Foreign analogue of auto gas 33081. Cargo "Sadko" - a descendant of the legendary "Shishiga

Automobiles GAZ-3309, 3308, GAZ-33081 Sadko are equipped with three braking systems:

A worker acting on the brakes of all wheels of the car;

Spare, which is part of the service brake system and acts on the brakes of the front or rear wheels;

Parking, acting on the brakes of the rear wheels.

The brake systems of GAZ-3308, GAZ-3309, 33081 vehicles include:

Monitoring the level of brake fluid in the supply tank of the master cylinder of the brakes, for which a float sensor for an emergency drop in the level of the brake fluid is installed in the tank;

Control over the degree of pumping of the hydraulic drive;
- control over the wear of wheel brake linings through two holes in the brake shields, closed with removable plugs;

Pressure control in the pneumatic part of the brake drive, for which pressure sensors are installed in the air cylinders, and pressure gauges on the instrument panel;
- a system that notifies the driver about the activation of the parking brake system;

Sound system that notifies the driver of an emergency drop in air pressure in the pneumatic drive.

The service brake system GAZ-3309, 3308, 33081 is made with separate braking of the axles (with two independent circuits), with each circuit acting as a spare brake system.

A schematic diagram of the service brake system is shown in Fig. 1.

Brake control includes wheel brakes and their drive. The drive includes a two-section brake valve, ABS modulators, pneumatic boosters with master brake cylinders, air cylinders with check valves, an air dryer, a compressor, as well as hydraulic and air pipes that functionally connect these units.

Figure: 1. Schematic diagram of the brake system GAZ-33081, 3308, 3309

1 - compressor; 2 - air dryer; 3 - regeneration air cylinder; 4 - check valve; 5 - air pressure drop sensor; 6 - air balloon; 7 - condensate drain valve; 8 - two-section brake valve with a lever; 9- lever of the parking brake system (STS); 10 - ABS rotation speed sensor; 11 - ABS rotor; 12 - electric pressure gauge; 13 - buzzer; 14-indicator of emergency piston stroke and drop in brake fluid level; 15 - ABS warning device; 16 - STS activation indicator; 17 - two-section tank; 18 - pneumatic booster with a master cylinder; 19 - filter; 20 - emergency piston stroke sensor; 21 - control output valve; 22- ABS modulator; 23 - ABS control unit; 24 - sensor for turning on the STOP signal; 25 - pressure gauge sensor; 26 - signal lamp "STOP"; 27 - sensor for falling brake fluid level; 28 - silencer; 29 - STS activation indicator sensor

The working brake system of the GAZ-3309, 3308, 33081 must ensure effective braking of the car without skidding and loss of control.

The braking distance of a vehicle at full load, moving at a speed of 60 km / h on a flat section of a dry road, with full depressing of the brake pedal, should not exceed 36.7 m.

The spare braking system must provide a stopping distance of not more than 51 m under the conditions described in the requirements for the service braking system.

The brake mechanisms of the front and rear wheels of GAZ-3309, 3308, 33081 Sadko are identical in design and differ in the dimension of a number of incoming parts. The brakes of the front wheels are equipped with cylinders with pistons 35 mm in diameter and 80 mm wide linings.

The brakes of the rear wheels have cylinders with pistons with a diameter of 38 mm and linings with a width of 100 mm, as well as additional parts for the drive of the parking brake system. The wheel brake device is shown in Fig. 2.

The shoes are fixed relative to the brake drum by means of eccentric bearing pins 12. Each shoe is fixed independently of the other.

Figure: 2. Wheel brake mechanism GAZ-3309, 33081, 3308

1 - brake shoe; 2 - protective cap; 3 - cylinder body; 4 - a piston with a sleeve and a rod; 5 - cuff; 6 - driven piston; 7 - clamping spring of the pads; 8 - the guide bracket of the pads; 9 - brake shield; 10 - spring washer; 11 - nut; 12 - eccentric pin of the brake shoe; 13 - bushings of eccentric fingers; 14 - plate of eccentric fingers; 15 - tags; 16 - inspection hatch

On the outer end of each support pin, a mark is made (recess with a diameter of 2 mm), showing the position of the greatest eccentricity of the adjusting pin.

With the correct installation of the pads, when the friction linings and the brake drum are not worn, the marks 15 should be facing one another, as shown in Fig. 2, or with a deviation from this position within 40 °.

Wheel brake cylinders GAZ-3308, 3309, 33081 have a device that automatically maintains the required clearance between the friction pad and the drum. No special adjustment is required during operation.

The compressor of the car is a piston type, single-cylinder, air-cooled.

Figure: 3. Compressor of the car GAZ-3309, 3308, 33081 Sadko

1 - crankshaft; 2 - crankcase; 3 - connecting rod; 4 - cylinder; 5 - inlet valve; 6 - discharge valve; 7 - cylinder head; 8 - valve plate; 9 - piston pin; 10 - retaining ring; 11 - piston; 12 - cover; 13 - spring; 14-sleeve; 15 - pin; 16 - axis; 17 - gear

Air from the engine intake manifold enters the compressor cylinder through an intake plate valve. The compressed air is forced into the pneumatic system through a plate discharge valve. Compressor lubrication is from the engine lubrication system. The compressor is driven by a belt.

The compressor (Fig. 3) is a piston-type, single-cylinder, air-cooled, with a gear drive.

Disassembly of the GAZ-3309, 3308, 33081 compressor

Disconnect the air bleed pipe from the compressor.
- Disconnect the air supply hose to the compressor and disconnect the oil supply hose.

After unscrewing the bolt securing the hose coupling, remove the gaskets.
- Unscrew three nuts and one bolt securing the compressor to the engine and remove the compressor.

Place the compressor on a workbench and remove the connecting rod cover by unscrewing the two nuts.
- Fasten the compressor vertically in a vise at the crankcase 2 (see Fig. 3).

Unscrew the four nuts of the tie rods, remove the head 7, the valve plate 8 and the cylinder 4 from the crankcase 2.
- Remove the inlet and outlet valve plate valves.

Remove connecting rod 3 with piston from cylinder
- Compress and remove circlip 10 and piston pin 9 from the piston.

Remove piston rings.
- Unscrew the fastening bolts and remove the side cover 12;

Remove bushing 14, spring 13 and crankshaft 1 with bearings.
- Press out the pin 15 and remove the axle 16, holding the drive gear 17 from falling.

Two-section brake valve GAZ-3309, 3308, 33081 Sadko

The two-section brake valve GAZ-3308, 3309, 33081 (Fig. 4) is designed to control pneumatic boosters of the vehicle's working brake system. The brake valve has two independent sections, located in series and fed from separate circuits. Valves of the crane are flat, single, rubber.

Fig. 4. Two-section brake valve GAZ-3309, GAZ-3308, 33081 with a lever

V1, V2, Z1, Z2 - conclusions; 1 - lever: 2 - roller; 3 - elastic element; 4 - base plate; 5 - upper piston; 6 - upper body; 7 - large piston; 8 - small piston; 9 - lower body; 10 - outlet valve; 11, 13, 14, 16 - springs; 12 - valve of the lower section; 15 - valve of the upper section; 17 - plate; 18 - hairpin; 19 - pusher; 20 - roller axis; 21 - cover; 22 - lever

The connection points of the pipelines are marked with two numbers: terminals "11" and "12" (in the figure - VI and V2) are connected to air cylinders, terminals "21" and "22" (in the figure - Z1 and Z2) - with pneumatic brake boosters through ABS modulators.

In the initial position (brake pedal released) terminals Z1 and Z2 are connected to atmosphere, and the valves disconnect terminals V1 and V2 from terminals Z1 and Z2.

When you press the brake pedal, the terminals Z1 and Z2 are disconnected from the atmosphere, the valves of the upper and lower sections open. Compressed air flows from terminals VI and V2 to terminals Z1 and Z2, respectively.

If the upper section of the brake valve fails to work, the lower section is controlled: mechanically through the pin and the pusher of the small piston, fully maintaining its functionality.

Three modulators are installed on the car, which function as air pressure relief valves in pneumatic boosters when a signal is received from the ABS control unit about reaching a critical value of the braking force on the wheels, which can cause them to block.

The pneumatic brake booster GAZ-33081, 3308, 3309 (Fig. 5) is connected to the main brake cylinder and is designed to create the required fluid pressure with compressed air in the hydraulic part of the drive of each circuit.

In the front wall of the air booster housing, there is a push rod for the emergency stroke of the piston and the sensor itself.

Figure: 5. Pneumatic brake booster GAZ-3309, 3308, 33081 with a master brake cylinder

1 - plate; 2 - overpressure valve; 3 - spring; 4 - cuff; 5 - thrust rod; 6 - a sealing end ring; 7 - pusher; 8 - a sealing ring; 9 - pneumatic booster housing; 10 - clamp; 11 - cover; 12 - membrane; 13 - emergency piston stroke sensor; 14 - pusher; 15-piston; 16 - stop bolt; 17 - master cylinder crankcase; 18 - piston head; 19 - spring

The sensor of each circuit is triggered when the pusher travels 29.7-32.3 mm in case of depressurization of the hydraulic brake line, in the presence of air in the hydraulic brake drive and in case of heavy wear of the brake linings. In this case, the service brakes malfunction indicator comes on in the instrument cluster.

When braking, compressed air from a two-section brake valve GAZ-3309, 3308, 33081 Sadko enters through the union in the cover to the pneumatic booster membrane. Under air pressure, the membrane moves the rod, which through the pusher acts on the piston of the main brake cylinder, displacing the brake fluid into the hydraulic line.

When braking, air from the pneumatic booster is released into the atmosphere through a two-section brake valve. The pneumatic booster stem is returned to its original position by the spring. To clean the atmospheric air entering the pneumatic amplifier when the rod is returned, a filter is screwed into each amplifier.

The control output valves are located at the inlet to the ABS modulators and are designed to connect instrumentation to them when checking the compressed air pressure. To connect to the valve, it is necessary to use a hose and measuring devices with M1bx1.5 union nuts.

Check valves are installed on air cylinders with a volume of 20 liters and are designed to maintain air pressure in the air circuits in the event of a drop in air pressure in the supply line.

The main brake cylinder GAZ-33081, 3309, 3308

The main brake cylinder GAZ-3309, GAZ-3308, 33081 Sadko (see Fig. 5) is connected to the pneumatic booster by three pins. A pneumatic booster is installed with a master cylinder on the frame.

Three unified master cylinders are used in the brake drive: one in the hydraulic drive to the front brakes, and two to the rear.

The cylinder body 17 contains a piston 15 with a head 18 and an overpressure valve 2. The head is held on the piston by means of a thrust rod 5, which is pressed into the piston. A sealing end ring b and a cuff 4 are installed on the head, and an sealing ring 8 on the piston.

The head is pressed against the piston by the spring 3, and the piston assembly with the head and seals is pressed against the thrust bolt 16 by the return spring 19. The maximum piston stroke is 38 mm.

The main brake cylinder is connected to the supply tank through an adapter fitting and pipelines. In the released position, the piston 15 of the master cylinder through the head 18 abuts against the bolt 16, as a result of which a gap is formed between the piston and the head for the passage of liquid from the reservoir into the working cavity of the cylinder.

When braking, the pusher 7 of the pneumatic booster moves the piston 15. In this case, the head 18 under the action of the spring 3 is pressed through the O-ring 6 to the piston, separating the liquid in the tank from the liquid in the working cavity of the cylinder.

When the piston moves, the fluid from the working cavity of the main brake cylinder GAZ-3309, 3308, 33081 Sadko passes through the holes in the plate 1 of the overpressure valve 2 and, pressing the rubber belt of the valve from the plate, enters the pipeline leading to the wheel cylinders.

When released, the piston 15 under the action of the return spring 19 moves to its original position until the head 18 stops in the bolt 16. If the brake pedal is released abruptly, the piston of the master cylinder of the brakes returns faster than the liquid from the wheel cylinders.

In this case, a vacuum is created in the working cavity of the master cylinder, under the action of which the head moves away from the piston, forming an end gap, and the fluid from the reservoir fills the working cavity of the cylinder.

When the piston rests on the bolt 16, the excess fluid through the end gap returns back to the master cylinder reservoir. The system is released and is ready for subsequent braking.

Anti-lock braking system (ABS) of cars GAZ-3309, GAZ-3308, 33081 Sadko

GAZ-3308, 3309, 33081 cars are equipped with anti-lock braking system (ABS) brakes. ABS is effective in emergency braking on roads with different surfaces (for example, asphalt-ice) and prevents the wheels from locking in less favorable conditions for traction (on ice), providing the minimum stopping distance of the car for a given road surface (ice) while maintaining its stability and manageability.

The ABS electrical part consists of 4 ABS sensors (in the wheel assemblies of the vehicle), 3 modulators (on pneumatic boosters), an ABS control unit (CU) (in the cab on the right sidewall), an ABS diagnostic button (in a combination of devices), an ABS fault indicator and a wiring harness ABS, connecting the sensors and modulators with the ABS control unit.

Two power circuits are connected to the control unit: for modulators through the 3rd 25 A fuse in the ABS fuse block and directly for the ABS control unit through the 1st 5 A fuse in the ABS fuse block.

The air dryer is powered through the 2nd 10A fuse. The ABS fuse box is located behind a plug located below the fuse block plug.

Fig. 6. Electrical diagram of the ABS of cars GAZ-3309, 3308, 33081

The ABS malfunction indicator comes on for a few seconds each time the ignition is switched on, and then goes out, which confirms that the ABS system is working properly.

Constant burning of the indicator or its lighting when the vehicle is moving indicates a malfunction of the ABS. The electrical diagram of the ABS is shown in Fig. 6 ..

Wheel brake cylinder GAZ-3309, 3308, GAZ-33081 Sadko

To remove the wheel cylinder of the GAZ-3309, 3309, 33081 brake, perform the following procedure:

Remove wheel and brake drum. Dissolve the brake pads by removing the clamping springs that tighten them;
- disconnect the hose or pipeline from the brake cylinder;

Remove the brake cylinder mounting bolts.

Dismantling the wheel brake cylinder

Remove the rubber protectors from the wheel cylinder, turn one of the pistons 90 ° and remove the pistons from the cylinder. Remove rubber protective covers and cuffs from pistons;
- unscrew the pumping valve from the cylinder;

Wash the wheel cylinder and its parts in pure isopropyl alcohol or brake fluid, then blow dry with compressed air.

Assembling the pneumatic brake booster GAZ-3309, 3308, 33081 Sadko

Rinse metal parts in kerosene and dry them.
- Lubricate the rubbing surfaces of the parts with a thin layer of Litol grease.

Assemble the pneumatic booster in the reverse order of disassembly.
- Measure the position of the pusher of the pneumatic brake booster with a vernier caliper.

Check the working cavity of the pneumatic amplifier for leaks by saponification, supplying compressed air to the fitting in the cover of the pneumatic amplifier, air leaks are not allowed.

Assembling the pneumatic brake booster GAZ-3309, 3308, 33081 with the master brake cylinder

The assembly order is as follows:

Before assembling, measure the depth of the recess in the piston of the main brake cylinder with a vernier caliper, determine the gap between the piston of the main brake cylinder and the pusher of the pneumatic brake booster, which should be within (1.5 ± 0.5) mm.

If necessary, adjust the position of the pneumatic booster rod pusher.
- Connect the master cylinder to the pneumatic booster, tightening torque of the nuts 2.4-3.6 kg / cm.

Install the modulator in the cover and the air filter on the housing.
- Fasten the brackets to the pneumatic booster-master cylinder-modulator module.

The most likely malfunctions of the brake master cylinder are wear of cuffs, rubber o-rings, pistons, piston heads, seizure and wear of the working surface.

Removing the main brake cylinder from the vehicle is carried out together with the pneumatic booster.

Service of brakes of cars GAZ-3309, 3308, GAZ-33081 Sadko

During operation, periodically check (daily maintenance) the level of the brake fluid in the supply tank, the tightness of the pneumatic and hydraulic parts of the brake drive, as well as the serviceability of the service brake system and the serviceability of the parking system.

When servicing the pneumatic part of the drive, it is necessary to monitor the tightness of the system as a whole and its individual elements.

Air leaks are detected by ear or soap emulsion. Air leaks in the joints are eliminated by tightening or replacing individual elements.

To ensure normal operation of the pneumatic drive, it is necessary to regularly replace the removable air dryer cartridge.

III - the ignition is turned off and, with the key removed, the anti-theft device is turned on.

The key can only be removed in position III.

To turn off the ignition, turn the key from the position to the fixed position 0. To prevent the failure of the contact part of the ignition switch, do not leave the key in the intermediate position.

To activate the anti-theft device in the parking lot, turn the key to position III and remove it, and then turn the steering wheel in either direction until you hear a click, which means that the anti-theft device locking rod has entered the groove of the steering wheel shaft and blocked the steering.

To turn off the anti-theft device, insert the key into the ignition switch and, slightly shaking the steering wheel to the right and left (to reduce friction when the locking rod comes out of the groove), turn the key to position 0.

Lever position diagram

A - turn on the front axle (I - on, II - off);

B - turning on the transfer case (I - direct gear is on, II - low gear is on);

C - five-speed gearbox;

D - four-speed transmission.

When reverse gear (R) is engaged, the reverse light comes on.

Parking brake

To brake the car, pull the lever up; in this case, if the ignition is turned on, the red indicator 9 on the instrument panel lights up (see the figure above). To return the lever to its original position, press the button on the end of the lever handle; when released, the indicator goes out.

Central light switch

The switch has three fixed positions:

0 - everything is off;

I - side light and license plate light are on;

II - side light, license plate lamp, dipped or main beam are on.

By turning the knob of the central light switch clockwise, the intensity of the illumination of the devices is adjusted.

Stopping the engine

For gradual and uniform cooling of the engine, before stopping the engine, let it run for one or two minutes at a low crankshaft speed, and then turn off the ignition. If the engine continues to run with the ignition off, depress the clutch and gently press the throttle pedal to the stop.

Car driving

While the vehicle is moving, it is necessary to follow the control devices and indicators for the coolant temperature, oil pressure, battery charging and tire pressure. The readings of the coolant temperature gauge, corresponding to the normal temperature of the engine, should be within 80-95 ° C.

To ensure the long-term operation of the gearbox when operating the car, it is imperative to observe the following rules, which achieve easy and silent gear shifting.

Carburetor adjustment and ignition installation must ensure stable engine operation at minimum idle speed.

The clutch actuator must be correctly adjusted. When the pedal is depressed, the clutch should not "drive".

All gear changes should be carried out by smooth movement of the lever only after the clutch is completely disengaged. It is not allowed to shift gears with an incompletely disengaged clutch, as well as the simultaneous operation of the pedal and the lever.

When starting off and from a standstill on a flat horizontal section of the road with a hard surface, you should move in first gear no more than three to five meters until a speed of 2-3 km / h is reached. At higher speeds, the engine will have a higher engine speed, which can cause a noisy second gear shift. Switching from the first gear to the second under the indicated conditions is made by smoothly shifting the lever with a shutter speed in the neutral position.

When driving on a difficult road or on an uphill, where the car quickly loses speed, it is necessary to accelerate in first gear to higher speeds, two to three times higher than indicated in paragraph 4. In these conditions, it is recommended to use double clutch release, that is, additional short-term engagement of the clutch when the lever is in neutral position.

Gear shifting from low to high is made by smooth movement of the lever, using double clutch release.

Shifting from high to low is done by smoothly shifting the lever, applying double clutch release with an intermediate increase in engine speed as follows: depress the clutch pedal, put the lever in neutral position, release the pedal, increase the engine speed, then quickly depress the pedal again and put the lever in the position of the included transfer, then smoothly release the pedal. The degree of increase in the speed of rotation with double clutch release is determined practically depending on the speed of the vehicle, by the ease of engagement and the absence of grinding of the gears engaged. Engage reverse gear only after the vehicle has come to a complete stop.It is not allowed to engage the clutch when the gear is not engaged.

The front axle should be engaged when driving on a difficult road (sand, mud, snowy road, ice, etc.). With direct gear engaged in the transfer case, the front axle can be switched on and off at any speed. It is necessary to disengage the clutch. Constant movement with the front axle engaged increases the wear of the vehicle's transmission, its tires and increases gas mileage. Therefore, when driving on a road with a hard surface, the front axle should be turned off, and the tire pressure of the wheels should be maintained at 340 kPa (3.5 kgf / cm 2) for the tires of the front wheels and 440 kPa (4.5 kgf / cm 2) for the tires rear wheels.

In difficult road conditions - on bumpy muddy dirt roads, swampy and sandy areas, virgin snow - you should use a tire pressure control system in accordance with the density of the soil of the covered section of the path.

The permissible vehicle speed with reduced tire pressure should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bindicated in the table.

Table of permissible travel speeds at reduced air pressure in tires
Types of roads	Permissible internal pressure in tires, kPa (kgf / cm 2)	Maximum permissible speed, km / h
Severe wetlands, snowy virgin lands and loose sands	90 (0,9) 170 (1,7) 300 (3,0)	30
Roads of all types, only during the period of tire inflation to the rated pressure after overcoming difficult sections of the road	more than 300 (3.0)

It is recommended to stop the vehicle during the tire inflation period with a minimum pressure of up to 300 kPa (3.0 kgm / cm 2).

With a decrease in the internal pressure in the tires, the area of \u200b\u200bcontact between the wheels and the road increases, and the specific pressure on the ground decreases.

It should be borne in mind that on slippery roads (icy or with a soggy thin surface layer on a hard dry base), a decrease in tire pressure does not give positive results, but, on the contrary, leads to skidding and sliding towards the roll and to wheel slip when overcoming an uphill.

In these cases, the maximum tire pressure according to the technical characteristics of the vehicle should be set.

It should be borne in mind that when driving with the front axle engaged on a serviceable car, increased transmission noise may be heard.

In particularly difficult conditions, it is necessary to engage the lowest gear in the transfer case. Engaging and disengaging gears (direct and low) should be done in advance, taking into account road conditions, with the clutch disengaged only after the vehicle has stopped completely or, if necessary, at a vehicle speed of up to 5 km / h, while the lower gear can only be engaged after engaging the front axle ...

Approaching a turn, you need to gradually and in advance reduce the speed of the movement, reducing the engine speed, and on sharp turns, switch to a lower gear.

Avoid heavy braking on sharp bends to avoid skidding.

On a slippery road, you need to turn on the front axle and drive at low speed, without drastically changing the engine speed. Brake smoothly, without disengaging the clutch, in several steps.

On a slippery road, with sharp braking with the clutch disengaged, drifts are possible and, as a result, accidents.

When a skid begins, stop braking and turn the wheels towards the skid. In case of skidding during engine braking on a slippery road, press the throttle pedal (thereby stopping engine braking) until the skid stops.

Driving a car on roads with steep ascents and descents requires increased attention and speed of action.

Steep climbs must be overcome in the lowest gear of the transfer case and in the first gear of the gearbox.

On the rise, you should move without stopping and, if possible, without turning.

If there is a convenient rise and a good road, short climbs (up to 15-20 m long) can be overcome from acceleration on the direct transfer of the transfer case.

As a rule, it is necessary to overcome inclines along a straight path, since overcoming obliquely, with a roll, reduces the maximum traction force.

If for some reason the rise cannot be overcome, all precautions must be taken, slowly go down, engaging reverse gear. You need to go down gradually, not allowing the vehicle to accelerate and not disengaging the clutch.

When overcoming a steep descent, all precautions must be taken to ensure the safety of the descent.

When switching to a long slope, the driver must evaluate its steepness and include those gears of the gearbox and transfer case, in which he would begin to overcome an uphill of such a steepness; in this case, do not turn off the engine, since on long descents, you must always use engine braking.

It is forbidden to drive the vehicle on roads with steep ascents and descents if the oil level in the engine crankcase is below mark II on the indicator (oil dipstick) by more than 5 mm.

Wetlands must be passed in second gear and with the lowest gear engaged in the transfer case. It is recommended to reduce the pressure in the tires of the car wheels to 90 - 170 kPa (0.9 - 1.7 kgf / cm 2).

When driving along a swampy area, it is necessary to maintain a steady speed of movement, and not allowing a decrease in speed, jerks, and even more stops. If you need to stop, then for this you need to select a hillock or a relatively dry area of \u200b\u200bthe terrain.

It is very difficult to resume movement after stopping in a swampy area, since driving on such a soil requires a large tractive effort, which causes the sod layer (top layer of soil) to break off and the car gets stuck.

It is necessary to start driving along a swampy area with the lowest gear engaged in the transfer case in the second gear of the gearbox, with careful slipping of the clutch, avoiding wheel slip. As soon as the wheels begin to slip, disengage the clutch and reverse gear immediately.If the slipping is repeated when reversing, you must immediately put brushwood, boards or other handy material under the wheels to increase the grip of the wheels and ensure the movement of the car. It is not recommended to make sharp or sharp turns. It is necessary to take into account the need to turn in advance and make it smoothly, with a large radius. Such a turn does not reduce the speed of the vehicle and eliminates the possibility of sod breaking, which is inevitable during a sharp turn.

When driving in a convoy, it is not necessary to follow the trail laid by the vehicle in front, but rather to lay a new track. After reaching dry and hard ground, you must immediately raise the air pressure in the tires of the wheels to the maximum according to the technical characteristics of the car.

The pressure is set depending on the density of the sand and the conditions of movement. When driving on sand, it is more profitable to use the highest gears possible with the front axle engaged, overcoming bumps and short sandy ups on the move.

In particularly difficult areas, when the speed drops, the wheels must not slip. When slipping begins, you need to squeeze the clutch, return the car to accelerate and try to overcome the difficult section on the move. It is necessary to observe the possible smoothness of movement, avoiding jerks and stops. Make turns smoothly, with a large radius.

Unlike the way of moving in a column through swampy areas, on the sand you need to follow the trail of the car in front at a distance of 40-50 meters. The distance is necessary so that the vehicle in front can back up and accelerate to overcome a difficult section on the move.

When driving on virgin snow with a cover depth (250 - 280 mm), it is possible not to reduce the tire pressure. The wheels, pushing through the layer of snow, will go on a solid foundation - frozen ground. With a significant thickness of snow cover (400 mm and more), it is recommended to reduce the tire pressure to 90 - 300 kPa (0.9 - 3.0 kgf / cm 2), depending on the density of the snow.

Moving through deep loose snow, you should follow the same driving techniques as when driving on sand - overcome bumps and short ups from acceleration, observe smooth movement in turns, keep the track of the vehicle in front and a distance of 40-50 meters.

When the car leaves the icy slopes, hills, etc., out of snow, it is imperative to increase the air pressure in the tires to the maximum according to the technical characteristics of the car.

Dirt roads on clay and chernozem soils, when the top layer of the soil is soaked, they pose a risk of skids and side sliding for the car. Traffic is especially difficult on dirty profiled roads. Driving on such roads, you should set the maximum tire pressure in accordance with the technical characteristics of the car, choose horizontal sections of the shoulder for movement, and also use the previously paved track or move carefully along the ridge of the road.

Overcoming the ford. The car is able to overcome fords up to 1 meter deep, taking into account the height of the waves and the current.

Immediately before crossing the ford, set the tire pressure according to the strength of the coastal soil. You should enter the ford carefully and not create a large wave in front of the car; when overcoming the ford, you should move in the first or second gear of the gearbox and in the lowest gear of the transfer case, avoiding maneuvering and sharp turns. When moving the ford, you must not stop, as the water will begin to wash out the soil from under the wheels, and they will sink deeper. The length of the ford, if the bottom is thoroughly explored and does not pose a danger of getting stuck, is limited by the time the car moves in the water, which should not exceed 20 minutes. The ford speed should be no more than 5 km / h.

After overcoming the ford, as soon as possible, but not later than on the same day, it is necessary to check the condition of the oil in all units by opening their drain plugs. If water is found in the oil of any unit, it is necessary to drain the oil from that unit. The presence of water in oil can be determined by a change in its color. All chassis grease fittings should also be lubricated before fresh grease is squeezed out.

Each time after leaving the ford, make several brakes with the service brake to dry the brake pads.

If, while fording, the car accidentally plunged to a depth of more than 1 meter, it is necessary to drain the sludge from the engine crankcase after leaving the water.

When stopping the engine while fording, it is allowed to make two or three attempts to start the engine with a starter. If the engine does not start, the vehicle must be immediately evacuated from the water using another vehicle's winch or other means.

If, when overcoming a ford, as a result of a car getting stuck, water enters the units, then you should not move on its own after removing the car from the water. In this case, it is necessary to tow the vehicle to the nearest point where maintenance can be performed, drain all grease from the units, flush them, inspect, eliminate malfunctions and fill with fresh grease.

After driving through liquid mud with a depth of 0.4 - 0.8 meters, it is also necessary to check the condition of the oil in the units.

When reversing and towing vehicle in difficult road conditions (arable land, sandy road, snowy virgin soil and track, steep climbs), it is recommended to engage the lower gear in the transfer case.

Schematic diagram of the brake system of the car GAZ-33088 (GAZ-33081)

- compressor;
- air dryer;
- regeneration air cylinder;
- check valve;
- air pressure drop sensor;
- air cylinder;
- condensate drain valve;
- two-section brake valve with a lever;
- lever of the parking brake system (STS);
- ABS speed sensor;
- ABS rotor;
- electric manometer;
- buzzer;
- indicator of emergency piston stroke and drop in brake fluid level;
- ABS warning device;
- STS activation indicator;
- two-section tank;
- pneumatic booster with a master cylinder;
- filter;
- emergency piston stroke sensor;
- control outlet valve;
- ABS modulator;
- ABS control unit;
- sensor for turning on the STOP signal;
- pressure gauge sensor;
- STOP signal lamp;
- sensor for falling brake fluid level;
- silencer;
- sensor of the STS activation indicator

Anti-lock braking system

Cars are equipped with anti-lock braking system (ABS). ABS is effective in emergency braking on roads with different surfaces (for example, asphalt-ice) and prevents the wheels from locking in less favorable traction conditions (on ice), providing the minimum stopping distance of the car for a given road surface (ice) while maintaining its stability and manageability.

Attention!

To obtain the optimal effect during emergency braking of the vehicle using ABS, it is necessary to press the brake pedal with maximum force, while pressing the clutch pedal.

The ABS electrical part consists of 4 ABS sensors (in the wheel assemblies of the vehicle), 3 modulators (on pneumatic boosters), an ABS control unit (CU) (in the cab on the right sidewall), an ABS diagnostic button (on the instrument panel), an indicator ABS malfunctions (on the instrument panel for GAZ-3308, the right block of warning lamps for GAZ-33088 (GAZ-33081)) and the ABS harness connecting the sensors and modulators with the ABS control unit.

Two power circuits are connected to the ABS control unit: for modulators through the 3rd 25A fuse in the ABS fuse box and directly for the ABS control unit through the 1st 5A fuse in the ABS fuse box. The air dryer is powered through the 2nd 10A fuse. The ABS fuse box is located behind the fuse box below the fuse box.

The ABS malfunction indicator comes on for a few seconds each time the ignition is switched on, and then goes out, which confirms that the ABS system is working properly. Constant burning of the indicator or its lighting in motion (except when driving with the front drive axle on, when the anti-lock braking system (ABS) is forced off) indicates a malfunction of the ABS.

If the ABS fails, the car must be checked at a service station.

Wheels and tires

The car is equipped with disc wheels with a split rim. The wheel consists of a rim base, two removable interchangeable bead rings and a split lock ring.

Wheel with tire

1. - tire inflation valve;

2. - the base of the rim;

3. - lock ring;

4. - bead ring;

5. - camera;

6. - tire;

7. - rim tape;

A feature of the wheel is the toroidal shape of the surface of the rim landing flanges and the landing of the tire beads on the rim flanges with guaranteed interference, which ensures reliable fastening of the tire to the rim without the use of a spacer ring when driving on dirty and loose soils, as well as when the internal air pressure in the tire decreases to 90 kPa (0.9 kgf / cm 2). A special stopper is welded to the locking part of the rim, which serves to fix the locking ring (3) and the adjacent bead ring (4). The bead rings (4) have two grooves, into one of which a mounting blade is inserted during disassembly of the wheel, and the protrusion of the lock ring enters the other during wheel assembly. At one end of the locking ring there is a groove for capturing the ring when removing it from the rim locking groove. A rim tape (7) is used to protect the camera from damage. Check the pressure when the tires are cold.

Do not spill oil and fuel on tires. Park in a clean, dry place. When parked for a long time, the tires must be protected from sunlight.

In order to avoid increased wear of the tread without urgent need, do not brake sharply, avoid overloading, it is recommended to exclude jerks and wheel slip when starting off and changing from lower gears to higher ones.

Rearrangement of wheels should be done only when necessary. The basis for rearranging the wheels can be: uneven or intense wear of the tread pattern, the need for the correct selection of tires along the axles, the installation of more reliable tires on the front axle of the car and other reasons.

Wheel mounting and dismounting

Before assembling the wheel, you must:

check the condition of the tire, rim, bead and wet rings;

eliminate deep scratches, dents, paint build-ups, rust on the rim and on the landing shelves;

inspect the tire, remove foreign objects from it (dirt, sand, etc.), thoroughly wipe the inner surface and seats with a damp cloth;

powder all mating surfaces of the tire, camera, rim tape with talcum powder;

to facilitate the assembly of a full fit of the spikes on the seating surfaces of the rim, it is recommended to wet the tire beads with water or soapy water.

It is forbidden to use mineral oils (grease, etc.) as a lubricant for the tire bead seating surfaces.

The assembly of the wheel with the tire must be carried out in the following sequence:

On the rim, installed with the lock part up, put one bead ring with the flange down; for ease of assembly, you can hang the rim by placing it on the stand.
Insert the tube into the tire and inflate it slightly, fill in the rim tape. Place the tire on a skewed wheel in such a way that the direction of the arrows on the sidewalls of the tires coincides with the direction of their rotation when the car is moving forward (tires have a directional tread pattern), and the chamber valve is opposite the valve groove.
Insert the valve into the valve groove. Lift the tire from the side of the valve groove and slide it over the rim so that its lower bead falls into the rim assembly groove. Slide the tire onto the rim completely and press the outer bead above the valve so that the valve comes out of the hole in the rim.
Insert the mounting paddle with its curved end into the rim locking groove and place the straight paddle on the tire bead perpendicular to the first paddle. Applying reinforcement to the first blade, push the bead down behind the rim landing flange.
Put on the bead and lock rings, aligning the cut of the lock ring with the stopper and a special stamping on the edge of the lock ring with one of the dismantling grooves of the bead ring.
Inflate the tire to a pressure that ensures the fit of the tire beads on the landing flange of the rim 600 - 700 kPa (6 - 7 kgf / cm 2), and then bring the pressure up to 340 kPa (3.5 kgf / cm 2) in the front tires and 440 kPa ( 4.5 kgf / cm 2) in the rear tires. In contrast to wheels with conical shelves, the landing of the tire beads on the toroidal rims of the wheel under the influence of the increasing internal pressure in the tire does not occur gradually, but instantly. To ensure safety, when inflating a tire in the garage, the assembled wheel must be placed in a protective device, and outside the garage, the bead and lock rings must be directed away from the driver and people who are near.

Disassembly of the wheel must be carried out in the following sequence:

1. Bleed the air completely from the tire and place the tire with the tire on a platform or clean horizontal area. The locking part of the rim must be at the bottom.

2. Remove the inner bead from the rim seat, to do this:

- insert the curved end of the mounting blade between the bead ring and the rim flange into the mounting groove and press the bead ring down;

- insert the flat end of a straight blade into the formed gap, release the first blade, moving sequentially along the circumference of the rim, inserting the ends of both blades into the formed gap and upsetting the tire bead through the bead ring, remove it from the rim landing flange;

- the toroidal shape of the seating surface does not allow for local removal of the tire bead, therefore, labor and installation time costs are significantly reduced with the gradual settling of the tire bead by applying forces around the wheel circumference.

Turn the wheel over and remove the tire bead from the second landing flange, repeating the above operations.

3. Remove the locking and bead rings. To do this, insert the flat end of one blade into the groove located at the end of the lock ring. Using the second spatula, lift this end of the lock ring, pressing the end of the ring protruding from the lock groove with the first spatula, squeeze it up. While holding the squeezed end with the second blade, release the first one and bring its flat end under the ring. Pressing the ring with the mounting blades around the wheel circumference, remove the lock ring. Remove bead ring.

4.Dismantle the tire bead: stand on the section of the tire bead opposite to the valve hole; in the area of \u200b\u200bthe valve hole, insert the flat ends of both blades between the tire and the rim at a distance of 150-250 mm, one from the other. Applying efforts to the mounting blades, bring a part of the bead outward, and the opposite part of the tire bead must be in the mounting groove. Holding the dismantled part of the tire bead with one paddle, release the other and bring its flat end between the rim and the tire at a distance of 70-100 mm from the place where the tire bead goes out. Repeating the same operation, I completely dismantled the tire bead.

5. Sink the valve into the tire cavity. Place the wheel in an upright position. In this case, the lower part of the tire bead must be in the mounting groove of the rim. Remove the rim from the tire.

Spare wheel

The spare wheel is mounted on a carrier located on the front side of the platform.

The spare wheel lift is located at the rear right of the platform. The main element of the lifting device is a rack with a lifting mechanism attached to it. The weight of the load to be lifted must not exceed 140 kg.

The wheel is lifted in the following order:

- fold the tailgate of the platform and roll the wheel to the side with a disk;

- put the stand of the lift in the working position, for which unpin the lock, remove it and turn the stand until the second hole in the stand aligns with the hole in the heel, insert the lock;

Tire pressure control system

Reducing the air pressure in the tires when driving on soft ground reduces the specific pressure on the ground and increases the vehicle's flotation.

compressor;
control valve;
pressure gauge;
control valve handle;
pressure regulator;
air balloon;
control outlet valve;
condensate drain valve;

The tire pressure regulation system provides a change in the tire pressure from the driver's seat both in the parking lot and on the move, depending on the nature of the road surface and the vehicle speed, as well as monitoring the tire pressure.

In case of minor damage to the chamber, the tire pressure regulation system allows the vehicle to continue moving without resorting to an immediate wheel change, since the compressor compensates for the air leak from the chamber.

The compressor is a piston type, cylindrical, air-cooled.

1. pulley;

3. piston;

4. cylinder;

5.cork;

6. fitting;

7. O-ring;

8. crankcase;

9. bracket;

10. crankcase cover;

11. crankshaft;

Air from the engine intake manifold enters the compressor cylinder through a lamellar intake valve. The compressed air is forced into the pneumatic system through a plate discharge valve. Compressor lubrication is from the engine lubrication system.

The compressor is driven by a belt.

The resulting "hybrid" has become an indispensable vehicle in difficult terrain, especially in the northern regions and Siberia. He was highly acclaimed and immediately became popular. Its structure and appearance have remained practically unchanged since those times.

Application area

GAZ 33081 Sadko is a Russian SUV of universal application. Its production was launched in 1997, and to this day it is actively used in various fields:

geological exploration;
army and interior ministry;
agriculture;
work of utilities.

Its main advantage is high cross-country ability, which allows you to move on any road.

Modifications

Sadko's car became the basis for creating other modifications:

-Taiga is equipped with all the necessary equipment for geological and exploration work, repair of power lines, logging. There is a berth in the cockpit. It is especially popular in Siberian latitudes.
Is an airborne Sadko, created by order of the Ministry of Defense.
- a multipurpose vehicle equipped with special equipment - fire-fighting, electrical, lifting equipment. The cab - two-row, four-door - is used to transport workers.
Is Sadko's modification with double rear wheels. Carrying capacity of the model is doubled - more than 4 tons.

All variations of Sadko are four-wheel drive SUVs with a five-speed manual transmission.

Technical characteristics of GAZ 33081

Wheel formula 4x4, self-locking function of wheels is provided. The unique tire inflation system allows you to continue driving even after a bullet hit. Such equipment was developed specifically for use in the army and for the work of the Ministry of Emergencies.

Until now, the car is in great demand among these law enforcement agencies. Its design can be a salvation for the crew - when hitting an anti-personnel mine, the engine protects the cabin and people have a great chance to survive.

Sadko is used for the transportation of goods, military equipment, towing trailers and other vehicles. Its body can be equipped for the transport of people - to carry out lighting and install longitudinal side seats.

Vehicle specifications:

Specifications	Indicators	unit of measurement
Engine capacity	4,75	l
Power	125	l. from.
	92	kW
Torque	42,5	kgcm at 2100 rpm
Average fuel consumption	14	l / 100 km
Maximum speed	90	km / h
Fuel tank capacity	105	l
Lifting capacity	2	t
Operating weight	4,1	t
Full mass	6,35	t

Engine characteristics

During the entire production period, Sadko was equipped with two types of diesel engines. The basic configuration provides for the installation of a power unit MMZ D-245.7. This is a four-cylinder engine made in Belarus. It is now being produced according to the Euro-4 environmental standard.

Another motor is only installed on an individual order. A car with it acquires even more attractive qualities:

power - 135 l. from.;
maximum speed - 95 km / h,
fuel consumption - 13.9 at a speed of 60 km / h.

Diagram of the power supply system for engines of the MMZ-D245 family

It has been awarded the latest Euro-6 environmental safety class. This modification has its own index - 33088.

A mixed braking system is installed at Sadko - hydraulic and pneumatic. There is an ABS and a hydraulic vacuum amplifier. This gives the maximum driving efficiency on different roads.

Cars GAZ-3309, GAZ-3308, GAZ-33081 Sadko are equipped with three brake systems:

A worker acting on the brakes of all wheels of the car;

Spare, which is part of the service brake system and acts on the brakes of the front or rear wheels;

Parking, acting on the brakes of the rear wheels.

The brake systems of GAZ-3309, GAZ-3308, GAZ-33081 Sadko vehicles include:

Monitoring the level of brake fluid in the supply tank of the master cylinder of the brakes, for which a float sensor for an emergency drop in the level of the brake fluid is installed in the tank;

Control over the degree of pumping of the hydraulic drive;
- control over the wear of wheel brake linings through two holes in the brake shields, closed with removable plugs;

Sound system that notifies the driver of an emergency drop in air pressure in the pneumatic drive.

The service brake system GAZ-3309, GAZ-3308, GAZ-33081 Sadko is made with separate braking of the axles (with two independent circuits), with each circuit acting as a spare brake system.

A schematic diagram of the service brake system is shown in Fig. 1.

The brake control GAZ-3309, GAZ-3308, GAZ-33081 Sadko includes wheel brakes and their drive. The drive includes a two-section brake valve, ABS modulators, pneumatic boosters with master brake cylinders, air cylinders with check valves, an air dryer, a compressor, as well as hydraulic and air pipes that functionally connect these units.

Figure: 1. Schematic diagram of the brake system GAZ-3309, GAZ-3308, GAZ-33081 Sadko

The working brake system GAZ-3309, GAZ-3308, GAZ-33081 Sadko should provide effective braking of the car without skidding and loss of control.

The braking distance of a vehicle at full load, moving at a speed of 60 km / h on a flat section of a dry road, with full depressing of the brake pedal, should not exceed 36.7 m.

The spare braking system must provide a stopping distance of not more than 51 m under the conditions described in the requirements for the service braking system.

The brake mechanisms of the front and rear wheels of GAZ-3309, GAZ-3308, GAZ-33081 Sadko are the same in design and differ in the dimension of a number of incoming parts. The brakes of the front wheels are equipped with cylinders with pistons with a diameter of 35 mm and linings with a width of 80 mm.

Brake mechanisms GAZ-3309, GAZ-3308, GAZ-33081 Sadko rear wheels have cylinders with pistons with a diameter of 38 mm and lining 100 mm wide, as well as additional parts for the drive of the parking brake system. The wheel brake device is shown in Fig. 2.

The shoes are fixed relative to the brake drum by means of eccentric bearing pins 12. Each shoe is fixed independently of the other.

Figure: 2. Wheel brakes GAZ-3309, GAZ-3308, GAZ-33081 Sadko

On the outer end of each support pin, a mark is made (recess with a diameter of 2 mm), showing the position of the greatest eccentricity of the adjusting pin.

Wheel brake cylinders GAZ-3309, GAZ-3308, GAZ-33081 Sadko have a device that automatically maintains the required clearance between the friction pad and the drum. No special adjustment is required during operation.

The compressor of the car GAZ-3309, GAZ-3308, GAZ-33081 Sadko piston type, single-cylinder, air-cooled.

Figure: 3. Compressor of the car GAZ-3309, GAZ-3308, GAZ-33081 Sadko

The compressor of the automobile GAZ-3309, GAZ-3308, GAZ-33081 Sadko (Fig. 3) piston type, single-cylinder, air-cooled, with a gear drive.

Dismantling of the compressor GAZ-3309, GAZ-3308, GAZ-33081 Sadko

Disconnect the air bleed pipe from the compressor.
- Disconnect the air supply hose to the compressor and disconnect the oil supply hose.

After unscrewing the bolt securing the hose coupling, remove the gaskets.
- Unscrew three nuts and one bolt securing the compressor to the engine and remove the compressor.

Place the compressor on a workbench and remove the connecting rod cover by unscrewing the two nuts.
- Fasten the compressor vertically in a vise at the crankcase 2 (see Fig. 3).

Unscrew the four nuts of the tie rods, remove the head 7, the valve plate 8 and the cylinder 4 from the crankcase 2.
- Remove the inlet and outlet valve plate valves.

Remove connecting rod 3 with piston from cylinder
- Compress and remove circlip 10 and piston pin 9 from the piston.

Remove piston rings.
- Unscrew the fastening bolts and remove the side cover 12;

Remove bushing 14, spring 13 and crankshaft 1 with bearings.
- Press out the pin 15 and remove the axle 16, holding the drive gear 17 from falling.

Two-section brake valve GAZ-3309, GAZ-3308, GAZ-33081 Sadko

The two-section brake valve GAZ-3309, GAZ-3308, GAZ-33081 Sadko (Fig. 4) is designed to control the pneumatic boosters of the vehicle's working brake system. The brake valve has two independent sections, located in series and fed from separate circuits. Valves of the crane are flat, single, rubber.

Fig. 4. Two-section brake valve GAZ-3309, GAZ-3308, GAZ-33081 Sadko with a lever

In the initial position (brake pedal released) terminals Z1 and Z2 are connected to atmosphere, and the valves disconnect terminals V1 and V2 from terminals Z1 and Z2.

If the upper section of the brake valve fails to work, the lower section is controlled: mechanically through the pin and the pusher of the small piston, fully maintaining its functionality.

Three modulators are installed on the GAZ-3309, GAZ-3308, GAZ-33081 Sadko car, which function as air pressure relief valves in pneumatic boosters when a signal is received from the ABS control unit about reaching a critical value of the braking force on the wheels, which can cause their blocking.

Pneumatic brake booster GAZ-3309, GAZ-3308, GAZ-33081 Sadko (Fig. 5) is connected to the main brake cylinder and is designed to create the required fluid pressure with compressed air in the hydraulic part of the drive of each circuit.

In the front wall of the air booster housing, there is a push rod for the emergency stroke of the piston and the sensor itself.

Figure: 5. Pneumatic brake booster GAZ-3309, GAZ-3308, GAZ-33081 Sadko with a master brake cylinder

When braking, compressed air from the two-section brake valve GAZ-3309, GAZ-3308, GAZ-33081 Sadko enters through the fitting in the cover to the membrane of the pneumatic amplifier. Under air pressure, the membrane moves the rod, which through the pusher acts on the piston of the main brake cylinder, displacing the brake fluid into the hydraulic line.

The control outlet valves GAZ-3309, GAZ-3308, GAZ-33081 Sadko are located at the inlet to the ABS modulators and are intended for connecting instrumentation to them when checking the compressed air pressure. To connect to the valve, it is necessary to use a hose and measuring devices with M1bx1.5 union nuts.

Check valves are installed on air cylinders with a volume of 20 liters and are designed to maintain air pressure in the air circuits in the event of a drop in air pressure in the supply line.

The main brake cylinder GAZ-3309, GAZ-3308, GAZ-33081 Sadko

The main brake cylinder GAZ-3309, GAZ-3308, GAZ-33081 Sadko (see Fig. 5) is connected to the pneumatic booster by three pins. A pneumatic booster is installed with a master cylinder on the frame.

Three unified master cylinders are used in the brake drive: one in the hydraulic drive to the front brakes, and two to the rear.

The main brake cylinder GAZ-3309, GAZ-3308, GAZ-33081 Sadko is connected to the supply tank through the adapter fitting and pipelines. In the released position, the piston 15 of the master cylinder through the head 18 abuts against the bolt 16, as a result of which a gap is formed between the piston and the head for the passage of fluid from the reservoir into the working cavity of the cylinder.

When the piston moves, liquid from the working cavity of the main brake cylinder GAZ-3309, GAZ-3308, GAZ-33081 Sadko passes through the holes in the plate 1 of the overpressure valve 2 and, pressing the rubber belt of the valve from the plate, enters the pipeline going to the wheel cylinders.

When released, the piston 15 under the action of the return spring 19 moves to its original position until the head 18 stops in the bolt 16. If the brake pedal is released abruptly, the piston of the master cylinder of the GAZ-3309, GAZ-3308, GAZ-33081 Sadko brakes returns faster than the liquid from the wheel cylinders.

When the piston rests on the bolt 16, the excess fluid through the end gap returns back to the master cylinder reservoir. The system is released and is ready for subsequent braking.

Anti-lock braking system (ABS) for GAZ-3309, GAZ-3308, GAZ-33081 Sadko

Cars GAZ-3309, GAZ-3308, GAZ-33081 Sadko are equipped with anti-lock braking system (ABS) of brakes. ABS is effective in emergency braking on roads with different surfaces (for example, asphalt-ice) and prevents the wheels from locking in less favorable conditions for traction (on ice), providing the minimum stopping distance of the car for a given road surface (ice) while maintaining its stability and manageability.

The electrical part of the ABS GAZ-3309, GAZ-3308, GAZ-33081 Sadko consists of 4 ABS sensors (in the wheel assemblies of the car), 3 modulators (on pneumatic boosters), an ABS control unit (CU) (in the cab on the right sidewall), a diagnostic button ABS (in the instrument cluster), ABS malfunction indicator and ABS harness connecting the sensors and modulators to the ABS control unit.

Two power circuits are connected to the ABS control unit GAZ-3309, GAZ-3308, GAZ-33081 Sadko: for modulators through the 3rd 25 A fuse in the ABS fuse block and directly for the ABS control unit through the 1st 5 A fuse in the ABS fuse block ...

The air dryer is powered through the 2nd 10A fuse. The ABS fuse box is located behind a plug located below the fuse block plug.

Fig. 6. Electrical diagram of the ABS of cars GAZ-3309, GAZ-3308, GAZ-33081 Sadko

The ABS malfunction indicator comes on for a few seconds each time the ignition is switched on, and then goes out, which confirms that the ABS system is working properly.

Constant burning of the indicator or its lighting when the vehicle is moving indicates a malfunction of the ABS. The electrical diagram of the ABS is shown in Fig. 6 ..

Wheel brake cylinder GAZ-3309, GAZ-3308, GAZ-33081 Sadko

Removing the wheel cylinder of the GAZ-3309, GAZ-3308, GAZ-33081 Sadko brakes is performed in the following order:

Remove wheel and brake drum. Dissolve the brake pads by removing the clamping springs that tighten them;
- disconnect the hose or pipeline from the brake cylinder;

Remove the brake cylinder mounting bolts.

Dismantling the wheel brake cylinder GAZ-3309, GAZ-3308, GAZ-33081 Sadko

Wash the wheel cylinder and its parts in pure isopropyl alcohol or brake fluid, then blow dry with compressed air.

Assembling the pneumatic brake booster GAZ-3309, GAZ-3308, GAZ-33081 Sadko

Rinse metal parts in kerosene and dry them.
- Lubricate the rubbing surfaces of the parts with a thin layer of Litol grease.

Assemble the pneumatic booster in the reverse order of disassembly.
- Measure the position of the pusher of the pneumatic brake booster with a vernier caliper.

Check the working cavity of the pneumatic amplifier for leaks by saponification, supplying compressed air to the fitting in the cover of the pneumatic amplifier, air leaks are not allowed.

Assembling the pneumatic brake booster GAZ-3309, GAZ-3308, GAZ-33081 Sadko with the main brake cylinder

The assembly order is as follows:

If necessary, adjust the position of the pneumatic booster rod pusher.
- Connect the master cylinder to the pneumatic booster, tightening torque of the nuts 2.4-3.6 kg / cm.

Install the modulator in the cover and the air filter on the housing.
- Fasten the brackets to the pneumatic booster-master cylinder-modulator module.

The most likely malfunctions of the main brake cylinder GAZ-3309, GAZ-3308, GAZ-33081 Sadko are wear of cuffs, rubber sealing rings, pistons, piston heads, seizure and wear of the working surface.

Removing the main brake cylinder from the vehicle is carried out together with the pneumatic booster.

Service of brakes of cars GAZ-3309, GAZ-3308, GAZ-33081 Sadko

During the operation of the GAZ-3309, GAZ-3308, GAZ-33081 Sadko cars, they periodically check (daily maintenance) the level of the brake fluid in the supply tank, the tightness of the pneumatic and hydraulic parts of the brake drive, as well as the serviceability of the service brake system and the operability of the parking system.

When servicing the pneumatic part of the drive, it is necessary to monitor the tightness of the system as a whole and its individual elements.

Air leaks are detected by ear or soap emulsion. Air leaks in the joints are eliminated by tightening or replacing individual elements.

To ensure normal operation of the pneumatic drive GAZ-3309, GAZ-3308, GAZ-33081 Sadko, it is necessary to regularly change the removable air dryer cartridge.

The need for replacement is determined by the formation of condensation in the air cylinders. The accumulation of large amounts of condensation in the pneumatic brake actuator can lead to their failure.

In winter, the drainage of condensate must be monitored especially carefully to prevent it from freezing in devices and pipelines; in case of freezing of condensate, it is forbidden to heat devices, pipelines and cylinders with an open fire. It is necessary to use hot water for this purpose.

Maintenance of the two-section brake valve GAZ-3309, GAZ-3308, GAZ-33081 Sadko consists in periodic inspection, cleaning from dirt, checking the reliability of the crane fastening and checking its operation.

It is necessary to monitor the condition of the protective cover of the crane and its tightness to the body, since the ingress of dirt on the lever system and rubbing surfaces of the crane leads to a failure in operation.

The tightness of the brake valve is checked using a soap emulsion in two positions: in the braked and unbraked positions. If there is a leak in any of the indicated positions, the brake valve must be replaced, the difference in pressure values \u200b\u200bin the valve sections can be up to 0.025 MPa (0.25 kgf / cm).

It is necessary to periodically check the free and full travel of the brake pedal GAZ-3309, GAZ-3308, GAZ-33081 Sadko, connected by a lever and a rod with a brake valve.

The full travel of the brake pedal should be 130-140 mm, if necessary, adjust by changing the length of the rod from the intermediate lever to the brake valve.

Free travel of the brake pedal with a working brake valve should be 20-25 mm.

Maintenance of pneumatic amplifiers GAZ-3309, GAZ-3308, GAZ-33081 Sadko consists in checking the fastening of the amplifier to the body of the master brake cylinder and checking the tightness, which must be carried out with the brake pedal pressed.

Check the tightness with a soap emulsion, covering the clamping clamps, the connection points of the pipe fittings with it. In case of air leakage that cannot be eliminated by tightening the clamps, it is necessary to replace the diaphragm of the pneumatic booster.

______________________________________________________________________________

GAZ-3308 "Sadko" is a hardy medium-duty flatbed truck that replaced the famous GAZ-66. For the first time "Sadko" hit the Russian roads in December 1997 and since then has sold in huge numbers, becoming a full-fledged leader of its segment.

In addition to the basic on-board platform, the GAZ-3308 Sadko chassis can be equipped with almost any type of superstructure, which makes this truck a versatile workaholic, distinguished not only by its versatility, but also by unpretentious maintenance, as well as the absence of allergies to Russian roads.

GAZ-3308 4x4 "Sadko" received an all-metal cab with a simple but practical design, two doors, almost panoramic glazing, a powerful metal bumper and a large hood providing easy access to the engine compartment. For its class, the design of the truck is quite attractive, but it does not stand out in anything supernatural, the manufacturer tried to reduce the production cost to the maximum, and therefore used simple rectangular shapes with a minimum of decorative elements for the exterior design.

The interior of the cockpit is executed in the same spirit. Everything here is utilitarian, as simple and practical as possible. Some inconvenience can be caused by landing in the cabin, since the cabin is high enough, and the manufacturer did not provide for the handrails to grab onto, again, apparently, in order to save money. The standard GAZ-3308 cab is equipped with two seats with fairly comfortable seats with soft upholstery and seat belts. We add that Sadko can be equipped with an optional two-row cab equipped with two or four doors. In the version with two doors, the rear row of seats can be replaced with two berths, which will allow the truck to be used for long-distance cargo transportation or for the work of repair crews in remote areas.

The basic version of the GAZ-3308 received a wheelbase of 3770 mm and an overall length of 6250 mm for the version with a single-row cab and 6600 mm for a version with a two-row cab. In addition, it is possible to order extended versions of the truck with a wheelbase of 4570 or 5070 mm, the overall length of which, respectively, reaches 7900 and 8950 mm. The overall width of the truck in all cases is 2268 mm along the cab and 2340 mm along the cargo platform. The height of "Sadko" does not exceed 2780 mm at the top of the awning. At the same time, we add that the maximum truck height, taking into account the superstructures being built, should not exceed 4000 mm. The track of the front and rear wheels of the Sadko is 1820 and 1770 mm, respectively. Vehicle ground clearance - 315 mm. Thanks to this, the GAZ-3308 is able to overcome a ford up to 800 mm deep, as well as climb slopes with an angle of up to 31 degrees with the full weight of the car. The maximum turning radius of the vehicle along the track axis of the front outer wheel is 11.0 meters.

The minimum curb weight of the basic modification GAZ-33081 "Sadko" is 3710 kg (originally GAZ-3308 - 4,150 kg). At the same time, the total weight reaches 6350 kg, and the carrying capacity of the truck is ~ 2000 kg. The truck is equipped with a metal or metal-wooden side platform with a flat floor, a tailgate and a frame removable awning. The platform dimensions are 3390 x 2145 mm, the height of the platform sides is 900 mm. If desired, the platform with an awning can be equipped with a lamp shade, folding longitudinal side seats and a safety belt over the tailgate. Loading platform height - 1365 mm.

Specifications.

Initially, the GAZ-3308 truck was equipped with a 4.67-liter 130-horsepower ZMZ-5231.10 carburetor engine.
In 2003, Sadko (GAZ-33081) began to be equipped with the Belarusian diesel engine MMZ D-245.7, which has 4 in-line cylinders with a total displacement of 4.75 liters. It is a liquid-cooled, direct fuel injection, turbocharged engine with intercooled charge air. Starting from 2013, the MMZ D-245.7 engine fully complies with the Euro-4 environmental standard, and its maximum power is 122.4 hp. at 2400 rpm. The upper limit of engine torque reaches 417 Nm in the range from 1100 to 2100 rpm, which, together with an uncontested 5-speed manual transmission, provides the truck with the ability to accelerate to a maximum of 93 km / h with an average fuel consumption of 16.8 liters per every 100 km.
And since February 2013, the manufacturer has also offered a modification of the GAZ-33088 equipped with a YaMZ-53442 engine (also meeting the requirements of the Euro-4 environmental standard). Like its Belarusian counterpart, the YaMZ-53442 engine received 4 in-line cylinders, direct fuel injection and turbocharging with intercooling of charge air. The displacement of the motor is 4.43 liters, its maximum power reaches 134.5 hp, and the upper limit of torque is 417 Nm. The GAZ-33088 modification is also equipped with a non-alternative 5-speed synchronized manual transmission with constant gearing and single-disk dry clutch.

All modifications of GAZ-3308 "Sadko" are equipped with a 4x4 all-wheel drive system based on a mechanical transfer case with front and rear axle drive. The front and rear drive axles of the truck are equipped with cam-type limited slip differentials, and the steering knuckles of the front axle have hinges of equal speed angles. The gear ratio of the transfer case underdrive is 1,982. The gear ratio of the main transmission of the driving axles is 6.17 and 6.83.

The GAZ-3308 "Sadko" truck is built on the basis of a two-axle frame platform with dependent leaf spring suspension in front and rear with longitudinal semi-elliptical springs, supplemented by hydraulic telescopic double-acting shock absorbers on all wheels. The truck's brake system is dual-circuit, equipped with an ABS system, a hydraulic drive and a hydraulic vacuum booster, as well as a vacuum reservoir in each circuit. Drum brakes are installed on all wheels. The parking brake is a transmission brake with a mechanical drive. The steering of the truck is based on the "screw-ball nut" system and is supplemented with a power steering.

Complete set and price. In the GAZ-33081 base "Sadko" is equipped with 18-inch steel rims, all-terrain tires, halogen optics, rear fog lamp, 6ST-75 rechargeable battery, wheel pumping system and interior heater. As an option, the GAZ-33081 can be supplemented with a power take-off and a winch.
The cost of the flatbed truck GAZ-33081 "Sadko", in 2016 on the Russian market, is about 1.6 million rubles.