The rear-wheel drive in such a situation behaves worse - the tail begins to demolish the control of this process is very difficult.

Front-wheel drive, on slippery climb climbing more confident than rear. The leading front wheels will be touched, but pull the car to the top, and the rear-wheel drive, in such a situation, dropping and strives to expand the car. The king of slippery climbs is undoubtedly His Majesty is a four-wheel drive, which rises through the ice slope without slipping.

Nevertheless, driving around in the winter in slippery roads, it is impossible to hope only for four-wheel drive, because its ability is not limitless. With a studed rubber, you can climb on a slippery winter lift on any drive, especially if the machine is equipped with an ESP anti-slip system.

So, the most passable, of course, is a four-wheel drive. Rear-wheel drive, for the assault off-road suits the least, but also on the front drive from the solid coating is better not to move.

Rear-wheel drive will suit you if you do not plan to leave the road limits with a solid coating. If you are sometimes going to make risky bars in the field, then you need to take at least a machine with front-wheel drive, and for serious haltors on the road you need a car equipped with a full drive.

What drive is rapid faster?

On dry asphalt, rear-wheel drive accelerated faster than the front. When accelerating the weight of the car shifts on the rear axis, while the front wheels are unloaded, which is why the front drive during overclocking allows strong slips. But the car quickly accelerates the car with a full drive, naturally, for this it must be equipped with a powerful engine.

So, if you need a car that accelerates others, then you need to choose a car, with rear, and better with a full drive and as a powerful motor as possible.

What drive is better? Front or rear-wheel drive?

The front actuator wins the rear by such an indicator as fuel consumption. On average, the front-wheel drive is more economical rear, and the difference can reach 7%. But the four-wheel drive, in economy, occupies an honorable third place - he is the most voracious, in many ways because of this, most of all the vehicles are chosen by the front or rear-wheel drive.

In the rear-wheel drive cars, the front wheels do not have drive shafts, so the maximum angles of turning steering wheels, on the rear drive, more, and the radius of the reversal is less, which is very useful in the city.

Front-wheel drive in the production of cheaper rear, so the front-wheel drive machines are sold on more affordable prices. The lower price is the main advantage of the front drive before the rear and complete.

It is due to a low price, the front-wheel drive won the place of the most common from all types of drive: the front-wheel drive cars are released more than with the rear and complete drive combined. The second cause of the high popularity of the front drive is the simplicity of its use on a slippery road, its low demanding to the driver's skill.

If you choose the front or rear-wheel drive, then in most cases the front-wheel drive is optimal option. It is more accessible, more economical, easier in the device and is less demanding of the pilot skill.

Rear-wheel drive - your option, if you have a decent experience in your shoulders, and now you want not just ride the car, but to enjoy the car control itself.

What car drive is better?

So, you need to sum up. If everything is strongly simplified, the conclusion can be done as: better view The drive is a four-wheel drive, working in a pair with an ESP course stability system. However, the four-wheel drive is more expensive when buying and roads in service, and consumes a lot of fuel. If

You need something more economical, the optimal option will be the front-wheel drive, which has an ideal combination of characteristics. Well, the rear wheelcharge is worth choosing, only if you have experience and the car needs you, first of all to enjoy driving.

Advantages of the front drive:

Low price
Low fuel consumption
Patency is higher than the rear drive
Holds well on slippery road

Advantages of the rear drive:

Accelerated faster than the front
Easier comes out of drift

Advantages of a full drive:

Patency
Accelerates even faster than rear-wheel drive

Many disputes arise about which drive is better: front, rear or four-wheel drive. Tales are told about all the drives, both with a happy end, and with sad. There are many opinions, but purchasing a car, it is worth exactly the definition of which drive to give preference.

Driving a car equipped fully drive, especially in complex road conditions It is quite difficult, even though he collected all the positive qualities of two types. Cars equipped with mechanical fully driveMost often behave on the road akin to cars with rear-wheel drive. And about constant systems with fully drive It is impossible to say so. In the case where the front-wheel drive machine requires an increase in the amount of gas, and the rear-wheel drive on the contrary is to reduce the supply of fuel, all-wheel drive will need both in the other, it all depends on the quality of the clutch of the wheels with the surface of the road web, the speed of movement and other factors.

Pre-predict in advance what needs to be done at the moment. Exacerbates the situation and the fact that losing the resistance of the car with fully drive Maybe in one second, without the slightest ones. For this reason, if the car suffered to the side of the road, to exit the winner of the situation created very difficult, inexperienced motorists are not even for the power.

Negative characteristic of systems full driveIn particular, mechanical control is increased wear of parts, high noise and increased, compared to front-wheel drive and rear-wheel drive systems, fuel consumption. This is explained by the design of the drive system itself. Since between both axes of a car equipped with a constant full-wheel drive, there is a rigid connection, the full drive system can work with a number of restrictions - it cannot be used, moving along a dry, solid road. This means that it is not possible to use cravings.

For disadvantages of systems full drive Also relates complexity and high cost of maintenance and repair. This is associated with the complexity of the design of the drive, the presence of a large number of parts compared to other types of drive. Largely on the cost of service also very affects the brand and model of the car.

The main advantage of cars with fully drive is them increased patency, the ability to handle from the place without singing the wheels, not paying attention to the state road coat. Cars equipped with all-wheel drive systems have increased dynamics compared to other types of drives. But, be that as it may, this type of actuator does not guarantee you that you can easily overcome this or that ferrod. In these situations, much depends on the professional abilities of the driver, technical status Tires and car in particular.

Anyway, none of the above types of full drive can serve as panacea in a dangerous situation. Only your professional driving skills will be able to save you, composure, the ability to control the situation. Try to learn how to manage the car yourself, less paying attention to the type of drive, and only then, it will become for you predictable and manageable.

There are no disputes among motorists regarding what is better - the front, rear or four-wheel drive. Each leads their arguments, but does not recognize the evidence of its opponents. And in reality to determine the best way Drive among three available options is not so simple. It requires a detailed analysis, and focus on the features of each of the drives. We must not forget that the drive acts as an important parameter of any vehicle that should be taken into account when choosing. And every buyer should personally decide for himself, what kind of drive it is suitable for him. And for this you need to understand the difference between systems and know their key differences.

Choosing a car drive: front, rear or complete.

Criteria comparing

To determine the difference between the front and rear-wheel drive, and also compare them with complete, it should be focused on some distinctive features. Everyone heard, but not everyone knows what exactly means the front, rear or four-wheel drive. The drive determines which wheels from the power unit will be transmitted to which wheels of the vehicle. All modern passenger cars There are 4 wheels. Two are located ahead, and two more from behind. The power that engine produces can only go on two or all four wheels. To understand what the difference between the front, rear and complete drive, for a start we will give them brief definitions. So you will know which machines are rear-wheel drive, front-wheel drive and all-wheel drive.

Front-wheel drive. Here, the thrust from the motor goes only for a couple of wheels located in the front of the car. A pair of wheels cling to the road and pulls motor vehicles. Together with this couple rear kers Just rolling on inertia.
Rear-wheel drive. Here all the power from the power unit goes only for a couple. When the wheels are rotated, it is enough for the soil, which makes it possible to appear from the surface and go.
All-wheel drive. A distinctive feature The full drive is the transmission of torque on 4 wheels, that is, 2 axes. This allows them to rotate at the same time.

Practice clearly showed that there is no need for a permanent full drive, and therefore engineers have developed systems that need to transmit all power to 2 axes immediately. To understand significant differences between systems, you need to evaluate them in several important criteria to which:

security;
patency;
overclocking

Now let's see what each drive is capable of.

Security

It is important to figure out what the front-wheel drive differs from the rear, as well as how much all-wheel drive cars are safer than the monopriferous. Cars really differ in security indicators, but here you should consider some nuances. Namely:

It is much easier to control the front-wheel drive machines, they are difficult to specifically put into skid, than the front-wheel drive is relatively different from the rear. If you are, you should give preference to this option;
When the rear-wheel drive car enters, it is not difficult to return it to a normal trajectory. To do this, it is enough to lose gas. When the drift goes on the front drive, it is already extremely problematic to correct the situation;
Provice the drift of the front-wheel drive car is harder compared to rear-wheel drive cars. But it is easier to get out of the drift, if there is a rear drive;
For rear-wheel drive cars, driving are the norm, and therefore drivers are faced with such a phenomenon regularly. Roughly speaking, on a car with a drive on the rear wheels, it is immediately clear how the road is dangerous, and the front-wheel drive hides it. But when the car enters, it will take great skill to be taken;
Rear-wheel drive cars also records without the possibility to leave the situation. This happens when exceeding permissible speeds. Then the simple reset of the result of the result will not give;
The situation with all-wheel drive cars is even more complicated. When driving on a slippery road, the behavior of a machine with a full drive can be similar rear and front-wheel drive cars. It all depends on what kind of wheel was slipped by the vehicle;
The car with the front actuator has very high rate stability in comparison with rear-wheel drive;
If the road is dirty or snow-covered, the front axle works better, and the back and puts it. If the gas pedal to work incorrectly, the rear-wheel drive machine will quickly unfold in such conditions;
Four-wheel drive perfectly overcomes snow, dirt and off-road and copes with its tasks better than the front-wheel drive analogues. But in the absence of an inter-axis differential in the construction, the inputs are becoming more complicated;
Acceleration at the rear drive faster, it is easily included in driving and easily out of them. This allows you to make rear-wheel drive machines more interesting in management. Although in slippery conditions a negative side of such a system opens.

It is impossible to unequivocally assert that the front, rear or four-wheel drive is better than the rest in terms of security. It is important to take into account how each of them works in different conditions. Working rear-wheel drive in their behavior is noticeably different from the front and complete. Each system needs to be able to competently use. And here the driver's skill plays a big role. Although experts advise the choice also based on the presence in the configuration eSP systemswhich is responsible for the course stability. A magnificent assistant that simplifies the task of managing the machine with any drive. ESP is able to effectively monitor the behavior of the machine and correct the errors that the driver allows.

Patency

Also, drivers are actively arguing as to which drive is better - front, rear or still complete when it comes to passability. Here many will definitely give preference all-wheel drive cars. But you should not hurry with conclusions. It should be understood what the difference and differences between the full, front and rear-wheel drive, when it comes to the need to get out of the complex road situation. Most often with them because of the big snowy drifts. Some important arguments can be brought to this account:

Performance indicators of front-wheel drive cars are somewhat higher, if you compare them with rear-wheel drive vehicles;
When the front axle operates, the wheels are pressed against the ground due to the mass of the engine, which helps to reduce the number of slipping;
The leading wheels of the front axle steering, that is, the driver can determine the direction of movement;
When the car is dropped, the front and four-wheel drive due to the work of the front wheels pulls out the car, and the rear simply move after leading;
Rear-wheel drive cars in such situations behave worse. The back is demolished, and therefore it becomes extremely difficult to control the process;
If you need to get into slippery lifting, the front axle objectively exceeds the back. Here the front wheels can be stopped, but still continue to pull the vehicle. The rear wheels rotate, drop and all the time want to deploy the car;
· The best in terms of lifting on slippery roads will be a four-wheel drive, which is able to climb to the top even without slipping. But it is completely possible to rely on the possibilities of four leading wheels, since the possibilities of such systems are limited.

In terms of passability, the all-wheel drive car objectively wins, and the rear-wheel drive system acts as an obvious outsider. The front-wheel drive was somewhere in the middle, although it is rather closer to the back, rather than complete. If your plans have no conquest of off-road, and you are going to exploit the car only on asphalt, the rear-wheel drive car is quite suitable. When periodically, you have to leave the asphalt roads, choosing in a field or light off-road, you will need a minimum front-wheel drive. And all four leading wheels will be needed in difficult road conditions, where there are a lot of snow, dirt, uneven areas, dangerous descents and lifting.

Acceleration

An excellent overclocking of the car can be attributed to the number of objective advantages of the rear drive. If the asphalt is dry, then on this parameter the rear axle works better than the front. At the time of overclocking, the mass of the car goes to the rear wheels, and the front is unloaded. This explains slippets arising from acceleration on the front-wheel drive vehicles. Although here both types of drive are ahead of the car where all four wheels are rotated at the same time. But provided that its capacity is similar or exceeds competitors with front and rear-wheel drive.

Important characteristics

To make a comparison even more objective and understandable, you need to take into account several criteria. It is they who can largely suggest a motorist, which car it is better to buy.

By fuel consumption, the first favorite is a car with front-wheel drive. It is more economical rear-wheel drive versions of approximately 5-7%. AND all-wheel drive cars occupy the last position because they consume fuel in the greatest quantity;
In the rear-wheel drive, there are no drive shafts in the front wheels. It increases maximum corner turning and reduces the reversal radius, which becomes a useful advantage in dense traffic;
Production of front drive for automobile companies Cheaper in comparison with rear-wheel drive cars, in connection with which such cars are usually more accessible by price on the market. Availability led to the growth of the popularity of front-wheel drive cars, which are produced significantly more than rear-wheel drive and all-wheel drive together;
Weight argument in favor of the front leading wheels performs handling on a slippery road. Such machines do not impose increased requirements for the driver's skill level, which you will not say about the car, where the drive goes to the back pair of wheels.

Choosing a new or used car with front or rear-type drive, most car enthusiasts will prefer the first option. And there is a number of explanations and objective reasons. Such machines are available, economical, easier arranged and do not require greater experience and special skills from the driver himself. Buy a car with a rear-wheel drive system standing in the situation where you have great experience driving, and you want to receive pleasure from this process. Manage the machine with rear-wheel drive is very interesting. Feelings are noticeably different from those that are observed during the operation of the front-wheel drive vehicle. But be prepared for certain difficulties.

Variants of full drive

Increasingly, recently, buyers prefer all-wheel drive vehicles. This can be explained by a gradual decrease in the cost of machines with a drive to all existing four wheels, as well as a variety of systems. You already know what the four-wheel drive differs from the system. front type. Now you need to figure it out in the features of the most complete drive. To do this, explore the diversity of systems that happen:

constant;
manually connected;
connected automatically.

Each automotive full drive system has its own distinctive features. And they are not so much similar, as it may seem at first glance. We will analyze all variations of the full drive separately.

Constant

Here four vehicle wheels have a permanent connection to force aggregate The car, each of which grabs the roadbed and helps push the car forward. For many road situations, this is an important advantage. But really a permanent four-wheel drive manifests itself only with an additional connected course stability system. It helps to slow down a definite wheel, preventing unwanted slipping. Machines with such a type of permanent drive consume a large amount of fuel, although there are back side in the form of increased reliability. If you plan to buy a car equipped with full permanent driveTo conquer off-road, be sure to make sure that the inter-axis and central differentials are blocked. Otherwise, the result of the passage of complex sites may disappoint you frankly.

Manually connected

Many complain that manually connected the full drive system is very uncomfortable and morally obsolete. This is true. But if you look poured on the passability, then it is that such a drive, it is the highest. In the mode of ordinary daily work machines are rear-wheel drive. If necessary, the driver can manually connect the front wheels to work. But to do this, first will have to stop. Operate the car when constantly connected front axle, meaningless and even dangerous. In this mode, the load on the distribution box increases, the activity of rubber wear is increased. Another minus such a system is the increased consumption of fuel by car. And here it is not so important, the driver has connected the front axle or not. Although it is impossible to say that in manually connected full drive there are no advantages. Such machines are perfectly shown in off-road conditions. Plus, high reliability of the system itself is noted.

Automatically connected

If you are looking for the most modern system A full drive, which is characterized by excellent prospects, then it is worth stopping your choice on automatically connected. Engineers themselves note that the system is not yet perfect, certain refinement and improvement are required. Therefore, the possibilities of such cars are better not to experience in conditions of serious off-road. Automakers have their own embodiments of the automatically plug-in full drive. But the principle of everyone is the same. It lies in the fact that one wheel pair is connected to the engine on an ongoing basis, and the second can independently connect when the need arises. Multidisk couplings are used to connect. Per automatic inclusion The second pair of wheels responds electronics. Therefore, in the usual operation, the machine is a rear-wheel or front-wheel drive, depending on the specific car model. And when the electronics understands that the conditions are becoming more difficult, the car is hard to overcome obstacles only with two wheels, the second pair connects.

The key advantage of the automatically plug-in system is economical and simplicity of use. No need to make stops and connect wheels. Computer B. automatic mode Connects the second pair of wheels when the real need arises in the transition to a more passable four-wheel drive. But we must not forget that the reliability of a multi-disc clutch is not so impressive as the classical system of the manually connected full drive. The automation will be the best solution for overcoming urban snow drifts, slippery lifts and light and medium off-road. But with departure in heavy conditions It is better not to experiment, because there is no automatic drive for all four wheels yet since the best side.

Advantages and disadvantages

If you simplify all the conclusions made earlier, then we can say that the best by car drive It is a complete, complemented by the course stability system. But such cars are expensive in price and expensive in terms of service. Plus do not forget about the active consumption of fuel. If you want to become the owner of economical and easier in managing the car, then your definitely the best choice will be the drive to the front wheels. In all its characteristics, such a machine will become the optimal choice for a beginner and the experienced driver, which is important reliability, confidence and optimal combination of price and quality. But rear-wheel drive cars are suitable only experienced driversThe purpose of which is to get driving pleasure. Considering all these factors, you can make certain conclusions regarding the strengths and weaknesses of each type of drive. Let's start with front-wheel drive vehicles. Their main advantages include:

low market value;
efficiency (low fuel consumption);
the best cargo permafendment in comparison with rear-wheel drive competitors;
good course stability when driving on slippery road areas.

There are no serious disadvantages of such cars. As for the rear-wheel drive cars, there are such advantages here:

best overclocking;
good way out of drifts;
no slip when starting.

The disadvantages include weak adaptedness of operation outside the asphalt road. In winter, driving such a car is extremely difficult. Especially if necessary, call on the hill in the slippery area. Their price is somewhat higher, and fuel they consume a little more than the front-wheel drive competitors. The full drive has its own strong and weak sides. Advantages include:

excellent acceleration;
increased patency.

But from the disadvantages allocate high flow fuel, increased value in the market, as well as pretty expensive service and repair. Here each can make its own conclusions. Determine the objective leader is difficult, since there are different evaluation criteria.

So, the motorists themselves have their own characteristics on which they base their own selection of vehicle. It is important in terms of management, so the front-wheel drive will be the best choice for them. Others want new sensations, and therefore the optimal solution will be a rear-wheel drive. Do not forget about all-wheel drive vehicleshaving different embodiments, their strengths and weaknesses. Each drive in something wins, and for some indicators loses to competitors. Recommend to the fact that you are waiting for the car. This will be the starting point for you to select the most suitable type of drive.

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The number of all sorts of SUVs and crossovers on our roads grows with a huge pace. One of the main advantages of such cars is the system of full drive, the principle of operation of which different models It can differ significantly. All types of full drive can be divided into three main: temporarily connected ( Part Time.), Permanent (Full Time) and automatically connected (on Demand Full Time).

Temporarily connected four-wheel driveTemporarily connected four-wheel drive, or as it is often called Part Time, does not allow a long time to go in the all-wheel drive mode. In such a type of complete drive, there is no inter-axis differential, which would compensate for the difference in the speed of rotation of the front and rear axle. Without it, when moving along a dry road, the transmission details begin to quickly wear out. Full part of the Part Time can be forcibly connected only to overcome the complex area of \u200b\u200bthe road at a low speed. Lit is used for connectivity dispensing box Transmission. Although in some versions to connect the front axle, you must get out of the machine and turn special handles (hubs) on the hubs of the front wheels.

In addition, a car with automatically plug-in full-wheel drive can be turned into a purely front-wheel drive, without any connections. Again, using the "magic" button (2wd, etc.). Disconnecting the full drive contributes to saving fuel, besides the need for four leading wheels in the city does not occur. Automatically connected all-wheel drive - the youngest of 4x4 systems.They are equipped with the overwhelming majority of crossovers in our market. You can even say that such a drive is an integral attribute of the real crossover. The new type of car required a new type of full drive, everything is logical.

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What kind of drive is fuller?It is quite difficult to determine what four-wheel drive is quite difficult, as each of them has its advantages and disadvantages. In a serious off-road, SUVs with temporarily connected full-wheel drive and rigid mechanical locks of all differentials (inter-axis and interclause) will be better. But in urban conditions, such machines do not give any pleasure from management. In turn, purely urban crossovers with their automatically plug-in full-wheel drive are practically helpless on any off-road, but are managed as ordinary cars. The middle of the middle is the permanent four-wheel drive, which is off-road asset and There will be no offense on the track, it will not be possible to intervene in his work, such a drive will not give, that is, neither the fuel will save, either through a very difficult area (despite the "very smart" electronics) may not work.