VAZ 2121, Niva is one of the most recognized SUVs in the world. Despite, without a small, forty-year history and almost not changed during this time appearance, the car is still in demand and has its buyer. They are imposed by the unpretentiousness of the car and its permeability. The second quality of the Niva provides a unique transmission with the permanent actual actuator and the possibility of blocking differentials. However, even the owners of the SUV do not always correctly understand the purpose of the levers in the car. Therefore, the short dismounting, differentials and blockages, will not be completely superfluous.
A little about the transmission of Niva
The main nodes of the transmission of VAZ 2121 and all subsequent modifications are:
- Cardan shafts;
- Transmission;
- Dispensing box for two ranges;
- Front and rear axle.
The first two points are clear and special issues do not cause, and the remaining need to consider a little more.
Bridges Niva
The basis of any leading bridge is differential. Without him, the car could only go straight. The fact is that when turning left and right wheel There are different distance, and if they are rigidly attached to the axis - the slip of one of them cannot be avoided. This is not taking into account the fact that the load on the axis in this case will exceed all limits. Theoretically, this does not occur in practice and precisely thanks to the differential. It distributes an effort in such a way that only one wheel is always spinning.
It is not the leading constantly, as it could seem, it would be too simple. The traction force is transmitted by the wheel that meets less resistance. That is why when the car is one wheel on dry asphalt, and the other on the ice, then it will be to spin it that is the slippery surface. 
With reference to Niva, it has three differentials. Two in the front and rear bridges, inter-track, and one, inter-axis, in a handout. What is it needed for? This is the reverse side of a permanent full drive. The fact is that if both bridges give the same effort, then the car can move only straightforwardly. So that it can turn, the traction effort on bridges should change, by analogy with the wheels on each of them. The larger the load on the bridge, the less the torque should be on it. Otherwise, with a full drive, breakdowns can not be avoided.
In fairness it should be noted that there are many SUVs, in which the inter-axis differential is absent. But it is not necessary to forget that the drive is not constant there, and it is possible to include it for short time and only on ice or in dirt so that the wheels have the ability to slip.
Forced blocking of differential on the Niva
What is the differential blocking to the Niva? The inter-seed differential is good. But there may be conditions for which only one wheel of four can rotate. What is the point in full drive? Togliatti designers have provided. The Niva is equipped with a forced blocking of the mid-scene differential. This means that the driver, if necessary, can level the speed of both bridges. Thus, they will constantly rotate one wheel on different axesAs a result, the car's permeability increases significantly. But it is possible to use forced blocking only off-road. By the way, some drivers do not particularly delve into the design of the Niva and mistakenly believe that, switching the small lever back, they include front axle. No, this handle is just blocking the inter-seed differential.
For considerations of the passability it would be very good if, let all 4th wheels rotated a short time. In this case, the car would be a little inferior to the tractor. But Niva has the so-called free inter-wheeled differential, i.e., the torque is alternately fed to one of the wheels and the forced blocking is not provided for the Niva. 
Moreover, there is no such blocking and Chevrolet-Niva.
The American concern liked the transmission so much that they transferred it to a joint car almost unchanged. "Almost" - because GM designers combined the control of the distribution and the forced blocking of the differential. As a result - two levers instead of three. Patriotic owners of domestic SUVs are considered, by the way, the convenience of such innovation is dubious. Another change touched the fixation of the dispensing box. Thanks to her new supports, the vibrations in the cabin became much smaller.
Forced interlocking of the interstole differential on the field
The VAZ SUV was developed as a car for the village. At that time they said that additional blocking Complete design, and therefore make it more expensive and less reliable. In addition, the Niva has a good permeability. This is probably correct. However, in a country where the percentage of roads with a solid coating, from their total number, relatively small, I want more.
This also used various small and large enterprises, having mastered the release of differentials with forced blocking. Immediately need to note the following .
Installation on the Niva instead of standard differentials, mechanisms with forced blocking, significantly increases the load on the semi-axis and disposal boxthat can lead to their premature failure.
Therefore, before converting the car, we need to weigh everything well and be sure to consult with experts.
And, nevertheless, since such a rework is possible, you need to say a few words about it. Differentials were currently the greatest distribution:
- With pneumatic connections;
- Electrically connected;
- Self-locking.
Briefly - the advantages and disadvantages of each of them.
Pneumatic connection.
Wheel lock is made from the interior with compressed air. At the same time, a silicone hose is laid to the car bridge. The device is reliable enough, but requires additional expensive equipment. A set of hoses, a compressor and a receiver, at a cost, sometimes exceed the differential itself.
Electrical connection
The differential gear is blocked by the cam mechanism, which is activated using electromagnets. The device reliably and does not require maintenance. Minus - high current consumed, presents additional requirements to electrical equipment.
Self-locking mechanisms
The principle of action is different. Some are blocked with the slightest slip, others with an increase in the load on the wheels. However, regardless of the designs, they do not require human participation, and therefore are popular with the owners of SUVs. But their main advantage is that they do not have such a rigid blocking as all other types, which means partially removed with an additional load with a semi-axle.
Video: Locks on the Niva, price
And also what is blocking differential
Conclusion
About the locks of Niva all. You can sum up a brief summary:
- For inclusion forced lock Niva, front small lever need to be back;
- Include blocking you need immediately before overcoming a heavy section of the road. It is not recommended to use it on the roads with a solid coating.
- Niva is equipped only inter-axis differentialInterwyful - absent.
- In Niva Chevrolet, the lock control lever is combined with a demultipator handle.
- Installation on the Niva differential with a forced intercole blocking, can significantly reduce the service life of some parts.
And the last, when using locks, the handling of the car changes, in particular the rotation radius increases. It must be remembered to ensure safety.
To enable the 5th transmission, it is necessary to take the lever to the right, overcoming resistance, then submit it forward.
The inclusion of the rear transmission is performed only when worthwhile And no sooner than three seconds after squeezing the clutch pedal.
Switching distribution box modes
With the help of a distribution control lever, the driver has the ability to choose between the usual and all-wheel drive modes.
The dispensing box does not have a neutral position, so the lever of its control should always be securely installed in one of the possible three positions ("2H", 4H or "4L").
Mode "2N" Designed for the movement of the car by normal road covering, ensures maximum fuel consumption savings and minimal noise background. When this mode is turned on, you must disable the manual locking of the front wheels (models with manual locking hubs - see below).
Mode "4N" Provides optimal conditions for movement on wet or icing road surface. Do not forget to turn on the manual locking of the hubs of the front wheels. The speed of the vehicle should not exceed 100 km / h (60 mph).
Mode "4L" Provides maximum power The engine returns and is intended for use when moving a car in a mountain relief, off-road, sand, dirt or deep snow. Manual locking of the front wheels should be enabled. The speed of the car should not exceed 40 km / h (25 mph).
Switching the dispensing control lever does not require clutch pedal squeezing.
Switching from "2N" mode to "4N" mode on the go possible only when manual locking of the front wheels is already enabled (models with manual locking hubs).
Warning
In no case do not switch the dispensing box from the "2N" mode to "4N" mode on the go, if manual or automatic locking of the front wheels is not turned on!
Switching the box from "4N" mode to "2N" mode can be made at any vehicle speeds, while there is no need to squeeze the clutch pedal.
Warning
Switching a dispensing box from "4N" mode to "4L" mode and back should be made only on a fixed car!
Models with automatic front wheel hubs
| Order procedure |
When the dispensing box is enabled in "4H" or "4L" mode, shutting down the locking of the hubs occurs instantly with reverse inclusion Its when changing the direction of movement.
Models with manual locking hubs
To disable the clutch lock, turn counterclockwise and lead to the "FREE" position (see ibid.).
Features of driving all-wheel drive cars
Movement on the highway in the cold season
High grip with road surface all-wheel drive models Provides a car with better handling while driving in heavy road conditions, in particular when deep snow and strong icing. Nonetheless, four-wheel drive In no way ensures anti-suite protection. Moreover, often withdrawal from the rear-wheel drive or front-wheel drive car is easier than in the case of "4WD" models. In view of the foregoing, one should not abuse the inclusion of all-wheel drive modes when moving over a shallow snow or ice crust.
- Depending on the specific conditions, switch the dispensing box to "4L" or "2H" mode;
- Start the engine, turn on the lowest gear and start moving with the minimum possible revs, manipulating gas and clutch pedals;
- try not to allow a strong clutch slip;
- Try to transfer to the highest transmission as quickly as possible and make sure that the engine is not raised overly.
Movement by off-road
When the degradation of the quality of the road surface provides grounds for turning on the all-wheel drive mode, try to comply with the following basic requirements:
- Move quite slowly, on the lower gears, taking into account road and weather conditions;
- To control the car, try to use gas pedal, minimizing the use of brakes;
- try not to allow slug clutch and turning the wheels;
- Avoid sharp turns of the steering wheel.
Try to take into account all weather and road factors - guided common sense and try to soberly assess the possibilities of the car. Before going to long trip, work out the route in advance. Before sending, check technical condition car.
Overcoming water obstacles
Try not to drive into deep water.
Before crossing the crossing, learn the bottom relief of the barrier, choose the most flat entrance to the water.
Switch the dispensing box to "4L" and turn on the first transmission.
Try not to allow engine speed jumps to avoid water from entering the release system if the outlet of the outlet pipe is below the surface. Move at no more than 5 km / h (3 mph) and try not to create a lot of splashes.
Try not to move against the current. If there is no possibility, try to deploy the car under the angle to the flow vector so that the incoming water is not floating into the motor compartment.
Avoid splashing into the motor compartment to avoid the engine stop due to moistening the components of the ignition system.
Make sure that the water does not get into the air intake of the engine, as this can lead to the progress of the latter and the need for expensive repairs.
After successful overcoming water barrier Check out the functioning of the brakes.
To accelerate drying of work surfaces brake mechanisms, Turn the car several times, moving at low speed.
At the first opportunity, check whether the water did not get into the air cleaner filter element, in the engine, transmission, bridges and car carriers and car interior.
Replace all lubricating fluids that have acquired a dairy-like consistency, which is evidenced by water ingress.
Precautions when moving in all-wheel drive modes
When driving in "4WD" modes, some special precautions should be observed.
In order to avoid the failure of the components of the transmission line and the risk of loss of control, avoid the use of a car in all-wheel drive modes with a blocked front wheel hubs when driving along a dry solid road surface (asphalt).
On models with automatic locking hubs of the front wheels, there is no alarm that notifies the driver to turn on the blocking, so in the absence of confidence in the block of blocks (for example, when changing the driver), just in case, it is necessary to make the blocking procedure.
Do not forget that the center of severity of SUVs is usually quite high above the Earth, which should be taken into account when choosing a driving manner - do not try to make reversals from the same high speedHow do it on ordinary cars.
Strong side wind can also have a noticeable effect on car handling. Try to reduce the speed during a particularly strong squalls.
Pretty often it happens that the motorist cannot turn on the locking of the wheels on the "Niva", which is quite properly. You need to make sure that with the mechanism of blocking the wheels of the machine all in complete order. Why does it happen that a serviceable mechanism fails from the first time? The fact is that the introduction of the blocking mechanism asks for some skills and certain knowledge. So, within the framework of this article, which certainly intrigues the Niva hosts, we will tell you how to include blocking on this car.
In essence, the mechanisms for switching on and blocking the wheels of the car are actually similar processes. Also, the mechanisms differ in a radically. As it should, turn on the blocking of the wheels of the machine at the time of the parking lot is a completely different occupation. After all, the teeth and grooves on the blocking clutch are very coincided very and very occasionally. In other words, the blocking does not carry in the car due to the fact that the clutch teeth, being opposite the teeth of the crown, simply rest in them, in other words, the coupling cannot be checked.
So Makar, if you still managed to turn on the lock when the car is worth it, then you, apparently, are a happy luckycloth or a lucky lucky lucky. Such coincidences occur, which is called one per million. To turn on the transmission, the clutch is activated, the smallest press on which leads to the fact that the tooth of the rotating shaft does not have difficulty entering the groove in complete immobility. And in the mechanism of blocking the wheels of the car, the coupling car and the output shaft, having a toothed crown, are very firmly connected together using satellites.
Therefore, to turn on the blocking of the wheels on the Niva car, you first need to start and warm the engine. Following the first gear and start riding. Straight traffic According to a normal hard coating, for example, on asphalt, it will not bring the wheel blocking. This event is determined by the fact that the rear, and the front wheels make the monotonous distance, in no way forcing the satellites to spin.
Therefore, it is necessary to continue moving to small speed, starting to twist the machine steering wheel to the right and left and at the same time leaving the handle that includes blocking the wheels. In this case, the rear and front wheels of the car pass the unequal path. And this, in turn, will force satellites to spin. It is necessary to recall that the output shaft is connected to the coupling through the satellites. Such a macar, there will be a turn of the output shaft in relation to the clutch, and the tooth will actively enter their own groove. Exceptionally in this case, blocking the wheels of the car "Niva" will turn on.
To turn off the wheel lock on the field, as, in general, and to turn it on, you need to perform a number of specific actions. It is necessary to take into account the following: Movement with the included lock leads to the fact that the output shaft teeth are quite tightly compressed in the coupling. This happens due to the fact that the wheels of the car are spinning inconscourish. So Makar, before the driver there is a task very loosen the compression of the teeth in the grooves. To do this, swing the steering wheel and turn on rear transmission. Add a small patience to this, the handle will certainly serve and lock the wheel of the machine will turn off!
So, within the framework of this material, we talked about how to enable blocking on the Niva. The competent Tips given in this article, the testing of these tips specifically in practice, also certain control abilities will allow to include blocking without effort, bringing this skill to full automatism! Good and harmful to you!
