New automatic transmission (automatic transmission transmission boxes) will make it easier to control the car, choose what kind of transmission should be included in one or another, thereby allowing the engine to work in permissible modes, which, of course, avoids its breakdowns. However, buying a car equipped with an automatic transmission switch, it is worth considering some features of such a transmission.
In the classic "automatic" there is no clutch. It replaces it special device -throtransformer, in which the engine rotation to the gear shaft is transmitted by non-friction of the disks, but using a special transmission fluid. In fact, in contrast to the clutch, which can be turned on or off, the torque converter is always "on", the smoothness of the tightness of the vehicle is achieved by a non-rigid engine connection and box.
Unlike the mechanical gearbox, Avtomat has one interesting mode - P - parking mode. In this case, the car stands on the neutral, and the output shaft of the automatic transmission is blocked. This mode represents some analogue of the parking brake, however, for example, it is better not to use it on the slope - most likely, the shaft blocking simply fails under the weight of the car.
A car equipped with an automatic transmission switch cannot be started with a pusher. Therefore, car owners need to be carefully followed by the state of their " iron horse", Or rather, the ignition candles, rechargeable battery, electronics, etc.
There is another feature in the operation of a car with automatic transmission - if the machine is stuck, then pull it out by swinging, i.e. The method of alternate inclusion of the first and rear will fail.
The automatic transmission resource is somewhat less than the mechanical gearbox and constitutes for middle-class cars on average 300,000 km, small - 150.000-200.000 km.
Implementation of all recommendations for operation and maintenance, movement in a quiet mode significantly increase the transmission resource.
When there is noise, vibration, hard jolts and delays when switching transmissions, contact us! Timely appeal will reduce repair costs.
In our center produced qualified repairprepared by staff on high-quality equipment.
Kick-down. Another interesting feature automatic gearboxwhich is not in ordinary "mechanics". The essence of this phenomenon is simple - with a sharp press on the gas pedal, the car accelerates sharply. When moving, this is achieved by switching not on increased gear, but on low! In this case, the engine turnover increases sharply, and, as is well known, the engine is more "ingrady" in high speed, which means it reacts faster to pressing the gas pedal. Kick-Down is useful when overtaking when it is required to sharply speed up the car, however, and the fuel consumption is sharply increased.
The automatic transmission may not have transmissions at all! Such a gearbox is called a variator, in it a gear ratio does not have a fixed amount of levels, the speed switches gradually. With constant car acceleration, the engine is in constant mode, which favorably affects its condition, and the fuel consumption is minimal in this mode. The only minus of the variator is an unusual uniform heap of overclocking, like, for example, in trolleybus.
Automatic gearbox - a thing is undoubtedly comfortable, but do not forget that, like other knots of the car, it requires a certain share of attention. What does this mean?
But it means only one thing - it is necessary to periodically carry out special service of automatic transmission, which includes checking the oil level (once a year or every 15,000 km of run) and its replacement (every three years or every 45,000 km of run). As in any other case, there are nuances here. That is why the replacement of oil in the transmission is better to entrust specialists. But the check of its level can be carried out independently.
Several rules praying to increase automatic transmission:
- Troze from the place and changing the directions of movement to the opposite, switch the selector lever when the brake pedal is pressed and with a completely inhibited car.
- Starting should be started only after a characteristic push, which indicates the full transmission.
- When stopping on traffic lights, as well as short parking and stopping in traffic jams, you do not need to install the selector lever to N. and it is not recommended to do it on long-lasting descents. Violations of this rule as a rule can lead to incorrect operation of the automatic transmission mechanism.
- If the car has been dropped, then pressing the gas pedal is harmful for automatic transmission and for the main transfer. In such cases, you can try to turn on the downstream mode, work the brake pedal as a clutch, thereby ensure slow rotation of the wheels.
- Regularly check the oil level, because Maclane fasting is one of the main causes of the automatic transmission.
In our article, consider the pros and cons of the classic automatic automatic automatic machine: the principle of operation, device, features of the design, requiring repair or replacement of characteristic disadvantages and malfunctions automatic transmission With a hydrotransfroterator, as well as the resource and indisputable advantages of the traditional automaton.
Pros and Cons
Automatic gearbox, variator, robotic gearbox - on what to stop your choice when ordering a car. Another 15-20 years ago, such a question did not even stand in front of domestic motorists, the Soviet cars, and then russian production It was available only with a manual gearbox (manual transmission). With the appearance of used cars in Russia and the opportunities to buy new cars of the well-known world manufacturers changed the alignment of forces in favor of automatic transmission, more and more potential owners began to acquire a car with automatic transmission. At the end of 2012, more than 45% of new foreign cars sold on the Russian market are equipped with automata. Even AvtoVAZ in July 2012 pleased with the release of the budget sedan Lada Grant with automatic transmission.
This unit has undeniable advantages, but not deprived of the shortcomings. Among the advantages are the ease of controlling the driving force of the car, and the disadvantages include slow response, not too high performance and relatively short resource - service life. However, it should be noted that newest gearboxes produce quite high-speed. Before you figure out what what, you need to clearly understand the difference in terms. Automatic transmission consists of two aggregates - this is the box and the torque converter itself.
Underwater transformer device
So, the torque converter, or as it is also called the torque converter, is a combination of two blade devices - a turbine wheel and a centrifugal pump. Binds them among themselves a reactor or a stator, which sends the very torque. There is still a blocking mechanism that acts as needed to the stator using overtrocious coupling. The pumping wheel is in a rigid coupling with crankshaft Motor, and turbine - with gearbox PPC.
The torque converter is filled with oil, with active work it is constantly mixed and heated, which is spent a lot of useful energy, it consumes the pump that creates pressure in the working bonding tubes. With a large difference in circulation, the pump and turbine reactor is blocked and fits a much larger volume of fluid on the wheel, as a result, the torque when starting from the place increases to three times, reducing the transmission efficiency. All this explains the low overall efficiency of the gearbox as a whole, and also makes more attractive robotic MCPP and variators in this regard.
The transmission of torque in the hydrotransformer occurs very smoothly, thereby eliminating shock loads on the transmission, which gives the smoothness of the machine and has a positive effect on high-quality and long-lasting engine operation. However, problems may also arise from the use of the torque converter: for example, to start the machine with a tug or with a pusher, in which case, it will not work.
Device and adjustment of automatic transmission
Now we'll figure it out with the device for switching gearbox itself with a planetary gearbox and a package of friction. The planetary (differential) reducer (transmission) is a mechanism that includes several planetary gears, which during operation rotate around the so-called solar, or central, wheels, usually in the coupling with it with driving. The external corona wheel gear, adopted with the planetary transmission, is sometimes connected. inner With planetary gears. During the operation of the transmission to increasing the frequency, driving rotates thanks to the operation of the engine. At the same time, the crown gear is fixed, and the output shaft of the transfer works in connection with the solar gear.
The transfer can be made direct by fixing the released ring (corona) gear with the help of friction. The reduced transmission will turn out when the engine is driven by a sun gear with a fixed drill. At the same time, power is removed from the ring gear.
Package of frictional is a system of moving and stationary rings rotating independently of each other until the transmission is turned on. When pressure occurs in the appropriate highway, the frictions are clamped with a hydraulic pusher. Those elements of the clutch, clutch with the leader of the planetary gearbox, which were mobile, stroke, stopping drove and turning on the transmission.
The torque from the motor to the gearbox is transmitted using the working oil fluxes supplied by the pump wheel blades on the turbine blades. The gaps between turbine and pumping wheels are minimal, and their blades have a harmonious and appropriate structure, so the circulation of oil circulation is continuous. It turns out that there is no hard connection between the engine and gearbox, thereby ensuring the operation of the engine and the ability to stop the car when the transfer is enabled, as well as the smooth transmission of the thrust.
It should be noted that the above scheme has a hydromefta, transmitting torque without converting its magnitude. The reactor embedded in the structure of the torque converter is just designed to change the moment. It represents the same wheel with small blades, but it does not rotate until a certain point. The reactor blades have a specific structure and are on the way of oil, back from the turbine to the pump. When the reactor is in the hydrotransformer mode (without movement), it contributes to an increase in the speed of movement of the working fluid, which at this time performs a circulation between the wheels. The faster the oil moves, the higher the energy acting on the turbine wheel. Thanks to this effect, the torque is significantly increased, developing on the shaft of the turbine wheel.
For example, in one of the ordinary situations, when the transmission is included in the box, and the machine is held in place the brake pedal, the following occurs. The turbine wheel is motionless, whereas the moment is in it above the engine usually developed on these revolutions, and even twice depending on the model. As soon as the brake pedal is released, the car begins to touch from the place and accelerate until the moment when the moment on the wheels becomes equal to the moment of resistance of the car.
When the speed of turnover of the turbine wheel is approaching the speed of the pumping wheel, the reactor becomes free and starts the rotation with them. This situation is called the transition of the hydrotransformer to the hydromefta mode, which helps to reduce losses and an increase in the efficiency of the hydrotransformer.
Since there are cases when there is no need for a torque conversion, the torque converter may be completely blocked friction clutch. In this mode, the efficiency of the transmission can reach almost to 100%, since slipping between the blades wheels is completely excluded.
However, for example, when the car travels in a straight line, maintaining a constant speed, and then the road begins to go up under the slope, the torque converter will immediately begin to react. With a decrease in the frequency of rotation of the turbine wheel, the reactor begins to automatically slow down, which will accelerate the movement of the working fluid, and, therefore, the torque transmitted to the tree of the turbine wheel and, of course, on the wheels. Sometimes such an enlarged torque is enough to raise up the mountain, without moving to a lower gear.
The hydrotransformer is not capable of changing the speed of rotation and torque in large limits, so the gearbox with a large number of steps is connected to it, which is also capable of providing a reverse move. CAT, working in a complex with hydrotransformers, usually contain several planetary gears, and they have a lot in common with mechanical boxes.
The gear wheels in the manual gearbox are all the time in engagement, with those that are slave, rotate on the secondary shaft freely. When some transmission turns on, the corresponding gear on the slave shaft is blocked. The automatic transmission works on the same principle, only the planetary programs consist of such elements as satellites, drove, ring and sun gear.
Such gearboxes lead to one elements and fix others, thereby allowing to change the speed of rotation, as well as the force transmitted by the planetary transmission. The latter is derived from the output shaft of the hydrotransformer, the corresponding elements are fixed by friction tapes (packages). In a manual box, these functions carry blocking coupling and synchronizers.
Turning on the transmission is as follows. The pressure of the working fluid of the hydrotransformer drives the hydraulic pusher, which, in turn, presses on the friction. The fluid pressure source is a special pump, and the distribution of this pressure between climbers occurs under constant control of electronics by means of a combination of electromagnetic solenoids (valves). This should be followed by the algorithm for the gearbox.
The main differences between the automatic gearbox from mechanical is to switch the gear that happens in it so that the power flow is not broken: one transmission turns off, and at the same time another turns on. Consistent jerks are excluded, since they are successfully quenched and softens the hydrotransformer. Although it should be noted that modern gearboxes with the settings of the sports mode are not distinguished by a special smoothness of work, which is due to too fast change of one transmission to another. Such characteristics allow the machine to quickly take overclocking, but, unfortunately, it is much forth friction rates, and also reduce the service life and the transmission itself, and the entire chassis.
Gearbox work in various modes
In the transmission machines of the very first generation, the control was completely hydraulically. Subsequently, the hydraulics began to perform only performing functions, to install the algorithm became entirely electronics. It was thanks to her that it became possible to implement various modes of operation of the gearbox - sharp acceleration (Kick-Down), an economical regime, winter, sports and others.
For example, if you consider the sport mode, then the motor traction is used completely - each subsequent gear is turned on at a crankshaft rotation frequency close to the one on which the maximum torque value develops. A further increase in the speed leads to the acceleration of the rotational speed of the shaft to its maximum values, in which the engine works on full power. Also occurs further. The machine at the same time is able to develop much higher acceleration than when working in ordinary or economical modes.
Most modern cars equipped with automatic transmissions have technologies that allow control algorithms to be activated independently, which depends on the driver's driving manner. Electronics, automatically analyzing information from a variety of sensors, herself adapts the operation of the motor aggregate necessary in this case and decides on shifting gears at the desired moment in accordance with the desired characteristic character.
If the driver drives a car calmly, neatly and smoothly, the controller performs the appropriate settings at which the motor does not enter the power modes, which allows to spend fuel more economically. If the driver will press the gas pedal more sharply and often, the electronics immediately makes the conclusion about the need for more frown overclocking, and the engine in a pair with a gearbox will immediately start working in sports mode. When returning to smooth pedaling, the box again will independently go to a normal program of work.
Semiautomatic box
The number of cars equipped with gearboxes is growing, where, except automatic, there is also a semi-automatic control mode. In this case, the system only independently switches the transmissions, and the installer gives the driver. However, this does not mean complete freedom of action in management - often the gear shift rate increases, but the switching time remains the same as automatic mode. Some manufacturers take care of this, wanting to extend the service life of the power unit. In the field of mechanical engineering, this system has different names - Steptronic, AutoStick or Tiptronic.
Tuning automatic transmission
Not so long ago it became possible to carry out tuning some automatic transmissions by reprogramming the engine control units and gearbox. To improve the speed of overclocking in the ACP program, change the moments when the transition from one transmission to another, and also significantly reduce the switching time. Computer technologies today develop rapidly, electronics learned to analyze the degree of aging friction and create the necessary pressure in order for each coupling. By registering pressure, you can predict the degree of wear of frictional and, accordingly, the box itself. The control unit is constantly monitored by the operation of the system and are recorded in the memory of error codes and failures that occurred in its elements.
AT emergency cases The control unit works in an emergency mode when all shifts are blocked in the gearbox, and only some one transmission works, usually the second or third. In this case, it is not advised to ride a car, it will not be possible, it is only a trip to the nearest car service to eliminate faults.
Any gearbox is able to satisfy the expectations of the owner of the car, where it is installed, and serve for 200 thousand kilometers. However, it should be remembered that the trouble-free operation and a long-term resource will directly depend on the competent operation and the regular passage of qualified maintenance.
Modes of automatic transmission
1.Rarking (P) - Parking mode, when all transmissions are turned off, the output shaft of the box and all other controls are blocked. When the engine is running, the shaft rotation speed limiter begins to work much earlier than it happens when acceleration. Such protective measures from illiterate management do not allow vain once again to mix liquid transmissions.
2.Reverse (R) - Transmission to the car movement by reverse.
3.Neutral (N) is a neutral transmission, when turned on which the drive wheels are not connected to the engine. There is no blocking of the output shaft, so the car is capable of riding rolling, and it is also possible to tow it.
4.Drive (D) - the main mode for the movement of the car. In this transmission mode, 1 to 3 (4) switched automatically.
5.Sport (s) or as it is sometimes called POWER, PWR or SHIFT is a sports mode in which the engine during disks operates at full power and fuel consumption reaches maximum value. It is possible to increase the gear shift speed from one to another (depends on the program and design). The motor during the operation of the box in this mode is constantly in the tone and is usually working on revolutions close to those on which the maximum torque value develops. Well, of course, about economy in these conditions can be forgotten.
6.kick-down is a short-term transmission to implement a sharp acceleration (used, for example, when overtaking). The engine switches to increased return mode. Because of this, as well as due to the increased gear ratio of the reduced transmission, there is a sharp pickup. To translate transmissions to this mode. Necessary short press Gas pedals. In earlier versions of transmissions, it should be felt a characteristic click.
7.OverDrive (O / D) - the mode in which increased transmission is more often included. Such a mode of movement on low revs impressively saves fuel, but the car loses the dynamics.
8.NORM is the most balanced mode at which shifting gears to higher occurs gradually, as revolutions increase.
9.Winter (W, Snow) is the automatic transmission mode used in winter conditions. He pulls the car from the scene from the second transfer to avoid slipping. The transition from one transmission to another for the same reason is more smoothly, on low revs. Acceleration also occurs more slowly.
10. If you set the lever opposite the numbers 1, 2 or 3, the box will not switch higher than the selected gear. Such a mode is used under difficult driving conditions, for example, by serpentine or when moving with a trailer or towing another car. The engine is in this case it is capable of working on medium and high loads without transition to higher transmission.
11. Some models of automatic transmission provides for the possibility manual control Box. Buttons with "+" and "-" icons denoting precisely the presence of this feature may depend on the model in different places - on the automatic transmission selection itself, on the steering wheel or in the form of steering wheel switches, etc. But in self-control mode, the electronics will still not allow to switch to inappropriate to a specific moment of transmission. The speed of the shift of speeds will be not higher than that present in sports mode.
The review contains the most popular automatic transmissions. We will tell what machines should be avoided which problems are most often found and which boxes are the most reliable.
The most reliable automatic transmission
ZF 5.HP 24/30.
- About 500,000 km.
The family of 5-speed automata is intended for cars with a longitudinally located engine. Version 5NP30 appeared in 1992. She found its application, first of all, in 8 and 12-cylinder bMW models. In addition, the automatic transmission found its widespread use in Aston Martin., Bentley and Rolls-Royce. The box perfectly copes with a torque of up to 560 nm.
In 1996, version 5NP24 came out, which began to be used in Jaguar and Range Rover.. In 1997, there was a modification of 5NP24A, intended for cars with a drive for all wheels. It was used in Audi A6 and A8 with fully drive Quattro and Volkswagen Phaeton. The remaining 5nc24 / 30 boxes are designed for cars with rear wheel drive.
5-speed ZF refutes myth that powerful engine Radically reduces the life of the automatic transmission. In the case of the family of the 5nc series, especially modifications 24 and 30, the boxes are confidently reaching the turn of 500,000 km, and even in cars operated intensively.
An example of application:
Aston Martin DB7.
BMW 5 E39, 7 E38, Z8
Jaguar XJ8.
Range Rover.
Rolls-Royce Silver Seraph
GM 5.L40-E.
Mileage before overhaul - About 450,000 km.
The 5-speed automatic transmission of the production of the GM concern since 1998 was established in bMW cars - The first models 323i and 328i E46 series. It was originally intended for cars with longitudinally installed engine and driven by rear wheels. In 2000, a version for all-wheel drive modifications appeared, which immediately hit the BMW X5. In addition, since 2004, the automatic transmission has become applied in various models GM with rear wheel drive. 5L40 is able to digest up to 340 nm of torque and designed for vehicles weighing less than 1800 kg. The manufacture of the machine ended in 2007. A 6-speed 6l50 box came to shift.
Durability is the main advantage of this transmission. The need for repair usually occurs not earlier than 400-450 thousand km. To the merits should be a soft work.
An example of application:
BMW 3 E46, 5 E39, X5 E53, Z3
Cadillac CTS, STS
Jeep 545.RFE.
Mileage to major repairs - About 400,000 km.
The 5-speed 545 RFE machine appeared in 2001. It became the next stage of the evolution of the 4-speed automatic transmission of 45 RFE, produced since 1999. For the first time, 545 was applied in Jeep Grand Cherokee. WJ, and later in other cars of this brand. For example, in Dodge pickles and even in London taxi.
Despite the fact that the box is used in cars exposed to large loads, it creates few problems. This is a typical representative of the American school: switching is very slow, but it is almost impossible to "travel" automatic transmission. Repair after 400,000 km does not pose big difficulties.
An example of application:
Jeep Grand Cherokee, Commander Wrangler
Dodge Dakota, Durango
Toyota.A340.
Mileage to major repairs - About 700,000 km.
The box is designed for cars with anterior arrangement of the engine and rear or complete drive. Transmission has 4 steps. A350 series - 5-speed. The automatic transmission is offered since 1986.
The box is famous for its reliability and durability. At 300-400 thousand km, it may be necessary to replace worn friction and glands. After a small repair, the box will serve as much as much. The first overhaul may be needed only after 700,000 mileage kilometers.
An example of application:
Toyota 4Runner, Supra
Lexus GS, Ls
Toyota.A750.
Mileage to major repairs - About 500,000 km.
The 5-speed gearbox was used mainly in large SUV and SUVs of the LEXUS and Toyota brand. It is still produced since 2003. The machine does not differ quick speed, but in terms of reliability, one of the best. And this is despite the fact that the A750 constantly works with large loads.
It is difficult to find an instance that would require the repair box to 400,000 km. This is one of the few automata that can be reeded, not even knowing the past of the car. It is equally working on the first day after the purchase and after a few hundred thousand kilometers of the mileage.
An example of application:
Toyota Land Cruiser.
Lexus LX.
Mercedes 722.4.
Mileage to major repairs - 700,000 km.
Today, no one produces such machines. Wear resistance 722.4 has become legendary. 4-speed box was used since the 80s of the twentieth century in mercedes cars, Including in 190 and W124. Regardless of the bundle - from 4, 5 or 6 cylinder Engine - She always demonstrated high reliability.
The design of the machine 722.4 is practically not to wear. Problems may arise except in separate copies undergoing extremely merciless exploitation.
An example of application:
Mercedes 190, 200-300 W124, C-Class
Jeep.A904.
Mileage to major repairs - 600,000 km.
It must be recognized that the design of this transmission archaic. The machine has only three programs, and it appeared in 1960. A904 - Modified version of the box from the 50s of the last century. Its production ended only in the XXI century. Agree, for 40 years do not produce boxes that deliver problems.
On the endurance and durability of the automatic transmission, the fact that it was applied even in american trucks. Repair, thanks to a simple design, is not very complicated and may be needed only after 600,000 km.
An example of application:
Jeep Cherokee XJ, Wrangler YJ, TJ
Mazda / Ford FN4A-EL / 4F27E.
Mileage to major repairs - 500,000 km.
The box has developed joint Mazda and Ford. In the cars of each of the companies, the machine received its designation. Although the box was created relatively recently (in 2000), it has only 4 transmission. But this is her only drawback. Speeds are replaced gently and smoothly, the torque converter can be blocked in a wide range of revolutions, which helps reduce fuel consumption. The most important dignity is the box very rarely delivers problems.
Both for Ford and for Mazda mileage 500,000 km to the 1st serious repair of automatic transmission - standard. Up to this point, there are practically no cases requiring the intervention of service specialists.
An example of application:
FORD FOCUS, TRANSIT CONNECT
Mazda 3, Mazda 6
The most problematic automatic transmissions
AISIN.TF-80.SC.
Repair cost - About $ 1500.
A classic six-speed automatic transmission is used in several dozen models, starting with Alfa Romeo. And ending with Volvo. Engineers managed to create a compact box, according to its size, not exceeding the dimensions of the mechanical gearbox. The design of the automaton turned out to be lightweight and modern. Time has shown that there is no serious malfunction with the box.
Regardless of the model, there are very often leaving when shifting gear. The problem affects the 4th, 5th and 6th stage and caused by improper work. electromagnetic valves In the hydraulicone. Ignoring the problem may damage the box.
An example of application:
Ford Mondeo.
PEUGEOT 408.
Opel Insignia.
Volvo XC60.
Jatco.JF011E.
Repair cost - About $ 2500.
This is a stepless CVT transmission or variator. Change gear ratios This occurs due to the smooth change in the position of the "belt" on the conical wheels. Theoretically benefits of such a box. Practically infinite number of gears allows you to keep the engine in the optimal operating range depending on the current needs. This reduces fuel consumption. Changing the gear ratios is unnoticed. There may be a speech about any jolts or jerks, which increases the level of comfort while driving. Thanks to its design, the variator has small dimensions and weight.
Unfortunately, often the boxes of this type are criticized by drivers due to the unnatural mode of operation. They hold the engine speed in the too high range. During operation, the variator creates a lot of problems.
The main element of the CVT is a steel belt that is wears with cones. It may take about $ 2,500. Of course, the control module comes out.
An example of application:
Nissan Qashqai, X-Trail
Mitsubishi Outlander.
Audi.DL501.
Repair cost - Up to $ 4000.
Commercial name of the S-Tronic box. It is an automated gearbox with two clutches (wet type) and is designed for models with engines installed longitudinally with a maximum torque of 550 nm. The box has 7 gears, and the range of gear ratios, depending on the engine, can reach 8: 1.
Very often there are failures in the work of mechatronics, which displays the clutch package. Replacing the node does not solve the problem. The best result gives the factory repair, where they know how to correct the structural disadvantages.
Problems with box are found regularly. Not all services are able to cope with its repair, the cost of which is very high.
An example of application:
Audi A4, A5, Q5
ZF 6.HP.
Repair cost - About $ 1500.
The first 6-speed automatic is used in many cars. For the first time it was applied to the BMW 7 2001. Today it is installed in several dozen models. Mostly premium cars or large SUVs. The machine guarantees a quick and soft shift of gear and practically does not increase fuel consumption.
There are several versions of the box, differing among themselves with dimensions and the ability to digest the maximum torque (up to 600 nm). And here the problems begin. Such gigantic loads reduce the resource of any automatic transmission. And almost all cars with the ZF 6HP box are equipped with high power engines.
The troubles arise primarily when working in a pair with strong versions of engines. Often there are problems with the 4th, 5th and 6th gears, which is caused by a break in the input shaft basket. In addition, malfunctions arise due to failures in the operation of the electrical board of the box controller.
An example of application:
BMW 3 E90, 5 E60, 7 E65, X5 E70
Jaguar XJ, XF
Range Rover.
Volkswagen Phaeton.
LUK 01.J.
Repair cost - Up to $ 5,000.
A stepless automatic transmission, developed jointly by LUK and AUDI, received a commercial name Multitronic. It is designed for cars with a longitudinally installed engine and front-wheel drive. CVT is able to digest up to 400 nm of torque. Instead of steel belt, a chain is used.
Unfortunately, most owners have received a negative experience of operating the German variator. Typical trouble - car pulls on low revs, even after selecting a neutral mode, and indicators of motion modes are blinking.
Problems begin after 120-150 thousand km, and with an aggressive driving style - even earlier. The cost of repair sometimes reaches $ 5,000, which is actually unprofitable. The most common cause of a malfunction is the wear of the drive chain and the conical gear gears. Often, there are failures in the computer, managing the work of the variator. Multitronics is also subject to mechanical damage. He may fail even as a result of a small collision.
An example of application:
Audi A4, A5, A6.
AISIN.AW55-50.
Repair cost - About $ 1000.
This is one of the most common 5-speed automata in serial vehicles. However, in various models, they have constructive differences, so they cannot be interchangeable. One of typical flaws - Permanent twitches when switching from "N" in "D" and when touching from the place.
Fortunately, the big popularity of the box and the limited circle of constantly repetitive problems, allows specialized services to quite easily troubleshoot faults. The reason for most ailments is the failure of electromagnetic valves (comfortable switching, pressure lines, hydrotransformer clutches) of the hydroblock. There are also leaks from the radiator box.
An example of application:
Opel Vectra C.
Renault Laguna.
Volvo S40, V50, S60, V70
Jatco.JF506E.
Repair cost - About $ 1500.
The classic 5-speed automatic transmission used in the front-wheel drive models of many brands. The machine gun in various models is distinguished by a torque converter and selection of gear ratios.
Most often faults occur due to problems with the piston, in one of the packages of frictional. Other characteristic problem - wear of electromagnetic valves. Typical repair It will require costs in the amount of 1,500 dollars. The case is complicated by the fact that the box requires a certain experience from the mechanics. Otherwise, even the oil change can lead to damage to the machine.
An example of application:
Ford Mondeo.
Land Rover Freelander.
Mazda MPV.
Volkswagen Golf, Sharan
GM 6.T35 / 40/4.
Repair cost - About $ 2,000.
The family of 6-speed automata produced by the GM concern is known as Hydra-Matic. The box is designed for cars with a transverse engine. Various versions are distinguished by the possibilities for transmitting the maximum torque.
The main problem is one - the destruction of the wavy clamping spring. As a result, a large number of solid remains quickly displays the other box elements. In this case, the cost of repairs reaches $ 2,000.
An example of application:
Chevrolet Cruze, Malibu, Captiva.
Conclusion
The era of reliable and durable automata (with rare exceptions) ended at the turn of the centuries. Under the pretext of concern about ecology during that period banned the use of lead in electronic circuits. Wound-free soldering compounds are less durable, less reliable and less resistant to corrosion. As a result, a large number of electronics faults appeared, which in turn affected the durability of automatic transmissions. If electronics fails, the box elements cease to work in optimal conditions and are exposed to accelerated wear.
I caught myself thinking how quickly you get used to "good", another 4 ago I would have proven all and all - (there is some truth here). But life so happened that my wife passed on rights, and I had to buy a car with automatic transmission (and I myself wanted to try). And you know - I liked it, although today is not about it. I meet many "yarn" familiar who recognize only the MCPP, and very often listen to epithets from them: - "Yes, that, the machine is unreliable and breaks very quickly, but (handle), it is yes reliability!" "Darsbed" to listen to such statements and today I want to talk about the resource of the automatic transmission, and also simply dispel a lot of myths! Well, talk about the plot of manufacturers, let's talk, where without this ...
What and say mechanics is a fairly reliable knot - there is to break, in fact there is nothing, the resource simply rolls. However, newcomers manage to kill this transmission easily and quickly! But the event itself fails the gearbox itself (although it happens), but optional equipment, understand what I mean? Of course - about the grip, basket, frosting bearing and fork. It is here that there are "Achilles heel" mechanics, it is these elements that can fail within 30 - 40,000 kilometers (now about the new drivers). Here you have a resource - while the owner, in essence "in the fig", that this is not a box - but it is connected with the transmission! So there is something to think about ...
Machines in one pile
I also annoying me a little such fact - without sobering in the structure, "garage experts" begin to pour all the machines in one bunch and put on them stigma - "unreliable"!
The guys are not correctly correct - after all, now there is at least three main types of automatic transmissions - this is a variator, automatic and robot. Each type has its own strong and weak sidesThe resource may vary "globally" - at times or even dozens of times.
Well, you can not throw all the eggs in one basket - the machines are different, you should understand it!
To be honest, my friend has an old Toyota right-handed, another 90s, on it an old automatic transmission for 4 transmissions, there is a mileage of about 400,000 kilometers, but the automatic transmission has never been repaired, but every 50,000 is made full of oil change Filters - the cooling radiator is sometimes washed. And you know, it works great, there are no push, no other violations in work. However, not all automatic transmissions "are equally useful"! And often you can get just for huge money after 50,000 mileage! But how? We read on
Robots or need to be careful
The lowest resource from all automata - to be honest, I do not advise you to buy! What is a robot - essentially this is a manual transmission, with a servo installed on it (or electronically driven), it is he who replaces the "clutch pedal" and takes all the functions when switching to itself.
This is the first "weak link" robotic boxesThese drives are focused on many sensors - engine speed, temperature, speed, etc. - make decisions to switch or stay on this gear. These algorithms are not debugged, work is frankly poorly practically from all manufacturers, also reliable servo or electrical drives leaves much to be desired - and therefore robots are far from the ideal!
Another weak link that directly affects the resource is "cunning" clutch discs, sometimes he is one, sometimes there are two of them, such as DSG from Volkswagen. The reliability of these discs is also small, you probably have been "the edge of the ear" heard scandals associated with these boxes in Volkswagen.
So my advice to you - if you take new car, the robot can still be considered, but here will, and especially DSG, I definitely do not advise you!
The average robot resource ranges from 40 to 60,000 kilometers, why so little? Yes, because problems will definitely get out, or with drives, or with clutch discs, with software, but you never know with what.
So take better transmissions, about them below.
Variator, why not?
The time of monsters came, the variator is quite popular in the Russian market, although it does not catch up with its opponent "Hydro-industry machine". The reliability of this unit directly depends on the motor manner, as well as from the proper maintenance.
The most narrow place is the Variator's belt, it is he who needs to be replaced. If it is not changed, there is a high probability that it will split right inside the case and "kill" all the nodes and aggregates. Therefore, a mandatory replacement of 100-120,000 km.
Also replacing the oil and the desired filter replacement every 60000 km (it is possible and more often will walk longer).
Why the variator is so demanding for lubrication, the whole thing is that the belt walks between the two shafts, which change their diameters (from speed and revolutions). If the oil does not change it, it begins to accumulate the chips of dirt, etc., which are settled on the belt, in fact act as abrasive on the shafts. Hence the great wear and shafts and belt, which can indirectly lead to their destruction or great wear.
For these same considerations, you should not "tear" from the room on the variator, towing other cars, because all this is a big belt wear and shafts!
However, if you fulfill all the requirements of the manufacturer, then you can walk long enough, except for the replacement of the belt at 120,000 (repair), then the resource grows up to 200 - 250,000 kilometers, maybe more.
But again, it is worth noting, any hard action, starts from the place with the "BuX", towing other machines on the cable (or houses), "Boxing" in the snowdrifts, can significantly reduce the resource, so this is also not a single transmission.
Hydrotransformer machine or here it is reliable
Yes, the fans of the variators will be forgiven, but the resource of an ordinary machine is much higher than that of two rivals. Although now manufacturers try to reduce it in every way! But about it a little later.
The old structure appeared along with the mechanics (well, maybe a little later, do not essence). Here, the torque is transmitted from the engine to the transmission, and after the wheels through the torque converter.
He has no servo, no clutch disks - the design is really reliable.
However, the usual automatic is also demanding about the quality of the oil (not since the variator, but still) if the hydrotransformer itself flies for a long time, as well as frictional (internal gears in the structure). Replacing should be approximately every 60 - 70,000 kilometers, and be sure! It is desirable to change the filter of the machine and rinse the cooling radiator.
If not to be unfounded, the automatic boxes go very - for a very long time, it is even difficult to say how much, on the forums of Japanese manufacturers is declared - that at least 500,000 kilometers, just think about it! And so I think that 250 - 300,000 km without repair is 100%.
But do not hurry to clap your hands, this is not all automatic machines! Often, many owners neglect the operating conditions, do not change oils, filter, do not wash the cooling radiator. Therefore, some automatic transmission can and do not live to 100,000! Here everything directly depends on you how you will care for this node, which ATF liquid You will pour, etc.
But in the top three contenders, the usual hydrotransformer, has the largest resource of all. Second place variator, third robot.
About the plot of manufacturers
In essence, it would not be! However, now it is increasingly and more often you can meet the so-called maintenance-free automata, alleged oil they are flooded for the entire service life, like - the resource is huge. And moreover, more and more manufacturers begin to use such automatic transmission on their cars!
On the one hand, it is good - you are "not soar", do not look into automatic transmissions, and just exploit the car.
On the other hand, this leads to the deplorable results - I want to note that unqualified automata NO! It's just a marketing stroke! And this is such a missing person riding until the car gets up with his "cola", then it turns out that the transmission "died"! And she is, it's just furious money - I think 200 - 300 thousand rubles is 100%! Here it is the manufacturer and "rubs out" the hands, and you stay at the broken "trough." No, of course, you can repair this transmission yet it is not disposable, but damn, it will be not enough to cost this!
You know earlier to change the oil () in the machine + filter. It was enough to remove the pallet of the automatic transmission, merge the oil and change the oil filter! But now it is almost impossible, no, there is of course there is a bayful neck from above, but there is no pallet cover, you can not merge the oil, you can't change the filter! Just take off and disassemble that by the way is also not cheap!
It is the most difficult and one of the most expensive repair components of the car. The automatic transmission to go to a lot of hard work. True, the engine experiences much more overload than automatic transmission. Therefore, many car owners believe that in contrast to power aggregates Automatic gearboxes do not need regular maintenance. But it is not.
It is because of the erroneous opinion about the gearboxes, many drivers neglect the maintenance of automatic transmission. For example, what do you think, where in addition to the engine you need to regularly change the oil? Of course in the transmission. After all, the operation of the automatic box directly depends on the transmission oil. Oil in the gearbox transmits hydraulic pressure to switch transmissions. Also oil lubricates all moving parts of an automatic transmission.
Unlike motor oil Transmission fluid has an increased service life. But, nevertheless, over time, oil in the automatic transmission loses its chemical property. As a result, if you do not replace the oil in the box on time, its parts will receive insufficient lubricant, which can lead to a transmission breakdown.
Primarily transmission oil loses its property from the high heating temperature of the gearbox and due to high revolutions Rotation of its components.
Therefore, keeping the oil in the box in full frequency at the desired optimal level it is extremely necessary that the transmission has not failed before the manufacturer installed by the manufacturer, service life. It is also important to use in the box only the transmission, which is recommended to fill in the automatic transmission automaker.
Where is the oil probe automatic gearbox?
In order to accurately find out where the oil probe is located, refer to your car's manual, which necessarily contains information about the location of the oil probe. As a rule, this information is located in the section " Maintenance car ".
Here are some examples in the form of photos on which we marked the orange arrow location of the oil probe gearbox in various cars:
Checking automatic transmissions
On most passenger and trucks, you can easily independently check the oil level in the gearbox using a transmission probe, as well as you do, checking the oil level in the engine. Examine the guide to the car in order to know exactly how to check the oil in the gearbox. The fact is that for different cars The process of checking the level of transmission fluid into the automatic transmission may differ.
For example, on most cars oil level in automatic box It is checked on a non-working engine when, as in most cars, the level of transmission oil in the automatic transmission is checked on the running motor, at the moment when the box is in parking mode.
But some passenger and trucks Do not have an oil probe to check. Such vehicles The oil level in the transmission can be tested only in the dealer technical center or in other car services.
Here is an example of how to check the oil level in the automatic transmission by car Mazda 6:
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1. Park the car on a flat surface and install parking brake (Raise the handbrake). 2. Let the engine work for about two minutes at the neutral position of the automatic transmission. Press the brake pedal. 3. Move the gearbox lever through all the ranges and install it at the point "P" (Switching the gear knob to each mode, set the box to Parking mode) |
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4. With the engine running on idling, pull out oil Prope, Wipe it, and install the probe back to the gearbox. |
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5.
Pull out the inspirate acupuncture again and check the fluid level.
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* That's what an oil probe looks like with a transmission fluid in reality. In this photo, the oil level in the automatic transmission is normal and the transmission fluid does not look so bad (according to color). But, nevertheless, soon the color of the oil change and in the box of this car it is recommended to change the oil to the new one.
To see the real state of the transmission fluid, it is better to drop with a drop of oil on a white paper towel. New or fresh transmission oil for automatic transmission, as a rule, should be red.
Over time, the oil property in an automatic transmission is worsening, and it becomes more browned and muddy in color.
* Example, as in color to determine whether it is necessary to change the oil into the automatic transmission, and also given an example normal level transmission fluid in the box
You can also sniff the gearbox probe. If you feel the grown smell of oil, then it's time to replace the transmission fluid to the new one. The main thing is to do it before oil in the automatic transmission becomes black.
What is the oil change interval in the gearbox?
Transmission fluid replacement intervals in automatic transmissions range from 40,000-50,000 km to 100,000 km. In some cars, automakers do not indicate the intervals of oil replacement in the automatic transmission, as some gearboxes are considered not serviced.
In order to find out the exact range of oil planned interval in the box, you must refer to the car's manual or contact the dealer.
What can damage the automatic transmission?
Most problems with automatic transmissions begin with overheating. For example, with a large load during the towing of a heavy trailer, or leaving through snow drifts, in which the car is dropped. Or if the car is moving for a long time in hot weather. Also, the box can overheat with a dynamic sports movement. At high temperatures, oil in the automatic transmission is oxidized and loses its lubricant properties.
As a result, oil deposits are formed due to oxidation in the box. If you check the oil probe inches immediately after its overheating, then you will find that the transmission fluid has become dark and dirty and has a very grown.
Also, due to the very high temperature, rubber seals and sealing rings in the automatic transmission become solid and fragile. In addition, metal parts of the automatic transmission are deformed (for example, transmission valves that regulate the pressure of the transmission fluid in the box).
Sooner or later, these changes in the gearbox will result in its breakdown.
For example, the networks are often found in the network of car owners, which burned their automatic transfers in the literal sense, trying to leave snow or dirt, stuck on the road. The worst thing is that this can happen even with a new car, which literally recently left for the road.
However, the overheating of the automatic box is not the only reason for which the transmission can fail. Sometimes the automatic transmission fails due to the shortcomings of its design or due to the factory marriage. Also frequent cause The breakdown of the automatic transmission becomes its inappropriate or its complete absence.
Remember that too low level Oils in automatic transmission, as well as too high can cause problems with the work of the box. Including in the case of using an incorrect transmission fluid (for example, the use of gearboxes that are not recommended by the manufacturer) can be observed with transmission switching. Also irregular oil For automatic transmission can lead to a complete breakage of the box.
How to increase the service life of automatic transmission?
Regularly check on the site of the car. The presence of leaks of transmission fluid. Remember that after the car parking, under it road covering You should not see fresh spots of fluid, except for spots from water. It is better to notice the oil leak from the gearbox in time. Otherwise, you risks that due to the leakage of the transmission fluid, its level in the box can fall to a minimum (or even worse below the minimum), which will naturally cause expensive problems with the box.
Therefore, that the automatic transmission will light up as long as possible, it is necessary to regularly check the level of transmission fluid in it. If your machine is not equipped with an oil probe automatic transmission, then you can check the oil level in it only at the maintenance station. For example, in some cars or there is no oil probe. Therefore, owners of such cars should at least once a month check in the technical center the level of transmission fluid in the gearbox.
If, checking the oil level in the automatic transmission, it turns out that it is low, then there is somewhere there is a leakage of a transmission fluid that must be eliminated.
Be sure to follow the oil replacement interval in an automatic box in accordance with the scheduled regulations. technical workinstalled by the automaker.
If the oil in the gearbox has become too dark or muddy (the color is more brown or black than red), then definitely replace it with a new one.
