Pillows (support) for the engine are special devices that support the power unit and are intended to increase the string of its service. Simply put, pillows are elements that do not give the engine to hang out in different directions.
Imagine such a situation, you started the engine, and it grows, it will grumble and makes very strange sounds, which are not what you annoy you, you can say remove from equilibrium. When driving, sounds are increasing, and you begin to understand that something with your machine is not so.
It's all to blame the engine pillows. If they fail, your engine is most likely just poorly fixed and sat down while driving under the hood. Yes, it is rudely speaking, but quite understandable and clear.
What is these the most "pillows"? These are supports, designed for the correct and persistent maintenance of the engine of your car. The failure of at least one pillow has a very negative impact on the work of the entire engine and the car driving. The trip will be very noisy, and if the engine contact with the body will be hard, then soon you will be the owner of the scrap metal.
In this case, if you heard sounds similar to the breakdown of the pillows, you need to urgently go to the service center, where you need to show the car to the masters that will serve your car, determine which cushions have broken, whether there are cracks and much more, and after will hold Repair and get rid of you from many problems in the future.
How to change the pillows (support) of the engine
Check the integrity of the supports you can and yourself. First you need to open the hood, start the engine of the car and put your car on. After that, try to move from place at least a couple of centimeters.
Oh yes, I forgot to say, seek help to another person who will be watching the engine under the hood at this time. You yourself do not define. If your assistant says that the engine is walking, and maybe beats about the hood, then it is definitely evidence that the engine supports are broken or almost broken. You need to urgently change.
Now let's talk about the price of the engine support. It all depends on what car you have. If he is expensive and new, where every detail is a bunch of money, then you should disappear, the replacement of the pillow is not cheap. If you have a supported car, which is already 5-10 years old, then the average cost of pillows will be 70-100 US dollars per piece.
And remember if you want to drive a long time on your car and not to know any problems, then you should treat it carefully, especially if you do not want to change the engine supports.
It is better to get better smoothly, you should not ride on the aums and humps, and accelerate on the killed road and follow the principle :, more speed, less than the holes are categorically prohibited. Good luck to you on the road and as few problems as possible with your car.
Engine support (engine cushion) is intended to reduce vibratory loads and oscillatory movements in the subcontrol space, as well as minimize the transmission of such loads on the body of the vehicle.
In other words, the engine is attached to the carrier elements of the car body not directly, and with the help of special supports, which are also called pillows.
If simple, the engine cushion is a gasket between the engine and the body. Naturally, any problems that are associated with motor pillows lead to the fact that the efficiency of the engine supports is dropped and strong discomfort occurs. Also, for a number of reasons, the operation of the vehicle may be complicated.
Read in this article
Engine Pillow: What does it affect and how it works
On different domestic and foreign cars until the 80s, the engine's support was actually dense tires, which was screwed to the engine and the body. This decision was used everywhere on cars, which at the time were overwhelmingly with rear-wheel drive. At the same time, simple supports coped well with their tasks.
However, further the body became easier, the thickness of the steel decreased, the requirements for passive safety, etc. changed. As a result, the pillow turned into a more complex piece of metal and rubber. In the elite models of the car, hydraulic supports of the engine appeared, which are able to provide maximum comfort compared to other analogs.
So, the engine of a modern passenger car with an end wheel drive is often attached to 4 or 5 supports. As a rule, two pillows are located on the checkpoint, the rest are attached to the power unit. The engine itself and the box have a rigid connection.
As for the FROS, it is customary to highlight the right pillow, as well as the front and rear. The right airbag is fixed on the front right side member. Such a support is located on top. The front engine cushion is often attached to the front beam, located below. The rear pillow is also at the bottom, can be attached to the bottom or to the subframe. By the way, on many models, the rear support is constructively absent.
If we talk about the design, the rubberometallic supports of the engine may differ in the form and materials of the manufacture, however, the metal cylinder is often based on the basis, which is pressed by the silent block.
The main task is reliable, but not tough fixation of the internal combustion engine, while the pillow simultaneously absorbs vibration and extinguishes the resulting oscillations. As a result, the controllability of the vehicle is improved, the engine itself is less vibrating loaded, hinged equipment suffers from vibrations to a lesser extent, the oscillations are not very transmitted to the car body, etc.
Torn engine pillow: signs
Like any other item, the power supply support also has a limited service life and eventually fails. On average, the pillows on modern cars are designed for at least 100-120 thousand km, although in practice these elements may need to be replaced both earlier and much later than this period.
Usually, the cause of problems becomes a rubber insert, which simply cracks and robbles from the load. Less frequently cracks appear in the metal part of the support, the installation sites of fasteners are broken, etc.
One way or another, such symptoms are usually indicated for malfunction of the motor:
- The engine itself works exactly, but the driver feels an obvious gain of vibrations on the body, on the steering wheel, on the handle of the gearbox, etc.;
- At the time of the start of movement from the place, as well as during braking, you can hear snapshots or muffled knocks in the pumproom;
- When driving on an uneven road, you can hear the front of the car, such blows in many cases are felt on the gearbox lever, shifting gears on the "mechanics" at this moment may be difficult to be difficult;
Engine support - Fastening device, with which the power unit is mounted on the car. In addition to the fastener function, performs the function of the pillow. According to this support, often referred to engine pillow, and in an English version sounds like Engine Mount. Also, depending on the design, the support can be called a "guitar", since the form resembles this musical instrument.
As a rule, not one is used, but several (most often three) supports. Their task is to absorb the vibrations of the working motor and holding it in the maximum static position. Since the work will definitely vibrate, and this fact does not depend on the degree of its capacity and perfection. The engine mounts on the support pillow allows not only to increase the comfort of driving, but also protect the power unit from shocks and jolts when moving around irregularities.
Initially, the supports were simple metal fasteners that attract the engine to the supporting structure are rigidly. In fact, only the engine support bracket in a modern understanding was used. Then rubber pillows were added to the mechanism, increasing the elasticity of the attachment, thanks to which it was possible to provide a more elastic suspension of the motor. Such a rubberometallic engine support is widely used today.
Where is the engine support
Many auto owners do not even know what the supports look like that where they are. Since if you do not climb under the car, the supporting pillows are hidden from the eyes, it is clearly clear from the podkapot. Installation sites and the number of points of supports for the engine on the car body depends on the type and location under the hood of the motor and gearbox, as well as the brand itself. The main task of the mounting is the reliability and minimum shifts on the sides during operation. The classic engine installation scheme on the supports in 3-points from the bottom and 2-points on top. By the way, not only the engine car mounted on such a pillow, and the gearbox is also attached to rubber-metal supports. Therefore, it is necessary to clearly separate where the engine, and where is the box.
Types of support
Contemporary engine fastening support may be rubberometallic or hydraulic.
Rubberometallic supports are extremely simple: a pair of steel or other metal plates with not too thick with a gasket made of good wear-resistant rubber. This is the cheapest and most popular engine pillow. In some models in the pillows, the springs that increase rigidity and buffers are additionally mounted, allowing you to slightly soften the strongest blows. Increasingly, new cars are made with polyurethane pillows, due to its greater wear resistance. It is the polyurethane jet support pillow in sports cars, as it improves to optimize rigidity. Rubberometallic engine mounting cushion can be collapsible or unintended.
Engine hydroat device.
The hydraulic engine support is considered a much more modern design. Such systems are able to adapt to the operation of the engine in various conditions and most effectively extinguish any vibration. The engine support pillow is also made of the three main elements, but here it is a pair of cameras between which the membrane is located. Each of the chambers is filled with antifreeze or hydraulic fluid. The problem of the movable membrane is to eliminate a minor vibration arising at idle and small move along a flat road. High-speed vibrations are eliminated by hydraulic fluid. Under the influence of changing pressure, it moves between the chambers, increasing the rigidity of the support, which allows you to extinguish even the strongest vibrations.
Hydraulic engine pillow In contrast to the rhine metal support, it can have a different design. The following types of engine supports are currently distributed:
- mechanically controlled supports that are able to very effectively extinguish one of the types of vibrations (idling, high-speed, strong shocks), so for each car model they are configured in different ways;
- electronics controlled supports that are mainly mounted on expensive cars, but are able to automatically change stiffness characteristics to effectively counter all types of working vibrations;
- dynamic supports based on the use of magnetic metallized fluid changing viscosity under the influence of a magnetic field, which in turn is controlled by automotive electronics, due to which the adaptability of the supports of the supports is achieved.
However, only the mounting support of the first type engine can be considered widespread, since the rest are too complex and expensive for use on truly mass cars.
Features of operation
If an excessive engine vibration occurs, check the integrity of the engine support pillow.
The engine cushion is a detail susceptible to wear, as it always works when the motor is running. The highest test for the support is the start of the engine, starting from the place, as well as the stop of the car. At such moments, the load on the support is the largest. Worn or breakage of this part leads to an increase in the engine load and increase the probability of its breakdown.
Cracks and gusts on the supporting pillow are visible if it is specially to produce a planned inspection, but such symptoms are like an increased vibration with an impact in the steering wheel when the engine is running or shifting the shifts with the shocks, and if the cushion is extended to be the trigger. Then there are obvious facts on the face, you need to buy a set of new supports and start a replacement.
The appearance of cracks or detachment of the rubber part of the support from the metal is a significant argument for replacement.
Having at hand a set of keys, a jack and a viewing pit can be changed in principle and independently without special skills, although there are cases where the procedure for replacing the engine support is a very busy business.
Monitor the state of rubberometallic supports is easy: you just need to check the integrity of the rubber gasket and regularly remove dirt and oil from it, tighten the fastening bolts.
On average engine support serves about 100 thousand km of mileage. But proper care allows the layer of operation strings, and not only for the fasteners themselves, but also the state of the motor as a whole.
If the car is equipped with hydraulic supports, for their testing it is necessary to open the hood and start the engine. Next, you need to drive a couple of centimeters back and forth. If something is wrong with the supports, the engine will shift from the place when starting and returns to the place when stopping, which will be accompanied by well-hearing sounds.
Not depending on which the supporting pillows keep the engine on your car, the tip for all is common. It is not necessary to sharply shop, thereby giving the maximum load on the supports, crossed potholes and humps at no high speeds, so that the engine fluctuations were minimal, and therefore vibrations need to absorb the engine supports will not be significant.
And the gearbox is the two most important aggregates in the car. In the absence or non-working state, at least one of them is no longer possible to make a full-fledged movement on the vehicle. In each car, the engine and transmission are fixed in the engine compartment on special supports that do not give them to swing and deform.
Support DVS is a special rubberometallic knot, which, despite its simple design, plays a significant role in the car. What is noteworthy, this mechanism performs several very contradictory characteristics at once. On the one hand, the engine's support as hard as possible fixes the power to the vehicle body, and on the other, it softens the transmission of motor vibrations to other parts. Thus, this device does not allow the unit to move and at the same time prevents the transmission of vibrations that are created during its operation.
In order for the power unit does not move from fasteners, the engine support should be the most durable and wear-resistant. For this, the basis of this mechanism is the metal structure, on the outside of which there are rubber pillows. They reduce all the vibrations, as well as impress the engine at the car by road at irregularities.
Support should be made according to special requirements, calculated only on factory equipment. So the motor does not move
in the longitudinal and transverse direction, the manufacturer's plant carefully controls the properties of the rubber cushion and its metal base. Ideally, this item should not be highly soft, since with excessive depreciation the unit is strongly swinging, which entails a reduction in car handling and large on leading wheels. When driving at irregularities, such an engine support also provokes involuntary shutdown.
Now almost all modern cars are equipped with gel or hydraulic supports. In the upper part of such parts there is an oil liquid. The latter reduces the vibration and performs the function of the shock absorber.
As for the service life, the regular engine support may be overlooking about 50 thousand kilometers. After reaching
Any engine vibrates while working. This is explained by the fact that, depending, the engine design can be balanced to a greater or lesser extent, but the full balance is almost impossible to achieve. The noise and vibration are transmitted to the salon and on the car body and cause a feeling of discomfort from the driver.
To combat this phenomenon, the engine suspension system was invented. Its key details are supports that are often called engine pillows. The support is a buffer installed at the mounting points between the engine and the frame, the subframe or the car body. They absorb the vibration of the engine and hold it in a relatively static position. The engine, in turn, is protected from sharp jolts and shocks.
Engine support history
For the first time, he seriously thought about the need to reduce the vibration of the body Walter Chrysler, the founder. He instructed this task to the leading engineer Frederick Zeder, who put forward a proposal to install between the engine and the gasket of rubber. This concept was implemented in the satellite brand Plymouth, which was included in the group of companies Walter Chrysler.
Places of installation of support
The number of reference points depends on and calculating the team of engineers of a particular manufacturer, so the supports may be four, five or more. The main criterion when choosing points is the reliability of the attachment and the low probability of engine displacement to the side. Most often, the engine assembled into a shared block with a gearbox is attached in three or four points below and in two or three above.
Types of supports, their advantages and disadvantages
In modern cars, supports of two main species are rubberometallic and hydraulic.
Rubberometallic supports
The design of the rubberometallic support is simple - the lower supports are two metal plates and a rubber cushion between them. Upper supports resemble short with silent blocks. One side of the "lever" is attached using a through bolt to the bracket on the body, the other to the bracket, screwed to the cylinder block. This kind of supports found the greatest distribution due to the reliability and cheapness in production.
The technology of reducing vibration on the body, invented by the engineers of Chrysler was called Floating Power
In some structures, the lower support pillows are reinforced with springs to impart stiffness and increase elasticity. Instead of rubber, some manufacturers use polyurethane - like a more wear-resistant material. Also, pillows using polyurethane are often used on sports cars ,. In connection with fashion on tuning, some small firms have established the production of polyurethane supports for all more or less actual car models. Rubberometallic and polyurethane supports are also classified by collapsible and unintended design.
Hydraulic supports
Hydraulic supports are a more progressive mechanism. Such supports can adapt to different engine speeds and effectively extinguish vibrations at small and high speeds. Supports consist of two cameras, with a membrane between them. The chambers are filled with propylene glycol (antifreeze) or by a special hydraulic fluid.
For an additional decrease in vibration in business-class cars, supports are used not only for fastening the engine to the subframe, but also a subframe to the body, forming double defense
The movable membrane quit oscillations on the engine. At high speeds or during an uneven road, hydraulic fluid turns into operation. Under pressure, through special channels it flows from one camera to another, making support with rigid. Rigid support extinguishes strong vibrations.
Hydrooporas can be:
- With mechanical control. The design of such supports is calculated specifically for each car model. Already at the stage of developing a vehicle model, the question is solved: what kind of support will be the main - comfortable noise insulation at idle or effective damping of vibrations at speed;
- With electronic control. Such supports are capable of reacting to changes in the engine vibration mode in broader limits; The rigidity of the support is changed by electronics depending on the road situation. These are the supports of the new generation, which are able to provide the same comfort when working in different modes.
Technological progress in creating engine support
It is worth identifying the so-called dynamic supports, in which the liquid with magnetic properties (with metal particles) is used, changing viscosity under the action of a magnetic field. Electronic sensors are followed by turns and accelerations. Depending on the style of driving and the state of the road surface under the influence of electromagnets, the liquid changes the properties, adjusting the rigidity of the supports.
The average "service life" of rubberometallic engine supports exceeds 100 thousand kilometers
From an electronically controlled hydropor, dynamic supports are distinguished by a unique electromagnetic system. This is a relatively new invention of the American company Delphi. Advanced technology has already found practical application in serial vehicles: it has been adapted for the GT3 sports version of Porsche in 2011.
Operation and replacement
Wearing and destruction of the supports may entail an excessive load on the engine. It can quickly lead to malfunctions in his work. Therefore, the state of the supports and fasteners must be periodically monitored. Checking tightening nuts and bolts, removal of oil and dirt with rubber pillows - all these simple actions help extend the service life of the supports. Often, the unusual vibration of the body indicates for problems in supporting (which is especially felt when the parkingon is pressed in the car C), as well as extraneous noise in the engine area.
Checking the state of support
Status engine support is easy. Try successively switching the operation of the automatic transmission (or transmission of the manual transmission) with D (1st transmission) on R (reverse). Switching transfers, each time move a few centimeters back and forth. If the supports are in a bad condition, you will feel the jerk in the transmission, regardless of the type of gearbox (and in the manual transmission car also on the box control lever). In addition, the failure of the support may be the cause of jerks in the transmission when driving at high speed and transmissions. Often, car enthusiasts tend to attribute these jerks, but before you go to the diagnostics of the box, the state of the supports should be checked.
Supports must be replaced if there are visible cracks and severe damage to rubber parts when inspected from the pit or they separated from the metal base. The leakage of the hydraulic fluid also serves as a reason for the immediate replacement of the supports.
