The characteristics of the car are formed by technical regulations, which are monitored by the stewards of the International Motorsport Federation.
A Formula 1 car is a carbon-fiber monoblock with 4 wheels located outside the body, of which the rear 2 are driving, and the front ones are driven. The pilot is seated in a narrow cockpit at the front of the car and controls it using the steering wheel and the brake and gas pedals.
Although Formula 1 cars often exceed 300 km / h, according to the absolute speed Formula 1 cannot be considered the fastest auto racing series, since almost all engine parameters in it are significantly reduced (volume is limited, turbocharging is prohibited, etc.) ... Nevertheless, in terms of average speed on a circle from among the road-ring auto races (except for the so-called "ovals") Formula 1 has no equal. This is possible due to the highly efficient brake system and aerodynamics. Brake boosters and anti-lock braking are prohibited.
The power of the motors is 750-770 hp. Air pre-cooling systems are prohibited. In addition, do not feed anything other than air or fuel into the motor.
Starting from the 2009 season, Kinetic Energy Recovery (KERS) has been introduced in Formula 1 cars - a special device that allows the kinetic energy of the car to be accumulated in the braking areas, transferring it during acceleration. In this case, the specific principle of recovery is not prescribed in any way.
Tires are of great importance in Formula 1.
Unlike road cars, Formula 1 tires are not designed for durability (1 set is designed for no more than 200 kilometers), the main features are considered strength, low weight and traction. The key constituents of tires are rubber, nylon and polyester. In order to change the hardness of the rubber, the proportions of the parts added to it are adjusted: carbon, sulfur and oil.
The size of the front and rear tires has been constantly changing in the process of evolution of racing Formula, now the front and rear tires are different, the size of the front tires is limited in width from 305 to 355 mm, the rear from 365 to 380 mm. However, the total diameter cannot exceed 660 mm for dry tires and 670 mm for wet tires. The measurements are carried out at a tire pressure of 1.4 bar. In accordance with clause 12.7.1 of the Formula 1 Technical Regulations, tires can only be filled with air or nitrogen.
Acceleration from standstill to 100 km / h: 1.7 sec.
Acceleration from standstill to 200 km / h: 3.8 sec.
Acceleration from standstill to 300 km / h: 8.6 sec.
Maximum speed: about 340 km / h.
Braking from 100 km / h: 1.4 sec and 17 meters of distance.
Braking from 200 km / h: 2.9 seconds and 55 meters of distance.
Braking from 300 km / h: 4 sec.
Pilot overload when braking: about 5G.
Downforce equal to the weight of the car is achieved at a speed of about 180 km / h.
Maximum downforce (setting maximum) at 300 km / h: approx. 3000 kg.
Fuel consumption in competition mode: about 75 l / 100 km.
The cost of each kilometer traveled: about $ 500.
Main characteristic feature Formula 1 car is definitely considered to have downforce. It is she who allows you to take turns at speeds unattainable by any other sports car. There is one noteworthy moment: pilots just need to go through almost all turns at a very high speed so that the downforce can keep the car on the track, if you throw it off, you can fly off the track as the downforce will become small.
Formula 1 car is not the most fast car in the world. And herselfFormula 1 , - not the fastest racing series. There are such American series as , and Indycar, and there, the maximum speeds are significantly higher than inF1. Nevertheless, it is Formula 1 that is considered the Queen of Automotive Sports. And believe me— it is not without thoroughness!
In Formula 1 cars, such technologies are used, the use of even a small part of which does honor to the most expensive and thoroughbred supercars in the world. The maintenance of one, such a car, per year, takes at least 15 million dollars! This is the most expensive sport in the world. Think about it! - even on everyone's favorite football, much less money is spent than is poured into Formula 1. F1 is more expensive than Sailing or Equestrian sports. For the organization and development of these long-standing legendary races, sponsors spend more than 1 billion dollars a year.
A modern Formula 1 car, consists of more than 80,000 parts! 
Series carFormula 1arrives in the host country, not in one piece, but laid out in boxes! So, upon arrival at the pits, 10-15 super cool mechanics, within half a day, assemble this complex mechanism and prepare it for the race.
Just think about it! - the length of the cables laid inside the modern bolideF1, is equal to 1 km. And the cost of the car's electronicsF1 is 4 million$! Impressive? - do not rush to conclusions,— this is just the beginning).
- About Appearance:
Take a look at the photo of the Formula 1 Car, especially, pay attention to the aerodynamic elements of the CarFormula 1. 
You can imagine that already at 180 km per hour, the aerodynamic elements of a modern carF1, create a downforce equal to the mass of this machine? And at 300 km per hour, at maximum angles attack, front and rear wing, downforce is 3000kg!
Here, the downforce is so strong 
that some turns, you need to go through more high speed, because at a lower speed, when the downforce is not so strong, the car can simply fly off the track.
About 25%
downforce is provided by the front wing; a 35%
are the merit - of the rear. Each of these two aerodynamic elements costs more than 100 thousand$!
And for the season, you need 10 - 20 sets of wings! 
The carbon fiber monocoque, a Formula 1 racing car, weighs only 35kg! And he stands - one, 115 000 $. At the same time, the weight of a fueled Formula 1 car, with a pilot, is only 691kg!
One tire of such a car costs 800$ ; but for the season you need 720 such tires, and this is only for one car!
By the way, both front and rear, 13th, magnesium discs are installed here, costing 10,000$ — for every. Tires;— 245s in the front and 325s in the back.
The wheel nuts are aluminum here; one costs 110 dollars, 
and for the season, just for one car, you need 500 of them.
You can't see this from the photo, but brake disk here from carbon fiber. The brakes of such a machine work at temperatures up to 1000 degrees! One brake disc, caliper, and brake pads, cost 6,000$. For the season you need 180 brake discs, only for one car!
The suspension of these super cars is made of titanium and carbon fiber. The cost of the front and rear levers, is 200,000$ , and for a racing season, such levers for one car, you need 20 sets.
- About cockpit:
Both the steering wheel and the seat of such a car are created for a specific pilot. The steering wheel carries and dashboard, and controls. The cockpit seat, if necessary, can be removed together with the pilot,— this is very important, because in the event of an accident, the rider may simply lose consciousness.
It's hard to believe, but the camera alone, installed above the main air intake, costs 140,000$. And by the way,— it does not belong to the racing team, but to the administrationFormula One.
Formula 1 Car Specifications
Car speed Formula 1,basically defines it as just an unreal engine. 
With a volume of 2.4L, atmosphericV10Formula 1 car, produces 755hp power. With this, simply unrealistic tremendous power delivered at 19,500 rpm; maximum torque of 290N.M is achieved at 17,000 rpm. As you can see, against the background of such power, the thrust of the car engineFormula 1,not great at all.
Can you imagine an average piston speed of 22.5m per second? Machine engine piston itselfF1, weighs 220g; a full set of rings on it, weighs 9g; and the piston pin weighs 66g, and is designed for a load of 3133kg.
And what's more remarkable, this one, super resourcefulV10,very short stroke 
;
—
with a 98mm bore, the stroke is only 39.77mm!
Fuel is injected into the combustion chambers of such a machine at a pressure of 100 bar.
Machine engineF1, consists of 5,000 parts. The assembly of one such motor takes130 hours, and every 1000 km, the engine must be moved. The resource of such a super unit is 3,000 km; and the team is allowed to collect only 5 engines per season, for one car. And this despite the fact that the total length of all stages of the season is 8,000 km.
Up to 100 km per hour, such a car accelerates in 1.7s; for 3.8 s - up to 200 km; and in 8.6 seconds from a standstill - up to 300 km per hour.
No less than overclocking, the brakes are impressive too. Just imagine that from 100 km to 0, a carF1stops in just 1.4s, on a section of some 17m! From 200 to 0, such a unit decelerates in 2.9 s, on a section of 55 m; and for a full stop at 300 km per hour, you need only 4 seconds.
Agree - this data is impressive! With extreme braking, the pilot experiences an overload of 5g.
The maximum speed of the Formula 1 car is 340 km per hour.
The gearbox is robotic, seven-speed, in a carbon case. Such a gearbox clicks gears in 20-40 milliseconds, and costs 130,000$. By the way, it is designed for 6,000 km,— quite a lot, given the resource of other units.
And by the way, for a specific race, engineV10,equipped with various exhaust manifolds. This item has a direct effect on the power and elasticity of the engine.
- Outcomes:
After each race, each car undergoes a complete troubleshooting, and this is not just the team's desire to win, but the administration's demandF1.The stage is over, troubleshooting and disassembly of the racing beast is done,— back on the plane, and forward - to another corner of the world, because thisF1,and the show must go on.
20 best cars in Formula 1 history
Two dozen racing cars that have left a noticeable mark in the history of motorsport - in the ranking of the site.
Everyone loves Formula 1 for the sensational victories of brilliant racers on weak cars, but they only emphasize the primacy of technology. Two dozen race cars that have left a noticeable mark on racing history - from the iconic red Ferrari of the 50s to the unforgettable McLaren of the late 80s - a site with excellent archived photos in the ranking.
McLaren M23 (1973-1978: 16 wins)
Typically, a Formula 1 chassis lives for 1-2 seasons, after which it is replaced by newer, faster technology. However, the fate of the M23 is truly unique - it was played from 1973 to 1978, and best results came in the 1974 and 1976 seasons, when Emerson Fittipaldi and James Hunt won the World Championships. The main advantage of the wedge-shaped chassis was its variability, the ability to use it in various configurations. In addition, the car was very balanced and well tuned, so Hunt, who initially called the M23 uncontrollable, soon changed his mind. A total of 16 riders competed on the M23 - the last private driver to drive the car was an unknown young Brazilian Nelson Piquet ...
"Lotus" 78 (1977-1978: 7 wins)
Just as Adrian Newey is considered the best designer today, so in the 60s and 70s of the last century, Colin Chapman was a recognized technical guru in Formula 1. In the 1977 season, Chapman, along with Jeff Aldridge and Martin Ogilvy, created a car that forever changed the essence of motor racing. In the "car-wing" "Lotus" 78, the so-called "ground effect" was applied, which pressed the car to the roadway and thereby allowed it to take turns at unprecedented speeds. The revolutionary model was not very reliable at first, but after its refinement, as well as the appearance of the evolutionary model 79, Mario Andretti won the championship title without any problems. The invention of Chapman's team was so important that in 1979 a Formula 1 car without a "ground effect" was already considered bad manners.
Lotus 72 (1970-1975: 20 wins)
Per appearance modern Formula 1 cars, we can say thanks to the designers of Lotus Colin Chapman and Maurice Philippe. It was their creation with the 72A index (and its variations 72B, 72C, 72D, 72E and 72F) that influenced the development of car designs in auto racing. The Lotus chassis had a wedge-shaped shape, the air intake disappeared from the front (the engine was cooled through the air intakes on the sides of the cockpit), and this solution improved the downforce and reduced aerodynamic drag the car. Despite the fact that the car was very fast (as evidenced by two championship titles), like any other Lotus, it was far from always reliable. In training before the Italian Grand Prix, Jochen Rindt, who became the first world champion posthumously, died due to a brake shaft breakage.
"Lotus" 25 (1962-1967 years: 14 victories)
For the 1962 championship, Colin Chapman had designed a revolutionary monocoque chassis that differed from its predecessors in that it was stiffer, stronger and more compact (and therefore safer and faster). According to popular legend, Colin drew a sketch of the car on a napkin during lunch with the team's designer Mike Costin. The fact that one of the best racers of all time, Jim Clark, was behind the wheel of the car, already hints that Lotus has achieved great success with such a combination. Indeed, Clark lost the title to Graham Hill only due to the fact that in the decisive race in the car a bolt unscrewed, which caused an oil leak and a Scot's descent. However, in 1963, Jim bounced back in full, winning 7 out of 10 stages of the championship. But the story of the 25th did not end there - the car was shown in races until 1965, and in total won 14 victories.
Tyrrell 003 (1971-1972: 8 wins)
In 1970, owner of the team of the same name, Ken Tyrrell, became disillusioned with the chassis he was buying from March, and therefore hired designer Derek Gardner to create new car... The first car of the English engineer turned out to be very fast, but the evolution of the car, which received the 003 index, achieved even greater success. In the process of creating this perfectly balanced car, revolutionary ideas were not used, but this fact did not prevent Jackie Stewart from winning seven victories in the 1971 season and becoming ahead of schedule world champion. It is worth noting that under the terms of an exclusive contract, 003 could only be piloted by the Scottish champion, while his partner François Sever used a different chassis.
Ferrari 500 (1952-1957: 14 wins)
Super successful car built by Aurelio Lampredi in the early 50s. Her debut took place at the Swiss Grand Prix in 1952, and the victorious march on the tracks continued until the end of 1953 (although privateers chased it even in 1957!). The main components of success were best motor and… no competitors. Alfa Romeo left, and the closest rivals were Maserati and Gordini. Moreover, up to 7-8 participants (almost a third of the peloton) went to the start of some races on the 500th - to understand the picture of those years, one can imagine that today four top teams will use the Adrian Newey RB7 car. However, in those years, the reliability was much worse, so that 9 victories in a row Alberto Askari - by the way, a record that has not been broken so far - inspires respect not only for the driver, but also for his technique.
McLaren MP4 / 13 (1998: 9 wins)
Adrian Newey's car was so good that it shocked rivals during the pre-season tests. The FIA \u200b\u200bcame to its senses a little later, as did the rivals from Ferrari, who started chasing Mika Hakkinen, but nobody managed to stop the Finn.
Williams FW11 / FW11B (1986-1987: 18 wins)
Visually, this car did not stand out much in the peloton, but its main weapon was the Japanese supermotor Honda, which was not only powerful, but also economical. In 1986, fatal for the team founder (before the start of the season, Frank Williams was in a car accident, as a result of which he was confined to a wheelchair for life), Nigel Mansell and Nelson Piquet won 9 victories for two, and yet missed the title in the last race. However, having received a slightly modified version of the FW11B in 1987, the Englishman and the Brazilian again won 9 races and were out of reach for their rivals, playing the title between themselves. It is noteworthy that the 1987 model first appeared smart device, which was later called "active suspension" and which in a few years led the team to new successes.
Vanwall VW5 (1957-1958: 9 wins)
In the 50s, in the Grand Prix races, the leading positions were mainly occupied by the Italian teams - Alfa Romeo, Maserati, Ferrari. The German Mercedes came in in the middle of the decade, won, and then left, but the British brands could not boast of success. The entrepreneur Tony Vanderwell undertook to correct the situation, who first raised the team's skills on purchased Ferrari cars, and then, with the help of designer Frank Kostin, began to produce his own racing cars. The first success came to the English stable in 1957 - for the first time in several decades a green car finished first in the Grand Prix race, and in 1958 pilots Stirling Moss and Tony Brooks won six out of nine possible victories. The world champion, however, was Mike Hawthorne from Ferrari, but Vanwall won the first ever constructors' Cup in Formula 1 history. This success, however, was the last for Vanderwell, as he soon left the race due to deteriorating health and closed the team.
Williams FW14B (1992: 10 wins)
1992 saw the flourishing of racing electronics in Formula 1, but best of all ABS, traction control, active suspension and other systems operated on Williams' FW14B car. In addition, the best aerodynamic car in the championship was powered by a Renault 10-cylinder engine, which displaced the Honda unit from the engine throne, so Nigel Mansell had truly amazing technology in his hands. It is not surprising that the Englishman, who sometimes brought his opponents a few seconds in qualifications, easily won the championship.
Red Bull RB6 (2011: 9 wins) RB7 (2012: 12 wins), RB9 (2013: 13 wins)
When in 2009 in Formula 1 was replaced technical regulations, few people could have imagined that the humble stable of Milton Keynes would become the dominant force in the peloton. It took the “red bulls” six months to get going, and then the machines, created by a group of engineers led by Adrian Newey, began to smash rivals. Main feature cars with the RB index became high downforce, which was achieved due to the carefully designed aerodynamics of the car and non-standard solutions, such as a "blown diffuser".
The result was four championship titles by Sebastian Vettel, several dozen first places in the Grand Prix, a record winning streak in the second half of the 2013 season and another change of regulations in the world championship.
Mercedes W196 / W196s (1954-1955: 9 wins)
In 1952, Mercedes-Benz, after a long pause (caused by the war), again decided to return to Grand Prix racing. However, the Germans wanted to become not just a participant in the championship, but a winner, and in order to achieve this goal, the management set an ambitious goal for the designers - to build the best racing car. It takes a lot of time to describe the unique advantages of the W196, so let's note the main thing: when creating the car, engineers applied almost all the innovations of that time. Desmodromic valve train, direct fuel injection, engine tilted 20 degrees (allowing for a flatter body), efficient (and secret) fuel mixtureand the streamlined chassis design made the Mercedes' technical package the best in auto racing. As a result, the team won 9 of 12 races in two years, and Juan Manuel Fangio won two titles.
Mercedes F1 W05 (2014: 9th victorye)
Another change of regulations and the return of turbo engines led to a new change of leader - the post of the best F1 team in 2014 was taken by Mercedes. The advantage of Lewis Hamilton and Nico Rosberg over the rivals turned out to be so impressive that after the first races of the championship there was talk about the victories of the Brackley stable in all the Grand Prix of the season. However, after 12 stages, the winning percentage of the F1 W05 car dropped to 75, and this is due to the fact that the management of "Mercedes" allowed the fight between its pilots. Potentially Hamilton and Rosberg are able to win all 7 of the remaining Grand Prix, but how likely is this, given the increasing conflict between the two talented athletes?
Williams FW18 (1996: 12 wins)
While Michael Schumacher was trying to revive the Ferrari team, and Benetton Flavio Briatore, on the other hand, began to descend from the motor racing Olympus, Adrian Newey and Patrick Head continued to develop the ideas behind the very good 1995 Williams car. As a result, the FW18 was born - as reliable as a tank, and as fast as a rocket. Difficulties of opponents and, on the contrary, stability at Williams, led to the fact that of the 16 races of the 1996 season, Damon Hill and Jacques Villeneuve won 12.
McLaren MP4 / 2 (1984: 12 wins)
The first of the McLaren championship cars driven by Ron Dennis. Visually, it was similar to its predecessor - MP4 / 1, but different in everything else. First, the MP4 / 2 was lighter and also more aerodynamically efficient. Secondly, the car was equipped with a 6-cylinder TAG Porsche engine, which became one of the best in the championship. Finally, John Barnard introduced revolutionary carbon brakes to the car that helped reduce braking distances cars by 40 percent. MP4 / 2 was so a good car, which was used in different variations after the 1984 championship season. In total, MP4 / 2, MP4 / 2B and MP4 / 2C have won 22 races and three world championships.
Ferrari F2002 (2002: 15 wins), F2004 (2004: 15 wins)
It so happened that in 2004 Ferrari's rivals withdrew. “Williams” got carried away with experiments with aerodynamics, creating a car with “walrus tusks”, which was difficult to set up and control, and “McLaren” rolled out on the track the MP4-19 model - outdated even before the start of the championship. Scuderia, on the other hand, preferred the conservative path of development of a model she was familiar with, whose life began in the early 2000s. In addition, Ferrari had at its disposal Bridgestone tires “made to order”, as well as the ability to increase the mileage on its own test track almost all year round. From the next year everything changed, but in 2004, Ferrari and Michael Schumacher were out of reach for their rivals.
As for the F2002, from a purely statistical point of view, it was inferior to the 2004 model (this car won 14 races in 2002 and one in 2003), but it was still incredibly fast on the track.
McLaren MP4 / 4 (1988: 15 wins)
In 1988, McLaren had all the best in Formula 1 that you can imagine: the best turbo engine of the championship - Honda, the best pair of drivers - Alain Prost and Ayrton Senna, and one of the best constructors - Gordon Murray. The MP4 / 4, built by a talented engineer, was a fast, solid and reliable car, the only weakness of which was an imperfect transmission. However, it did not stop the two ingenious pilots from winning 15 out of 16 races of the season.
Photo:Fotobank.ru/Getty Images / Tony Duffy / Michael King / Paul Gilham / Mike Cooper / Mike Powell / Clive Rose / Hulton Archive
Unfortunately, the team hasn't played for several years. But still, Honda hopes that she will return to this area. So Honda managed to create the fastest in the world.
Recall that the Honda team retired before the start of the 2009 season, despite the fact that the team had previously won prizes in the championship. But their cars have not left the race. So the team, having slightly modernized their car, won the Grand Prix more than once.
When creating a new car, the team's goal was to conquer the speed of 400 km / h. The biggest challenge faced by the developers was the downforce needed to achieve that speed in a lightweight car.
The 2005 car was taken as a basis. All systems were modernized. Also, the most difficult thing was to adjust the work of the sports car in such a way that the 600 kg car could confidently cope with 900 hp.
This is what this car looks like in the end:
And the Honda company managed to conquer the speed of 400 km / h. And more than once. Several races were needed to officially record the record speed measurements. So during the races, the average speed was 397.360 km / h.
Never before in the world has one reached such a speed.
How difficult modern car, we think relatively rarely - primarily due to the magic phrase "replacement assembly". Therefore, in the process of dismantling a generator that has served its purpose or installing a new turbine, the car owner does not always realize that each of these units or assemblies itself is a complex structure of several dozen or even several hundred separate parts. And an attempt to single-handedly count the number of parts that are used to assemble a single car is initially doomed to failure - and the process of counting metal, plastic and other elements seems no less, and even more tedious than the process of disassembling a car into the smallest and simplest components.
This is how the General Motors LS9 engine looks in a semi-disassembled state.
You can often come across information that a modern car consists of a couple of thousand elements - depending on the type of car and its complexity, the number of parts can fluctuate between 1,700 and 2,200 in fact each of piston rings is a separate part. Thus, in reality, these details are much more. The car body on the conveyor looks like a single piece, but initially it is assembled from several dozen (from 50 to 100 elements), to connect which robots or human workers perform welding at about 5,000 points. And the engine, which itself is a combination of a dozen complex units, consists of more than 5,000 parts.
Accurate calculations were made relatively recently by experts toyota - they claim that the car japanese brand is a combination of approximately 30,000 parts. These calculations also demonstrate how complex the key components of a vehicle are that drive it.
Lately, "dismemberment" is in vogue racing cars - and sometimes we are talking about real installations, for the creation of which specialists in contemporary art are involved. For example, a Dutch artist was allowed to disassemble into 3,200 parts a Mercedes MGP W01, one of the cars in which Michael Schumacher performed.
Some time ago, Toyota had its own team in Formula 1 - and the racing cars built by this team, as you might guess, did without many elements that became almost mandatory for civilian cars. Formula 1 cars do not need any multimedia system with a head unit and a lot of speakers, no air conditioner with its own pump, no seat adjustment mechanisms ... Nevertheless, about 25,000 elements are used in the production of the car. It remains only to wonder how engineers and designers have the ability not only to combine this set into a single organism, but also to make it work for many years.
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