Car maintenance regulations. Types and frequency of maintenance

What is the difference between TO 1 and TO 2?

Here, as with human health - it is better to carry out prevention than to be treated later. The same is with the car - by regularly carrying out maintenance you can avoid many problems. All, of course, will not work, but many malfunctions can be prevented at an early (read - less expensive) stage. With regular inspection of the car, nodes and parts with an early stage of defect will be visible in time.

During maintenance, such works are carried out as:

Lubricants

Adjusting

Control and diagnostic

Fasteners

Electrotechnical

The same TO itself can be:

EO (daily maintenance)

TO-1 (maintenance-1)

TO-2 (maintenance-2)

CO (seasonal service)

Daily maintenance.

Quite a simple, but necessary duty of every self-respecting driver. It is not superfluous to carry out daily maintenance before each departure of the car. It's simple, check the following:

Serviceability of light signaling

Tire pressure

Engine oil level

Brake and coolant level

And although in modern cars for the driver, almost everything, these operations are carried out by the control unit before starting, and in the event of a malfunction of one of the nodes, it lights up the corresponding indication on the instrument panel, yet at least once a week it is worth conducting an independent, visual inspection of the car. Of course, do not forget that the car must be kept clean.

TO-1 is carried out approximately every 10,000 km of the vehicle's run. More precise terms can be specified in the technical documentation for your car issued by the manufacturer. But still we do not recommend delaying the timing of this MOT. And then, this is the rule for "moderate" vehicle operation. With constant overloads, aggressive driving, operation in severe weather conditions, it is better to shorten the interval for this maintenance, in view of the accelerated wear of parts and mechanisms.

What is included in TO-1:

The whole list of work carried out during daily maintenance.

Checking the reliability of the fastenings of the steering, wheels, brakes and other systems

Checking the tension of the alternator belt and other mounted units

Mandatory oil change and oil filter.

TO-2 is recommended to be carried out every 20,000 km of run, but at least once a year. TO-2 includes complete list works included in TO-1, in addition, a thorough diagnostics of all units of the chassis of the car, steering, brake system... If necessary, the valve clearances can be adjusted if it is specified in service book the manufacturer of your car.

Seasonal service.

It is not difficult to guess from the name that seasonal car maintenance is something other than preparing a car for a change of season.

If winters are sparing in the middle zone of our Motherland, then the above-mentioned service is carried out in conjunction with TO-1 or, TO-2. As a rule, seasonal survey does not cause much trouble. In such regions may include:

Change of tires to seasonal

Replacing the wiper fluid

Anti-corrosion treatment body (if necessary)

Residents of regions with harsh winters are added (to the above list of works) a change of engine oil, since the usual "all seasonal oil" becomes very thick during severe frosts and makes it difficult for the engine to work in such difficult conditions.

When to carry out maintenance?

Each maintenance should be carried out in accordance with its own regulations. It will not be superfluous to carry out daily maintenance before each departure from the garage box, seasonal maintenance is carried out twice a year, and the timing of maintenance-1 and maintenance-2 will be indicated by the manufacturer.

Every car owner and potential buyer more than once in my life I thought about which car (company and model) is really of high quality and will live long life... It is impossible to get an unequivocal answer to this question, but it can be said that any equipment is capable of operating smoothly for a long period of time if scheduled maintenance is not skipped and left for later. You should never forget this. The main task of maintenance is to keep the machine in good working order. It includes small, complex work of checking parts, finding faults and fixing them immediately. And also special attention is paid to the appearance.

Many owners barely distinguish between repair and maintenance. It is necessary to clarify once again that the latter is a preventive measure, a way to prevent many "diseases" of the car.

Types of preventive measures

So, maintenance is carried out in several ways:

forced;
according to plan;
after reaching a certain mileage;
at will or need, regardless of technical condition car.

There are certain types of maintenance that are documented:

EO. These alphabetic symbols indicate that the vehicle is checked every day.
TO-1 and TO-2. Has a simple explanation of the abbreviation - maintenance # 1 and # 2.
CO. It's about checking every season.

All of them differ in a different set of tasks, goals and solutions, as well as their different frequency of maintenance. The latter criterion depends on the make of the car, its model, as well as the time of general operation. More often, prophylaxis should be carried out if the car drives off-road, is actively used in the winter period and in the summer, when the air temperature is too high. TO-1 and TO-2 are produced, as a rule, after reaching a certain mileage. At the beginning of the inspection, it is also taken into account the conditions in which the car moved: climate, relief and other determining factors.

Daily maintenance

EO is carried out every day after long trip... The main task of the repairmen is to bring appearance machines in proper condition, internal parts in correct condition, in checking the tank and filling it with gasoline, adding oil, water and air. Tires are also subject to inspection and replacement if necessary. Although you can do this yourself, you still need to observe the maintenance intervals.

Main tasks of daily maintenance:

maintaining and improving the appearance of the car;
control of the filling of the tank and its refueling;
regulation of oil, which is necessary for engine operation;
checking the brake system and cooling system of the unit;
control of fluid in washers.

The cost of daily maintenance sometimes reaches high numbers, so not everyone wants to bring their "swallow" to the station every day. This is quite logical, and you can understand such a driver. However, at least once or twice every two weeks, the car should be taken for preventive measures.

First maintenance

TO-1 includes a complex of all operations that are included in the daily routine inspection. At the same time, an additional amount of various lubrication, fastening and other maintenance work of this type is performed. However, the removal of various devices - the unit or other important mechanisms - is not planned. The car is not examined in more detail.

Second maintenance

Of course, TO-2 includes all work performed during the first service. Additionally, a "deep" inspection is performed, in which more parts are examined separately and replaced if necessary.

Seasonal inspections

Maintenance equipment is carried out at stations during the transition to winter and summer period... In a stable and comfortable climate (for example, in central Russia), no problems arise when inspecting and replacing the necessary elements. The most important jobs in seasonal inspections are changing the washer fluid and changing tires. Also, there are cases when the body is treated against corrosion.

In regions where the climate is merciless, at the service station, workers carry out an engine oil change depending on the coming season. An ordinary liquid, which is supposedly intended for any time of the year, due to constant temperature fluctuations environment changes its consistency. For example, due to severe frosts it becomes like thick honey. Subsequently, it will be difficult (or impossible) to start the car. In the summer, you should use just such an oil, since the winter loses all its properties and becomes useless.

Maintenance work

When repairs and maintenance are carried out, any machine is diagnosed, after which the following work is performed:

checking fasteners of parts and elements;
checking the filling of the tank;
diagnostics of electrical wiring and compliance of the paper circuit with a real one;
control check of the vehicle's performance and complete final diagnostics;
adjustment work;
lubrication work.

What should you pay attention to before traveling?

When leaving the garage, the driver must be confident in the operability of each vehicle system. That is why you should pay attention to the following nuances that will help maintain a special frequency of maintenance:

body and full set car;
the correct location of the side mirrors and their presence;
license plates and their readability (it is important that they are not stained with dirt);
the presence of locks on the doors, trunk and hood and their stable operation;
complete serviceability of all electrical systems (wipers, headlights, etc.);
availability of all necessary fluids;
tightness of systems;
normal steering wheel performance;
correct operation of measuring instruments.

Tires

The first step is to monitor the tire pressure. Not only the long operating period of the wheels depends on this, but also the safety of the driver.

Consider the following factors to help you identify problems.

The maintenance system includes checking for wear on both side and center protectors. Overpressure in the tires can be the cause of this problem. It should be adjusted to get rid of unnecessary problems and rapid wear.
Simultaneous wear on both sides. This is facilitated by sharp and constant cornering. Improper tire pressures make the problem worse.
Wear on one side only. You need to pay attention to the camber.

Electrical systems

The most common problems are with the battery. If you check it every day, then it is quite easy to avoid the problem:

Operation and maintenance includes accurate battery testing. If you do this manually, then you should definitely familiarize yourself with the safety precautions.
Keep the device in constant cleanliness, free of blockages and debris.
In winter, be sure to lubricate the battery with special grease.
Pay particular attention to the tray. If corrosion appears, then it must be removed with a saline solution. When the metal succumbs to destruction, it is best to treat the surface with a liquid with zinc, and then paint it.
The battery charge level should be checked every three months.

Thanks to these tips, the car, like a clock, will start in any frost.

Brake system

Whatever the frequency of maintenance, the brake system should be checked for leaks constantly, and the more often the better. After all, few people want to know about a malfunction during driving, when the car simply refuses to respond to the driver's desire to stop. When checking, remember that the liquid is dangerous and can easily harm your eyes.

When pouring a new solution, it should be borne in mind that it should not stand open for a long time in the air. Otherwise, the latter will get into the liquid, and it will be difficult to brake.

Engine

Of course, the engine is an important component of any car. It should be checked as often as the brake system. Any type of maintenance has an inspection of the unit in its list of tasks.

You need to pay attention to the cleanliness of the engine as a whole.
One should not forget about liquids, which must be constantly topped up and monitor their condition.
On drive belts you must definitely pay special attention.
The ignition system should not be bypassed either. And it is best to even replace the candles, which will soon end their operational period.
The air filter should also be checked and replaced if necessary.
Replacement and maintenance fuel filter - this is also included in the list of tasks at the service station during a routine check. Pay particular attention to leakage. It should not be, which, in principle, is quite logical and understandable to every driver.

It is better with the engine, if the driver is poorly versed in the car system, not to work independently. Station maintenance tools allow monitoring and parts replacement in half the time.

Engine oil

Before checking engine oil, the vehicle must be installed correctly. The process should be started either before turning on the engine or five minutes after turning it off. When buying oil, you should pay attention to whether it is suitable for the installed type of unit. After all, modern technology is too demanding and capricious in such matters. If the driver noticed that he constantly has to change the oil (too often), then you need to look for the leak. Sometimes it happens that the latter was not found. In this case, it takes place to talk about the wear of the pistons in the engine. Regular maintenance intervals will help you spot any existing problems. But some models by themselves too often require an oil change. You should consult with a workshop worker or read the instructions. It is recommended to keep the oil level constantly at a medium level. If there is too little fluid, then there is a possibility of ruining the oil seal.

Coolant level

Until the engine has cooled completely, do not open the radiator grille and reservoir. Hot steam and liquid can damage body parts of the driver or workshop worker. Add the substance through the tank. Do not leave the canister open unattended, as it is dangerous for the environment (contains poison).

Power steering fluid

Park the vehicle on level ground to check the condition of the power steering fluid. Before shutting down the unit, you need to idle speed turn the steering wheel to the extreme position and put the wheel system in the direction straight motion... In order to check the fluid and obtain correct and accurate results, the steering wheel must be locked in a certain position and the engine must be warmed up to average operating temperature.

Why is it so important to visit a service station?

The machine is constantly exposed to dust, sunlight and vibrations. This applies to any cars, even if drivers try to drive only on smooth roads... Those machines that stand idle for a long time without operation deteriorate much faster in comparison with frequently used ones. Of course, the main parts will not wear out, but the rubber elements will age over time and will have to be replaced. Therefore, if a car with a range of 3 thousand km has stood in the garage for a long time, it must first be taken to the station in order to carry out maintenance. The workshop has enough equipment, and the employees will carry out the work in a short time.

As a rule, once a year for a motorist there comes a time when he needs to seriously attend to the technical condition of his vehicle. In addition, until recently, the requirements of the traffic police to pass technical inspection were very specific and demanded drastic measures. Well, in general, MOT (technical inspection) is a very important procedure, since it allows you to understand the state of your car, and therefore, the safety, and sometimes the life of the driver and passengers depends on it.

What is included in TO 1

Should be divided different types passing those. inspection. There are only three types - TO-1, TO-2 and CO (seasonal vehicle inspection). Let's start with the first one. The purpose of TO-1 is to prevent accidental failures in the operation of all vehicle mechanisms until the next check. These include:

control and diagnostic work of all driving devices of the car;
checking all fasteners of the car body;
lubrication and adjustment work.

Most motorists are advised to undergo TO-1 precisely in maintenance services. The fact is that a visual analysis of a non-professional (and a professional too) will not protect the owner from possible hidden problems. At the maintenance station, you will be provided with special devices that will most likely reveal a dangerous breakdown. The benefits are actually there. The sooner you notice a malfunction and repair one of the car's components, the less funds you will spend on it in the future.

What is included in TO 2

TO-2 is a deeper inspection of the car. As a rule, with TO-2, TO-1 is also carried out completely. The fundamental difference between these two processes is that during TO-2, auto-masters perform adjustment, tuning, analysis or repair of vehicle components with their complete or partial disassembly. This does not happen with TO-1. The complexity of these works is really high, so only car service technicians can cope with the task. However, it is no secret that many motorists are trying to self-configuration and disassembly of vehicle units, which sometimes leads to serious consequences. After all, it is necessary not only to properly disassemble and repair the unit, but also to put the part in that place as it stood there. Well, one more point in favor of putting the car in for maintenance is the special equipment with which car repairs are carried out. It is unlikely that you have half of those in your garage. useful toolsthat are essential for the efficient maintenance of your vehicle.

What is CO?

We figured out what is included in the maintenance of the car. Now let's talk about seasonal service (CO). In fact, CO means the very "re-shoe" of the car for winter or summer tires... However, this is not limited to CO. Some services offer additional servicessuch as anti-corrosion coating of the car body and so on. As a rule, SB is carried out in conjunction with TO-2, which facilitates the task of passing, saves you money and time.

And finally, I would like to highlight such an important topic as the rules for passing any MOT. It is known that the traffic police demands the driver to comply with the maintenance regulations, but they do not specify what exactly it is. What is the reason? And the reason is that each car and each specific model has its own specific regulations. And this is done by the manufacturer of your steel horse. You can find the description necessary procedures within the framework of TO-1 and TO-2 in the vehicle operating instructions. In addition, it lists all the characteristics of various vehicle components and their approximate "exposure" by the number of kilometers traveled. The list of necessary procedures should also be described in the book.

What is included in the maintenance of the vehicle you are driving? It is best to find out about this in a car service. Anyway, the most right choice when deciding on passing the next check - this is working with a car service. The car service staff will offer you not only full check machines, but also indicate possible future breakdowns.

The passenger car of our time is reliable, fast and comfortable. But to ensure all these properties, during the entire service life of the car, it is required to keep it in the appropriate technical condition. For this, an appropriate technical service is carried out, which makes it possible to identify the presence of defects in time and remove them. Compliance with this common rule will extend the life of your car, lower your fuel costs, ultimately save you money and give you the pleasure of driving without knocking, squeaking or making noise.

Types of maintenance

It is customary to distinguish between several main types of vehicle maintenance. These include: TO-1 (1st technical service of a new car) and TO-2, as well as daily and seasonal service.

1st maintenance

Operations for the first maintenance are usually carried out in the range from 1500 to 5000 km of run, depending on the operating standards of a certain vehicle established by the manufacturer. By this time, the car goes through the so-called running-in, all the main parts are rubbed in, factory imperfections are revealed. The main task of TO-1 is to prevent probable breakdownscapable of disabling the vehicle, or increasing fuel consumption and all lubricants... TO-1, like other types of maintenance, is, in fact, preventive in nature, which differs from car repair.

Main works

The main work carried out during the first maintenance includes control and diagnostic, lubrication, adjustment and fastening operations, also those that relate to daily maintenance. Below is an indicative list necessary work at TO-1:

Performing work related to daily maintenance.
Monitoring the performance of the main vehicle systems.
Checking and adjusting, if necessary, freewheel clutch pedals.
Checking the free play of the control wheel, the presence of gaps in the joints of the control rods and pivot connections.
Checking ball pins and cotter pins of their nuts, fastening of the lever steering knuckle, rudder bipod, ball bearings to the axle shafts, tightening the nuts for securing the tips and eliminating, based on the results of the check, the defects found.
Checking the size of the working and free travels of the brake pedal and, if necessary, adjusting the brake and its drive.
Checking the fastening of the exhaust pipe of the muffler and its suspension.
Checking the fastening of the wheels, the condition of the tires and the air pressure in them, as needed, pumping air.
Checking the fastening of the driving flanges of the hubs and flanges of the axle shafts.
Checking the fastening of the box control drives, transfer case and,
as needed, tightening of threaded connections.
Cleaning battery from the dirt.
Engine oil change.
Control and, as required, topping up technical fluids.

Diagnostic method

When carrying out the first maintenance, the main method of diagnostics is used, so the foremen can find and remove faults in time. The diagnostic process is based on a number of control, measurement, and adjustment operations. To identify severe problems, the 1st visual examination is not enough, therefore, special diagnostic tools are used. This means that the technical service itself should take place at specialized service stations, where the necessary equipment is available and experienced car mechanics work.

Financial component

Undoubtedly, TO-1 asks for certain monetary costs, determined depending on the brand of the car, the price list for a certain 100 and other events. Moreover, it takes personal time, asks for a search required documents, we are talking about a service book, in which you will be stamped with the date of maintenance. On the other hand, an unreplaced part, an undetected malfunction, can lead to severe breakdown and costly repairs. Well, if you put the listed inconveniences and safety on the scales, which is not guaranteed when driving, there may be a faulty vehicle, then the choice becomes really obvious.

The main goal of the first maintenance (TO-1) is to prevent accidental breakdowns that can disable vehicle, increase the consumption of fuel and lubricants, or increase the level of environmental pollution. Maintenance operations No. 1 (TO-1) are carried out every 1500, 3000 and 5000 km, but at least twice a year.

In this case, the following types of work are performed:

1. Washing and cleaning work: cleaning the interior, washing and drying the car.

2.Control and diagnostic work:

Checking the action of the service brake system for simultaneous operation and braking efficiency;

Parking brake system actions;

Brake drive;

Free play of the steering wheel and clearance in the joints of the steering drive;

Condition of tires and air pressure in them;

Lighting and signaling devices.

3. inspection work:

Body inspection and check;

Inspection and inspection of glasses;

Inspection and verification of license plates;

Inspection and inspection of seat upholstery;

The action of door mechanisms;

The action of the wipers;

Action of rear-view mirrors;

Checking the tightness of the lubrication system connections;

Checking the tightness of the cooling system connections;

Checking the tightness of the connections hydraulic drive;

Checking the clutch release;

Checking rubber protective covers hinges;

Checking the steering rod;

Checking the amount of free travel of the clutch and brake pedals;

Checking the fan belt tension;

Level check brake fluid in the feed tanks of the main brake cylinder t clutch engagement drive;

Checking the springs and arm in the front suspension;

Checking the rods and anti-roll bar struts.

In addition to these works, during maintenance No. 1 (TO-1), the following types of work are performed:

They clean from dirt and check the devices of the power system and the tightness of their connections;

Check the action of the drive, the completeness of closing and opening the throttle and air dampers;

Regulate the operation of the carburetor at low speed crankshaft engine.

Maintenance No. 2 (TO-2).

The second maintenance (TO-2), in fact, pursues the same goals as daily maintenance (EO) or maintenance # 1 (TO-1). Maintenance operations No. 2 (TO-2) are recommended to be carried out at least once a year. The main difference lies in the complexity and scope of work. Fastening, lubrication, diagnostic and adjustment work, in this case, is carried out with the removal of some parts. Before performing TO-2 or in the process of it, it is necessary to carry out in-depth diagnostics of all the main units, assemblies and systems of the vehicle to establish their technical condition, determining the nature of the malfunctions, their causes, the possibility of operating this unit, unit or system. Inspection and maintenance component parts produced using special equipment.

Diagnostics of D-1 and D-2.

One of the elements technological process MOT and repair is a diagnostics that serves to determine the technical condition of vehicles, their units and assemblies without disassembly. A specific feature that distinguishes diagnostics from the usual determination of a technical condition is not an increase in the accuracy of its assessment, but the identification of hidden faults without disassembling the car. Currently, there are two options for performing diagnostic work: together with maintenance and repair or at specialized posts and diagnostic lines.

Diagnostics D-1 is used to check components and mechanisms that ensure traffic safety. This type of diagnosis is performed before TO-1. It is justified to carry out control and diagnostic work before TO-2 in the zone or at the diagnostic post in order to regulate the technological process and isolate from the mass of cars entering TO-2 those that have a significant volume technical works high labor intensity. This type of diagnostics is called in-depth diagnostics D-2, performed at the checkpoint using a stand for testing the traction qualities of vehicles. During the examination, problematic units and assemblies of the car are revealed.

3.3.2. A detailed list of routine maintenance during the maintenance of the VAZ-2107 car.

A detailed list of regulated work during the maintenance of the VAZ-2107 car:

Tightening the bearing housing bolts camshaft;

Tightening of bolts and nuts for fastening engine components and assemblies;

Adjusting the timing chain;

Cleaning the carburetor filter and fuel pump;

Flushing and purging carburetor parts, adjusting the fuel level in the float chamber;

Cleaning and flushing the crankcase ventilation hose and flame arrester;

Replacing the filter element air filter;

Replacing the fuel filter;

Adjusting the gaps between the levers and cams of the camshaft;

Adjustment idle move with control of toxicity of exhaust gases;

Flushing the engine lubrication system;

Replacing the oil filter and oil in the engine crankcase;

Replacing the coolant;

Replacing spark plugs;

Replacement of the oxygen concentration sensor;

Changing the oil in the gearbox and rear axle;

Splined joint lubrication cardan shaft from the side elastic coupling;

Replacement working fluid in the clutch hydraulic drive;

Tightening of fasteners of components and assemblies;

Replacing the lubricant and adjusting the clearance in the bearings of the front wheel hubs;

Front wheel alignment;

Checking the condition of tires;

Condition of brake hoses, pipes and connections;

Checking the pads brake mechanisms front wheels;

Checking the brake pads rear wheels;

Replacing the brake fluid in the hydraulic brake system;

Checking the performance of the brake pressure regulator;

Cleaning and lubricating the leads and terminals of the battery wires;

Lubrication of the ignition distributor;

Adjusting the direction of the headlights;

Stripping the starter manifold. Checking for wear and adjoining brushes;

Cleaning the generator slip rings, checking the wear and fit of the brushes;

Lubrication of rubbing body parts;

Cleaning the body drain holes;

Lubrication of the bonnet lock cable.

3.3.2.1. Tightening the camshaft bearing housing bolts of the 2106 engine.

The order of tightening the nuts for the bearing housing of the camshaft engine mod. 2106 (figure 2)

Fig. 2 Tightening of the camshaft bearing housing bolts of the engine mod. 2106.

The preliminary tightening torque of bolts 1–10 should be 34–42 Nm (3.4–4.2 kgf · m), and the final torque should be 98–121 Nm (9.8–12.1 kgf · m), bolt 11–32 - 40 N · m (3.2–4.0 kgf · m).
The final tightening torque of the camshaft bearing housing nuts is 19–23 N · m (1.9–2.3 kgf · m).