The plant, founded in 1916 as a private enterprise, was nationalized two years later, and three quarters of a century later, in 1992, it again became a private enterprise. In 1996, the plant became almost municipal property, retaining the form of a joint stock company.

In Soviet times, the plant became the firstborn - a giant of the domestic automotive industry and remained the flagship of the industry until privatization. The plant, like everyone and everything in the USSR, experienced the ups and downs of the dramatic XX century. The beginning of the Great Patriotic War put the plant under threat of destruction, the enterprise was evacuated and four new factories of the industry appeared on its basis.


Not of its own free will, the plant was determined to produce trucks of the middle class, the most unpopular in the world. And at the same time in huge quantities on the basis of the so-called "hard" automated technology, which was considered cheap, which, in terms of the composition of the equipment, was oriented practically towards one design. And this was considered a virtue. In the transition to a market economy, dignity becomes a stone around the neck of an enterprise. Huge facilities of narrowly specialized capacities with a sharp drop in production led to the unprofitable enterprise. Replacing the equipment with the required one, both in terms of facilities and in terms of production volumes, cost funds that the plant did not have.


Today's life of the enterprise continues in these crisis contradictions. Let us recall the history of ZIL, especially the events of the last two decades, which will serve as a clearer understanding of the origins of today's difficult period in the life of the plant. In 1954, at the insistence of Marshal of the USSR G.K. Zhukov, a special design bureau is organized at the plant to create a special automotive engineeringdesigned for mobile missile systems


In 1956 Ivan Alekseevich Likhachev dies and the plant is named after him. At the end of the same year, the first two prototypes were assembled. trucksmobiles of the second post-war generation - ZIL-130 and ZIL-131.
The fourth so-called reconstruction of the plant, which began in 1959, made it possible to master the production of ZIL-130 in 1964 and ZIL-131 in 1967.
Line passenger cars after the ZIS-110 car it was continued in 1958 by the government limousine ZIL-111.
Subsequent cars: ZIL-114 (1967), ZIL-117 (1971), ZIL-115 (1976), up to the last ZIL-41041, are regarded as quite stylish and modern.
In 1967, the USSR took part in the International Bus Week in Nice for the first time. However, the serial production of the bus could not be organized. The Yunost bus was produced piece by piece according to individual orders.
In the early 70s, the plant began to create a family of the third generation of trucks - ZIL-169 (ZIL-4331).
In 1980, the plant received the right to produce a new truck.






ZIL 170


ZIL 43360








ZIL 170 prototype










Assembly of ZIL cars
In December 1991, the USSR collapsed, and long-term intra-union ties were severed. In 1992, the era of the market economy began, about which no one had any idea, as well as about the privatization that began at the same time.
ZIL was privatized as the first in the industry and one of the first among the largest enterprises in Russia - on September 23, 1992. Thus, the plant lost budget funding. However, the first General Meeting of Shareholders was held only on April 29, 1994.

The general meeting of shareholders elected a new management body in the history of the plant - the Board of Directors.

The interest in ZIL at that time was based on the former Soviet image of the enterprise. Everyone was counting on good dividends from the shares of the plant, bought for vouchers at a check auction. Nobody imagined that medium-duty trucks ZIL will have a scanty demand on the market, which is born on the ruins of the distribution system.
As for the automotive theme, by the end of 1991 technical guidance the plant and the chief designer's office were looking for ways to create new designs of cars demanded by the market: low-tonnage and heavy-duty.
On December 30, 1994, the day when the last ZIL-130 (ZIL-4314) truck rolled off the assembly line at ASK, the first light-duty vehicle ZIL-5301 "Bychok" rolled off the same assembly line, the name of which, by the way, was given by Yu.M. ... Luzhkov.


ZIL 133-Gya


ZIL-MMZ-555


Army version of the ZIL-130 truck with a special body and awning. 1964 year.


loading on a train

ZIL (full AMO-ZIL) is a Russian company for the production of AW vehicles, located in Moscow.
The history of the plant began on August 2, 1916, when the foundation of the Moscow Automobile Society (AMO) plant took place in Tyufelevoy Grove near Moscow.
The charter of the "Partnership on AW shares of the Moscow Automobile Society" was approved on May 18, 1916.

The Ryabushinskys planned to launch the production of a licensed 1.5-ton truck “FIAT-15 Ter” of the 1915 model at the plant, but the plans were hampered by nationalization after the Great October Socialist Revolution.
Before the October Revolution, the plant assembled AW vehicles from imported spare parts. The AMO buildings managed to assemble 150 FIAT trucks from Italian parts.

On August 15, 1918, AMO was nationalized under the pretext of the Ryabushinskys breaking the terms of the contract with the Military Department. The plant managed to assemble 1317 trucks from Italian assembly kits, of which 432 units. in 1917, 779 units. - in 1918 and 106 units. - in 1919
In 1919-1923. the plant was engaged in truck repair foreign brands and set up the production of motors. The most mass-produced (actually rebuilt) model during this period was the American 3-ton truck "White", which AMO produced in the amount of 131 units.

They even wanted to launch this truck into production, but preference was still given to the lighter "FIAT-15 Ter", for which all the design documentation was available.
In addition, over the years, the enterprise over the years has overhauled 230 AW vehicles, carried out average repairs of 18 and maintenance 67 AW vehicles and also repaired 137 motorcycles.

Since 1920, AMO has participated in the Soviet tank program, in particular, from February to July, 24 tank engines were manufactured for the Russian Renault CS tank.
The first Soviet-made trucks - ten one and a half-ton AMO-F15 vehicles, created from domestic materials, rolled off the assembly line in 1924. Almost all AMO-F15 parts were made by hand.

The changes made have transformed the FIAT-15 taken as a basis. The lightening of the connecting rods, pistons and flywheel, the replacement of the carburetor made it possible to increase the engine power by 17%. The cooling surface of the radiator was also increased, which prevented boiling in extreme heat and on steep climbs.
In 1925, the Amovites produced 113 cars, and in 1926 - 342 (at one time the Russian-Baltic Carriage Works produced 150 cars a year).

A week after the parade, several AMO-F-15 trucks successfully participated in the AW top rally in central Russia, which confirmed the sufficient quality level of AMO products.
After that, capital investments in the further development of the enterprise increased. The design of the AMO-F-15 was also improved, which survived three modernizations during its relatively short production cycle at AMO.

The structure of the White truck was redesigned at AMO and transferred for development to the Yaroslavl AW tozavod ( former Factory Lebedev), where the truck was produced since 1925 as Ya-3 and became the ancestor of all pre-war YaGs.
In 1925, the AMO plant was renamed the 1st State AW Automotive Plant. In 1927 I. A. Likhachev was appointed director. Production gradually increased, and by 1931 6971 copies were made. AMO-F15 of which 2590 units. was produced in the 1929/30 financial year.

However, the scale of slipway production was completely unsatisfactory for a country that was developing industrialization. Therefore, in 1930, a license was purchased for the American truck "Autocar-5S" for production on AMO. The truck assembled from American kits was called AMO-2.
After localization in 1931 and the launch of the conveyor (the first in the USSR), it was renamed AMO-3, and its engine power was increased compared to the early model from 54 to 72 hp. After modernization in 1933, the truck was renamed ZIS-5.

In 1934, after the completion of a radical reconstruction of the enterprise (up to 100,000 AW vehicles per year), this legendary truck in the future went into mass production. The daily production volume of the ZIS-5 exceeded 60 AW vehicles. On the basis of the ZIS-5, 25 models and modifications were created, 19 of which went into series.
ZIL has repeatedly pioneered the use of many design innovations in the domestic AW vehicle industry. Among them hydraulic drive brakes (1931), 12-volt equipment system (1934), eight-cylinder engine and radio (1936), hypoid main gear and power windows (1946), four-chamber carburetor and air conditioning (1959), four-head lighting system (1962), disc brakes (1967).

During the years of the first five-year plan, modern equipment, new models and modifications appeared at the ZIS (the Stalin Plant - this is how the plant began to be called). The number of AW vehicles produced at this plant has increased almost 35 times over 10 years. If in 1929 1.3 thousand AW vehicles were produced, then in 1939 there were 70 thousand of them.
During the Great Patriotic War, the plant was evacuated to the East - to Ulyanovsk and Miass, where trucks were soon produced. The workers who remained in Moscow produced ammunition and weapons for the front, and in June 1942 they resumed the production of AW truck trucks.

After the war, ZIS completely updated the type of models (trucks, cars, AW buses) and in 1950 reached the pre-war level of production. Further development of the plant was determined by the specialization that began in the late 1950s, when the production of AW buses, bicycles and some other products was transferred to other enterprises.
Ivan Alekseevich Likhachev, who was its director for almost 22 years, did a lot for the establishment and development of the plant. His name was given to the enterprise on June 26, 1956. Several technical reconstructions were carried out at the Likhachev Plant (ZIL); great work on technical re-equipment was carried out in the 1960s. The plant has grown into a large production association.

From 1924 to 1964, a large number of different models of cargo and passenger AW vehicles and AW buses were produced, including AW cargo vehicles ZIS-5, ZIS-6, ZIS-150, ZIS-151, ZIL-157 and ZIL-164. AMO ZIL is the oldest factory in Russia for the production of AW vehicles, whose products in Soviet times were known not only at home, but also abroad. But after the breakup Soviet Union ZIL got into a crisis state.

Comprehensive reconstruction of the enterprise, renewal of the model range, aggressive marketing policy and strengthening of the regional dealer network made it possible to stop the decline in production. In 2003, the plant produced 13 thousand AW trucks against 11.8 thousand a year earlier. The output of the Bychok delivery vehicles was increased by more than 18%.

AMO ZIL specializes in the production of AW trucks with a gross weight of 6.95 t to 14.5 t, small AW buses with a length of 6.6-7.9 m (custom production) and passenger AW vehicles top class (custom production). 1975-1989 the plant annually assembled 195-210 thousand trucks. In the 1990s, production dropped dramatically to 7.2 thousand trucks (1996), after 2000 it increased to 22 thousand, then began to decline again.

In 2009, 2.24 thousand AW vehicles were produced. From 1924 to 2009, the plant produced 7 million 870 thousand 089 AW trucks, 39 thousand 536 AW trucks (in 1927-1961, 1963-1994 and from 1997) and 12 thousand 148 passenger AW vehicles (in 1936-2000). In addition, in 1951-2000. 5.5 million household refrigerators were manufactured and in 1951-1959. - 3.24 million bicycles. Over 630 thousand AW vehicles have been exported to 51 countries of the world.

In 2009 AMO ZIL shipped 2,253 AW trucks to consumers (49.6% by 2008) and 4 AW tobuses (44.4% by 2008). In 2009, the company's revenue amounted to RUB 2.702 billion. (74.8% by 2008).

According to the results of 2010, the company produced 1258 AW trucks and 5 AW buses. Also in 2010, ZIL completed the production of several copies of the ZIL-410441 convertible intended for participation in ceremonies.

In 2008 AMO ZIL planned to organize a joint venture with the Chinese company CNHTC for the production of heavy diesel trucks of the HOWO-ZIL brand. Due to the crisis, the project was not implemented. In 2009, an agreement was reached with Belarus on the assembly of MAZ trucks and Belarus tractors in the amount of up to 500 units at the ZIL facilities. per year for the needs of the municipal economy of Moscow. In the course of optimization of production, the territory of the enterprise should be reduced to 62 hectares (in 1916 - 63 hectares).

It should be noted that in 2010 AMO ZIL again attempted to establish partnerships with a company from China. During the ceremonial donation of two hybrid Foton AW buses to the city of Moscow, AMO ZIL and Foton signed a memorandum of understanding and expressed their desire to organize a joint venture for the production of AW trucks in the future.

May 30, 2011 general director Andrey Byurokov of the Yo-AUTO company announced that the company would consider the production of Yo-MOBIL electric vehicles at the ZIL plant, the final decision will be made in autumn 2011.

ZIL trucks

The automobile enterprise ZIL is almost a century old. This plant is engaged in the production and release of road transport... The company was founded in January 1916 as a repair and production workshop. During its existence, the names of the plant changed, the last ZiL - in honor of one of the outstanding leaders of the enterprise I.A. Likhachev. ZIL trucks are widely known not only in Russia but also abroad.

During his work at the plant, the production of: passenger cars executive class (manufacturing was carried out on special orders), trucks, buses, special equipment and all-terrain vehicles.

The cars of this plant are represented in many areas: trade, construction, agriculture, utilities, government and special cars, military establishment.

Types of trucks ZIL

ZIL trucks represented by a varied assortment:

• chassis
• emergency repair trucks
• car lifts
• manipulators
• refuellers
• delivery vans
• food transport tankers
• onboard platforms
• sewer cleaning trucks
• agricultural trucks
• trucks for implementation road works
• garbage trucks
• fire trucks
• dump trucks
• tow trucks

Zil truck range

The versatility of the ZIL truck chassis is expressed in their widespread use for placing different types equipment.

• Repair and emergency vehicles based on truck chassis ZIL-5301M2, ZIL-433362, ZIL-5301V2, ZIL-4329V3 are irreplaceable for public utilities. Equipped with devices for the repair of heat supply, sewerage, water supply, gasification and electricity systems.
• Truck ZIL "COBRA" 5301M2 with CMU (crane manipulator) has on its basis equipment with which it is possible to carry out welding, transportation and loading / unloading necessary materials... ThiszIL car equipped with turbo diesel engine with a capacity of 130 hp and its carrying capacity is up to 1 ton.
• ZiL car lifts have found their application in construction, utilities, they are simply irreplaceable when performing assembly and high-rise work. Based on truck chassis ZIL-433362, ZIL-433362, ZIL-432932, ZIL-5301V2.
• ZIL "BYCHOK" APT-14 - telescopic car lift serving for construction, installation, high-rise works in an urban environment. Thanks to the 4x2 wheel arrangement, it is maneuverable and easily passable. The carrying capacity of the cradle, which rises to a height of 14 meters, is 200 kg.
• Auto trucks ZIL manipulators - flatbed trucks based on ZiL-433360, ZiL-433110, ZiL-432930, ZiL-4329V3, ZiL-433110, ZiL-433360, ZiL-432930, ZiL-5301EE. With the help of a crane-manipulator, which is installed behind the driver's cab, such vehicles carry out loading and unloading of goods, as well as their transportation.
• Onboard freight car ZIL R310 with UNIC CMU is a small manipulator with a lifting capacity of 5 tons, and the maximum lifting capacity of a three-section CMU is up to 3 tons. Gross vehicle weight 11 t., wheel formula 4x2. These indicators allow you to work in limited spaces.
• The ZIL tanker is presented on the basis of the ZIL-433362 and ZIL-432932 truck chassis. Such trucks can be transported and stored in tanks up to 7 m3³ fuels and lubricants. The car is equipped with a pump due to which the tank is drained and filled. Engines in these models can be either carburetor or diesel.
• The lineup ZiL vans are represented by a wide variety of manufactured goods vans of different carrying capacity and body volume based on the ZIL-5301V2, ZIL-5301K2, ZIL-5301E0, ZIL-433362, ZIL-433112 and ZIL-432932 chassis.
• ZIL-5301R1 is an all-metal van for transportation of various cargoes with a carrying capacity of up to 2.8 tons. This commercial van equipped with a 136 hp turbo diesel engine. and a 4x2 wheel arrangement.
• AND tankers for transporting food products based on ZiL-433362, ZiL-432932, ZiL-5301V2 are irreplaceable assistants in farming and agriculture. This view truck has the ability to transport food liquids up to 4900 liters.
• ZIL onboard Is a multipurpose truck for transporting various goods. Basic models: ZIL-43272N (with and without a winch), ZIL-5301VE, ZIL-5301EE, ZIL-5301KE, ZIL-5301ME, ZIL-433110, ZIL-432930 and ZIL-433360.
• The onboard ZIL-5301KE is equipped with a comfortable seven-seat cabin. Its carrying capacity is up to 3 tons, the gross vehicle weight is 7 tons. Engine - 136 hp turbo diesel
• The communal sphere cannot exist without special-purpose trucks that serve to clean storm drains, sewers, and cesspools. Trucks ZIL trucks based on the ZIL-433362, ZIL-494560 and ZIL-432932 chassis are equipped with tanks up to 5 m³ , pumps with a capacity of up to 360 m³ per hour and can be equipped with carburetor or turbo diesel engines.

  

  Truck ZIL - 433362 chasssey 4x2

• Feed trucks and hatchery egg and poultry vans are special cars ZIL for agricultural purposes. Among them: ZASK-10B based on ZIL-433362 and ZSK-10 based on ZIL-433362, ZIL-432932 with installed bins for feed up to 10m ³, as well as a van 47511 for transporting hatching eggs and poultry on the chassis ZIL-433362, ZIL-5301V2 and ZIL-5301K2.
• Special vehicles for road works are indispensable helpers in the road sector. PUM-69 on the basis of the ZIL-433362 truck chassis carries out mechanical cleaning of the road and sidewalk surfaces using brushes installed on the car frame. MDK 433362 based on ZIL-433362 and ZIL-432932 can be delighted with a body for bulk mixtures of up to 4.5 m³ or a tank for liquid mixtures up to 6 m³. IN winter season SDK-454510 is working on the roads - the machines are equipped with a brush-bucket for cleaning snow and a spreading mechanism for loose. MDK-432932-88 on the ZIL-4329V3 chassis is equipped with a brush and a unit for washing, as well as watering the road surface. It is possible to change units depending on the seasons.
• ZIL lineup successfully complemented garbage trucks different types: 440KO and MKM-2701 with side loading, KO-440-AD and MKS-1 / MKS-2700 with containers, ZIL-4329LB with swap body and MKZ-2703 with rear loading.
• The base chassis ZIL-433115 served as an ideal basis for creating a high-speed fire truck with a water tank with a volume of 3200 liters.
• A special place among trucks isZIL dump truck designed for transportation of construction materials with a carrying capacity of up to 6 tons on the base chassis ZIL-494560, ZIL-497442, ZIL-5301V2.
• 33241E and 5301AR - tow trucks manufactured by ZiL with a carrying capacity of up to 3 tons.

The trucks of the Likhachev Plant during their entire service life have proven that they can be worthy representatives of the fleet of any company.

ZIL (Likhachev Plant) is the oldest automobile enterprise in Russia. Currently, the manufacturer's model range includes a wide range of items, from trucks to special equipment. All ZIL models have a reputation for being reliable, unpretentious, easy-to-use and affordable technology.

The plant was opened in 1916, and almost immediately the production of the first truck began here - a one and a half ton F-15 under the license of the FIAT company from Italian components. But the production of our own cars was never established. The reason for this was the October Revolution and the Civil War that took place during that period. As a result, the unfinished plant essentially turned into large workshops engaged in the repair of cars and other equipment.

On November 1, 1924, the first one and a half-ton truck AMO-F-15 was assembled, and on November 7, a solemn parade took place, in which ten of these vehicles took part. This date is considered to be the birthday of the Soviet engineering industry.

MV 1925, the plant was renamed the 1st State car factory (former AMO).

In 1927, the plant was headed by I.A. Likhachev, whose name is associated with the intensive development of the enterprise.

In 1931, the plant launched the first domestic assembly line for automobiles, from which the first 27 AMO-3 trucks rolled off. In the same year, the plant was named after I.V. Stalin (ZIS). AMO-3 trucks were an analogue american trucks "Autocar" and could take on board 2.5 tons of cargo. Subsequently, the model was modernized, as a result of which the carrying capacity increased to 3 tons.

Experiencing an acute shortage of trucks, in 1933 the Soviet government decided to modernize the conveyor. And already in 1934, the production of trucks ZIS-5 and ZIS-6 started, and the latter were already three-axle with a 6x4 wheel arrangement.

In 1936, production began passenger cars... The first model was a seven-seater limousine ZIS-101, built on the basis of american car Buick. The car was equipped with an in-line 8-cylinder engine with a displacement of 5.8 liters and a power of 90 horse power... The maximum speed of the ZIS-101 reached 115 km / h.

During World War II, the plant specialized in the production of trucks and other special equipment. Armaments for the front were also produced: mortars, machine guns, mines, shells, and more.

For the top party leadership of the USSR in 1942, a luxury passenger car called ZIS-110 was developed. The American limousine Packard-180 was taken as a sample of the car.

From the middle of the 20th century, the plant began to produce refrigerators, bicycles, and also began producing defense equipment - ZIS-152 armored personnel carriers and ZIS-485 amphibious vehicles.

After the death of I.A. Likhachev in 1956, the plant was named after him.

In 1958, the first government limousine ZIL-111 appeared, which had a length of more than 6 meters and an eight-cylinder engine with 200 hp. In 1959, the 111A modification, equipped with an air conditioner, went into series. Representative ZILs were intended for the highest leadership of the USSR, members of the Politburo of the CPSU - which is why they were popularly called "members of the party". It was in the 111B convertible that the first cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin appeared before jubilant Moscow during the parade on Red Square. Also, 111G modifications with twin headlights and 111D parade phaeton were released.

In 1967, the ZIL-114 appeared, which became the standard of the Soviet executive car. Its 300 horsepower engine made it one of the fastest government cars in the world. The 114th model was equipped with a central door lock, remote control radio receiver, as well as athermal glasses. In addition, this car has the ability to adjust the steering wheel tilt. In 1971, on the basis of the 114th limousine, a five-seater ZIL-117 sedan was developed, which had a slightly smaller length and weight.

In 1978, the ZIL-115 appeared, later received the index 4104. technical specifications this model has become the most advanced among domestic executive cars. Power increased to 330 hp, and the car accelerated to 100 km / h in 13 seconds. In different versions, the 4104 model was produced until 2002, and a total of 320 cars left the assembly line. Sale announcements this car from detailed description and photos can be found on the manufacturer's page in the brand catalog on our website Auto.dmir.ru.

In 1983, the 4104 was replaced by the 41045th model. On this car, the interior was made in the form of an armored capsule that could withstand the hit of a small-caliber cannon projectile. In 1985, the production of a new model with the index 41047 started, which replaced 41045 on the conveyor. The design of 41047 was made according to the classic scheme: a body on a spar frame, rear driving wheels, independent torsion bar suspension front wheels, rear - dependent. On the basis of this model, the car 41042 was developed for medical services, "Scorpion" - for security system and armored vehicle 41052. In the automobile club of the brand on the website Auto.dmir.ru you can read or leave reviews about the 41047th model.

After the collapse of the USSR, the plant was on the verge of bankruptcy as a result of a sharp drop in demand for trucks associated with the formation of new market principles of economic management. On September 23, 1992 the plant was privatized and transformed into the Open Joint Stock Moscow Company "Plant named after I. A. Likhachev". In 1992, a new three-ton low-tonnage car was created under the index 5301, which was later given the name "Bychok" by the mayor of Moscow, Yuri Luzhkov. According to 1999 data, 13,745 bulls were produced, which occupy more than half of the plant's production.

By the end of the 20th century, the plant produced more than 120 variants of cars, offered various bodies and superstructures for them, produced at a hundred enterprises in Russia and the CIS.

At present, on the basis of ZIL vehicles, the plant, together with other companies, produces a wide range of special equipment: municipal, road construction, garbage trucks, vacuum, sludge, sewer washing, emergency repair vehicles, tank trucks, and car lifts.

In 2005, in addition to automotive production at the plant a unique technology was developed and the casting of church bells was adjusted. 14 bells weighing from 8 kg to 27 tons adorn the Cathedral of Christ the Savior in Moscow.

In 2008 AMO ZIL organized a joint venture with the Chinese company CNHTC for the production of heavy diesel trucks of the HOWO-ZIL brand.

The plant, known today as ZIL (Likhachev plant), was founded more than a hundred years ago, on August 2, 1916. Over this century, over 8 million have left the conveyors of the plant vehicle... The ZIL model range includes both cars and trucks, as well as different types special equipment. To date, the plant has practically ceased to exist: it is no longer produced, the production of light vehicles is also practically curtailed. Nevertheless, this enterprise has left a very bright mark in the history of the domestic automotive industry.

The legend of the car industry - ZIS 5 "Zakhar Ivanovich"

In 1933, a car that later became an epoch-making machine for the automobile plant was released - the famous ZIS 5 (widely known by the nickname "Zakhar Ivanovich", or even simply "Zakhar"). Until 1948, more than 500 thousand copies of this car were produced at the Moscow ZIL plant alone, capable of carrying loads weighing up to 3000 kilograms. In general, taking into account the production capacities of the plants in Ulyanovsk (UlZIS, the future UAZ) and Miass (UralZIS), the circulation of the issue exceeded one million copies.

The car received a lot of changes and improvements compared to previous model - AMO 3. The carrying capacity was increased to three tons, the power of the 5.6 liter engine reached 73 liters. from. The truck was equipped with mechanical brakes, and on a number of modifications, primarily produced during the Great Patriotic War, the brakes were installed only on rear wheels... On the basis of the ZIS 5 model, a variety of ZIL modifications have been produced for many years, including cars with gas generator and a gas cylinder, as well as variations of the ZIS 11 and 12 with an extended base.

In 1937, the first prototype of the new generation was produced at the Moscow plant. freight transport - ZIS 150. Estimated lifting capacity new car was five tons when driving on a good road and 3.5 tons - off-road or dirt road.

Distinctive features of the new truck.

Prototypes of the new model were produced several times even before the start of the Great Patriotic War, but the new truck entered mass production only in 1947. In the first years after the war, ZIL 150 cars had a cabin made partly of wood, because there was a huge problem with metal in the country. The lifting capacity was reduced to four tons, but the power of the 5.6-liter propulsion system was increased to 90, and later to 95 horsepower.

ZIS 150 (later - ZIL 164) was produced in the most various modifications, including onboard ZIL and many others. The total production amounted to over 750 thousand vehicles.

ZIL 130 record holder and its development

Without a doubt, the truck is the absolute record holder. Development of this improved model began in 1956. The planned carrying capacity of the car was four tons, the car was to be equipped with a 130-horsepower V6 engine. However, during the development process, the capacity was increased to 5 tons, and taking into account plans to create modifications such as a truck with a permanent trailer and truck tractor ZIL, the car as a result was equipped with a V8 engine. The volume of the installation was 6 liters, it was based on the unit used in the representative ZIS 111 and had a capacity of 150 liters. with., which many initially regarded as excessive.

Trucks ZIL 130 entered serial production in 1963 and were produced until 1995, that is, more than 30 years! During this time, the so-called "collective farmer" was produced in an amount of over 3.5 million units. A huge number of modifications were made on its basis, including an all-wheel drive tractor, an all-terrain vehicle with a plastic cabin imitating american cars and many others.

Over time, a ZIL test drive revealed that the engine power of 150 liters. from. is already not enough, so the ZIL 133 modification was equipped with diesel engine YaMZ-641, and later - KamAZ 740. This updated ZIL 4 × 4 also received reinforcement rear suspension and new brakes. Serial production of the new model began in 1979.

The machine, the dimensions of which varied depending on the modification, and the volume of the ZIL body made it possible to carry loads weighing up to 10 tons, was equipped with a diesel engine with a volume of 10.85 liters with a power of 210 liters. from. and maximum speed 85 km / h. Three-axle ZIL grade 133, equipped with different models power plants, produced up to 2000.

In 1968, long before the release of a bonneted truck with a diesel engine, the plant was given the task to develop an eight-ton four wheel drive truckwith a cab without a hood and three axles, which reduce the load on road surface... The first example of this model in 1968 was the ZIL 170V75 car, from the last figures in the marking of which it can be understood that its serial production was planned for 1975. The front part of the cab of the car was decorated with large letters "ZIL", but later, on the basis of this development, KamAZ chassis models 5510 and 5320 were released. Distinctive features new steel model:

• engine power equal to 210 hp. from.;
• improved gas mileage;
• 5-speed gearbox equipped with a splitter;
• wheel arrangement 6 × 4;
• center differential lock function.

In 1971, state tests of cars were carried out. Their serial production, as planned, began in 1975 in Naberezhnye Chelny and under the brand name KamAZ 5320, although the ZIL logo flaunted on the cabins of the first prototypes.