Man always sought to high speeds. In antiquity, when the animals moved only, the hill are very valued, capable of overcome long distances for a small one (for the concepts) time.
Probably giving tribute to horsebacks, all invented engines are customary to characterize horse poweroh.
First cars
Since the first cars appeared, people began to experience them for speed. The best was considered the car that developed a greater speed.
The first officially registered speed record is installed on an electric vehicle 18.12.1898. The design of Charles Zheto accelerated to 63.149 km / h. Under the control of Count Gaston de Shasl-Loba vehicle for 57 seconds. "Swept" between the control marks and overcame 1000 m.
Until the end of the 19th century Two more records were installed. At first, the people at 92.78 km / h were submitted to people. And, after only 2 months, a hundredokilometer plank was taken.
La Jamais Contente is an electric vehicle that has been exposed to the National Museum of France to this day, "ran" 105.882 km.
The twentieth century
The second hundred kilometers "requested" the Rider by the name Burman in 1911. He managed to dispersed the car collected by the firm "Benz" to 228.04 km / h.
The result of 327.98 km / h was shown in the 27th by the pilot of Henry Sigraiv. Sport car "Sunbeam", which he piloted, was assembled by the British.
At Blue Flame, Campbell overcame the next line. His high-speed record of the 32nd year was 408.63 km / h. It should be noted that this person is a record holder not only auto racing. On his account victory and in the air, and on the water.
Few know that already in 37th someone could move on the ground at a speed greater than half a thousand km / h. A similar result was able to achieve John Ayston on a three-wheel car, externally reminiscent of an aircraft. The maximum speed was 502.43 km / h.
Our days
In pursuit of new achievements, thousands of talents are working to develop improved car models. Now they are the task themselves - exceed the speed of a thousand miles / hour.
About the intention to overcome the frontier of 1609 kilometers per hour declared the Bloodhound SSC designer. They have already managed to develop a car moving faster speed Sound. Now there are very complex technical tasks in front of them. One of the questions is unstable tires that will be required with three engines machine.
Looking like a car rocket will be equipped with engines:
Reactive eurojet ej200;
Hybrid rocket;
Gasoline per 800 hp
And let such cars in the motorways drive not destined, we wish to achieve the targets to achieve the target.
Well, if you still have a desire to establish your speed record, it is necessary to start training in a driving school on the defense, and then, it would not be bad to go through the Extreme Driving School.
Always dissatisfied ) with engine power 40 hp Developed a speed of 105.876 km / h.Bluebird Electric Speed \u200b\u200bRecords
Sir Malcolm Campbell nine times broke the world speed record on different cars BlueBird. On the sandy coast of Wales Pendine Sands, he set the following records:
- September 25, 1924 At the bank of Sunbim, Campbell set a record of 146.16 mph.
- On July 21, 1925, he reached a speed of 242.79 km / h, overcoming the frontier of 150 miles per hour.
In the future, Campbell abandoned the Sanbim Machines and built the bolliffs of his own design.
- At the beginning of 1927, Campbell on Pend Pets Beach (United Kingdom) raised a speed record up to 281 km per hour.
After a year, Campbell went to the start with the new "blue bird". In the same place in Diton, he set a record of 333 km / h.
- In 1935, on Lake Bonneville, Utah, he reached a speed of 301.12 million per hour or 484.620 km / h.
The last record of Campbell installed on the famous Salt Lake Bonneville in the state of Utah, finding that the salt surface of the lake is not only perfectly smooth, but also provides excellent tire clutch. Almost all subsequent speed records were installed on Bonneville. After that, there was already Campbell as farmly (he was 49 years old) left the sport, however, in 1940 he trapped the world record speed on the water. Campbell record was 237 km / h.
- His son, Donald, continued the tradition and overcame the barrier of 400 miles per hour, driving a Bluebird car.
For the first time Campbell came out new Machine BlueBirdCN7 on start in 1960 on Bonneville. And one of the races almost ended with a catastrophe: the car flew to the air to the air, turned over and hit the Earth. Contrary to expectations, the racer was separated by light scratches. Completely rebuilding the "blue bird" and having attached a high keel for the best course stability, Campbell took her to Australia, on the Soleny Lake Air, deciding that the Bonneville route is no longer suitable for such speeds. As a result, Campbell managed to beat the record only in 1964. It amounted to 403 miles per hour (648 km / h). When designing the Campbell car, I expected much more. But it must have been glad and this, especially since he was officially listed the fastest racer of the planet.
- The winner of the world record of speed is now Don Wales. He installed two American national records and eight records in the UK. Wells Following Campbell continued to install records, the first of which was the record speed record in 1998.
- In 2009, he established the current record speed for a steam car 148 km / h.
- In August 2011, Don Wells installed a new record - he overcame the frontier of 500 km / h.
A total of 27 speed records were installed on the Bluebird car, of which 9 were using Castrol oil.
Notes
Links
- Records of speed on Earth on the website of the International Automotive Federation
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.
How fast will the tube from the bottle of champagne fly out? What animal is the fastest on earth? Are there speeds above the speed of light? Today we will talk about some amazing speed records.
Nervous impulses in the human body
They are moving at a speed of about 90 meters per second.
The greatest speed of the toy train
It is 10 km / h.
The biggest speed in animals
The biggest the speed in the animal world - 322 km / h. This speed is developing a sapsan when diving for mining:
Water molecules
When boiling water, its molecules are moving with speed \u200b\u200b650 meters per second.
The slowest speed in sports
She was registered on August 12, 1889 - just 1.35 km / h. This sport was dragging the rope.
Golf ball flight speed
Next instant after hitting the ball for his golf speed \u200b\u200binstantly develops to 270 km / h.
AIRCRAFT
When the aircraft develops the speed of 1,000 km / h, then its length increases by one centimeter relative to the length of his rest.
The most windy place on earth
Commonwealth Bay is officially recognized in the Guinness Book of Records and the Eighth Editor of the National Geographic Atlas. The most windy place on Earth. Moreover, it is located in the Antarctic, so forget about short-term gusts of the wind, here the wind is constantly blowing at a speed of 240 km / h.
The most slow mammal
They are a three-blind slide, he moves at a speed of about 2 meters per minute.
The highest speed recorded on earth
Is the superluminal speed possible? Probably, everyone - even people far from physics, it is known that the maximum speed of motion of material objects or the propagation of any signals is the speed of light in vacuum. It is indicated by the letter C and constitutes almost 300 thousand kilometers per second; Accurate magnitude with \u003d 299 792 458 m / s.
In 2000, Lijun Wong with employees in the Research Institute in Princeton (USA) fulfilled the following experiment. Through the chamber 6 centimeters long, filled with cesium couples, passed a laser pulse. The result of the experiment: the light pulse included in the chamber filled with cesium pairs increases its speed more than 300 times. In this way, the greatest speed ever recorded on our planet, 310 times the speed of light.
The biggest speed of a person
The greatest speed ever developed by a person, amounts 39 897 km / h. It was reached by astronauts of the main module "Apollo 10" at an altitude of 122 km from the surface of the Earth when returning to the native planet.
The greatest speed, developed Blind driver
The greatest speed, developed blind driver - 322.5 kilometers per hour. Driver Hein Wagner dispersed to this speed on mERCEDES-BENZ car SL65 AMG and managed to keep this speed over a kilometer. His record Hein Wagner hopes to draw attention to the problems of blind people. His record was officially recognized as representatives of the Guinness Book of Records.
Records of reading speed
Reading speed of 16-year-old Kievani Ira Ivachenko - 163 333 words per minute with a complete learned learned. This achievement was officially registered in the presence of journalists.
Informal Record Speed \u200b\u200bReference - 416 250 words per minute. The record was recorded on September 9, 1989 during testing under the direction of the center in the presence of 20 courses listeners. Recordsman - Evgenia Alekseenko. In the Kiev Center for Studies, the brain for Eugene was prepared special testWith which she underwent in the presence of several scientists. Eugene read 1390 words for one fifth second - in the time you want to blink. The content of the read Eugene retells for hours, not losing the smallest details.
Another record of reading speed has established a student of the Russian school Svetlana Arkhipov - 60,000 signs per minute. The record is listed in the Guinness Book of Records.
ABOUT KIDS
The greatest speed of reproduction of offspring in person - 58 children per year. Record put Sultan Morocco Mulai Ismail (rules from 1672 to 1727), which by 31, there were 525 sons and 342 daughters. Mulai Ismail contained 500 concubines.
The highest print speed
The greatest speed of printing - 2600 pages of A4 format per minute. The record belongs to the Inkjet Web Press Printer from Hewlett-Packard. It is worth noting that at the same time the cost of one print no more than 1 cent.
The highest speed of the game on the drum
The record of the highest speed on the game on the drum was installed on October 24, 1991 by the famous English musician Rori Blackwell. He demonstrated his skill in the park of rest Finlac County Devonshire (United Kingdom). For one minute on one drum he produced 3,720 shots chopsticks in 60 seconds. That is, 62 impacts per second! At that time, Rori Blackwell was already 58 years old.
Champagne Tube Flight rate
German physicist Friedrich Balka from Technical University of Claustala in Lower Saxony calculated the speed of the aircraft from the champagne bottle. With the help of photovoltaic and acoustic devices, the scientist found that tube speed reaches 40 km / hThe flight height is up to 12 meters. Theoretically, the speed of the cork can reach 100 km / h, but this is possible only in bottles that have conducted a certain time under the influence of direct sunlight and shook well before opening.
There are people who live at the limiting speed. They chase their records and seek to be faster than everyone. And no matter how they do it - driving racing Bolida Or on the back of a rink camel. The bottom line is that they have the speed in the blood.
If company BMW. He was a man, so it could be said about her. Magnificent performances in the DTM Racing Series and European Touring, in Formula 1 and ring motorcycle racing - the speed was an integral part of the BMW life throughout its history and remains this part today.
Technologies worked on racing routes and during record races are used by BMW when developing road cars. Firstly, the quality of German technology is talking about, repeatedly tested by extreme loads. Secondly, the speed breathe many "civilian" model of the company, for example, the "charged" 370-strong beauty BMW M2 Coupe, which can accelerate to "hundreds" for 4.3 seconds and limited 250 km / h is only an electronic method for security. Finally, it is worth mentioning the line of accessories BMW M Performance, which allows you to customize in a sporty style various models Companies. Carbon "body kit" that reduces aerodynamic resistance, power increase package, sports exhaust and brake system, accessories for the salon - the ability to make a car from ordinary car Attracts many.
Therefore, today we are talking about speed records. About brilliant engineers who build fast cars, airplanes and ships. About fearless pilots who risk to become one of the fastest. On the records of ordinary and complex, ordinary and strange - about that, without which a person cannot exist.
Speed \u200b\u200brecords on land
Absolute speed record ON THE LAND:
1227.986 km / h
Vehicle: Thrust SSC
Power unit: Two Turbofuel Engine Rolls-Royce Spey RB.168 MK.202
Pilot: Andy Green
Date: October 15, 1997
Who will beat: Bloodhound SSC car
Today there is only one team in the world that consistently beats one absolute speed record, and this situation is preserved for 30 years. It all started with the fact that in the distant 1983, Richard Noobl on the reactive Thrust 2 acted in the Black Rock desert to a speed of 1019.47 km / h. After a half decades, Noobl acted as a designer - his pilot Andy Green on the mighty Thrust SSC set two record speeds in a row. Today, the same team prepares the monstrous Bloodhound SSC to the next arrival, which should be accelerated more than 1600 km / h. Thrust SSC became the first car overcoming the sound barrier. In its design, two aircraft engine was used with a total capacity of 110,000 hp, an analogue of the F-4 Phantom II installed on the fighter-bombarder and burning 18 liters of fuel per second. Not very economical, but the record keeps for almost 20 years. Because no one, besides Noble, is trying to beat him.
Car with hydrogen engine:
487.672 km / h
Vehicle: Buckeye Bullet 2
Power unit: Engine on hydrogen fuel cells
Pilot: Roger Schroer
Date: September 25, 2009
Who will beat: BucKeye Bullet 3 in 2017-2018
Although cars on hydrogen elements exist relative to a long time ago, before 2004, no one tried to build a special car to establish a speed record in this area. The first was BMW, which submitted a record car BMW. I i2R with a 12-cylinder giant engine, dispersed in the end to 301.95 km / h. The record was held until 2009 - he was broken by a team from the University of Ohio at a special Buckeye Bullet 2. It is worth noting that the same guys own a speed record among electric vehicles (495.526 km / h), established a year later by car Buckeye Bullet 2.5. Now in the development of the third generation of a car.
Steam car:
238,679 km / h
Vehicle: Inspiration
Power unit: two-stage steam turbine
Pilot: Donauyls.
Date: August 26, 2009
Who will beat: Cyclone Paromobil Team Steam USA in 2017-2018
Right speed vapor car held for 103 (!) years. In the distance 1903, the Fred Marriott pilot on a record Stanley Rocket acted on Dayton Beach beach to 205.5 km / h. Up to the mid-1980s, no one just did not bother the need to beat this record. In 1985 american pilot Bob Barber on the Barber-Nichols Steamin Demon vapor boll reached a speed of 234.33 km / h, but the record was not recognized by FIA due to the violation of the rules (Barber had both arrived in one direction, while FIA \u200b\u200bdemands them in opposite directions For one hour). Finally, in 2009, the British team under the leadership of Mlinna Bowhener built steam inspiration, which overcomed to the marriage plan. Now there are two teams - Steam Speed \u200b\u200bAmerica and Team Steam USA - prepare their carobolides for races, and one of them is most likely a British achievement belch.
MOTORCYCLE:
605.697 km / h
Vehicle: Top Oil ASK Attack Streamliner
Power unit: two turbocharged engines Suzuki Hayabusa
Pilot: Rocky Robinson
Date: September 25, 2010
Who will beat: Rocky Robinson himself in 2017-2018
In the 2000s, the fight for the motorcycle speed record was very tense - Pilot Rocky Robinson and Chris Carr four times exceeded each other's achievements, alternately turning out the top of the record pyramid. The point put Robinson on the Ack Attack strimline, becoming the first motorcyclist overcoming the bar in 600 km / h. The record motorcycle was equipped with two powerful Suzuki Hayabusa with a total volume of 2598 cm3, enhanced Garret turbocharging. Interestingly, in record practice, the line between the concepts of "car" and "motorcycle" is very thin - motorcycles with side support ("stroller") are very similar to cars, the story even knew the case when the Record Car Spirit Of America Craig Bridlav was "retracted" In a motorcycle after arrival, although one way or another showed an absolute speed record for any vehicle for any vehicle.
Air Speed \u200b\u200bRecords
Screw aircraft:
871.38 km / h
Vehicle: Passenger-1M passenger
Power unit: 4 gas turbine engines NK-12
Pilot: Ivan Sukhomlin
Date: March 24, 1960 who will beat: Nobody. Small planes are unable to such, and large with propeller do not build no longer
Not all records belong to the British and Americans. For example, a speed record for an aircraft, which is moved by propellers (that is, not reactive), for more than half a century, the Soviet pilot test, Ivan Sukhomlin, hesitated to 871 km / h on Tu-114.114, was, in fact, the last large passenger turboprop The plane, and at the time of creation (1957) - the largest passenger aircraft in the world at all! It was moved by four huge engines of the NK-12 SNTK Kuznetsov, and each rotated two propeller in opposite directions with a diameter of 6 m. Today, the era of turboprop aircraft went into the past, and hardly anyone ever invests millions of dollars in the construction of the machine, able to beat this record.
Muscullet:
44.26 km / h
Vehicle: Musculair Muscular 2
Power unit: absent
Pilot: Holger Rochell
Date: October 2, 1985
Who will beat: someone from enthusiasts is more precisely impossible
Muscullets - the device is unusual and rare, in the entire history of mankind there was hardly hundred. The first flight of the aircraft on the muscular (pedal) traction occurred only in 1961, and the first flight is not in a straight line, that is, allowing to change the direction of movement, in 1977. The German engineer Günther Rochell was one of the enthusiasts of muscular construction, creating two records of Musculair and Musculair 2. Musculair was the first in the history of a musculomolet, raised the passenger (Nitilom was the son of Günther Holger Rochelt, and the passenger is the daughter of Catherine). And on the second generation, Holger has so far not a surpassed speed record for the apparatus on muscular strength. In fact, in the world, there are enough enthusiasts of this unusual direction, and sooner or later the Kolger's record must fall. But clearly not in the next three or four years.
HELICOPTER:
508.6 km / h
Vehicle: Experienced Bell 533 helicopter
Power unit: 1 Lycoming T53-L-9A gas turbine engine and 2 turbojet Pratt & Whitney JT12
Pilot: Luhartwig
Date: April 15, 1969
Who will bother: Sikorsky S-97 Raider in a special configuration
The speed record of the classic helicopter, Westland Lynx, is held since 1986 and is 400.87 km / h.
But there is a way to deceive the nature of the rolling machine: to attach it to her pushing / pulling screw or jet engine so that the main rotor creates only lifting power. Actually, Bell 533 and was the first prototype helicopter with a jet "pusher". And if the pushing screw is promising, Sikorsky S-97 Raider will be replaced by a turbine in experienced purposes, it will completely be able to overlap the Bell record.
AIRPLANE:
3529.6 km / h
Vehicle: Strategic Scout Lockheed SR-71 BlackBird
Power unit: 2 PRATT & WHITNEY J58 Air Jet Engine
Pilot: Eldon Just
Date: 28 July 1976
Who will beat: Most likely, no one is not necessary for anyone
The famous Strategic Supersonic Force Scout Lockheed SR-71 BlackBird has not been a special record plane. Just in the 1960s, at the height of the Cold War, the task was to develop an aircraft, which, at the expense of high speed and high height, could leav from observation, and from the Soviet Air Force attack.
In particular, in the USSR, at about the same time, MiG-25 was developed. One way or another, BlackBird turned out to be very unusual - his design seems futuristic and to this day, although he made the first flight on December 22, 1964. And in the 1976th test pilot, Eldon Just set an absolute record speed record for aircraft, and at the same time an absolute record of height for planned flight (without the help of a record "candle"), 26,929 m. SR-71 also belongs to a few more high-speed records in different disciplines. Interestingly, in the 1980s, Brian Shul said that during the Libyan operation of 1986, he reached at SR-71 even greater speed, but the instruments of this were not confirmed.
Sail Speed \u200b\u200bRecords and Rails
Absolute record speed record:
511.121 km / h
Vehicle: SPIRIT OF AUSTRALIA
Power unit: Westinghouse j34 turbojet
Pilot: Ken Warbi
Date: October 8, 1978
Who will beat: theoretically, any madman. Practically nobody
In the XX century, the speed records on land and on the water were equal to prestigious and put them somewhat alone and the same people - Great Malcolm and Donald Campbell - .. I Lians (Henry Sigraiv, Gar Wood. It seemed that in 1967 a point in the records of records Whether Taylor put on the Hustler boat, but ten years later the Australian Ken Warbi appeared. He designed and built a plastic-wooden ultralight boat Spirit of Australia, which was installed by the Westinghouse J34 jet engine, bought on a flea market for $ 69. and put on this milance technique. two speed records - at first walking Taylor 6 km / h, and then adding another 50 km / h more 50 km / h. Warbi record is unique - no one today is decided to repeat his crazy "trick" with a boat that weighed less than the engine that brought Its in motion, and in the case of any accident, would turn into a handful of pros.
SAILING SHIP:
121.21 km / h
Vehicle: Catamaran Boat Vestas Sailrocket 2
Power unit: Sails
Pilot: Paul Larsen
Date: November 2012
Who will beat: Paul Larsen himself on the following catamaran generation
Surprisingly, the absolute record of the speed for a sailing vehicle has long belonged to the Surfers - first windsurphs, then kiteserphem (air serpent serves as a sail for them). Only for short time in 2009-2010, the achievement kept the French trimaran Hydroptere.
But in November 2012, Australian Paul Larsen finally returned the honor of "normal" sailboats. Specially designed to establish this high-tech record (carboan-titanium) and the insanely expensive catamaran Vestas Sailrocket 2 was not slammed by the "Vlomil" with sirhem, which could not be accelerated more than 103 km / h - and most likely they will no longer be able to have surfing Technical limit.
Normal rail vehicle:
603.0 km / h
Vehicle: Train on Magnetic Pillow Maglev L0 Series
Silence unit: linear electric motor
Pilot: a group of tests, including the head of the test center JR Tokai Yasukhadzuendo
Date: 21 April 2015
Who will beat: the next generation of Japanese Maglava or already Hyperloop
If you take a "normal" train, and not jet salads for military testing, then in this area the record has been installed quite recently. The result was the result shown in the test section of Yamanashi Maglev SCMAGLEV MLX01 (581 km / h), and here the next generation, Maglev L0 Series, turned out to be even faster, for the first time in history passenger trains Overcoming a bar of 600 km / h. The record composition consisted of a locomotive and six wagons. On board was 49 employees railway Jr Central, and maximum speed The train held for 10.8 s. Such tests are carried out to determine the technical limit of the Maglava system, as well as to understand how passengers feel. Real cruising speed L0 Series is 10 km less. By the way, if we talk about ordinary rail trains, then the record (574.8 km / h) has been holding a French SNCF TGV POS for nine years.
Rails:
1017 km / h
Vehicle: Sonic Wind No.1 Rocket Salads
Silence unit: rocket engine
Pilot: John Paul Stpep
Date: December 10, 1954
Who will beat: Hypeloop-more, it seems, there are no applicants
We are not about the locomotive, but about jet sled. It is them that owns a speed record for unmanned ground vehicles, 10,326 km / h. Sani with a jet engine, put on rails, are able to reach insane speeds. In the 1950s, the Americans conducted a number of tests related to the influence of super-speed per person. IA Chair, screwed to Salazzas, sat Colonel John Paul Stpep. During the tests, he began for a while the fastest man on earth (then even the planes did not fly so fast).
Unusual speed records
ON THE MOON:
18.0 km / h
Vehicle: Apollo 17 Lunar Roving Vehicle Planet
