In early November, a presentation of the modernized version of the most popular domestic snowmobile was held in the sports and entertainment complex for active and extreme recreation of the most popular domestic snowmobile - "Taiga Varyag 550 V" from the company "Russian Mechanics".
"Taiga Varyag 550 V" became more maneuverable and more comfortable, while retaining all its unique operating parameters and price availability.
Snowmobile "Taiga Varyag 550 V" has a number additional features, equipped with modern components, thanks to which its running and performance. His appearance is due to the needs of residents of Central Russia. Their lifestyle nominates other requirements for technology.
"If in remote regions - in Siberia, in the Urals and North - snowmobiles are used in the overwhelming majority of cases on economic purposes, then in the middle lane - for active leisure. If in the first case, the snowmobile is a work technique, then in the second - for rest. Snowmobile "Taiga Varyag 550 V" specially designed for residents of Central Russia, which prefer to rest in nature, appreciate comfort and know how to count money, "presented the potential owner, the main manager of the marketing group and advertising of Innocent Dick.
"Taiga Varyag 550 V" satisfies all the requirements for modern snowmobile techniques. He received an anterior telescopic suspension from a powerful and high-speed Rybinsky snowmobile "Taiga Bars 850". Increased to 143 mm stroke rose smoothness and reduced the force on the steering wheel. New rear suspension, the course of which is increased to 277 mm, has a horizontally located shock absorber, which gives rise to greater energy intensity and smoothing irregularities. A 31-millimeter car height on the Magnum caterpillar provides high permeability by deep snow, improved dynamics during acceleration and braking, steady passage of turns. The Canadian variator allows a snowmobile to work smoothly on any modes, smoothly truncated from space on smaller turnover, develop most speed Without increasing fuel consumption. The mechanical brake is replaced by hydraulic, which reduces the effort to the lever, provides convenience of control, improves the reliability and safety of equipment. New high steering with a leather case improves ergonomics and appearance Snowmobile.
"Taiga Varyag 550 V" - this is a modern, comfortable snowmobile high passability with optimal set Functions, easy to use, easy to manage, affordable. At the same time, the manufacturer emphasizes updated model It does not compete with the serial "Varyag", since, in fact, it is its special compliance and is directed to the local target group. In addition, season 2013 and serial "Varyag 550" meets in an updated form. Hydraulic brakes appeared on snowmobiles, an improved cooling system, the latest insulating materials in the subcontrol space. New windshield Completed from durable polycarbonate. The material in the case of a strike does not ourselves, but only bends, while maintaining the original shape. The lightweight trunk has become more compatible due to the transfer of headlights, and the seat locks are more comfortable.
The fact that the serial "Varyag" is in the ranks, and neither the snow, neither rain, nor the impassive alpine, proved the demonstration performances on the dragoceing. In one of the races on the starting line, a domestic snowmobile and an imported quad bike with a similar engine capacity was released. The route by this time was a solid mud bath. Skeptics did not give the car any chance, however, the technical savvy spectators spoke about the larger area of \u200b\u200bcontact of the caterpillars with the surface, the ability to fast start And acceleration. And they were right. On the direct portion of the track, the snowmobile is more than quad bike, however, he inferior to him in maneuverability during turn, demanding a larger radius. The result of two races 1: 1, the technique has proven its reliability and increased patency, while maintaining intrigue in the confrontation of the spreading equipment.
Every year, competitors are increasingly striving to enter the segment of budget snowstock, so keep the leading position domestic manufacturer It gets harder. However, "Taiga Varyag 550", and "Taiga Varyag 550 V" have a significant price advantage over comparable models of foreign production. In addition, this year became for the "Russian mechanics" decisive in terms of the development of the motorious business.
"We will seriously develop the summer direction in order to become a full-fledged party of quadrility. In the structure of the company, a separate unit was created, and the work on the expansion of the model line has already begun. In the nearest plans to increase model Row more than twice. Within two years, "Russian Mechanics" will release at least six new quadrocycles, "said Innokentiy Dick's future prospects.
For the implementation of plans "Russian Mechanics" is waiting for a production update. The technician program of the company provides for investments in the amount of 250 million rubles. It will not be just an increase in the number of produced motovisters, but the introduction of new production stages. One of these is its own large-sized plastic casting, which will provide a new quality of performance, a fundamentally different appearance of products.
"The task of the company is one worth developing. So, we will be with you what to do in the coming years, "said Innokenti Dick in the final and invited journalists to test drives of numerous new products.
When working on a lathe, very often the need for different speeds of rotation of the workpiece arises. This is explained by the fact that with different operations it is necessary. As a result, turning machines, and not only, equipped with whole groups of pulleys. These pulleys, in turn, allow you to change the speed of rotation of the billets, throw the transfer belt to a specific point. There are some disadvantages in this, related to the fact that the machine must be stopped and so on. Therefore, as a solution to the problem, we suggest you make a homemade variator for the machine.
It cannot be said that this option has no problems and its drawbacks. On the contrary, there are such disadvantages, and the main one of them is essential belt slipping, in comparison with the clinorem transmission. But, such a slipping is a good protection of the motor from the jams of blanks. In addition, even such a simple way allows you to change the speed of rotation of the blanks, without turning off the machine, and the speed of rotation will be adjusted very smoothly.
Well, let's see how to make such a variator personally. First of all, it is necessary to make wooden cones, choosing the solid tree of the tree. Cones not necessarily do with the machine. They can be made of disks cut by the jigsaw. So, it is necessary to cut them under such an angle, which will be equal to the corner of the cone. Therefore, to make such an operation, it is far from being necessary to use an electric jigsaw, quite conspicuous and manual. When all the discs are cut, they need to be collected in one single cone. So, the discs can be placed on good glue, or to knock down nails. At the same time, use small nails and note that they need to be navigated evenly, so as not to violate the center of gravity cone. Thus, be extremely attentive.
Sawing the blanks of the jib, according to the corners described above
Now that cones are ready, they must be put on the rods from the metal. Moreover, it is necessary to start as close as possible and stronger. After you installed the cone on the rod in the final position, do not forget to fix them with screws.
So the cones are fixed
In order for the belt to freely move along the cones, and fix in the position you need, you need to make a guide on the rollers. In the figure below, you can clearly see the design of the guides, and you can use wooden coils as rollers to which threads are usually wound.
And so looks guiding on the rollers
Also, as rollers you can take ordinary ball bearings. Even if they are not wide enough, you can set two, three or more bearings depending on which size they are, and what size track on which they will move. And of course, you can use fluoroplastic rollers, as shown in the figure, but this option will cost more than the rest.
After the guide is ready, it will have to move along the cones by moving the nut. In turn, this nut is screwed onto a rotating screw (and freely rotating), or a threaded bar. But, so that the screw could not move along our cones, not his end screwed two piles, which are tightened relative to themselves. If a threaded rod is used, do such an operation on both sides. You can glue the guide nut with glue, or solder.
Also, you need to make a handle that will rotate the screw. Here, you can do it as tells you your experience, but as an example, we give a picture with the execution of such a handle.
In this case, the handle is not necessarily soldered. It is enough to hold it between the nuts, of course, if there is a hole in the center of this plate.
We remind you that stable and normal work The variator will be using the belt of the circular section. Therefore, do not miss important details, and proceed to the manufacture of a self-made variator with a fantasy, experimenting on one or another solution.
More about machines:
The scope of the variator in the technique is large, it is used to optimize the vehicle movement mode. This device is changing with which gear ratio From the engine to the transmission.
AT automotive industry With it, it is possible to effectively select the ratio of the gear ratio (engine transmission). How to repair the variator with your own hands, its advantages and disadvantages are disclosed in this article.
Variator, its use, positive factors
Cars manufactured with a variator different economysince the engine works almost constantly in optimal mode, fewer toxic gases emitted into the air, best overclocking Auto.
Provided by a smooth gear ratio and a smooth set of a car stroke, no jerks. Transmission nodes serve more than long term, than in step box Transmissions. When to compare the variator with automatic transmission, the design is simpler, which allows you to repair with your own hands.
Despite all positive traitsThis device is not perfect box gears caused to this is his friction work. This is when the torque is transmitted with friction, and has limitations if they exceed them, the belt will start slipping, with high speed wear.
The variator on the car is unwanted to often use at maximum loads, you should not apply on these cars and "sports" driving mode, with frequent jerks, braking. The perfect and long-term work of it is when the car is operated in calm driving, smoothly.
How the variator works
On the modern cars Applied two types of variators:
- Clinorem transfer.
- Torus.
The clinorem transmission consists of 2 pulleys, between which the special manufacture belt is stretched. The first pulley is connected to the engine of the machine (presenter), the second pulley (slave) is connected to the leading wheels of the car. Sliding pulleys are applied, they consist of 2 halves when they come closer, the belt is pushed out, and when they are moving, it fails. A synchronous change in the rotation radius is occurring, with an increase on one pulley, a decrease on another pulley is made. This is achieved smoothness of gear ratio.
When the radius of the driving pulley is less, and the slave more is reduced transmission. If the belt is rotated by a large radius on the drive pulley and a small on the slave pulley, this is an increased transmission.
Despite the simplicity, the use of the variator in cars began recently, the invention of a special belt contributed to this. A simple belt for these purposes is not suitable.
Belt of the clinorem transmission
Variator belt with clinorem transmission made from 2 metal ribbonswhich are driven plates from metal having a special form. When the belt links are pressed to each other, the transmission of force is transmitted by pushing them with the drive pulley.
Important! The presenter pulley connected to the engine pushes the metal belt links, clamped between its discs, and they already pushed the neighboring links to the slave pulley. This belt is pushing, which made it possible to transmit great efforts and apply it on cars.
In some technical self-propelled machines applied chain transmission Instead of clinorem, there are no differences on the principle of operation, except for one, the chain transmits effolding and power through the ends of the axes of the links of the chain, performed in the ambulance.
Tori variators
For greater transmission of torque, tori variators are used, compared with the clinorenic transmissions. For them, the disadvantages that are available in clinorem transmissions are preserved, both in one and the second transmission occurs with the help of friction.
The cost of the main variator is higher than the Klinorenny, this is caused by the details of its design, made of high-strength steel, and in its service it is used special friction grease.
For a better understanding of the issue, consider what it consists of practical design of the variator:
From the above material, it can be seen that the variator can be viewed as a type of automatic transmission and repair it independently not easyFor this you need to have skills and know its design:
- The clutch function on the car with the variator performs a sprocket package, a torque converter can be used instead. Frictions use easier, they are smaller in size, but the smooth inclusion of speeds is better at the hydrotransformer, it is operated longer, its parameters are better at the time of overclocking the car.
- Planetary transmission provides car movement back.
- The control system includes: control unit, hydraulic pulleys interaction system, sensors. It works on the principle of data collection (engine speed, what is the speed of the car, in what position the "gas pedal") and the definitions for them are better gear ratio.
- Hydraulic pump provides superior pressure at hydraulic system, as well as lubrication of the design elements of the variator. The system supports the pressure proportional to the spinning moment when it is greater, the discs are stronger, the belts do not slip.
On the example of Auto Auto Auto NissanYou can consider more Repair of the variator with your own hands. The problem occurs when the car moves at a speed of 50-60 km / h, the variator begins to make an unpleasant noise, this is a common disease for this brand of auto.
Tools required for the repair of the variator:
- Impact screwdriver, not electrical, powerful.
- Clamps 6 pieces.
- A hammer.
- Set of keys 10-14.
- Prepare a container for small spare parts.
In the process of disassembling the variator, all the details have working surface In the sequence of their removal, it will help when assembling the device.
Actions performed in order:
- We unscrew the bolts from the cutting cap, their 6 pieces.
- A screwdriver must be clinging for the edges of the disassemble and remove it.
- We see a conical bearing, which should be removed and placed in the container in which there are already 6 bolts.
- Transfer the variator.
- We take out part of its housing and shaft in this position.
- To remove the cover, they cut it with a hammer, remove the lid, it is 50% of the work.
- Six open, remove them, fold into another container.
- We unscrew the available pump screws, remove the gear with the pump chain.
- Opened access to the oil pump. Remove neatly, for the tip of the shaft movement up, the pump is moving away.
- The shaft is removed. On the other hand, the box turns out everything removed.
- Again turn the variator and remove the cover using a screwdriver.
- Access to the variator nodes is available, these are two shafts and a belt. An inspection of nodes visually from all sides with good lighting.
- Clamps can be torn straps, then remove the pulleys with a belt from the case of the variator.
- On the working surface, remove the pulleys from the belt. Bearing opens if you can feel the uneven backlash for its ring, which causes noise.
- We replace the bearing and perform an assembly in the reverse order.
So with their own hands was eliminated noise in automatic transmissionIt should be noted that all nodes in the disassembly process are washed with gasoline, and when elements that require special lubrication are collected, should be lubricated.
Application of variator in machines
Machine equipment is equipped with a variator in cases where it is necessary to change the rotation speed of the workpiece. In industrial variants of lathes there are several pulleys, and rearrangement of the belt between them, it is inconvenient, such an operation requires stopping of machinery.
An alternative to machine equipment is a homemade variator for the machine. The disadvantage of it is the sprinking of the belt, but it protects the engine when the cloth is wedge. Experts, having considered the self-made variator, came to the conclusion that under the existing shortcomings, it increases the performance of the work, do not turn off the machine, and the speed is adjustable smoothly.
Consider from which the machine variator consists, and how can you make it yourself, when there are a lathe.
Required operations:
- We make cones, you can use wood solid rock. They are filled with an electric bike, with an angle of inclination at an equal corner of the cone.
- Wooden cones must be placed on metal rods as deeply can be fixed by their screws.
- With the help of rollers, the guide is made, which gives the belt in cones and fixing the desired speed. If there are no rollers, this operation uses the desired bearings.
- With a threaded rod and a rotating screw, the guide moves along the cones.
The best model can be collected using round belts. At home, for your own lathe, this variator helps significantly in operation.
To date, the variator gearbox is very popular, which is primarily due to the simplicity of the design. Nevertheless, in order to repair the variator, you must have some knowledge and skills. This is due to the fact that this device includes different systems and nodes, the improper use of which can lead to their breakdown. Large differences in the repair of the Variator Nissan, Honda, Mitsubishi or Tayota is not.
Most often, the breakdown of a stepless gearbox happens as a result of non-compliance with the main rules of service and operation ::
- - violation of the timing of the update of transmission;
- - driving in bad road conditions;
- - violation of the timing of the filter shift;
- - rapid sharp brakes;
- - the use of low-quality lubricants;
- - riding at maximum speed;
- - Incorrect driving.
In order to secure CVT from possible faultsSuch maintenance should be followed:
- - Upgrading the oil every 30,000 - 40,000 km of run and;
- - replacement of shaft sensors and step-by-step engine after the occurrence of 70,000km run;
- - Timely replacement of filtering components.
Note that the repair is more expensive than its diagnosis.
Diagnosis of variator
If a certain malfunction really happened to the electronic part, on the placed on dashboard The monitor must appear the "Service Required" notification. On the same monitor, the "Slow Down" should be placed if the fluid temperature exceeded the norm. For self-reading diagnostics, you can use the program with Google Play CVTZ50and adapter ELM327.
To accurately detect problems and their independent eliminationThe special diagnosis is required, which is performed using special equipment. Many faults have their own code through which:
- - sensor malfunctions;
- - reduced or high blood pressure in pulley;
- - ECU faults;
- - breakage of the stepper electric motor, highway and valves.
When performing diagnostics, it should be remembered that the cause of the variator malfunction is not only a breakdown of a certain node. Often, the reason for the breakdown of the variator gear is in damage to the wiring or some connector. Either the cause can act a failure of the functioning of the variator.
There are such situations in which in the event of trouble detection, the control system of the variator is automatically translated into a special mode. Difference special regime The usual consists in the presence of a fixed gear ratio.
If the failure in the work of CVT is concentrated in the mechanical part, then it will take a number of measures to detect it:
- - checking the condition of the oil;
- - test during driving;
- - establishment of signs of malfunction;
- - Analyzing data ECU.
Repair of variator
The normal functioning of the variator box can be impaired as a result of various problems and failures. Often manifests how the bearing, creaking and foreign Summas. As a rule, in such cases requires a disassembly of the variator.
Among the tools that are needed to disassemble the stepless gearbox - this is:
- - Keys set;
- - large desktop;
- - Screwdriver Set;
- - Capacities in which parts will be broken;
- - ordinary hammer;
- - Clamps.
Disassembly assembly of variator
To begin with, prepare the containers for spare parts (you can place them by order of disassembly for convenience). To certainly remember the order of disassembly, remove the procedure on the camera or mark the details.
It is desirable that the room is cleaned and well lit:
- - unscrew the cap bolts and remove it;
- - remove the shaft and part of the housing;
- - unscrew the balance of the bolts;
- - Remove the second part of the lid and gear;
- - unscrew the pump casing screws;
- - Remove the gear and chain of the pump;
- - Remove the cover oil pump and remove the shaft;
- - Turn the variator and remove the last cover using a screwdriver;
- - pull the belt with the homutics;
- - remove the pulleys with a belt;
- - Free the pulleys from the belt.
After graduating from the variator, check each system and node. First of all, inspect the status of the bearings and the size of the backlash (whether it has not increased). Inspect the state of the belt and its stretch, gear, hydraulic unit and other parts.
If noise is heard in the transmission, this means the presence of increased bearing wear. This malfunction is eliminated by replacing bearings, which can be done independently.
Conclusion
You must detect and eliminate timely. Otherwise, this will lead to more serious problems and, accordingly, greater cash flow. We recommend not to risk, but use the services of an official dealer or a low-profile company that is engaged in the repair of this CAT.
I have many articles about automatic gearboxes (especially I love the usual automatic transmission). However, I consider the second to distribute the variator or CVT, a lot of cars are produced precisely with such a transmission. When you choose new car (or even used) Before you will definitely get such a choice What to take - variator transmission, hydrotransformer or robotic? If the usual "automatic" is studied "along and across" (if problems arise, they are all known), with a robot, too, everything is clear (it is not worth looking in his direction). That's the third type like and reliable, but few know what it is, what the principle of its work, the main advantages and cons. That is, this is such a "dark horse." Today I will try to reveal the topic in simple language, tell what is to be afraid, and what not ...
Problems of this automatic transmission Very similar to the usual "hydro-industry" in spite of the various designs (we are already). In the end, I will try to tell you in the video version of how to extend the service life to she go long and without problems. However, to start a definition
Definition
Variator - Variator Transmission - CVT (Continuously Variable Transmission - Stenent Transmission) - a type automatic box Transmissions that smoothly transmits torque from the engine wheels (or other propulsors, such as ship screws), has no gears, but can automatically change the gear ratio along a given program or manually.
It should be noted that this box, unlike its collections, the automatic transmission and the robot does not have variable gears, that is, there are no familiar jokes when changing gear ratios, a set of speeds are clear and smooth, efficiency (if you believe the characteristics, not significantly but more), due to its structure
Principle of operation
As you understood from above, there are no gears here, and the change in the gear ratio (increase or decrease) is smoothly, to the "set values". Of course, there is a software component that allows you to create "steps", but they are made programmatically for manual control, for example, in dirt or snow (when you need the maximum thrust and speed is not important). And the box itself is stepless - which allows you to transmit efforts from the power unit wheels more accurately.
At the moment there are two main buildings of the variator:
- These are clinical . They apply to 95% of cars equipped with such a transmission
- Toroids . Due to a more complex structure and settings, now practically do not apply
Because clinomeric It is now the most common type (it is installed on a large number of Nissan, Audi, Infinity, etc.) Let's start with it
So, here the gear ratio is transmitted from one pulley ( master - It is associated with a power unit), another ( ledom - associated with drives and then with wheels) for the means of a special belt.
The change in the number occurs due to changes in the diameter of the pulleys. They are not "cast", but are made collapsible, namely, two half of the conical shape (planted on the shaft), which can diverge and converge. As it becomes clear - the diameter at the point of contacting the pulley with the belt is constantly changing depending on the load and speed.
Simple words, everything is happening: - When the car is "touched", he needs maximum effortto be moving away. So that the load on the motor was minimal - the presenter shaft must be the smallest diameter (the cones are bred at the point of contact). The slave in its case should be the maximum size (its cones are reduced on the contrary). Thus, the presenter must make several revolutions to move the driven only one (the maximum number) is very much reduces the effort on force aggregateand work easier to work.
After the speed grows, the gear ratio should be changed to a smaller side - it is necessary to reduce the traction force, but increase the revolutions on the slave shaft. It all happens on the contrary - the cones of the lead pulley begin to converge (the diameter grows), and the slave - to disperse (reduces).
With the maximum size of the driving shaft and the minimum slave, the first will make one turn, but the second must do several (therefore its rotation speed is maximum), but with such a situation and the load on the motor is much larger.
As you understood due to changes in the diameters of two shafts and belt transmission between them - the desired gear ratio is achieved
Now small animation, look
Toroid type of variator It has a completely different principle of work. Here, the effort is transmitted using special rollers that are clamped between shafts, they have a toroidal form (hence the name) and are located on one axis
To change the transfer number in such a design in such a design, you need to change the position of the rollers. For maximum thrust you need to turn roller clamps toward the slave shaft, in this position the diameter of the contact of the roller and the shaft will be minimal, and the slave is maximum.
When the speed set, a decrease in the number and increasing rotation is needed, the rollers are discharged to the other side (the leading shaft), while the diameters change the opposite.
I think it is understandable, no longer will focus on this.
Variator device
The meaning has to talk about the work of the clinical variator gearbox (because the fellow is practically not sold now).
The box is installed on the engine (or longitudinally, or transversely). In order to smoothly connect it with the engine and to disconnect the (neutral mode) to the desired moments, the clutch system is provided.
Now many manufacturers went to the hydrotransformer, similar to classic ACPP. However, other manufacturers can use other types - centrifugal, electromagnetic or multi-disc (wet variants). The use of the hydrotophilater is due to high performance and high operational characteristics, including durability.
Now about the device of the variator. It is difficult to describe it enough, yet it is not simple design, but I will try:
- Shafts with changeable cones. I will not tell about it again (the principle told upstairs). I would like to note that due to the large loads of the surface of the cones of the variator are made from high strength steels
- Belt or chain. Designed to connect two shafts. The belt can be called with a stretch, all because it consists of special metal tapes interconnected by special shaped parts having a look at the butterfly and giving a special form-free form. It works by side parts, which, thanks to the forces of friction, it is in contact with the clins of pulleys. Thus, the moment is passed from one shaft to another. It is worth noting that other manufacturers, such as Audi, use a chain mechanism, it has a large number of small links and provides small bend radii. It employs not the side surface, but the end. And chain and belt are designed for high loads, but they do not tolerate high overheating (may be deformed)
- Butter. Yes, do not be surprised, the lubricant inside is also an important component and high demands are presented to it, usually goes here , Which is poured into the machine. It is needed not only for lubrication, but also for injection pressure in the pump to push or shift cones
- Oil pump. Just pressure pressure in the system
- Hydbot. It manages the oil supply to the right channels, that is, either in one cone (shaft) or to another. By the way, slipping and other kicks, and push can be related to it.
- Filter. There may be a lot of them, both in the hydroblock itself and beyond. They catch the dirt and small metal particles from the belt and cones, not letting them score minor channels
- Radiator. On the variator gearbox it is required! Remember, this transmission is very quickly overheated when slipping and high loads, so to cool the oil, you need an external radiator unit. Some on parcktails who love to climb in dirt and bounce (for example Mitsubishi Outlander.) put additional radiators to remove excess heating
- Well, the last is the control unit of the variator. it electronic devicewhich works in a pair with the ECU, receiving the necessary commands from him. It gives orders of electronics and shafts to take one or another configuration that corresponds to this speed and load
This is a device in a nutshell in order to understand general principle Work. It is worth noting that initially the variator did not have a reverse rotation, that is, movement back. Therefore, the design introduced planetary broadcastwhich allows you to do it. However, it has so much complicated the design.
A few words - about oil and filter
I can not keep silent and not speak about this item in more detail. The oil in CVT is also a very important component in the work of the entire device as a whole, as actually and oil filter. Many manufacturers, official dealers They may assure you that it is covered here for the entire service life. It is extremely not true!
Oil and filter are consumables And many manufacturers say that it is necessary to change them every 60,000 km, and in difficult conditions (which are our Russian realities - frost, snow, heat, rains, dirt and traffic jams in megalopolis) It is worth changing more often, I would personally advise after 40 000 km.
What will happen if not change? Oil wear out and often burns (from big Mileage), forming inside the deposits that can score various channels and filters. The main filter can also be clogged with sediments, metal dust and other "work products". As a result, pressure drops from the oil pump to highways of the hydraulic block and the cones itself, which are reduced to the shafts. The variator begins to buck, kick, or can even get into emergency mode.
