Car adsorber. Electromagnetic valve adsorber

All modern cars with automatic fuel injection, including "Lada Kalina", are equipped with a gasoline vapor capture system (SAP). This is a mandatory requirement for machines whose class of ecology begins from Euro-3. The system is designed primarily to exclude fuel vapor entering the atmosphere, but besides this, it allows you to maintain a stable engine operation, as well as save fuel.

One of the main nodes of the Supbo is the adsorber blowing valve. As he represents this element, as it works and for which it is designed, we will talk in this article. In addition, we will consider signs of the valve fault, the causes of failure, as well as describe the process of its replacement on the example of the car "Lada Kalina".

Why do you need a fuel vapor

Gasoline refers to the discharge of easily surrounding hydrocarbons, and its pairs have a high volatility. During the operation of the engine gasoline, which is in the tank, at least a little, but heats up. In addition, during the movement, he sways. These processes accelerate fuel evaporation, creating increased pressure in the container. Previously, car tanks had only a primitive ventilation system, which simply produced pairs through special holes in the atmosphere. Naturally, it applied a certain harm to the environment, and there was no speech about saving fuel at all.

The introduction of a gasoline vapor capture system made it possible to solve these both problems at the same time. With it, evaporation is not discharged into the environment, but are used as purpose, i.e. To ensure the engine operation.

What is the system for trapping vapors

Supbo in "Kalina" consists of the following elements:

rejected and return fueling;
separator;
adsorber;
adsorber purge valve.

As you can see, the system is quite simple. Consider the purpose of each of its elements separately.

As for the fuel pipelines, it is simply a tube on which gasoline evaporations leave the tank, as well as on which fuel returns back to it. The separator serves to collect fuel and condensation vapor. The adsorber is designed to capture those evaporation that did not have time to go into a liquid state. Adsorber Purge Valve ("Kalina") We are needed in order to guide gasoline pairs to the intake manifold receiver.

How the system works

Fuel evaporation rise and concentrated at the top of the tank. When the pressure in the container rises, the pairs fall into the fuel line, and from there in the separator. There is a process of cooled and condensation. A part of evaporation settles on the walls of the separator, goes back to the liquid state and returns back to the tank on the reverse fuel line. Another part that did not have time to condense, enters the adsorber. The device is a conventional plastic jar filled with chopped activated carbon. Couples accumulate in the adsorber before starting the engine.

When we try to start a motor, the adsorber ("Kalina") joined the work. The signal for its opening is supplied from the electronic engine control unit. At the time of launch, the valve opens, and the gasoline pairs through the pipeline are served in the intake manifold receiver. Thus, evaporation, which previously did not even take into account account, contribute to the economy of fuel, and also do not pollute the environment.

What is an adsorber blower valve on Kalina

In fact, the adsorber purge valve ("Kalina") is a conventional shut-off device, activated by a conventional electromagnet. It consists of:

plastic case;
electrical connector;
spring-loaded valve;
electromagnetic winding;
magnetic core.

Valve operating phases

When the engine is turned off adsorber Purge Valve ("Kalina") Deaded and is in a closed position. In other words, the pair capture system is blocked by the power unit. At this time, the evaporation of gasoline is concentrated in adsorber under pressure. At the time of starting the engine, the electronic control unit feeds power to the valve, driven by an electromagnet. It opens the locking device, and the gasoline pairs naturally are absorbed by when the engine stops its work, the valve is de-energized and overlaps the pipeline. Gasoline couples cease to enter the receiver. So working adsorber Purge Valve ("Kalina").

Some modern foreign-made industries are equipped with more complex devices. Their design is supplemented by sensors that allow the electronic unit to further obtain information on the saturation of the adsorber fuel in pairs, evaluate the percentage of air and based on the obtained data to control the fuel supply to the injector.

Adsorber Purge Valve Fault Signs

Adsorber Purge Valve ("Lada Kalina"), like any other electromechanical part, may fail. Signs of its fault are:

the appearance of Check inscriptions on the dashboard (when testing, an error with code P0441 is determined, corresponding to the malfunction of the gasoline vapor capture system);
swimming engine speed at idle;
unstable engine operation while driving;
increase fuel consumption;
increased CO 2 levels in exhaust gases.

In addition, in Lada Kalina cars, the adsorber purge fault can manifest itself in the appearance of a characteristic smell of gasoline in the cabin. This phenomenon occurs when the pressure in the vapor trailing system exceeds the calculated indicators.

Valve's diagnostics is easy, but you need to know where to look for it.

Adsorber Purge Valve (Kalina): Where is it, and how to find out

Unlike the Injection Car of the Samara family, the adsorber from "Kalina" is not in the engine compartment, and next to the gas tank. Get to it without removing the fuel capacity, it is impossible. But the purge valve is located under the hood. It is fixed on the frame of the radiator, and access to it is always free. You can easily find him, having learned on two tubes, according to which, actually, a pair of gasoline is moving.

Valve check

Suspend that the device has failed, hurry to diagnose it and replace if necessary. No, his breakdown does not carry critical consequences. The car both traveled, so will ride, just the engine will work in emergency mode, and fuel will consume more. But how to check the adsorber blowing valve on Kalina on its own?

This process will not take much time. And all that you need from tools is a multimeter, screwdriver and pair of wires. Raise the hood, find the valve. Next, we disconnect the wiring harness from it. To do this, press the fixture lock fixator. First will check whether the voltage comes on the valve. Turn on the multimeter in the voltmeter mode. His black dipstick we join the "mass" of the car, and the red - to the connector "A" on the block of wiring harness. Turn on the ignition and look at the instrument readings. The voltage on the outputs must correspond to the battery voltage. If it is not at all, or it is significantly less, the problem is not in the valve, but much deeper.

If everything is in order with the voltage, go further. We dismantle the purge valve. To do this, weaken the fastening of hose clamps and remove them from the fittings. I shift the valve up the bracket and remove it.

Checking the device consists in connecting it directly to the battery terminals. We take one wire and connect it to the plus output of the purge valve. The second wire is connected to a minus and throw both guides on the corresponding battery terminals. At this point, a click saying that the electromagnet worked. In this case, you can read the valve of purging the adsorber worker. If, when connected, nothing happened, the device will have to be changed.

We change the purge valve

Trying to repair the valve - an ungrateful occupation. Yes, and it is inexpensive. Depending on the modification, the price of it can be from 350 to 600 rubles.

Replacing the adsorber purge valve on Kalina After checking and dismantling it is carried out using one tool - screwdrivers with a crossbow.

The procedure for installing the device is next. First of all, we attach gasoline passage hoses to the valve fittings. Screwdriver tighten the screws of the clamps. We establish the valve to the bracket and shift it on the guide downwards until it stops. We connect wiring harness. Turn on the ignition, run the engine. If his work has improved noticeably, the turnover became stable, and the error message disappeared from the dashboard, then we did everything right.

For reading 4 min.

With recent times, such a device as an absorber has become present in the exhaust system of the car. What it is, as it works and for what you can find in this article.

In a modern car there are a lot of different devices. Twenty years ago, anyone in the car did not need such events for us already things like a GPS navigator and on-board computer. One such previously unprecedented device appeared quite recently, and it is called absorber. This thing is a special device, the purpose of which the absorption of exhaust gases and various vapors, and the division of mixtures by two or more components. The principle of operation of this apparatus is based on a special fluid, which is the main work element - this is an absorbent.

Design

Externally, absorber looks like an oblong bank and two tubes:

The first tube conducts perceived pairs inside.
The second is designed to exit condensate.

In the same cylinder, and mostly such a form is the main tank, there are absorber and evaporator. Inside the cylinder is divided into half the separator, most often just a steel plate.

The divider is 3/4; The diameter of the cylinder, such a solution was taken to ensure that the upper part of the evaporator comes into contact with the absorber. In this case, the refrigerant free chairs on the cylinder without losing pressure. Also absorber includes a generator and capacitor. The condenser and the generator are divided by an inclined sheet of steel so that they do not come into contact. Sheet steel is also not solid, one half is simply solid, and the second perforated. When pairs of refrigerant bearing from a weak solution with a sharp warming of the condensate drops are released on the other side and returned to the solution, thus, the absorbent always remains in the same quantity. The refrigerant pairs also settled on the walls of the tubes, due to which they are cooled and the pressure drops in them. Then, in the heated engine, they are overtook.

Principle of operation

The absorber is located in the lower part of the cylinder, and the evaporator from above, above the absorber pipes. The refrigerant passes through the tubes in the cylinder, due to which the liquid that does not evaporate is assembled at the bottom. Excaging, the refrigerant falls into the tube of the evaporator. Further, when it comes out of the condenser, the refrigerant is mixed with the absorbent solution and enters the heat generator, where the refrigerant is separated again. After couples enters the condenser, where chilled water is released from it, and the emerging substance again saturates the absorber, making the solution concentrated. The solution is usually the place after the heat exchanger passes. The absorber is located near the catalyst and collects the fuel pair system above, so that these pairs do not fall into the exhaust manifold and the catalyst, significantly extended life last. When the special valve is triggered in the absorber, it opens and all the collected pairs go back to the tank. Later

Mandatory characteristics

This mixture of chemical reagents is obliged to have some permanent characteristics that will indicate that the absorber works successfully. All of them are further:

The pressure in the case is inoperable should be close to the atmospheric.
The absorbent liquid must have an immutable consistency so that when the refrigerant is passing through it, there is little absorbent.
A relatively constant refrigerant temperature should be maintained to limit its consumption.
Two of these liquids, both in a liquid and gaseous state, must be completely dissolved.
There must also be qualitatively mixing between the evaporator and the absorbent.
Required: Full safety and chemical stability of both liquids.

Applicable liquids

Several fluid variants can be used as an evaporator and an absorbent element. Now there are already three such options. The first is a combination of ammonia as refrigerant and water in the form of an absorbent. The second, the same perfectly operating, option is water and lithium bromide. The third, and the last of the current existing, is water as refrigerant and lithium bromide as an absorbent. All of them work perfectly and have slightly differing characteristics. Most often, the use of a particular mixture combination depends on the choice of the manufacturer of the machine.

Adsorber (often called absorber) is one of the velocities of the car, which is responsible for the absorption and neutrogenation of gasoline vapors leaving the tank. Many car owners believe that this is a completely unnecessary device, which only creates unnecessary problems, so it is often removed at all.

However, the increased consumption of gasoline and other problems in the operation of the system, as a rule, arise only if the absorber valve is out. Therefore, before you ruthlessly remove this node, it will be useful to learn a little more about the features of its work and the procedure for changing the instrument.

What is the adsorber

In the process of operation of the engine TC gasoline heats up a bit, highlighting very volatile pairs. Their formation is intensified under the influence of the vibration of a moving car. If the TC does not provide a system for neutralizing harmful evaporation, and primitive ventilation is installed, then the formation is simply displayed on the street through special holes.

Such a picture was observed with almost all old carburetor vehicles (which is why it is often in a car unpleasantly smelled gasoline) until the ecological standard of Euro-2, which controls the level of harmful evaporation into the atmosphere. Today, each car must be equipped with a corresponding filtering system to respond to standards. As a rule, the simplest of them is the adsorber.

What is the filter element and how it works

If we talk simple words, the absorber is a large jar filled with activated carbon. In addition, the system is present:

Separator with valve gravity. It is responsible for capturing fuel particles. The gravitational valve, in turn, is used very rarely, but in an emergency situation (for example, if during the accident the car turned over) it will prevent the fuel overflow from the gas tank.
Pressure meter. It is necessary to control the level of gasoline vapor in the tank. As soon as their level is exceeded, harmful components are reset.
Filtering part. In fact, it is the same bank with granulated activated carbon.
Solenoid valve. It is used to switch between the capturing modes of the released gasoline vapors.

If we talk about the principle of system operation, it is very simple:

At first, the gasoline pairs rise in the gas tank and are sent to the separator, where the partial condensation of the fuel occurs, which in the liquid form goes back to the benzobac.
That part of evaporation that could not settle in the form of fluid passes through the gravitational sensor and sent to the adsorber.
When the machine motor is in the off state, gasoline pairs begin to accumulate in the filter element.
As soon as the engine starts, the adsorber valve is entering into business, which opens and connects the adsorber with the intake manifold.
The gasoline pairs are combined with oxygen (which enters the system through the throttle assembly) and switch to the intake manifold and the "engine" cylinders, where harmful evaporations are roasted with air and fuel.

As a rule, the adsorber valve gives a failure. If it starts to open and close in the wrong mode or completely fails, it can adversely affect the work of the entire car and provoke breakdowns.

Fault solenoid valve

If the adsorber is almost all the time in uninterrupted mode, the purge valve can easily stop functioning. This will entail damage to the gas station. If the adsorber does not carry out the correct ventilation, the gasoline will gradually accumulate in the intake manifold.

This leads to rather unpleasant "symptoms":

At idle the so-called failures appear.
The thrust is disturbed (it seems that the TC is constantly losing power).
When the engine is running, the sound valve sounds are not heard.
The fuel consumption increases noticeably.
During the opening of the gas tank cover, hissing and whistle.
The fuel tank sensor literally lives his life (it can show that the benzobac is full, and after a second - that there is nothing in it).
An unpleasant gasoline "aroma" appears in the car.

Sometimes the filter element, on the contrary, makes too loud sounds, which are also not the norm. To make sure that the reason is the faulty valve, and not the timing, sufficiently press gas enough. If the sound effect remains the same, then most likely the problem is in the valve of the adsorber.

In this case, it is recommended to slightly twist the device's adjusting screw. However, it takes it no more than half a turn. Too strong fixation will result in an error of the controller. If such manipulations did not help, then you need to carry out more detailed diagnostics.

Check the performance of adsorber

To make sure that the fault is related to the valve of this item, you can send a car to full diagnostics. But, it is expensive, so we try to first identify possible problems.

First of all, you need to see if the error controller does not produce, for example, the "circuit control break". If everything is fine, it will take advantage of manual check. To do this, it is enough to prepare a multimeter, a screwdriver and several wires. After that, you need to perform a few simple steps:

Raise the car hood and find the desired valve.
Disconnect from this element harness with wires. For this you first need to press the special fixture of the pad fixtures.
Check if the voltage is on the valve. To do this, you must enable the multimeter and switch it to the Voltmeter mode. After that, the black appliance probe is connected to the mass of the car, and the red - to the connector with the labeling "A", which is on the harness of the wires. At the next stage, you need to start the motor and see which testimony gives the device. The voltage must be the same as in the battery. If it is not at all or it is too small, you will probably have to look for a more serious problem. If everything is fine with the voltage, then you can move to the next step.

Remove the purge valve. To remove it, you need to easily weaken the fastening of the clamps. After that, you can easily move the valve slightly up and on a small bracket smoothly pull it out. After that, the device must be connected directly to the battery terminals. One wire goes to the purge valve (on "+"), and the second is connected to "minus". After that, both guides are connected to the corresponding battery terminals. If the click did not happen, the valve was completely out of order and it is best to replace it.

Put a new adsorber valve

To replace the item, it is not necessary to contact the car service. Works can be carried out and independently with the help of several cruciform screwdrivers. You also need to purchase a new valve (its marking must fully coincide with the data on the old device).

Thereafter:

We find adsorber.
Remove the minus terminal with the battery.
Disconnect the wire block by pressing the retainer and pulling up the device on itself.
Weakening the mounting of the electromagnetic valve and disconnect the hoses.
I pull out the old device (the bracket will be released with it) from the absorber.
Install a new device and collect everything in the reverse order.

In custody

Some car owners make a decision and remove the adsorber at all, believing that it negatively affects the consumption of gasoline and to work the car in general. However, it is necessary to recognize that such problems occur only if the device is, or rather its valve, faulty. If the device works in normal mode, it does not affect the control of the car and its fuel consumption.

What is an adsorber, what task is performing which problems may be, talking about this and many other things in today's article.

Many car owners do not even have the concepts, not what about the device system, but sometimes even its existence. Therefore, the task of this article to "decompose everything on the shelves", including to find out how the device works, as well as where it is.

In the photo: Adsorr - plastic black tank under the hood of Chevrolet Niva

Why do not need adsorber?

It was originally created as tribute to environmental standards, exactly under Euro2. By and large, the motor can be configured so that it will cost it without it. But, taking into account modern norms, vapor leakage is unacceptable. Plus, the adsorber does not allow the fuel vapors to fall into the salon, what do you think too unfortunately. If on old cars, another carburetor type, such a system was not in principle, on all modern injectors, it is obligatory.

Adsorber device and where is it?

The adsorber is structurally a cylinder, and the hollow, inside of which is located, the so-called filtering component. Also, the adsorber consists of a number of additional modules, for example:

The first is the container in which the filter is placed.

The filter element is often simple granulated activated carbon.

Separator, device receiving and sending back to tank detained fuel pairs.

Magnetic valve responsible for changing operation modes.

The gravitational valve prevents overflow overflow in case of tipping the car.

Various connecting hoses and tubes.

Perhaps one of the main elements of the entire adsorbing system is a magnetic valve. It is from it that depends on the mode of operation, change modes. That is, it is responsible for the timely switching of the accumulation mode, when the pairs accumulate in the tank, to the transmission mode of vapors back to the tank.

Depending on the car and even models of one manufacturer, the location may vary. Here you need to find out specifically in models and even year of release. An excellent example, Audi A4 B5, where in different years of the system has been placed under the front, rear fenders, under the bakery, directly on the tank. Therefore, learn the instruction manual, there, as a rule, is indicated where the adsorber can be. On domestic Lada, almost on all models, the adsorber is in the right corner, if you look at the movement of the car, next to the spotlight.

In the photo: Adsorr under the hood VAZ 2112

How does the adsorber work?

There is nothing complicated in the work. The algorithm is the next, pair, suppose gasoline, forming in the tank, rise and fall into the so-called separator. Here they are condensed, turning into a liquid. Educated liquid is back into the tank, and the remaining non-transformed pairs fall directly into the adsorber. In the adsorber, the pairs are absorbed by the filter activated by coal, it is most effectively coping with this task. Remember that the accumulation of vapors in the adsorber occurs only on the muffled motor.

After the engine is started, the ECU according to the available modes of operation gives a signal and the magnetic valve opens connecting the adsorber with the throttle or intake manifold. Next occurs when the pairs are driven by the system and connect with air through the throttle. "Race" is carried out at the expense of the discharge in the intake manifold. Then they fall into the cylinders, where they flamm down with the main "portion" of combustion.

In principle, it is clear until the machine stands for a steam type evaporating fuel, then the part in the form of condensate returns to the tank, and the other part in the form of vapors through the adsorber gets into the throttle and then on the system. There is nothing complicated, everyone will understand.

Faults and signs

Remember that the signs not always listed below can talk about problems with the filtering system. So:

The readings from the fuel level sensor are constantly spread, it shows an empty tank, through time full.

Floating, but with the reservation, that this can only happen on a heated motor, somewhere after 10 minutes of the trip.

On the "idle", when you put a little on gas, such a feeling that the car is about to stall, like gasoline ended.

When opening the lid of the tank, the whistle is heard.

The knock of the magnetic valve is often confused with the locks of the valves.

Fuel consumption.

As for the faults, let's return to the section on the system of the system, from which it consists and, what can fail?

1. Hoses, tubes. It is clear that everything is not forever, each manufacturer may have their own resource, as a rule, the owners begin to face loss of tightness, crackling of hoses, somewhere after 130,000 km. average.

2. Crashing channels of adsorber, hoses. Subsequently, all sorts of garbage accumulates, including also destroyed container membranes or activated carbon itself.

3. Non-working valve. In some same position, it was a fairly frequent problem, and honestly admit, in most cases it is with the problems of the magnetic valve and encounter. There are two options, change to a new one (very expensive) or search for craftsmen and repair, you can, of course, on your own, but your hands should be from the right place.

4. The voltage is lost on the magnetic valve. Check the wiring, perhaps some kind of relay "buggy" or even a failure in the ECU (rarely, but happens). After all, the signals for opening / closing come from the "brains".

5. Separator, what is the problem with him? May crack, because they are often plastic, therefore loss of tightness, in the end, the pairs are not transformed into a liquid, etc. To solder this container is extremely difficult, plastic such a property, which is very difficult melting.

6. Ended coal. The problem is rare, immediately note that most likely with some kind of malfunction is still, for example, depressurization of the system, as an option.

Conclusion

What I would like to emphasize in the article, firstly, the fact that without the adsorber can do, it is enough to disable it, a minute case (if, of course, you don't care about the atmosphere and your own health), secondly, with normal operation of the device, the car feels Itself quite adequately, moreover, the fuel saves.

Therefore, if such a trouble happened, try to identify the true cause, and then make a decision, whether you are ready to spend a round sum of new parts (as a rule, the new adsorber will cost 5,000 - 6,000 rubles) or not.

On the above car, the adsorber appeared for a long time, after the introduction of Euro-3 environmental norm. Thanks to this norm, cars should have been equipped with a special device that might keep in itself evaporating fuel before it falls into the atmosphere.

By car VAZ-2114, the absorber has the shape of a black cylinder, which is installed in the engine compartment on the right side, not far from the radiator.

The principle of adsorber on VAZ-2114

To begin with, you should understand what adsorption is. So, this is a kind of process, at the expense of which the absorption of liquid and solid gaseous substances is carried out. The first example of this can serve as the first gas mask in the world, where activated carbon acted as adsorber. In the VAZ-2114 car, the adsorber is approximately the same device, only its design has become much more complicated. Automotive adsorber today is a plastic case, inside which there is a special filler that can capture gasoline pairs, thereby protecting the atmosphere from pollution. But this item on the VAZ-2114 is not limited to this. The fact is that the adsorber also includes various valves and nozzles.

The adsorber does not have any effect on fuel consumption at all, since its main goal is to increase the ecology of the car. As the gas tank is empty, fuel vapor climbs up the neck, after which they fall into the separator. In this place, it again acquires a liquid state, resulting in returning to the tank. Part of the vapor that was never able to condense, falls into the above adsorber. The latter, by the way, is filled with the same activated carbon designed to absorb harmful gases. It is very noteworthy that this process occurs when the engine is turned off.

The fact is that during the operation of the motor, the adsorber is constantly blown at the expense of a special valve, which means that absolutely all gases are burned in the exhaust system. It follows that the main purpose of the adsorber is the neutralization of gasoline vapor.

Possible breakdowns of adsorber

There are only two reasons for clogging valve adsorber:

Low quality gasoline.
Adsorber filler particles that scored valve.

By the way, there is another option for diagnosing an adsorber fault. If it is significantly clogged, but the gas tank cover still stands still, then in the cabin from time to time you can hear the steady smell of gasoline, which appears, it disappears by itself.

Features of adsorber removal

If you still decided to completely remove the adsorber, you will need:

change the gas tank plug on a leakage;
replace the firmware of the electrical control unit;
put the discharge and feed pipes.

As mentioned earlier, before removing the adsorber, you should think about the feasibility of such a deed, because there is no extra details in the car. But even if you have decided to remove it, this process should be taken seriously. First of all, it is necessary to take care of the ventilation of a gas tank, which is simply necessary in the absence of an adsorber. For those owners of cars that redo the carburetor motor on the injection, there is an indisputable advantage. In case they do not touch the tanks of the tank, then they will not disrupt the carburetor system of its ventilation. In this situation, there is no need for adsorber in such cars.

In the case of a VAZ-2114 car having an injection motor, everything is much more complicated. Nevertheless, deleting the adsorber is also not needed. It should be noted that the only positive point in the presence of the adsorber is to reduce the number of harmful emissions into the atmosphere of our planet. The indisputable "minuses" of this part can be attributed quite high cost, as well as too large space occupied under the hood of the adsorber. It is the last two facts, as a rule, the reason for the decision to delete it is caused.

But most often motorists remove the adsorber after he fails. Its cost is so much so that the owners of the car come to the conclusion that they are not very good and concerned about the state of the atmosphere of the Earth. Especially since removing this item is simple enough. To do this, you need to wear a fine filter of the separator hose. Now all gasoline pairs will leave directly into the atmosphere. At the same time, the hose from the valve is not necessary. But if you interfere with Check Engine, you should adjust the ECU control program so that this light bulb stops glowing on the dashboard.