Before examining the issue in detail, let us turn to historical data. Muff is a word derived from Dutch and german languages... In Russian it takes on several meanings at the same time. We are interested in one of them - a mechanical intermediate device located between the shafts in the car. So consider this device in more detail.
Pipe for winding the coupling. The guide tube must be absolutely concentric and exactly parallel to the axis of the transmission pilot. Bent or worn areas on the guide tube can prevent the bearing from slipping and cause skidding, trembling and a stiff clutch pedal.
Make sure it moves freely. Excessive clearance can impair braking performance. If wear is visually observed in areas of friction and in bushings, it must be replaced. So be an expert at changing grip! Usually, useful life service is about 80 thousand km, if used well, to achieve this mark, you can take the following caution. Do not move your feet on the clutch pedal.
The clutch is one of the most important systems involved in the operation of transport, if it is faulty or completely absent, it becomes impossible to operate a car. In the absence of a well-thought-out and competent system, it is impossible to change gears, stop the engine and carry out the simplest actions.
Clutch: what is it and why is it needed
The main purpose of the clutch system is to ensure smooth engagement of the flywheel with the gearbox shaft during speed changes and at the start of movement. Thanks to the mechanism, you can gently stop the process of transmitting torque, without the need to turn off the motor. The device is complex, and one of its most important elements is the clutch.
Systems typically operate with a gap that rotates around 10mm, but drivers usually exceed this limit. By keeping his foot on the pedals, the driver will press the plateau diaphragm and open the clutch system. As a result, the disc will begin to slide. When skating, it will overheat the system and cause premature wear of the friction material.
Most experts point out that the clutch cannot make noise. When noises appear, it is a sign that something is wrong and research needs to be done in the smallest detail so that other parts of the car are not damaged, which is expensive for the concert.
Functions of this element:
- ensuring that the engine is disconnected from the gearbox, which happens very quickly;
- the ability to smoothly and consistently shift gears while driving;
- the ability to start without jerking and without slipping.
Regardless of engine type internal combustion The clutch facilitates smooth and soft movement from a place, while during the movement there is the possibility of gear shifting. That is, when the driver presses the pedal, the element we are considering comes into operation and is responsible for making sure that the tight fit of both disks - driven and master - stops.
The durability of the clutch system consists of information that can be recorded in owner's manuals or according to information content that exists on the packaging of a product produced by manufacturers. Those without such an explanation should know when to call car makers or look for information on the internet.
In any case, the main symptom of problems in the grip structure is the roar that can occur whenever the pedal protector occurs. It is interesting to note that the noise increases significantly when the vehicle is on high speeds, and at this time there is an increase in speed in the work performed by motorization.
Thanks to this principle, the gearbox is in neutral.
Types of devices
The clutch is distinguished by a variety of designs, and on each of the car models this unit has its own characteristics. But the device has similarities, which are expressed in the following elements:
- the location and features of the flywheel;
- functionality and operating principle of disks;
- the location of the casing central bolt;
- the presence of a fork with a spring.
Bearing speeds and noise
Another type of genre problem is the excess noise that occurs in the bearing. To identify this type of problem, simply place your foot on the pedal and therefore feel the vibration along with the sound. It is necessary to raise the level of attention when such problems arise. There are mechanics who are not experts and do the exchange of the clutch without taking into account the problem that can only concern belts, which are the main components of the bearing. For this reason, when you do maintenance, look for experts on such issues who are reliable.
The classification is carried out depending on the number of disks, which can be equal to one or two. There are devices with a large number of disks, they have their own advantages and features of operation.
Based on the "habitat" of the node, another classification can be distinguished:
- wet products, respectively, operating in an oily environment;
- dry elements - function in an air environment.
By the nature of the inclusion, the elements can be permanently closed or open.
Plateau can only be performed correct work and bring perfect answers to drivers when the clutch bearing is working normally, no noise and no lubrication in a full positive state. In this sense, both the plateau and the clutch are made up of parts that need to be replaced immediately, otherwise drivers risk losing traction when the vehicle is fully operational.
Experts pointed out that it is not possible to lubricate a bearing without having to change the part, taking into account the level of shielding. That is, then performing the procedure in the wrong way can damage the case. It is interesting to note that even in the moments when mechanics pour oil into the holes, the problem is not solved, as according to the procedure there is still damage that worsens the overall picture. Why is the problem even worse? A simple, oily excess directly damages the structure in which the clutch is present and increases the ride level.
By the method of influencing the disk, there are:
- products acting with multiple springs;
- elements influencing by means of one diaphragm spring.
There are several control methods for the product in question: mechanical, hydraulic, combined, electrical.
How does it work
The clutch has a rather complex structure, and the scheme of operation can be considered using a simple example. Main part passenger cars equipped, located in the flywheel area under the crankcase, fixed to the block by means of bolt connections. The force that the driven shaft has is transmitted to the gearbox through the action of the spring mechanism. Only in the case of participation in the hydraulic drive system is it switched on or off. In this system, the passenger car clutch plays an important role.
Even during periods when the plateau does not represent damage, most experts recommend completely changing the kit, as any problem in the clutch design can cause more damage. There are mechanics attesting to the possibility of changing the bearing, although most owner's manuals indicate that the assembly must be completely replaced to avoid future shocks.
Clutch exchange problem
Clutch noise question
In practice, when you hear a strange noise when you step on the clutch, the system is not working properly. It is interesting to note that in most cases the problem is related to bearing problems, which in practice does not require complete replacement adhesion, which therefore requires more high costs on behalf of the drivers.
General operating principle
The clutch works according to the following scheme:
- The person sitting behind the wheel presses the pedal.
- The force is directed to the area of \u200b\u200bthe master cylinder.
- The last element transfers the force to the slave cylinder.
- It, in turn, activates the release fork, which pivots on the ball mechanism.
- Starts working .
- The last part exerts pressure on the basket spring, which bends and spreads the disks - leading and driven.
Thus, the clutches work in such a way that it becomes impossible to transmit force from the motor. If you release the clutch pedal, the process will start in reverse order.
Any type of bond has a duration that must be observed. However, when drivers are not doing the right job in terms of maintenance, it reduces the validity period to negative levels, as most experts point out. From a practical point of view, it is necessary to carry out lubrication. Never forget to change the fluid as directed by the manufacturers, otherwise the clutch may start showing problems that are noticeable due to squeaking.
One cannot ignore the fact that when the grip problem is due to a lack of lubrication structure, noise can be noticed even when the foot is not in the clutch. Not to mention, the intensity of the noise increases as the foot steps on the pedal. When analyzing gender cues, it is important to monitor fluid quality.
Major malfunctions
Despite the relatively complex structure of a serviceable clutch, if you ensure high-quality operation of the car, there will be no problems with it. But the two most common difficulties are clutch slippage and the inability to disengage.
Most experts say it is illegal to drive with vehicle during floods, which occurs mainly in the event of major storms. Among the various problems that can arise are bearing damage. Almost any metal part is damaged by movement during large floods. It is possible to consider considering an oxidation problem.
The pressure ring is formed with the flywheel and friction clutch disc and is secured to the flywheel by screwing the housing. Pressure ring provides engine torque - Friction disc - Transmission input shaft In the 1970s, the cup spring clutch gradually replaced coil springs in automotive industry... Since then, the force of pressure to transmit engine torque is carried out by a compressible cup spring. The spring in the cup is clearly perceived by the driver because, due to the reduced release force, the minimum pedal force must be applied.
Problem No. 1: slippage
The clutch behavior thus manifested suggests the presence of oil contamination in the lining area. They usually occur there after repair processes or as a result of the driver's negligence. To fix this clutch problem, you must clean the flywheel and disc of oil.
Depending on the design and type of clutch control, it features a push-out or push-out spring cup clutch. The polygonal sleeve is screwed onto crankshaft together with groove groove. First, the flow of the load enters the screwdriver through the coupling housing. The pressure ring is attached to the clutch housing by foil springs. The “thrust ring protrudes from the body bores” cams. On these fists there is a cup spring located outside. It is attached to the swivel body by means of pins and metal rings.
The bearing bearing is movable on the cylindrical outer shell of the polygonal sleeve. The torque is transmitted through the clutch disc to input shaft gearboxes. This is done as a hollow shaft and rests on the shaft crankshaft between the clutch and the engine. Therefore, at the center of the current development of car grip, there is a significant reduction in command forces. The system also demonstrates remarkable potential for further development for future needs.
There is another reason for a clutch malfunction, which is the so-called lack of contact between the discs. To fix these problems, you will need to adjust the pedal travel, and if the technique is ineffective, then nothing remains but to replace the pads.
High engine torques require a corresponding control force. In traditional car clutches there is usually a factor of 4 between max. pedal forces and pressure forces at the friction contact, as well as in relation to component life, the drive force still rises by about 40%.
It is part of the elastic pad system located between the pads of the clutch disc, the other part of the spring of the cup, the characteristics of which have been modified so that they have a high max-min force ratio. Since the two forces act in the same way when the clutch is operating through the cup spring tabs, only the differential force between the cup spring force and the seal spring force must be applied for actuation. With respect to the characteristic line, the greatly decreasing cup spring and the corresponding characteristic line of the gasket spring can only achieve reduced control forces at the "new operating point".
Problem number 2: inability to disconnect
There are two main reasons for this clutch failure:
- Insufficient pedal travel. Usually this phenomenon is provoked by the fact that the clutch release clutch has incorrect settings, suggesting a high value freewheel... If it is necessary to eliminate the problem, the product is reconfigured, and the process is entrusted to a better experienced mechanic.
- Changing the shape of the levers that each clutch has, and the impossibility of adjusting them. In this case, they are replaced. Often, during the operation of the clutch, the disc is repainted, due to which the linings are damaged. They also need to be replaced.
Summary
The clutch release is a complex device that requires close attention from the driver. Malfunctions of this mechanism will not only worsen the quality of driving, but can also lead to emergency situations... The device performs many functions in the operation of the car, so its breakdowns lead to serious consequences for many parts of the car.
If it changes the operating point of the clutch, for example, to the left in the direction of the maximum spring of the bowl, the control force increases massively, in fact, this is due to the wear of the clutch jacket, which takes over as a result of friction work when starting and changing the car. wear. Under very harsh conditions in the clutch well, a force sensing system was installed through a second cup spring and a steel shim ring between the cup spring and the clutch housing. The adjusting ring forms the pivot point of the cup spring, on the one hand, and on the other, is supported by ramps on the clutch housing.
When the clutch pedal is depressed, the clutch release clutch moves along a special guide sleeve and thus contacts the diaphragm spring petals or basket legs, turning it off.
Main dimensions and design
For clutch kits S256, S201, S221, the clutch is made by casting with subsequent processing. And for clutch kits S228 and S223 it is made from high strength polyamide by means of cold casting. These couplings are fitted with angular contact ball bearings manufactured according to a special design.
The adjusting ring is loaded circumferentially through 2-3 small resilient springs. The spring of the sensor cup acts as a mechanical sensor for detecting wear and is adjusted so that as the wear forces increase due to wear during the drive, the cup spring moves towards the motor, so the adjusting ring releases the load and can rotate relative to the clutch cover. In this process, the spring of the cup is pressed against the wear of the liner on the clutch disc, and the operating point of the clutch remains constant.
Bearing surface that contacts the petal spring pressure plate, undergoes additional processing to completely exclude possible premature wear of surfaces. The 1978S228 and 1975S230 clutches contain a polyamide guide sleeve with a minimum friction coefficient and special grooves to keep the grease on the clutch.
As an added advantage, the wear zone of the coupling and therefore the duration can be increased by up to 50%. It is part of a resilient spacer system located between the pads of the clutch disc, on the other side of the cup spring, whose characteristics are changed to provide the maximum maximum force ratio.
In this type of clutch, the force sensor changes with respect to the characteristic curve so that friction has a lower sensitivity with a longer steering travel. This is achieved using laminated springs with a decreasing characteristic curve and with a linear spring sensor spring acting outside the centering center of the center cup. In many cases, this sensor cup spring can also be obtained directly from the cup spring in the form of sensor tongues. This completely disengages the sensor cup spring.
Quality control and production
High quality carbon steel and high strength polyamide are used in the production of clutch release clutches. Also, couplings are equipped with an angular contact bearing. Such a bearing is filled with grease, which is calculated for the full life of the clutch. During the entire production period, absolutely all parts are subject to complete quality control on special equipment and various intermediate checks. The checks themselves contain several stages, due to which the quality is determined as accurately as possible.
Terms of service
The clutch itself is an integral part of the kit and is designed to last as long as the entire clutch assembly. As a rule, they have a resource of at least 100 thousand kilometers, which is slightly higher than the calculated resource of the clutch itself. The resource is determined based on the simulated test conditions, therefore, in urban conditions, wear can increase several times than during tests on a stand. In order to last longer, you need to follow the rules for operating the car, which are set out in the instructions for it.
