Comfortable vehicles with young children on vacation. Sweden on a trip - most convenient ways of movement

In fact, the content of this section of the rules more corresponds to this name:

Location of vehicles on road .

Why? Yes, because we are not only about when and to whom the movement is allowed on a particular band of the roadway, but also about when and to whom it is allowed (or not permitted) movement and on other elements of the road - by the dividing strip, tramways, in sidewalks and by roadbrains.

In the first topic of the present tutorial, we figured out in detail the fact that such a dividing strip and what tram paths are. It is time to get acquainted with the sidewalk and sidewalk, as well as talk about what driving part is and what is a strip of movement.

Sideways.

Rules. Section 1. "Wound" is an element of the road, adjacent directly to the carriageway at one level with it, characterized by the type of coating or highlighted by markup 1.2.1 or 1.2.2, used for movement, stop and parking in accordance with the rules.

The fact that the side is adjacent to the roadway is on the same level with it and is distinguished by the type of coating - this is understandable.

But it turns out, the curb may not differ in the type of coating, but simply separated from the roadway with the markup.

And also, it turns out, curb can be usedfor movement, stop and parking.

Concerning traffic in the sidelines , I hurry to calm you - the rules in this case had in mind pedestrians.

Pedestrians do not just can, namely, should move along the roads.

Rules. Section 24. Paragraph 24.2. It is allowed to move cyclistsover the age of 14 by the side of the road - In case there are no cycling and cycling track, the bar for cyclists is either there is no possibility to move along it or on the right edge of the carriageway.

Rules. Section 24. Paragraph 24.7. Moped drivers should move along the right edge of the carriageway in one row or by the strip for cyclists.

Move movement of drivers of mopeds by roadif it does not create interference with pedestrians.

You noticed - even the movement on a bike or moped on the side of the road is not allowed, but only allowed, and even then, when complying with the whole heap of conditions! What then to talk about motorcycles and cars? Of course, the movement of cars and motorcycles on the roads is deadly for pedestrians and therefore permitted can not be. It doesn't care as if the rules permit us to ride the sidewalks and pedestrian paths.

Another thing, if we are talking about parking. The rules not just allowed to park on the side of the road, namely, they ordered:

In the presence of the roadbrain, everyone is parking only on the side of the road!

And it is absolutely correct - why occupy the driving part parked by transport, if there is a sideline.

In fact, in the rules you will not meet anything such a prescription: "If there is a side of the side of the road only on the side of the road." In the rules you will read the following:

Rules. Section 12. Clause 12.1. Stopping and parking of vehicles are permitted on the side of the road, and in its absence - on the roadway.

But already out of this it obviously follows that stopping on the roadway (with the existence of the roadside!) - Violation of the rules.

On modern high-class roads, the sidebu is made by the reinforced, that is, covered with asphalt. In this case, as we have already spoken, the side is separated from the roadway with the help of road markings, and, as a rule, this is a solid longitudinal line (markup 1.2.1).

The movement of any mechanical vehicles on the roads is prohibited, and the solid markup line reminds drivers about this requirement of the rules.

However, if the driver intends to stop, the solid longitudinal line of markup, separating the side of the roadway, is not easy, namely, namely "D.ABOUT lIKE " cross. When stopping and parking, this "longitudinal solid" should be considered simply as the border between the carriageway and the sidelines.

And one more, important moment for drivers - the rules are allowed to use the side of the roadside during turn (if the width of the roadway is insufficient for maneuvers from the leftmost position).

Before completing the conversation about the side of the road, we mention about one exception. Directly at the Okolin can be located stores or other enterprises. If there are no other ways to the entrance, the rules are allowed to approach these enterprises by the sidelines, but only those vehicles that serve this enterprise!

We summarize:

1. "Side" is an element of the road, adjacent directly to the carriageway at one level with it and intended for moving pedestrians, as well as to stop and parking transport.

2. It is allowed to move the cycling, mopeds, manpieces (sled), rigging and coooms, provided that it does not create interference by moving pedestrians.

3. As an exception is allowed to entrance on the side of the vehicles, bringing goods to trade or other enterprises located directly from the Okolin and, provided that there are no other ways to entrance.

4. When reversal, if the widths of the roadway are not enough, the maneuver can be performed using the curb.

5. If there are extension, the stopping vehicle is permitted only on the side of the road!

Sidewalk.

Rules. Section 1. "The sidewalk" is an element of the road intended for the movement of pedestrians and adjacent to the roadway or to the bicycle path or separated from them the lawn.

The most comfortable pedestrian feels, of course, on the sidewalk. The sidewalk raised over the roadway, at least to the height of the curb stone, which creates additional security conditions.

And if the sidewalk is also separated from the carriage of the lawn, and in general you can relax.

The movement of vehicles for the sidewalk is prohibited.

As in the case of the sideline, only the movement of vehicles serving trade or other enterprises, located directly from this sidewalk, is allowed on the sidewalk (if there are no other ways to entrance).

Parking on the sidewalk, unlike the curb, is prohibited. However, in some cases, in order to increase the bandwidth of the road, the transport parking can be organized on the edge of the sidewalk.

The rules allow the use of a pavement, but only for parking bicycles, mopeds, motorcycles and cars and only if there are signs 6.4 "Parking site"applied with one of the following tablets:

Summarize :

1. The sidewalk is an element of the road designed to move pedestrians.

2. Movement and stopping vehicles on the sidewalk is prohibited.

3. As an exception is allowed to an entrance to the sidewalk of vehicles, driven by cargo to commercial or other enterprises located directly from this sidewalk, and provided that there are no other ways to an entrance.

4. The parking lot on the edge of the sidewalk is possible, but only for bicycles, mopeds, motorcycles and passenger cars and only in the presence of appropriate signs.

In the collection of traffic police, there is a pair of tasks and both without drawings.

Driving part.

The main and mandatory element of the road is definitely driving part. Roads without road part simply can not be. The rules give such a definition of the roadway:

Rules. Section 1. The "driving part" is an element of the road designed to move the moveless vehicles.

In principle, only one of this definition already follows that the movement of cars, motorcycles and bicycles for all other elements of the road (on the roads, sidewalks, tramways and by dividing strips) is prohibited (once for the movement of the fine vehicles, the driving part is designed).

But the rules, like any law, in addition to basic provisions, contain additions and exceptions allowing in some cases to use drivers and other elements of the road.

With a sidewalk and sidewalk, we have already figured out, we'll talk about the tramways later, and now all the attention of the main element of the road - the roadway, or rather, how it is divided into stripes, and that for drivers it means.

Strip of movement.

To streamline movement and make it the most safe as possible, the roadway is divided into stripes with longitudinal road marking lines.

Rules. Section 9. Paragraph 9.7. If the driving part is divided into strips of markup lines, vehicle movementmust be implemented strictly according to the labels designated.Running on intermittent markup lines is allowed only during rebuilding.

Most drivers do not even suspect that, moving with marking wheels, they violate the rules.

According to paragraph 9.7 of the Rules, the movement should always be implemented strictly by bands.

Moreover, and inside the strip, the driver should have its own vehicle not ababa as, as well as to provide a safe distance and safe side intervals.

And this is also the requirement of the rules:

Rules. Section 9. Clause 9.10. The driver must observe such a distance to a moving ahead of the vehicle that would allow to avoid a collision,as well as the required side interval providing traffic safety.

In general, from the position of the maximum security, the ideal situation is when:

1. Everyone moves, observing the county (that is, moving strictly by stripes).

2. No one is rebuilt from a number of in a row (any rebuild is a potential danger).

3. No one leaves for half the road intended for the oncoming movement (it threatens a frontal or tangent collision).

4. The extreme left band in both directions is free (cars can be easily moved by operational services).

This is the perfect picture. It is possible to strive for it.

But taking into account the needs and interests of all road users.

Let's see how it managed to make the rules on different roads.

Two-band road.

To prohibit the departure of half the road, intended for the oncoming movement, it is possible using road markings - enough in the middle of the carriageway to apply a solid axial line.

However, in the case of two-way expensive, it will mean that any obstacle will inevitably block the movement.

Now the drivers fell into the west - to drive around the obstacle without disrupting it is impossible. If you follow the "letter" of the rules, everyone should stand and wait for the inspector, which one can only resolve "a violation".

Therefore, on duplex roads, the axial line is usually intermittent.

Intermittent markup line does not forbid anything. Now in both directions you can overtake moving vehicles and cross around fixed obstacles to the departure of the oncoming movement, as well as rotate to the left and unfold.

With regard to a two-way road, the rules were forced to go for a reasonable compromise between safety and bandwidth:

You can go to the "oncoming", but the movement on the "oncoming" is prohibited.

That is, after the completion of overtaking or tracing, the driver must immediately return to his half of the carriageway.

What is interesting, in the rules nowhere is not said that it is allowed to go to the oncoming duplex roads. But nowhere is not said that it is prohibited. And how should I understand any law - "What is not forbidden, then allowed"! The authors of the rules did not need to give such a direct resolution, it was enough not to prohibit.

As for the roads with a number of lanes more than two, the rules spoke very definitely here about the departure to the oncoming card.

Three-band road.

On a three-way road there are various options for organizing motion.

Option 1. In our direction one strip, in the counter - two.

The solid longitudinal markup line shares the oncoming flows of vehicles.

In this case, only one thing is possible to move strictly in its own (only) strip, without driving on a solid axial markup line.

Option 2. In our direction two strips, in the counter - one.

Well, finally, in our direction more than one strip, in this case - two. So what, how will we divide on all these two stripes?

You can, for example, enter Dragon requirements and prohibit everything (except for cars of operational services) to take the left strip.

You can resolve movement on the left strip, but not all and not always.

Rules reasoned as follows. Just two bands and there is nothing to share here, and if it happens in the settlement, let everyone have equal rights. In the settlement, the movement is characterized by a larger number of rebuildings. The rules considered that to force drivers to return to the right lane also after each advance or a detour is more likely to harm, and not benefit.

This permission means that in the settlement on the road with two strips in this direction you can move on any lane Even if you are on the road one. And the use of any strip can all - and motorcycles, and passenger cars, and any trucks.

And again, in the rules you will not find direct instructions anywhere, which is if it happens in the settlement, and in your direction two bands, then everyone is allowed to move along any of these two bands. The authors of the rules again applied the basic principle of any right - "What is not forbidden, then allowed" And set out the requirements in the following form:

Rules. Section 9. Paragraph 9.4. Second paragraph. In populated areasvehicle driverscan use the most convenient movement for them.

Rules. Section 9. Paragraph 9.4. Third paragraph. three stripes and more only with intensive movement when other bands are busy, as well as to turn left or reversal.

As you can see, the requirement does not occupy the left left with free right concerns only roads with three and more stripes In this direction.

From here just follows that in settlements on the road from two stripes In this direction it is allowed to occupy any strip regardless of the intensity of the movement.

Outside the settlement speeds are significantly higher, and the rules, taking care of security, tried the oncoming traffic flows as far as possible from each other. This requirement is set out in the same clause 9.4, only in the first paragraph:

Rules. Section 9. Paragraph 9.4. The first paragraph. Outside settlements, as well as in settlements on roads marked 5.1"Highway" or 5.3"Road for cars", or where movement is allowed at a speed of more than 80 km / h,vehicle driversmust lead them if possible closer to the right edge of the carriageway. It is forbidden to occupy left bands with free right.

As you can see, this requirement acts on any road outside the settlement. But not only. Even in the settlement, if the speed of more than 80 km / h is permitted in this area, everyone is obliged to hold as right as possible.

The right strip is busy, and now the driver of the blue jeep does not violate anything.

But now breaks.

In this situation, the driver of the blue jeep is obliged to move at the extreme right strip.

Option 3. The driving part is divided into three strips by intermittent road marking lines.

In this case, the middle band is given to the simultaneous use of drivers of both directions.

However, in contrast to the previous version, here the drivers should regard the departure to the middle lane, as the allowed departure for half the road intended for the oncoming traffic.

That is, it is pre-evaluating whether the average strip is free from the oncoming vehicles, and, by completing overtaking or detour, it is necessary to return to the right strip immediately.

Despite the intermittent lines of markup, departure to the extreme left strip on a three-way road with rules categorically forbidden!

Such a violation qualifies as departure to the oncoming in violation of the rules and punishable by deprivation of rights for a period of 4 to 6 months.

This is how it is stated in the rules:

On the roads with double-sided movement, having three bands, designated by markup, of which the average is used to move in both directions, it is allowed to leave for this band only for overtaking, leaving, turning left or reversal. To travel to the extreme left band, intended for the oncoming traffic, is prohibited.

This is how they will ask you on the exam:

In this place in classes in a driving school, students always ask the question: "Was it allowed to turn around on such a road?".

Why not? On any road, the reversal may be prohibited or marking, or signs or rules. The markup is intermittent, there are no signs, but the rules forbade departure to the extreme left band only for the purpose of overtaking or throw the obstacle.

Moreover, the rules about the turn on such a road wrote all by direct text (we repeat once again clause 9.3):

Rules. Section 9. Paragraph 9.3. On the roads with double-sided movement having three bands designated by markup, of which the average is used to move in both directions, it is allowed to leave for this lane only for overtaking, slim, turning to the left or reversal.

Of course, before rebuilding on the middle lane, the driver must make sure that it is free from the oncoming traffic.

And if the width of the roadway is not enough for turn, then, as on any road, out of the intersection It can be performed from the right edge of the carriageway (or even from the roadside).

Of course, it is necessary to give way to the road not only on a counter, but also passing vehicles.

So, the turn on such a three-way road is allowed. And in areas outside the intersection it needs to be carried out either from the middle strip, or from the right edge of the carriageway or from the curb.

But at the crossroads As you already know, the reversal is always allowed everywhere only from the leftmost position!

And on such a road, the leftmost position is the middle bar!

In which direction can you continue the movement in the middle lane? 1. Direct or left. 2. Only left. 3. Left or in the opposite direction. Comment to the task On a three-band road to move directly the right strip is intended. The middle band is allowed to be used only for overtaking or tracing, as well asto turn left or reversal.

And until September 1st, 2016, such a task (I, however, a little changed it, but it is not applicable):

What car driver turning left does not violate the rules? 1. Only passenger. 2. Only freight. 3. Both are not broken. Comment to the task Note! - All roads are three-way! On such roads, start turning left from the middle strip. And what lane can you have completed turning left? If you have not missed the previous topic (maneuvering), you already know that on any road, completing the turn left, the driver should not be on the head of the oncoming movement! He made everything right only the truck driver, and his mannewer does not threaten anyone any trouble. I do not know why traffic police considered this task irrelevant and deleted it from exam tickets, but today it is the case: If you turn left to the middle lane (on such a road), it qualifies as departing to the oncoming in violation of rules and punishands with a fine of 5000 rubles or deprivation of rights for a period of 4 to 6 months.

Multibone roads.

The road with any number of strips is more than three - already a multibone road. On multibbon roads, the axial line, separating the flows of counter directions, is not simply solid, but in obligatory! - double solid line.

On multibbon roads, the rules finally were able to fully implement one of the basic principles of security - here it is categorically prohibited from departure (for the purpose of overtaking or a detachment) for half, intended for the oncoming traffic! All ahead and closures - only within their half of the roadway!

Option 1. In our direction two stripes.

But that you already know. On any road with two strips in this direction in the settlement, everyone is allowed to occupy any convenient band.

And this is also familiar to you. On any road outside the settlement Everyone must keep as right . In this situation, completing the advance, the driver is obliged to return to the right strip.

Left bands can only be held with the right.

And on the exam, they ask for:

What band can you continue to move in the settlement after ahead of the truck? 1. Only right. 2. Only on the left. 3. Anyone. Comment to the task In the settlement on the road with two strips in this direction, movement on any strip is allowed.

Is it possible to continue moving along the left strip after ahead of the truck? 1. Can. 2. You can, if you manage the passenger car. 3. It is impossible. Comment to the task Outside the settlement on any road, everyone prescribed movement as it is possible.

Option 2. In our direction more than two lanes.

On the roads with three and more stripes In this direction, the rule, although not categorically, but still "asked" drivers not to take the left left strip.

That is, it can be occupied, but only with intense movement, when all other bands are busy.

In the settlement, such a requirement means the following:

1. If in your direction, for example, as many as ten lanes, you have the right to choose any convenient band of nine right, even if the road is absolutely free.

2. If nine right bands are busy, you can take the tenth (extreme left).

3. If, moving at the extreme left strip, you drove to the place when the right has become free, you must leave the extreme left strip.

And it is so! But not for everyone!

It is so if you drive a motorcycle, a car or a small truck (up to 2.5 tons). However, if you are following the steering wheel of a medium truck (more than 2.5 tons), then a completely different rule rule will begin to act. The rules decided - since it is unrealistic to completely free the left left strip, then it is absolutely necessary to free her at least from medium and large trucks, and on such roads (with three and more strips in this direction) rules forbidden them to occupy the extreme left band.

And immediately the question arises - how do they turn to the left or unfold? After all, it is necessary to make just with an extreme left strip! The rules did not forget about it, and allowed them departure to the extreme left, but only before turning to the left or turn.

And that's all! Even if all other bands are occupied, trucks with a permitted maximum mass of more than 2.5 tons on the extreme left do not move!

And no guarantees or trains with departure to the left left!

The rules about this is stated as follows:

Rules. Section 9. Paragraph 9.4. In settlements, vehicle drivers can use the most convenient movement strip for them.

However, on any roads having to move in this direction Three stripes and more, take the left left band allowedonly with intensive movementwhen busy other bands,as well as to turn left or reversal, and trucks with a permitted maximum mass of more than 2.5 tons - only for turning to the left or reversal.

You drew attention! - trucks with a permitted maximum mass of more than 2.5 tons are forbidden to occupy extreme left left on any roads with a number of lanes more than two in this direction (both in the settlement and out of the settlement).

And if you with the rights of the category "B" will drive such a truck (for example, a Gazelle), remember this.

And on the exam on this problem there is:

In this situation, you are allowed to move: 1. Only on the right strip. 2. On the right or middle lane. 3. On any strip. Comment to the task Without a doubt, this is a settlement, and in your direction three lanes. And I don't think about something here - in this situation (that is, on an empty road) you can move on any strip, except for the leftmost left.

Are you allowed by driving a truck with a permitted maximum mass of more than 2.5 tons, go to the third strip in this situation? 1. Permitted. 2. It is allowed only for turning to the left or reversal. 3. It is allowed only for ahead. 4. Forbidden. Comment to the task If it happened, and you with the rights of the category "B" got behind the wheel of a truck with a maximum weight of more than 2.5 tons, then on any road with three and more stripes in this direction, extremely left for you to take only to turn left or reversal.

Can you driving a truck, make ahead of this situation? 1. Can. 2. You can, if the permitted maximum mass of your car is not more than 2.5 tons. 3. It is impossible.

Methods for the movement of scouts in settlements and indoors depend on the tasks of the intelligence, the nature of the terrain, weather, the time of day of the opponent's action and. Finally, from the availability of all kinds of engineering fortifications and barrage. However, there are a number of common and private action methods that the scout is required to know.
In major settlements, observation range is limited, since houses in cities have different heights; Therefore, to extend to a profitable observation point, the intelligence accounts are often able to move among the ruins of buildings, inside the knowledge, on the roofs of buildings in the attic, etc.
The difficulty of movement in settlements increases due to a large number of broken bricks, iron scrap, wire, block of collapsed buildings, minimized barriers and braided obstacles skillful overcoming all sorts of obstacles and impeccable melee maintenance are the most important requirements for intelligence when actions in settlements.
Before moving towards a separate structure, building, yard or group of houses, a secretive observation of the inhability of the settlement should be launched, for separate buildings, and then consistently for the main local items. After that, under the cover of the folds of the terrain and local items, moving around, on all fours or crawling.
For the purpose of secretive movement, move along roadside roads, docks, along fences, shrubs and trees.

Movement around the terrain with ruins

When moving in places where there are piles of broken bricks, destroyed structures, fallen walls, dodge, funnels, strive to bypass them, carefully listen to the shelters to view the angles, holes on the shelter. If you need to go through them or through them silently, then put the leg from above and ticking the firm point of the support, transfer the severity of the body, after which the next step (Fig. 47).
When climbeding through the obstacle to pass over it is possible below and do not jump off it, but to omit. In all cases, the objects producing noise (canned banks, wire, sleeves, wooden objects, etc.)
If the reconnaissance is the long-term overlap of the terrain with a solid and uneven soil, it is desirable that they have primitive knee pads that are stitched from rags and baked packles or cotton: these knee pads are sewn to trousers in places corresponding to the knee joint.
In sunny din and moon nights for movement, it is recommended to choose the shadow sides and disguise for the items themselves.
At the meeting of the enemy's transport, the intelligence officer is obliged (in the event that he has no special instructions), not detecting himself, to observe: if there are hidden areas of the terrain, the scout must, viewed and noticing what he needed, to use the noise of the motor for free movement by throw in a given direction. For the same purpose you need to use the wind. Silently approaching the enemy more convenient in cases where the wind blows away in the direction of the scout.
In all cases of movement in settlements and settlements, and in the room there are dogs to beware. When a dog appears to bypass this place or structure and continue movement.

Movement inside buildings

In most cases, scouts before penetrating the building, the behavior of the enemy is studying; Assess the conditions of penetration into the building and advantageous time and moment. For successful penetration into the building, it is sometimes expedient to use distracting actions - set fire to the neighboring house or raise noise nearby. During intelligence inside the building, reconnaissance often have to act rapidly, punching a grenade, bullet in emphasis and cold weapons; In these cases, you need to move quickly, in some places silently and always act carefully, but decisively.
With hidden and swiveless movement in the room, on the corridors and stairs to wear soft shoes, wrapping boots with rags or remove shoes.
According to the corridors and rooms, move along the walls in small steps, on tiptoe. Climb the stairs through 2-3 steps, go down one, move closer to the railing. Constantly beware of the edge of the floor or stairs. In the room it is recommended to be masked outside the doors, cabinets, in the niches of the walls, Chulans, under the stairs, etc. due to the corner, on the corridors turns quickly; In the room also go fast. Weapons always keep in a fingerboard; Beware of mined items.

Instructions for learning movements in settlements and inside the structure

Intelligence training is carried out on the outskirts of settlements (with approach to them) among buildings and inside the training structure, barn or dugouts both in the scene classes and in physical training and in the following classes.
Training in the form of bilateral actions in the following forms: one unit is secretive and silently approach the group of houses; At the same time, another unit is covered among buildings and observes; One group of scouts is masked among buildings, in a barn, in the training hanging, the other seeks to discover the enemy and enter with it to a hand-to-hand fight on rifles or knives with a soft tip; Two, three different groups from different parties to approach the structure, enter it and capture the captive, etc.
Training scouts in secretive and silent movement in the area of \u200b\u200bthe terrain with a broken brick, canned jars, pieces of wire, with simultaneous overcoming on the way of dawn, holes, destroyed walls with movement along the fence, shouldn, with climbing in the framework of the study structure, with movement on stairs, Corridors, attics, etc. In addition to the training of scouts in rapid movement and overcoming obstacles in settlements and premises.

5. Movement of the scouting area with various floral cover

(meadows, crops, plantings, reeds and bushes)

When moving with a step or running around the terrain with various vegetation in the zone where the enemy does not see and do not hear the scout, move in large steps; The foot is most often placed from the heel on the entire foot or on top immediately on the whole mark. You need to look forward and down try not to put your leg on the laying stones and branches to avoid light bruises and injuries. Sowing on the way of crops, roots, bushes smoothly allocate, breed with hands or left hand, if the right is holding a weapon (Fig. 48). After passing, smoothly omit vegetation in place behind you.
With a silent walking on high grass (especially dry) and leisurely lift the leg above and put it from the sock (Fig. 49).

With silent overwhelming over dry grass and leaffall, moving on customers slowly, alternately rearrange the arms and legs, or on the side; In the latter case, at first carefully rearrange the left hand, then move the body and rearrange the right leg.
Before passing the area of \u200b\u200bthe area with crops, reeds, bushes and grass in a person's height, the intelligence officer, if possible, must first look at this area of \u200b\u200bthe terrain from the height (from the hill, wood, etc.) and outline favorable, secretive approaches and passages.
If the area is viewed by the enemy from the height, then the scout, moving along it, must be in a camouflage bathrobe and disguise itself under the color of the terrain. It is necessary to move so as not to move the tops of crops, reeds or bushes due to the fact that from the height, the movement of the tops at a large distance is noticeably and demasted by the scouts. Therefore, you need to move along, on all fours or lying along the paths, the arches of crops, under the bushes and between the bushes (Fig. 50); When moving, care is careful not to step on dry branches that produce noise.

Guidelines for trained location movements with various floral cover.

When learning, do not spoil sowing and planting. Selects the area close to sowing and planting, such as, for example, bournan with high grass, small shrub reed (close to roads, in ravines, on wasteland, etc.)
Training in movements in the column, in the snake, in the chain, groups; With the ongoing movement - single and groups. Move low clutching, overwhelming. With carrying cargo, stairs, boards, with a fighter, denoted by the captured, and with various heavy infantry weapons.
Conduct training for secretive and silent movement and actions: At the same time, fighters must be observed (one group per one or one fighter after another) from bushes, canthaw, bouran, from height and listen to the actions of the opponent; Training scouts in rapid open actions in the form of the most quick run, overcoming overcoming on the way of obstacles.
It combine training in movements with battles on sticks with a soft tip, with an attack on the "enemy" and capturing the captured.

6. Movement of scout on wood-marshide

In a woody of swampy terrain, movement is hampered due to the limited observation and difficulty difficulties; The limitations of the roads, and sometimes the complete absence of them, due to the danger of a sudden meeting with ambushes, slashes and mine harnesses of the enemy.
To ensure secret and silent movement in the forest, the scout must:
thoroughly marsking itself to branches and grass under the general background of the area;
Avoid moving on a dealer and dry shrub:
If necessary, wind shoes with a cloth or felt.

Movement in the forest

When moving in the forest, move carefully, do not step on dry branches, bark, bumps; Use for disguise with thick trees, bushes, high grass, bodies, always carefully observe and listen, distinguish the natural noise from artificial. Quickly run through the separate open areas of the area (from one tree or bush to another), as well as far-visible forest roads, trails and requests, after which go to the position of the squat, lying and continue moving into growth or transfer.

Movement over the swamp

Moving on the swamp (if it is impossible to get around), the scouts must hold on to the group, close to each other, so that if necessary, it was possible to help a friend.
The path of transition through the swamp should be chosen very carefully.
Before moving through the swamp, it is necessary to install whether there are no trails that local residents use, what is the depth of the swamp, how hard the top cover is. Through the swamp, you need to move carefully and do not rush, so as not to get into the quagger. At first, you need to carefully step by the very edge of the swamp. If it is withstanding, then you need to hit the legs on the surface several times. Making sure that the surface does not fail, carefully move forward, whispering the path in front of themselves. It is recommended to choose a path with bumps, shrub rhizomes, located closely alone from the other. In particularly dangerous locations, you need to throw a trick, thrill, boards or pttenial flashes. At the same time, it is advisable to shift the tires and boards or ptteny flashes after passing over them.
To facilitate movement, the swamp can be used by sticks, such as when driving on skis (Fig. 51). Sticks are made like this: tie two rings from flexible rods, tied up their cross-cross-rope (scroll, wire). The made ring is firmly tied to a stick with a score or flyer on a cat.
In addition to sticks, the scout can use marshes, which are made in the form of a beam of branches or in the form of a wicker and are tested to the legs (ryas 52) with ropes, lycc, etc. so that they are easily shot.

If the transition path is selected, scheduled and checked, then it is necessary to pass it by fast small steps along the moss strip or jumps on the ridges with a shrub.
If the situation requires a secretive and silent movement on the swamp, then move carefully step, low, feeling the grass, moss, etc. (Ryas. 53), or transfer lying on the stomach (on the side).
The scout must remember that the bolot can be passed and carry a cargo (anti-tank rifle, machine machine gun, drawers with explosives, etc.) in cases where the swamp is covered with a solid moss, thick grass ahead of the row with a squaster (willow , alder), as well as provided if the sections of the swamps are covered with spruce and alder forest.
It is difficult to go through the swamp if it is covered with a fluffy (grass whose heads are formed by the fluff) and if there are often stagnant water on it among the moss. The presence of a root together with the Russian and rare young birching also indicates a weak resistance to surface cover.
It is very difficult to go through the swamp if it is covered with a thin layer of the cover, under which it is howl, or rare cantschem bushes.
When moving through the swamps you need to avoid places covered with bright juicy greens. This "windows" in which you can fail.

Indications of movement in wood-marsh terrain

Learning movements in a wooded-swampy terrain to produce in a coniferous forest, deciduous, mixed, cut down, in the forest in a swamp and with a shrub, on forest beams, slopes, hills, forest mountains and ravines.
Methods of movement to work out according to the nature of the terrain. Move should be swollen, silently, hidden I openly, step, run, as well as overwhelming. At the same time overcome the obstacles (Rips, ruins, squashs); Watch observation, climb on trees and fixes on them, throw grenades and act weapons.
In all cases, workouts demand from the fighters of the ability to mask themselves with branches under the background of the terrain and overtake shoes with rag in order to move silently.
Training of movements on woody-swampy terrain spend on swampy terrain with intelligence passed places stick; Fighters producing intelligence in dangerous places should be insured with a rope.
By the swamps, moving around, lowly nourished by interimage. After such workouts to take time on washing and drying shoes and uniforms.
When learning movements in a woody-swampy terrain, as well as in another area, movement methods to combine with leading fire and receptions of hand-to-hand combat.

7. The movement of the scout in the mountains.

Mountain features

Acting in the mountains, the intelligence officer must be hardy, cautious, bothering I possess special patience and attention to the observation of the opponent and the terrain; If necessary, it is obliged, having rushed, I am watching the enemy clock; As needed to crawl hundreds of meters secretly and silently, despite the bad weather, overcoming fatigue.
Each scout of the Red Army should perfectly know the features of the mountain environment and take into account all the dangers with which he can meet when actions in the mountains. He needs to own the main elements of movement in the mountains and overcoming mining obstacles.
Education training and training them in mastering different moments of mining training, even outside the mountains, are a good means of general physical development facilitate the implementation of intelligence tasks in the mountains.
At all training in combat training, as well as in the watches of physical training sewer, in the presence of time and conditions, use any area of \u200b\u200bterrain, introducing mining training elements.
From the experience of the war it follows that troops can act in the mountains without having special mining equipment, subject to the widespread use of the Shanntic tools, remedies and materials.
Under the actions of scouts in highland areas, it is desirable to have special equipment for them (cats, protective colored glasses, etc.).
The movement of a fighter in wood-mountain and high-mountainous areas has an impact of a number of factors that should know and take into account each scout acting in the mountains.

Orientation difficulty

The difficulty of orientation occurs in the absence of characteristic benchmarks and the presence of rich vegetation with sharp shadows; Due to unexpected changes in atmospheric phenomena (reduced cloudiness, rains, snowfall, sharp weather fluctuations at any time of the year, worsening visibility in fogs): due to the limited roads and a large number of one-type paths.

Natural dangers

Natural hazards include: stonepads caused by the destruction of rocks under the influence of wind, rain and with a non-accurant motion on stonepad places; screeching when the cliffs of rocks, stones, etc. are broken from the surface of the slope; Snow avalanches sliding from the slope at high speed; Snow Owls. In the spring: earth landslides, thunderstorms, rains and storms. After the rain, the paths, the slopes and rods become slippery and the danger of breaking all sorts of breeds is increasing. Especially dangerous cracks in the mountains, often covered with snow.

Meteorological changes

In highland areas, the air temperature after sunset decreases even in the summer. In the presence of ice and snow on vision, reflected solar rays are valid, as a result of which safety glasses are required: air discharge entails difficulty breathing and dizziness, but these phenomena disappear as exercises. For high-mountainous areas, it is also characteristic of the rapid change in the level of water in mountain rivers during rains and melting of snow; During this period, shallow flowing streams turn into violent, fleeting streams, and rivers are distinguished by difficult-to-go wide sleeves.
Signs of weather worsening: Alay Morning dawn, a decrease in air temperature in the morning clock, blurred sun, the crown around the moon and noticeable flickering stars.
Signs of weather instability are: winds who at night from the valley in the mountains, and in the afternoon from the mountains.
Signs of weather improvement: Alaty evening dawn, a decrease in temperature in valleys in the evening hours, evening fog in the valleys, mouldhelie, clear sky, morning dew covered with a peak haze, cold nights in the valleys.
The sign of approaching thunderstorm is the appearance of 2 to 3 hours before the thunderstorm of the mass of cumulus clouds. For shelter from thunderstorms you need to use strong rocky ledges. In the forest should not be stopped under high and lonely standing trees.
A place to relax and overnight stay in the mountains. Scouts should choose where it will be protected from a strong wind, while it is necessary to take into account the possibility of unexpected flooding, stonepad and avalanche.

Opportunities

Mining and wooded terrain, as a rule, it is difficult due to thick thickets, burvero and the small number of roads; In such a terrain, there are usually small settlements that are marked by a small population density. The enemy acting in the mountains has a great opportunity to easily cover the terrain, organize ambushes, traps, create natural barriers, obstacles and mining passable areas.
Despite the dangers, difficulties and harsh natural conditions, wooded and rocky mountains favor active, sudden, bold and dear actions of scouts. Due to the diversity of the area, as well as the possibility of hidden movement and high-point classes in the mountains, a wide field of visibility and observation is created; The diversity of all sorts of slots, stones, bumps, bushes and trees allows the intelligence opportunities to easily hide from the enemy fire; Lesson of a higher place than an opponent, the use of narrow passes, thickets, stonepads, etc. Help the intelligencely to go away from persecution and destroy the enemy.
Scouts acting in the mountains should take with them only what is extremely necessary to fulfill the task. Preliminary careful study of the terrain and observation of it must be the rules of the scout with all its movements and before starting actions.
Upon acts in the mountains, scouts should have food concentrates for 1-2 days, and with actions in high-mountainous areas - special mountain equipment, warm clothes, shoes and concentrates for 3-4 days.
In order to avoid dangers that are found during movements in the mountains, the scout must know and perform precautions and insurance.

The main elements of insurance and self-insurance

In dangerous areas, move in a bundle of three people on one rope. Each scout assumes the chest with a rope, making a loop and fixing it with a node (Fig. 54).

In order for the rope loop not slipping from the chest, tapping it with auxiliary piece of rope, selling one end under the loop from behind, around the neck, and the other under the front loop; End rope binds (Fig. 55)
In order for steep legs to the legs, they do not slip, you need to tie the shoes with a rope or wire (Fig. 56).

In order to avoid falling and disruptions when moving in conjunction on the rocks, a fighter, providing insurance, should choose convenient protrusions, platforms or recesses, to take a stable position for the stop and use sweater means.
For self-insurance, you can use a rifle, a shovel and a stick with a pointed end, having them always ready; (Fig. 57), in dangerous locations, during descents or transitions, it should be used for insurance with a rope, recking it through a tree, the protrusion (Fig. 58) and over the shoulder; You can also use insurance through a lower back with a good footpiece (Fig. 59), the raises are recommended to perform by crossing the slope; The fighter crosses, keeping the rope that is fixed and keeps in a comrades (Fig. 60).

Methods of movement in the mountains

Movement in mining terrain

In the mining and wooded terrain, the scout can make a movement on mountain forest and dirt roads and trails, as well as outside the road, I am a trail, and sometimes even in the most dangerous places, depending on the situation and tasks facing it.
Move on mountain, forest and dirt roads should be on the sides of the road to the right or left with a small smooth step, with a smaller number of stops. When moving, inspect ahead lying bushes, trees, cliffs, etc. Bridges through ravines, mounds should be passed only after careful intelligence; protection to remove silently, cold weapons; If necessary, move out of the bridge to move ramps or bypass them.
Mounting trails have to be done on grassy, \u200b\u200bcrumpled shrubs and forest slopes, among which there are stones, screaming and various rocky rocks of rocks.
The speed of movement on the paths depends on the slope of the slope, the degree of pointedness of the trail, danger from the overlying slopes and the state of the weather.
When moving along the mountain paths, the step must be uniform and medium length. With the folds of the leg to put on the full foot. If the trail is clogged, try to keep the leg to not fall on unreliable lying stones. Firmly lying stones use to support the heel. The steeper path, the more help the movement of the hands, adhering to the durable protrusions of the stones, branches of bushes and trees.
When moving outside of roads and a trail along the edge of them or in parallel to them in thickets, shrubs, sidebakes and between trees: the way of movement to elect, respectively, the nature of the terrain is to move nourishing, on all fours or climbing.
When driving in the rain, snow and fog to observe special caution; Carefully choose a place to set the leg and transfer the body weight to another leg only when it is firmly delivered. In this case, you can use a stick with a pointed end or shovel for self-insurance.
When moving in an unfamiliar mining area to clarify the direction of the return path in some cases, it is possible to use specially made chalk or coal signs on rocks or large stones, as well as abandoned branches, specially laid stones or grasses bunches.
Moving in the mountains with rich floral cover, scouts must listen to the slightest rustle and noise to distinguish natural rustling and noise (created by animals) from artificial (enemy created). Pay special attention to trees, hollow and nests of large birds.
When moving along the trails passing along the row of heights or through the vertices, which are under the supervision of the enemy, move outside the trail and on reverse rocks.
Combs or vertices to overcome are secretive: use small cracks and other recesses, if necessary, move through the overlapping.

Movement on grassy slopes, ravines and fuses

Movement on grassy slopes (lifting) with not a big steepness to produce "in the forehead", putting the legs "Christmas tree": the turn turn (the angle between the feet) is the greater the greater the rise. With a cooler climb (over 40 °), a zigzag or "forest" should be made, moving alternately, then left sideways to the slope (Fig. 61).
If the slope is covered with separate large stones, bushes or fissas, scouts should not move one over the other.
When climbing the case should be kept free, feeding it a little forward, put the leg on the entire foot.
With a large steepness, make a rise on all fours, holding the grass and protrusions of durable stones (Fig. 62).

During the descents to go on semi-baked legs and strive to rely on the entire foot or on the heel.
When driving along a dry grassy slope, thick and soft grass, fear of slip legs on the grass; On wet herbaceous slopes, danger increases; To facilitate the movement in such slopes and self-insurance, apply a pointed stick, holding it with an acute end to the slope, and on steep slippery slopes you can use a shovel, cutting down the stage to ensure reliable legigue.
To facilitate the descent on steep slopes for self-insurance purposes, also apply a stick (shovel) or self-tracking with the help of a rope.
When clutching on herbaceous slopes, not grab the fragile small stones, as well as for the bunches of grass in the bushes. Go down, overwhelming your back to the skate (Fig. 63) or lying on the stomach, legs down.
Movement on the fuses to produce with the testing of the place to set the legs, after which tolerate the severity of the body. In shallow shine, put the leg even more carefully and tolerate the weight of the body only when the soil does not slip on it, or until the movement of the soil has stopped.
Upon descents with short slopes with small fission (if there is a slight thickness of sufficient thickness and lies not on a cool ice or grassy slope) you can move straight down, using the slip of the scatter to accelerate the movement.
When slips on the ozos, the observation of the overlying slopes.

Movement in places dangerous by stonepades

To strive to bypass the places dangerous by the stonepades, avoid transitions on weathered rocks and fragilely lying stones. If necessary, move to go carefully, in small steps, sometimes holding the protrusions. Less dangerous time for the transition - morning and the beginning of evening twilight.
Places subject to stonepads are determined by the following features: the formation of the grooves, the adjacent edges of the rocky protrusions, the presence of rubble and dust on the stepped sections of the skate and rock venues, fresh scratch at the foot.
Through places, dangerous by stonepades, scouts must move apart at this time the rest are in the shelter. If the stone is hidden, you need to try to delay it and warn the comrades with the chief "stone".
If it is impossible to move aside at the beginning of the stonepad, you need to cuddle to the slope, pre-protecting the head with a grain material (a douse bag, a wound, roller).

Movement in haroving places

If the slope of the slope of the snowy rocks exceeds 25 °, it can be malicious. The presence of strong winds also contributes to the formation of avalanche.
A small probability of falling avalanche exists in the first two days after the snowfall, especially in narrow gorges.
Signs of avalanche attacks are traces of past avalanches: eliminated or bent trees and bushes, eases of snow, the presence of gutters, are the same as when stonepads.
In avalanche-hazardous places, move along the convex sites of rocks abounding with large stones; Speaking cliffs, trees, shrubs and grass prevent the formation and movement of snow avalanches.
According to an avalanchestone slope, moving one by one, exposing observers who are charged to warn about the movement of avalanche. Determine the movement of avalanche can be heard; At the beginning of their movement, there is a loud rustling, hissing, and then thunder noise.
Crossing an avalanche-like slopes of formation or across need to go to the least warm hours of the day, and near the rocks or ridges, on which there are no snowy eaves. Move follows wide steps, the trace in the next, if possible, there is less disturbing the tick of snow. Between going to withstand a distance of 30-50 m.
Lifting and descent on avalanchelopy slopes to produce straight up or down to a lesser extent to disturb the benefit of adjacent reservoirs.
When the avalanche signal is submitted, scouts must (if it is impossible to quickly return or hide) to cuddle to the slope of the mountain, if possible, use the protruding areas of the rocks, then strengthen, applying ice ax, a small shovel or protrusions of the floor of the rock, and cover Head with a bad bag.
With a dust avalanche cover her nose and mouth with hand, so as not to suffocate from the snow dust.
In rainy weather (rain, storm, shower, snowfall, etc.) the actions of the scouting in the mountains are not stopped. You need to move even more carefully, observing all precautions and insurance. Act bold, friendly and bold, groups of 3-6 people. In the hard-fought mountains, scouts must act along the main roads and the trail.

Movement on rocks

Before starting the movement along the rocks, view the path and outline a more secretive and advantageous direction of movement.
While overcoming the rocky area, I downloaded to see the path of movement and choose the most secretive and comfortable penda for movement.
When driving along steep rocks, keep three points of the support: moving one leg, keep the body weight on the other foot and both hands: When you move your hands, hold the body weight on both legs and the other hand.
While moving to strive to put the leg to the entire sole: to rest in the protrusions or capture the irregularities of the brush: to use the protrusions, deepening and cracks for the support, and in the absence of such a tightly lay down to the rock and slowly overwrite up or down. Movement at difficult areas of terrain is carried out in the presence of reliable insurance.
Movement on vertical clefts to produce with the help of a rope; Going down or climbing the crevice, use protrusions and recesses for support with legs, hands and back.
By large inclined slabs and horizontal crevices, moving on all fours or crawls.
On the ridges for the best masking move along the slope slightly below the ridge.
Movement on the rocks to carry out in a bundle of 2-3 people. When approaching, the most experienced fighter should move in front, an experienced fighter moves in the middle in the middle.
While overcoming hard rocks, take part of the equipment and lift on the rope.
When feeling fatigue, choose a safe place to relax and continue moving after rest.
While moving on the rocky areas, carefully and carefully observe and explode slots, rock caves, a large fireplace I protrusions, followed by an opponent.

Movement on ice and snow in the mountains

Movement in ice to produce with the help of a shaft tool cutting steps. On the gentle slopes to move "in the forehead" and put the legs "Christmas tree"; On the coolest slopes to make the movement with zigzags or across the slope and move sideways.
On Ice, you can successfully move in special mountain boots or cats with ice ax.
When cutting down the steps to take a stable position and periodically change the fighters.
In the highlands, the snow lies on the tops even in the summer, and the slopes are covered with grainy snow and ice.
When driving on the snowy slopes, you need to pull the steps of sideways, a shoe toe or cut down their spatula and move the same as on the ice, "in the forehead" or "christk".
Significantly facilitates the motion of the stop on a stick with a pointed lump or on a small shovel.
When descending, knock the boot heel stage, and use a stick or shovel for insurance.
On the closed snow, the glacier should move in a bundle of three and tackle the cracks and snow bridges ahead.
When moving through a snowy gutter, choose the most bottlenecks. Snow ridges to overcome the overwhelming. Large curtains bypass or cut into pieces of passages.

Instructions for training movements in the mountains

Preparation of scouts for movements and actions in the mountains should be provided by training on mining or in highly crossed terrain and at the educational town where all major methods of upcoming actions are being worked out.
When housepads and intelligence units in the distance from rough terrain at the distance of the daily transition, they must use this locality; In all other cases, training townships should be equipped, on which training intelligence officers in all elements of mining training.
The basis of the methods remains the same as in the development of other techniques and methods of movement, overcoming obstacles and actions with weapons, i.e., a brief explanation, showing and testing by fighters of techniques or actions on the task of the commander. In comprehensive training, it is necessary to control the execution of the fighters of the techniques given to them and actions; Short comments are given by the commander on the go.
Training activities on mining training on rough terrain hold on separate elevations found in flat terrain, as well as during the passage through ravines; Widely used river, forest cliffs, slopes, hills, trees, dodge, thick thickets, forest thickets: apply sweater products, special hooks and equipment, manufacturing by the forces of the unit.
During classes in highly crossed terrain, studying techniques at the same time with all the composition of the unit, in groups (one group per one) or "flowing" (one fighter after another); At the same time, it should be clarified to fighters, as these methods are used in the mountains and which there may be surprises and dangers. In the same classes, work out practical ways of insurance, self-insurance, the use of submitted means and assistance to a friend.
Training methods for binding knots, winding shoes with a rope, tapping to the shoes of the homemade "cat", the binding of fighters among themselves can be worked out and outside the crossed area, introducing these elements in classes in the educational town, studied techniques and methods.

- Wonderful movement facility with young children while traveling.

I hope this information was useful and brought someone from you a real physical relief.

Today we will continue this topic. And you will learn that you can still take with you from the means of movement with the child, going to the distant (or not) journey.

Stroller cane

The most traditional and easy way to buy an inexpensive stroller cane. By design, all models are approximately the same. But a stroller is better suitable for travel, which is little weighs (preferably not more than 4 kg), with a slight folding mechanism of folding.

With such a stroller, you can not only walk with the baby through the streets of the city, attend excursions, but also easy to move in transport, train and plane. By the way, you can not pass such a stroller to the luggage and carry into the aircraft salon, like manual sting (more on the rules for transporting hand-made bags in the plane you can read).

But with a stroller, even small, not always and not everywhere it is convenient to move with the baby.

Sling-Ryukzak

Recommended age - from 6 months to 3 years. More often used for kids to 2 years. But on traveling in long-haired walks, older children are also not aimed to admire the surrounding beauty, comfortably setting up in a sling-backpack.

This children's carrying is something average between the sling and the children's kangaroo backpack:

• Combines the ergonomics and convenience of sling (the child is in the right position) and the simplicity of using a backpack (convenient and easily attached to the back).
• In a sling-backpack a child is comfortable. His pose of physiological: the child sits with widely divorced legs, and the load is evenly distributed on the back, ass and hips of the baby.
• The sling backpack does not have those flaws that are inherent in the Children's backpack-kangaroo (a child's chat on the perineum).
• In many models, the design assumes the presence of pockets, the sun protection is provided, there are special lining, which kid can gnaw. Convenient fastening from behind.

Basic requirements for models:

• the belt must be wide and dense;
• furnitura - durable and reliable;
• stamps are soft.

Travel backpack with children

This wonderful novelty appeared not so long ago. In fact, it is a tourist backpack, but not quite ordinary. And if you want to easily travel with children, then you will certainly pay attention to it, especially dads.

Actually, this invention was made by two actually existing dips for their kids who had already turned their stroller and from the position of lying-sitting went into a straight way, but were still not ready for long-term walks around the city and many hours of visits to the museum (and maybe And not one).

What is this miracle carrying, which appeared as a result of great parental love ("Dad came up with, Mom approved") to his children and traveling along with children?

Piggyback Rider is the name of this device that functions like a backpack, and weighs, approximately 3 kilograms. Its design allows you to carry a child standing from 2.5 years and, at the same time, its weight is distributed evenly on the back, which allows the parent not to bend under weight, but confidently and cheerfully walk along the tourist trails. The backpack is designed for weight up to 60 kilograms.

The device is very simple, and they are very easy to use. The backpack is put on the shoulders (most often, on wide dads shoulders), the child becomes legs on a special durable stand and fixed with reliable belts, but, at the same time, its legs remain free and retain mobility. Special seat belts insure a child from falling out of a backpack, and for greater confidence, the child holds for special handles.

That this thing is simply indispensable in hikes, on excursions, in amusement parks, in sporting events, it is hardly even worth talking. It is obvious.

In addition, its size, weight and design allow you to use it with any kind of trips (by car, plane, on foot).

On the Internet found such a backpack from 62.93 dollars, but this is a discount. Its approximate its price is about three thousand rubles, but its value is determined by the model (there is a basic model and more "tricky") and the number of all additional accessories and addicts.

To better understand how to use them, and to make sure it is, really useful in a journey thing, watch the video:

Hipsit (eng. Hip Seat - Sit on the thigh) – Another remarkable invention to help parents.

Travel with him is a pleasure.

• Easy, compact, takes up little space, nothing superfluous in the design. Consists of a belt and a comfortable seat for the baby.
• Easy to fasten on the hip.
• Ensures mom from back pain, which inevitably arise with the long wear of the child on the thigh.
• The seat for a child can be supplemented with a comfortable roomy and stylish handbag for different trifles and some other accessories, for example, an extension strap, with which you can additionally increase the hipsite belt length.
• A child supported by mom (or dad) can sit, looking at the world around. You can even jump a little or stand. And if the child wants to take a nap, you can build an improvised place to sleep from the seat.
• The device is indispensable when your child does not want to be in a static position for a long time: he likes to jump there and here. And in this case, you can easily move the child.
• Hipsit is a thing that is difficult to find a replacement during travel, at airports, trains, shops and hospitals, picnics and on beaches, during short walks near the house or at the cottage, on excursions and sightseeing. And even at home, when the child does not want to let go of mom even for a minute, you can use such carrying and do your own business.

Moms and dads are happy to enjoy hipsite, and the child is just happy, because he does not part for a minute with his parents.

By the way, this convenient device can use not only mom and dad kid. Grandparents and grandmothers with no less pleasure will go to walk with a child using hipsite. I would still walk for a long time and, at the same time, no problems: legs and spin are absolutely not tired. The only thing they regret is that when their children were kids, no one came to mind the idea to come up with something like that.

Find and buy hipsite is now quite simple. In online stores a lot of offers of different models and manufacturers. And although such a carrying is worth a rather big money, after all, convenience and numerous advantages are clearly outweigh in favor of buying Hippychick Hipsita.

Try, perhaps you and your child will like it too.

The older man, the higher the likelihood of chronic diseases and unwanted age changes. Damage and weakening of the musculoskeletal system, vegetative dystonia, dizziness, pressure drops and just weakness in the limbs - all this causes discomfort and uncertainty in their forces. Because of this, it appears reluctance once again to get up without any assistance, as a result, it decreases that leads to a complete loss of the opportunity to move independently in the house or on the street.

To help in such cases, it is recommended to use a special device - walkers for them much more efficiently with crutches or canes and suggest the presence of a wide support base, which adds confidence, helps to overcome the fall of the fall and makes it possible to move around people with limited motor functions.

Purpose

Walkers will be useful after the underwent heavy stroke, when the patient was chained for a long time, lost muscular tone and fears walking without help.

Fractures in the elderly - a big problem, the period of rehabilitation is long, and the need to transfer the patient to the vertical position after the bed mode is obvious.

Using the walkers, the recovery process can be significantly accelerated. They are comfortable in everyday life, indispensable in the centers of institutions, nursing homes. The main thing is that the walkers perform their function 100% were safe, as convenient as possible, and for individual acquisitions had an optimal price.

History

Presumably, the walkers were first invented for kids whose parents tried to save their hands and spine from overloads.

The history of the development of adult adults began countdown in the forties of the last year, when Lithuanian emigrant Andreus Muiz suggested as a support for maintaining weight when walking the design of the frame on four legs, which reached the patient's waist.

A little later, at the end of the sixties, the Swedish inventor Burt Linder proposed to additionally use the wheels on the legs, the substantially improved the walkers for the elderly. Feedback grateful customers gave impetus to developing and implementing constructive innovations.

Modern models equipped with wheels with braking mechanism make it possible to confortantly move in the house and on the street. On the seat, you can relax on the walk, and the basket is convenient for transportation of everything you need.

Classification

Walkers are classified by:

1. appointment;
2. use;
3. technical features.

Depending on whether they will be used for the rehabilitation course or are selected for everyday use, the models can differ significantly.

Walkers, designed to move indoors, may be uncomfortable on the street and vice versa.

Specifications in different models have significant differences: frame material, weight, knob configuration, wheels and braking mechanism, seats, additional compartments for things.

Depending on the design features, walkers for older people can be holistic and folding, they are divided into types:

• stationary;
• walking;
• two-level;
• wheeled (roller);
• with an additional support (elbow or axillary);
• universal.

Stationary models

Stationary models with a monolithic frame of lightweight materials are the simplest design. At the initial stage, experts advise you to choose such walkers for the elderly.

User feedback indicate that at first, when it is not clear that it is better - a crutch, a cane or a more reliable device, it is simple models with a light aluminum frame that are suitable for most cases.

They are not expensive, practical and durable. Present a simple design of four supports with handrails for the convenience of moving. Movement occurs inside the design.

Duplex walkers

Such models are designed for weakened patients, when even the rode from the chair or bed causes difficulty. The handrails in such structures are located on two levels: Some are intended for the stop at the time of lifting body weight and subsequent lowering, others - for support during standing and movement around the house.

Experience has shown that the walkers are two-level for older patients are more convenient for the usual design for older patients, since it is precisely in the process of getting a person one should attach the greatest effort, and just the handrails at the desired level give an additional support and create conditions for such a push.

Walkers with a step effect

This variant of the supporting device is a modification of a simple stationary design, which is characterized by a hinge compound of the front jumper with the right and left half.

Such a fastening makes it possible to move a person not the whole design immediately, but separately every side in the tact of step. The model is more suitable in the period of active rehabilitation to generate movement coordination.

Walkers for the elderly walking due to the fixation of hinge compounds are quickly converted into a rigid stationary structure, which is very convenient at different stages of the rehabilitation period.

Wheel models

A simple variant of mobile walkers assumes the presence of a small diameter wheels on the front supports - for easier moving them. Such a design is convenient for patients with weak hands and after a short training makes it possible to move quite quickly.

Walkers on wheels for elderly patients are recommended for walking and for additional workout of the legs. Such structures (rollers, rollators) are equipped with four wheels of a larger diameter, which allows you to move as quickly as possible, while maintaining stability. Usually equipped with a brake on the principle of manual bicycle mechanism.

Models with additional support

It also happens that a person has a desire to get up and move, but ordinary designs with an emphasis at the pelvic level do not give such an opportunity, as they cannot create a sufficient support. In such cases, add additional elements of body weight support at a higher level.

Walkers-supports for elderly patients with focusing under the elbow make it possible to carry the body weight when walking on the forearm. Higher emphasis provides good stability even highly weakened people.

The emphasis in the axillary region makes it possible to completely unload the spine and maximize the process of movement. Such models are recommended for people with coordination disorders.

Universal walkers and their modifications

Currently, the market offers both stationary and folding compact models, convenient for storage and transportation. The frame of folding frame may also be present in simple stationary structures, and the walking options for walkers, and more "advanced" rollators. All of them are easily transformed into the working position and can quickly prepare for use.

Often, for patients with a large weight of the usual aluminum design, it is not enough. In such cases, the option of a stronger frame with increased technical characteristics should be selected. There are models designed to load up to 225 kg.

Currently, there are comfortable walkers for the elderly. The photo of such a model is presented above. There are structures with a folding or stationary seat, the front jumper in this case serves as a back. Additionally there may be a table, compartments for storing luggage and transportation of canes.

In order for the patient to feel the benefit of the walkers, they must be selected specifically for it. The right choice will help make the attending physician, familiar with the physiological condition and physical health of the patient. Also help can provide a qualified specialist of the trading network, where the walkers are planned to acquire.

For weak patients, it is better to choose structures with wheels on the front legs. If they are removable, it will be even better.

For walks, you should choose rollalators with large wheels and seats for recreation. An option with three wheels is less bulky and more mobile, it is well suited for home, and for the street.

People with coordination disorders are better to choose a walkers-support under the elbow or an axillary area.

Specificity of choice

The design should be as easy as possible, precisely approach the patient's growth or be able to adjust. Any walkers for the elderly (the photo makes it possible to understand the principle of determining height) should be conveniently fixed in freely lowered hands.

Handles must be comfortable. More often they are plastic or rubberized, but for people with high sweating of palms, you need to take care of models with handrails from porous materials in advance. For patients suffering from arthritis, there are options with thickened handles.

Large wheels of roller will be better cope with an uneven road. The presence of depreciation in road models will soften the impact on the hands. For movement in the conditions of the room there will be enough small wheels. Their blocking must have and secure reliable fixation.

The technological load on the frame may correspond to the patient's weight with a minor safety margin.

Sweden is the most visited country of Scandinavia, which is why the country's transport infrastructure is very good here. There are many roads and high-quality roads in the country. Local authorities are constantly expanding the junction, since traffic jams are formed in many major cities. At the moment, the length of the motorways is 600,000 kilometers. In cities a good network of public transport. In addition to buses, trams and trolleybuses also go to large cities. Tickets can be purchased in newsstands or directly from drivers when landing, the fare is quite accessible, and children under three can travel for free. The bus network has more than 450 routes, so you can easily get to any corner of the kingdom. Buses walk strictly on schedule. There is a metro in Stockholm, which has four branches.

In Sweden, there are many taxi enterprises. For a kilometer of the mileage, 8-10 SEK takes, and for landing 20-25 SEK. But there are company carriers with a fixed price. On weekends, and festive days taxi prices are higher than on weekdays. The country and the network of air traffic is developed, about 45 air harbors are available to the traveler. The largest airport is located in Stockholm, it has five comfortable terminals, where the traveler can find absolutely everything he needs. The largest airline is "Scandinavian Airlines". It is worth noting that in Sweden is gaining popularity of cycling. In major cities, there are branched networks of cycles. A tourist can take two-wheeled transport at any rental point, and even at some airports.

Available to tourists and railway network. The first railway was built in a thousand eight hundred fifty-fifth year. There are six railway lines, and they all belong to the state. Trains of the internal movement at a certain period of the year provide a preferential passage. And if you buy a card Scan Rail Pass, it will travel throughout the country for free, five, ten and thirty days. In addition, this ticket gives a discount for accommodation at the hotel and even for travel on the ferry. From Sweden you can move on water transport. It runs through the Baltic, and North Seas. Trips are carried out by large car ferries. They are departed in the evening and come to the capital only in the morning. Car ferries offer good food, entertainment, and an interesting cultural program. In the midst of the tourist season, large cruise liners are transported, as well as small yachts.

The largest airports and airports

Sweden is an economically developed country. That is why the transport infrastructure is at a fairly high level. Especially great distribution received air networks. In modern times, more than one and a half hundred airports of various purposes work in Sweden, most of them are focused on working with international airlines. The most status and overall airport in Sweden is the Arlanda. This aircraft was assigned the status of the country's main airport. Another 35 years ago, the airport received only flights from other countries, however, with time, its territory was expanded, thereby dealing with domestic flights. Located airport less than 40 kilometers from the capital of Sweden. On the territory of this air harbor are all the necessary amenities for a comfortable stay of passengers before flying. The throughput of this airport exceeds the figure in a million people per year. Copyright www.Syt.

In ten kilometers from Stockholm in the Western direction is Bromma Airport. It is intended for both internal air transport and international. You can get to the nearby settlement using buses or taxis. Also near the airport there is an underground message with the city. If desired, right at the airport, you can rent a car of famous brands. It is this airport that is famous for its exquisite infrastructure. Here, shopping lovers will delight the amazing stores of famous brands, and auto industry connoisseurs will be able to purchase various parts for their car in a specialized store. Gourmet will be ashamed to be appreciated by the delights of local and European cuisine in low-cost cafes and fashionable restaurants, and bars and snack bars are also on site. At the airport, you can find comfortable areas of recreation, halls for business negotiations and conferences, mother and child room, ATMs, currency exchange points, and local and international banks.

Does not lag in terms of passenger transportation and heteborg airport. It is located just twenty kilometers from the capital of the country and is also international. To date, two terminals function on its territory. Airport infrastructure is well developed, there are several public catering establishments of various price categories, shops, colorful shops with local souvenirs, a lounge, as well as a small hotel. The next, equally important airport is the air harbor of the Skavst. The throughput of this airport is also about a million passengers per year. At the same time, at the height of the tourist season, the airport begins to take seasonal charter flights. One of the most famous international airports of Sweden is also considered an air harbor Malmo. To date, the airport is equipped with only one terminal, however, it does not interfere with the air port to serve about 800,000 customers annually. As a rule, flights from Eastern Europe are launched at this airport.

Railway, bus service, water and other transport

Sweden has one of the most developed transport infrastructures on the territory of all modern Europe. The extensive network of roads and high-class road surfaces allows you to comfortably move around the country by car, own or rented. In order to take rental transport, it will be necessary to provide international rights, as well as a calculation card. Using seat belts is a mandatory event. It is necessary to move with the inclied headlights. Movement speed outside the city is 90 km / h, and within the settlement of 50 km / h, in areas of schools and other social institutions 30km / hour.

It is worth noting that there are quite difficult in the country with parking places, they lack them in large cities. Although, at the entrance to the city you can meet special scoreboards with free parking spaces. Parking cost is eight ten crowns per hour. Parking near the pedestrian zone is prohibited. An alternative to the car can be a bike, especially if there are no long-distance travel. In all areas there are excellent cycling paths with high-quality coating. Public transport is well developed both in large cities and provinces. As a rule, the main types of public transport are buses, trams and metro. Tickets can be purchased in any newsstand, in nearby stores or directly from the driver.

It is worth noting that buses are chosen not only for intracity movement, but also for a long-distance message. There is a modern metro in Stockholm, which today has four branches. All of them intersect in the center, so tourists will be very convenient to move around the city with the help of underground transport. Trains go quite often, starting from 5:00 am and ending in full swing. Each station has sufficiently available and systematized pointers that will not allow tourists to get lost. Also, tourists are envisaged to purchase special, so-called Stockholm cards, which not only give right to ride a subway, but also to visit for free more than eight dozen museums, as well as to visit various cultural events.

Due to the fact that the territory of Sweden is quite extended, an aviation message is well developed in the country. Today in the country has more than one and a half hundred airports, international and internal purposes, including charter and seasonal harbor. The railway transportation system in the country is also quite high. All trains are divided into wagons of the first and second class, while transport is in excellent good condition. Cars clean and cozy, quite high-class service is available. Also, if the trip provides for a journey at night, the passengers will be asked to acquire sleeping places in the appropriate wagons. A water communication is also well developed in the country, which is mostly represented by ferries, plying not only along the coastal territory of Sweden, but also between neighboring countries.