Thinking about what to write about this time, I looked into the calendar and found that today is Forest Workers Day, with which I congratulate all of them! One of the main tasks of foresters is to fight forest fires; for this, the forest districts have fire departments and posts, equipped with special equipment. Special fire trucks for extinguishing forest fires began to be developed in the USSR in the late 1960s, and the first model of such a vehicle was produced in 1970. Initially, the GAZ-66 was chosen as a chassis for forest fire trucks, which had good cross-country ability and small dimensions. Fire trucks for foresters based on GAZ-66 were produced until the end of the 1990s, until the "shishiga" was discontinued. Many of these vehicles are still in service, such as this ALP-30 (66-11) -4VR forest patrol vehicle produced in 1993, which was found at a fire station in the village of Dachnoye.
The car is equipped with a water tank for 1000 liters, a pump and a cabin for firefighters; in total, it can take up to 7 crew members to a fire. Its index is standard for fire engines, it is deciphered as follows: first there is a designation of the type of car, in this case ALP is a forest patrol car, then one or several main parameters of the car are indicated, in this case the pump capacity is 30 l / s (though on of this model, a more powerful pump with a capacity of 40 l / s was installed, but for some reason they did not change the index), then in brackets the chassis model numbers are 66-11, and in the last part the model index is 4ВР, where "ВР" is the designation Vargashinsky fire-fighting equipment plant.
Since the late 1990s, the Vargashinsky plant has launched the production of forest fire trucks based on the GAZ-3308 Sadko. This tanker truck АЦ (Л) -1,0-30 (3308) -4ВР, serving in the Ust-Zaostrovsky forestry, became the successor of the ALP-30 (as can be seen from the index), it has the same tank capacity, the pump is the same performance, but the cabin has become more comfortable and tighter, now only 5 soldiers can go to the fire.
In the same forestry there is another Vargashinskaya fire engine - AC (l) -1.6-30 (GAZ-3308) -2ВР, this car, due to the installation of a conventional two-seater cabin, has increased the capacity of the water tank to 1600 liters.
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Recently, more and more companies are engaged in the development and sale of forest fire trucks - due to large-scale forest fires in recent years for the purchase new technology much more money is being allocated than before. The same GAZ-3308 is most often used as a chassis. Once I caught at one of the gas stations on the Tyukalinsky tract a tanker truck AC (L) -1.0-40 (GAZ-3308) produced by the Miass company "Pozhavto", very similar in characteristics and layout to the Vargashinsky products.
I have a lot of photographic material on the topic of fire, so there will be stories about other interesting fire trucks.
In the USSR, in rural areas, in the 60-70s, fire-fighting tankers of a simplified design ATsU-20 (years of production 1962-1968) were most widely used. Interestingly, the ATsU-20 served for a very long time, and individual copies could be found on collective farms, state farms and small enterprises even in the nineties!
In 1962, a special fire engine for rural areas, developed by the Special Design Bureau of Fire Trucks of the Ministry of Construction, Road and Communal Engineering of the USSR, went into production. It was an ATsU-20 tanker, officially designated in departmental circulars as "model 60". ACU-20 was a tank truck of a simplified design, designed to deliver personnel, a supply of water and a minimum amount of fire-fighting equipment to the place of fire, as well as to supply the so-called first barrel without installing a tank at a water source. Also, these tank trucks can also be used to supply water over long distances by pumping or to transport water in waterless areas.
ACU-20 was produced in two versions - based on truck GAZ-51A with a 4x2 wheel arrangement and based on the GAZ-63 all-terrain vehicle, which made it possible to use them in off-road conditions. In accordance with the classification adopted in those years, this fire engine, mounted on a vehicle chassis with a carrying capacity of up to 4 tons, belonged to the light type. Based on the intended purpose - the delivery of the maximum possible (based on the carrying capacity of the chassis) amount of water to the fire site, the ATsU-20 (51A) and ATsU-20 (63) tankers had a simplified body and a standard single-row cabin designed for two people. It was assumed that the missing number of tank crews during fire extinguishing would be replenished from voluntary fire organizations settlement or the facility where the machine is applied.
By eliminating the crew cabin and reducing the number of fire-fighting equipment, it was possible to increase the amount of exported water to 1550 liters. In the rear compartment of the tanker there was a PN-20 pump with a water supply of 1200 l / min, which is driven on the ATsU-20 (51A) tanker from the engine through the power take-off and on the ATsU-20 (63) tanker through the power take-off and gearbox ...
A simplified design fire-fighting tanker ATsU-20 (63) on the GAZ-63 chassis 1 - driver's cab 2 - spare wheel; 3, 4 - left and right compartments: 5 - tank; 6 - pump; 7 - engine control mechanism; 8 - pump compartment
The pump section was all-metal, welded, it was located behind the tank and was heated by heat exhaust gases engine passing through a special battery located under the pump.
The water tank was made of 3 mm thick sheet steel. It was welded, with a hinged lid on the neck, was located in the middle of the car and was attached to the chassis spars by means of tension clamps. In the bottom of the tank there was a sump with a screwed cap, and on the rear end wall there were two flanges for attaching the pump pipelines for filling the tank with water and taking water from it. Behind the cab, on the left and right sides of the tanker, two all-metal welded boxes were installed on the brackets. Each of them was divided into two compartments and was intended to house fire-fighting equipment. Both boxes had blind doors equipped with locks and limit stops.
A heat exchanger was included in the engine cooling system for additional cooling of the water circulating during stationary engine operation in summer period... The cooling system ensured long-term continuous operation of the engine to drive the pump at an ambient temperature of up to 35 degrees. The cars were equipped with two all-metal boxes for placing fire-fighting equipment.
The manufacture of ACU-20 was taken up by the Vargashinsky plant of fire-fighting equipment (VZPPO), which is in the Kurgan region. This pozhmashina has become widespread practically throughout the territory of the former Soviet Union. However, her age was short-lived. The fact is that in the sixties in Russian Federation firefighting equipment of a similar, light class on a car chassis (and on the same GAZ-51A) was also produced by a plant in the village of Grabovo, Penza region. This enterprise, starting from 1967-1968, was supposed to master the production of more progressive "firefighters" model "106", based already on the GAZ-53 chassis. But "from above" it was decided to specialize GrAZ in the construction of refueling equipment, so the documentation for the "106th" was transferred to Vargashi, where they soon began to make it instead of the "60th". In the same place, at VZPPO, they later mastered the production of a simplified type tanker and on an all-wheel drive chassis, however, it was not GAZ-63, but GAZ-66, which was taken as a basis.
The performance characteristics of the fire truck ATsU-20
| Model | ACU-20 (51A) | ACU-20 (63) |
| Base chassis | GAZ-51A | GAZ-63 |
| Overall dimensions, mm | ||
| length | 5820 | 5820 |
| width | 2200 | 1920 |
| height | 2130 | 2200 |
| base, mm | 3300 | |
| Engine | GAZ-51 | |
| a type | Carburetor, four-stroke | |
| number of cylinders | 6 | |
| maximum power (s limiter), l. from. |
70 | |
| Capacity, l | ||
| water tank | 1550 | |
| fuel tank | 90 | |
| cooling systems | 15 | |
| heat exchanger | 1,5 | |
| Pump | ||
| brand | PN-20L | PN-20L |
| a type | Centrifugal, left-hand rotation, without guide vane | |
| delivery at a head of 95 m water. Art. and suction lift 3.5 m, l / min |
1200 | |
| pump installation location | In a closed compartment at the rear of the chassis | |
| Weight with full load and combat crew of 2 persons, kg | 3350 | 3510 |
| Maximum speed (with a limiter), km / h | 70 | 65 |
| Control fuel consumption at a speed of 40 km / h, l / 100 km | 20 | 25 |
GAZ trucks have always been famous for their high maintainability. And this is a very important quality - the GAZ truck is so good that it can be repaired almost in the field. On the chassis trucks various special equipment was created - "nurses", military vehicles, drilling machines, and so on.
Fire tanker АЦ 1,6-40 based on Gas
GAZ fire engines were also produced - they also became popular due to their high reliability and low prices.
The history of fire trucks at GAZ begins in 1932. At the base of the first Nizhny Novgorod truck, the PMG-1 car was produced. The machine was equipped with a 50 hp engine. with., fire equipment could reach speeds of up to 70 km / h. The car, unlike a simple truck, was equipped with a power take-off. Only two people could fit in the cockpit, including the driver. But for the personnel, a wooden body designed for 8 people was installed in the back.
This is what the first PMG-1 fire truck looks like
A container with water was mounted in the middle of the body; it was designed for only 150 liters. There was a device at the back of the cabin that allowed it to be connected to a centralized water supply network.
Fire trucks of the Gorky Automobile Plant
Even if you do not take into account the pre-war years, quite a lot of brands of fire fighting equipment were produced on the basis of the chassis in the entire history of the existence of GAZ on the basis of its cars. It was created on the chassis:
- GAZ 63;
- GAZ 66;
- GAZ-33092;
- GAZ 3308 "Sadko";
- and GAZ 53 12;
- GAZ-331041 "Valdai";
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The only version based on a light SUV was a model on the GAZ 69 chassis. The tank truck was created to extinguish fires in peat mining. There was even a somewhat unusual GAZ fire engine based on the BTR 80 - it had the factory index GAZ-59402 and the name "Blizzard". But the most popular were cars on the chassis and.
Fire truck GAZ-66
Fire truck GAZ 66 v big city you do not meet often, and this is not surprising. Any car can quickly reach on good roads - an SUV is more needed where a simple truck will not "pass". In particular, the 66th is practically irreplaceable when extinguishing forest fires, at drilling sites and in remote rural areas.
On the basis of GAZ 66, many modifications of the fire engine were created. The history of firefighting tankers begins in the mid 60s of the twentieth century. There are 9 modifications on the 66 chassis.
The main manufacturer of tankers was the Vargashinsky plant in the Kurgan region, which was engaged in the production of fire-fighting equipment.
The first model AC-20 (66) began to be produced in 1966. The machine was designed to extinguish forest fires and fires in rural areas.
Fire truck based on GAZ 66
Models of fire engines were designated by digital indices, this modification had the number 99. AC-20 (66) had a tank capacity of 920 liters and a PN-20K pump.
The next model 146 (AC-30 (66-01)) was produced since 1971 - the capacity was increased to 1500 liters, and new pump PN-40. The Vargashinsky plant has been producing model 147 since 1976 - the car had a tank of 980 liters and a portable pump of the PMP-L brand. In 1979, the Kurgan residents created a new fire truck AC-30 (66) - this is one of the most famous tank trucks on chassis 66. This car had a solid supply of water (1600 l) and a high-performance pump PN-40UA.
There are many small towns and villages in Russia where you can see unusual or even rare cars. For example, this truck is a mix of an all-wheel drive chassis from a GAZ-66 and a cab from a ZIL-130.
Please note that he has a double-row cab. She used to stand in an old fire truck. This combination of chassis and cab looks ridiculous, but not everyone has the opportunity to buy new trucks.
When installing the cab, there were problems: it turned out to be too long, so in order to fit it, I had to cut out the lower part rear doors... By the way, in the background you see the GAZ-66, which became the donor of spare parts for this project.
The purpose of the truck is not known. Previously, people created such machines out of necessity from what was at hand. It is likely that the truck was used as a tractor, or maybe workers were transported on it through difficult and swampy places.
Since the cab and hood of the truck take up almost all the space on the frame, the designers had to find a new place for the fuel tank. It was installed behind the cab on the only free piece of the truck frame.
Photos - Erofeev, Rudov
