The demonstration took place after the board of the FSB, at which the head of state thanked the employees of the department for the successful fight against the militants. According to the abbreviation on the grill of the armored car (TsSN), it is intended for the Special Forces Center of the FSB of Russia.
Armored vehicles "Falkatus" and "Viking" are being developed for domestic power structures and are considered secret. There is no official information about them, the exact characteristics are also unknown.
Although, in the summer in Naberezhnye Chelny (Tatarstan), the newest Russian armored vehicles "Falkatus" and "Viking" were spotted, reports "Rossiyskaya Gazeta" in the special project "Russian Weapon". According to the recordings of the DVRs published on the Internet, the futuristic-looking cars, painted in black, moved along the city roads in the general traffic.
The armored car "Faklkatus" (Falcatus), referred to as "a protected vehicle for the TsSN", has been tested since 2010 by the Moscow CJSC "Fort Tekhnologiya" as a further development of the development, which began at the time at AMO ZIL on the topic "Punisher".
The publication clarifies that the then project of this machine has been developed since 2008 at AMO ZIL (under the leadership of designer Svyatoslav Sahakyan) together with Fort Tekhnologiya, engaged in the production of structural protection elements, in accordance with the TTZ on the Punisher theme, issued back in 2002 on a competitive basis to a number of enterprises by the Russian Ministry of Defense. At ZiL, the project took place as KLOP and provided for the use of a special chassis own development, while the total weight of the machine should not exceed 7 tons with a maximum capacity of 10 people. However, in the future, the project was completely transferred to the Fort Tekhnologiya firm, which managed to interest them in the FSB TsSN and in 2010, with the participation of ZIL, manufactured the first prototype on the chassis of the KamAZ-4911 rally car. Subsequent work is being carried out jointly with KAMAZ JSC. created on the basis of the chassis of the KamAZ-4911 Extreme truck - a constant participant in the Dakar rally. According to various sources, the armored vehicle is equipped with a 185-horsepower 4-cylinder Cummins diesel engine or an 8-cylinder diesel engine Yaroslavl plant YaMZ-7E846.
The Punisher project was developed by Fort Tekhnologiya CJSC (develops special suits and other equipment); the company at one time interested the FSB TsSN with this armored car. In 2010, the first prototype was developed, but the first images of it appeared only in 2012. The armored car uses a two-nosed chassis of the KamAZ-4911 rally car, and its weight is up to 12 tons, although it was originally assumed that it would weigh no more than seven tons. Car capacity is ten people. The car received the name "Falcatus", it is called "a protected vehicle for the Central Service Center".
In another armored car called "Viking" the chassis from KamAZ is guessed.
In the second special car, which was moving in Naberezhnye Chelny, it is easy to see the outlines of the KAMAZ, but there is even less information about the Viking. The footage shows a two-section four-door cab, a closed body with viewing windows on the sides, and doors at the rear.
According to available information, the armored truck was created as part of the program for re-equipping the special forces of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation based on the development of the Moscow State Technical University named after N.E. Bauman with the code BKM-49111. The multipurpose vehicle has a number of unique characteristics and is designed to perform various tasks in counter-terrorist operations.
"Viking" was also created on the basis of KAMAZ 4911 Extreme, as well as "Punisher" is equipped with a combat situation monitoring system based on video cameras located along the perimeter of the case, which provide full overview the driver.
A feature of the armored vehicle's cabin layout is called the back-to-back arrangement of the landing force, which provides all-round visibility. The car's armor can withstand 7.62 mm rounds. Also, the machine has mine protection, including a specially designed suspension.
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All genres are good except boring. In this sense, the miniseries about the ZiLovsky project The Punisher is good, because it invigorates. Let me remind you of the content of the previous series.
A colleague from the site Behind the Wheel in an unknown way receives a photo of the Punisher on a KamAZ chassis from the Dmitrov training ground and swears that this is not a drain. I answered timidly. A heated discussion arises with the participation of the chassis designer Andrey Stepanov. The "official" ZiL takes offense and demands to remove the photographs, appealing to copyright. Then on his website he publishes an illogical and ridiculous refutation, which I refute point by point and with documents. The general meaning of ZiL's attack is as follows: ZiL never worked on the Punisher project, and the pictures I stole from ZiL have nothing to do with ZiL.
End of the first part.
Now, gentlemen, part two, from which you will learn some details of the Punisher project, as well as see what none of the mere mortals have seen yet.
Actually, at first the car was called Bear. Even cooler - in Potekhin's version - Medved. It is necessary to explain why this name did not become official?
... It was 2002. The Ministry of Defense developed a list of requirements for a new military vehicle and sent it to several car factories ( technical task No. 2-99 of 15.04.2002). It was about an all-wheel drive chassis with a carrying capacity of 1.0 - 2.5 tons, with the possibility of booking. Conventionally, the list of requirements was called "The Punisher Project", but just what conventionally, everyone understood that the finished machines would not be called that. It's just a code like this: "Falcon, Sokol, I Strizh, welcome."
And ZiL got involved in this work, intending to more or less stupidly transfer the onboard transmission of the Bluebird to the Punisher. But at the same time, Kalam and ZiLovtsy were projected, in the end, they preferred him and officially refused the Punisher in 2003, simply calculating that they would not last two projects. Nevertheless, ZiL made a serious bet on the military theme, which was confirmed by the invitation to the post of chief designer of the plant Yevgeny Rybin, a military motorist, former director of the 21st Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense. It was assumed that he would push through, lobby, say the word "who needs it."
And ZiL also had a kind genius Luzhkov, a notable inventor of All Russia. He had his own views on a military project, he wanted to implement some of his ideas in it, in particular, the idea with a rear lifting axle. Then ZIL will make a copy of a civil all-wheel drive with such a bridge (ZIL -43272T), as if in gratitude to Yurmikhalych for financial support, and just support. We remember that ZiL was then managed by the MAK company with the odious Harry Luchansky at the head, and this businessman was part of Luzhkov's inner circle. One story with the Batumi seaport is worth something: Luchansky laid eyes on it with the patronage (of course, gratuitous) of the then head of Adjara, Aslan Abashidze, also a great friend of Yurmikhalych; Luzhkov and Luchansky went to Adjara with pomp, but then Saakashvili came and Abashidze had to run away in a woman's dress. Naturally, to Moscow, where Luzhkov provided him with a decent old age. But this is so, a lyrical digression.
This means that Luchansky manages ZiL, and Luzhkov gives him money, buys cars under municipal contracts and generally supports him in every possible way. He, overwhelmed by inventive concern, at the beginning of 2008 ordered the resumption of work on the Punisher. Laptev issued an order for AMO ZIL dated 10.04.08. № 3 chipboard, in accordance with which the design and experimental service began to work.
I don’t have exact information, whether there was co-financing from the Ministry of Defense or not, some say that it was at the initial stage, others that it didn’t, the plant worked for its own. One way or another, ZiL began designing a car "designed for operation on all types of roads and off-road and focused on use in the armed forces of the Russian Federation and other departments of the Russian Federation (OMON, EMERCOM, geological exploration, etc.)" (this is a quote from the patent application ). By that time, Konstantin Potekhin had sketched many sketches of the Bear,
they even made a plasticine model based on it. Some kind of basis for the Punisher loomed, it was possible to work. 
I have one of the internal specifications for Medved-Punisher, dated August 28, 2008, it illustrates the layout in some detail. I will not post the entire document, I will limit myself to a quote:
“The body of the car is designed with the expectation that the crew will use small arms, with the possibility of all-round defense. Therefore, the vehicle crew is located as follows. The driver is in his rightful place on the left in front, the commander of the car, on the right in front, between them, on a wide inner hood, a reclining place is organized (with his head in the direction of the car) for the shooter, machine gunner, who, if necessary, firing through the opening, middle section of the windshield ... The crew of 4 people in two rows back to back, occupies the middle part of the car, in the rear overhang, space is organized for four more crew members. With this arrangement we have a full crew of 14 people. Between the rear wheel arches, a place is formed for the shooter, who can carry out a combat mission through the rear upper hatch. The space between the backs of the middle seats can take up luggage and equipment. "
In fact, this is a description of the plasticine model shown above.
And then the story began with the revision of the design and layout by the efforts of Lev Georgievich Samokhin and other full-time factory designers, in particular, Kalitin, Ibushev, Antipkin. I just caught the moment when Samokhin got involved in this business, was with him, saw preliminary sketches.
Like an old ZiLovets, Samokhin would have been glad to do something original and fresh, but he was bound inside himself by the limited production potential of the plant and a financially bleak situation. He said so: what's the point of doing something that we still can't put into production? As if not speaking to the end: I'd rather do worse, but more realistic. Therefore, Potekhin's interesting solutions gradually disappeared, in order to be able to use serial components and assemblies.
Here is a photo from Samokhin's presentation booklet: 
At the same time, ZiL began developing the second version of the car, taking the design from Svyatoslav Sahakyan, a talented artist who worked at ZiL at one time, and then made his own design studio. On his own initiative, he offered a completely stunning design that everyone liked, despite some obvious layout flaws. This car received the nickname "bug" from the factory workers for its characteristic outline. So they called her, in the process of work and even wrote with a capital letter, as a proper name: Bedbug.
In the process of working on these two projects, a differentiation took place: the Bedbug became the main and main by default, and the sample No. 1 developed according to the residual principle. The Samokhinskaya car was difficult to arm, and the Sahakyanovskaya one was perfect. Therefore, the main resources were thrown at her, not at all rich, despite Luzhkov's support.
In October 2008, it was time to move from small layouts to building full-size layouts. Samokhin in his studio laid down the landing layout, placing it directly opposite the large window on the first floor.
Let me remind you that the work was carried out under the heading "secret", a very limited circle of people had access to it, not everyone could enter boxes No. 130 and 131 of KEIR. I remember talking with ZiL's transmission operator Nikolai Zhuravlev and casually compared some of the solutions for the 4362 car with the Punisher. He made an incomprehensible face, saying that "he does not know any Punisher." Well, well, I thought.
By that time, he and Yuri Tkachenko had almost completed the design of the undercarriage for model No. 1, with air suspension, like in 4362, only of a more progressive design. Here is their chassis:
In October, a certain S. Sakharov (we are not familiar, so I call him “someone”, I hope he will not be offended), the chief designer of CJSC “Fort Tekhnologiya” (which has some relation to the CSN of the FSB), joins in the work on the Bedbug. This, as the ZiLovtsy say, is "a very serious structure." Sakharov acts as a booking consultant. For the potential, of course, no one plans to book the first running model. But it must be done in such a way that the subsequent booking does not cause problems.
Here's how the bug was built:
A life-size model was built in September 2009. It was a precocious creation, on KamAZ bridges, with a primitive frame, with body parts cut from plywood. We were in a hurry to show the Bug to Luzhkov and test him for the convenience of embarkation and disembarkation. For this, they even attracted real fighters, with uniforms. Everything was non-standard there, it was not clear how it worked and whether it was possible to design the car further. Again, there are problems with visibility, which, although it meets GOST, still remains peculiar. The design and layout of the Bedbug was intensively discussed in the comments to my very first post about the Punisher, where Stepanov told a lot of details. But then, unfortunately, I deleted all my revelations.
So, the model of the Bedbug, thanks to Sakharov's advice, was made taking into account the booking requirements for class 6a, the armor was meant to be composite, the most modern (ceramics and highly oriented polyethylene on UD). I will allow myself one more quote:
“The created design of the car and body, the crew's back-to-back landing method allow for a 360-degree view of the terrain and shelling. The roof, the side surfaces of the body are maximally adapted for conducting combat with the provision of shooting from a standing and sitting position, and in the case of leaving the vehicle to fight next to a moving vehicle, a fighter has the opportunity to use the vehicle and its elements as protection. The V-shaped design of the car bottom in combination with the use of special anti-explosive seats for the crew can significantly reduce the impact on the crew from the shock wave of the explosion under the wheel or the bottom of the car. "
Luzhkov's inventive fantasy played out again, like a baby who has grasped LEGO. The highest mayor's order was ordered to reduce the length at the expense of the rear swing doors, "otherwise it doesn't look." Someone told Luzhkov that an electric motor-wheel was being made at Energia and he ordered to put it on the Punisher. Well, etc.
But. By September 2009, Yurmikhalych was no longer sitting in his chair as firmly as a year ago, dissatisfaction with him was already felt at the very top. Those who were at this meeting talk about sadness and some even doom in his gaze. By and large, Luzhkov was no longer up to the Punisher, his recommendations were the last wave of the magic wand of an unlearned inventor. Just before his resignation, when everything was already clear to everyone, Luzhkov wrote to ZiL almost a billion rubles from the Moscow budget, and it was generous exclamation mark, thank you, like, for your cooperation.
And what about sample # 1? Sluggish fuss continued with him, building a landing model and developing layout options. There were several options - with a direct drive and with an onboard, both two- and three-axle. The airborne version with the ZIL-49072 razdatka was proposed by SKBshniki represented by Yuri Sobolev, but these proposals did not go into action. The landing layout, more or less ready only by 2010, was biaxial.
A version with a movable bridge a la Luzhkov remained in development, drawings were made, and even another patent application was filed. The car with a movable axle was named Bison. But it did not come to the construction of a running model.
In general, it seems that ZiL did the work according to model No. 1 only in order to occupy his design department with something, all its honored veterans, the same Tkachenko and Zhuravlev. This is a kind of charity: work, feel useful. It's funny, but all the "old people" worked the old-fashioned way, on drawing boards, exhausting mountains of paper, and the Bug was made entirely "in digital". I do not think that Laptev and Mazepa seriously wanted to build two completely different structures at once, there would not be enough funds for this. In addition, after the resignation of the "good genius" ZiL fell into oblivion and lack of money, stopping all production on the eve of the new 2011 year.
The bug was made by a young team that received high salaries relative to the "oldies". This is also an indicator of priority, by the way. The team of authors of Klop looks like this: Sahakyan, Chirkov (design), Stepanov (chassis), Oshurkov (body, layout), Potekhin (idea and ideology). Of course, the leadership is also inscribed here - Silin, Laptev and Mazepa. The latter, however, was more of a chief designer than an administrator.
The bug, as I said, was put on a temporary chassis, there were not even shock absorbers, or rather, there were, but not in the suspension of the wheels, but between the body and the frame, so as not to hit the ass too much. At the same time, Stepanov was building a more or less permanent chassis, subscribing the necessary units from abroad. Basically, of course, ZF firms, it was Mazepa's demand. In short, the gearbox and transfer case were ZF. I was surprised: Andryukha, why didn't you order them in one crankcase, why don't you intermediate shafteating up space? In addition, the box and the dispenser turn out to be misaligned, and these are beats and a decrease in the resource ... Stepanov answered: this is an intermediate stage, if they let everything be done as I planned, it will be a single unit, and the remaining space will be occupied by a thousand-liter fuel tank... For the military has one of the requirements - 700 km "without recharging".
We must pay tribute to Stepanov: even from the imposed units, he built an elegant structure, assembling all the filling inside the frame. Interestingly, the steering gear is fixed on a stretcher, which is not typical for such machines, and the springs are on outboard brackets (their front mountings are also on a stretcher). The springs here serve only as an elastic element, the guiding function is performed by special longitudinal levers, they also serve as kinematic limiters of the bridge rebound travel. The shock absorbers had to be made paired, since there were no suitable ones in the ZIL range, in the future they plan to switch to MAZ ones. Bridges - Zilovskie, with a track widened to 2100 mm.
In general, Stepanov cherished a dream far from the Punisher - to make a chassis suitable for rally raids. A kind of ZiLovsky version of the KamAZ-Master. Only at KAMAZ, the original sports chassis became in demand among the special services, and here war machine could become athletic.
The total cost of building the Bedbug was a little more than 11 million rubles, which is not so much, Yo-Auto spent twice as much on its first prototypes. But the car as of the end of 2010 remained mock-raw, spectacular, but unfinished.
And that money ... No more. Sobyanin all these projects to the light bulb, the Ministry of Defense also does not want to finance a risky design. And here Fort-Technology appears again and shows interest in Bedbug. In early 2011, there was a persistent rumor: The bug is being sold. I don’t know any details and I don’t even want to build versions - who talked to whom about the sale, with what result ... The fact is that work on the bug at ZiL was stopped (well, or almost stopped - Stepanov continued work on the chassis). And Slava Sahakyan's studio received an order from Fort-Technology to develop ... That's right, a clone of the Bedbug. Remember, Berezovsky once boasted: why should I buy newspapers and TV channels? Enough to buy their managers! So here: why buy a Bedbug, when you can do almost the same, but better, bypassing the ZIL patents or even not bypassing them. With what fright Fort-Tekhnologiya wanted to try herself in autobuilding, I don't know, but I think it's all about the unusually effective design, which Sakharov decided to bring to condition and flaunt it. But, again, the details and motivations are unknown to me.
Sahakyan did a similar design for the Fort, removing the sliding doors and smoothing out some of the other radicalisms. But in general, the Bedbug remained the Bedbug, even changing the owner. Fort-Tekhnologiya turned out to be a much more agile company than ZiL, obviously less constrained in funds and very quickly built a running model. We did it in Naberezhnye Chelny, on the basis of the KamAZ-Master, simply by putting the Saakyan body on the sports KamAZ chassis. It was on this machine that Chagin was having fun at the Dmitrov training ground and her photo got into the network. The car is still damp, work continues on it, but the horizon is already outlined and the result is close.
And what about ZIL?
Oh, ZiL has a second wind! The assignment of Klop's design led to the fact that the same Sahakyan was ordered new project Punisher! Only not one-volume, but two, closer to the classics. There is a version why this happened: they say, Samokhin designed his model number 1 so carefully that the ZiLovtsy began to literally moan. He will approve one design option, they will begin to produce it, then Samokhin comes with the next edits - and everything has to be redone. And so many times. The stone flower did not come out of sample No. 1, well, nothing! Although for this case, both the original distribution box and the CV joints were developed.
The Punisher project has already become almost the main one for ZiL in terms of the employment of designers, technologists and the entire experimental workshop. If it were not for him, it would be necessary to disperse this horde of engineers, and the Punisher kept it, allowed to get some kind of funding. And the new director, albeit a weak-willed bum, seemed to support the Punisher.
In general, Sahakayan received one more order. But he did it for a long time, brought a large number of options, each more fun than the other.
In short, I broke all the terms. Therefore, in order not to stagnate, ZiL again slightly cheered up sample No. 1, trying to make it as unified as possible with the existing ZiL product line. The imported diesel was abandoned in favor of the YaMZ-536. But they kept the idea of \u200b\u200ba rolling axle.
Here, finally, it is affirmed new design Sahakyan. And ZiL is again working on two versions of the Punisher at once, as in the old days! Again - this is now, literally in our days. The last version of the Punisher is behind the scenes called "Boat", it looks like this:
There is an opinion that they want to assemble it again, but I do not believe in it, three cars at the same time is too much for ZiL.
This photo shows the three main creators of the Bedbug: Sergey Oshurkov, Vladimir Mazepa and Andrey Stepanov.
What will happen to these projects in connection with the upcoming re-profiling of ZiL? I have no idea. They probably will. Maybe the new leadership in the person of Igor Kulgan will want to continue working, but it is unlikely, God forbid, that the Boat could be completed.
PS: specifically for the management of ZiL, I inform you that not a single photo stolen from you was used in this note. Some I shot myself, some came to me from other sources. If you have any questions related to copyright, you have a great opportunity to ask me through the courts.
"Falcatus" is still covered with a veil of secrecy - the special services know how to keep their secrets. Nevertheless, at the end of February 2016, the head of the Russian FSB, Alexander Bortnikov, presented to Russian President Vladimir Putin and Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu new armored vehicles - "Falcatus" and "Viking", which had already replenished the vehicle fleet of the FSB Special Purpose Center (CSN). Moreover, "RT" even published a video from the then presentation.
According to the head of the Federal Security Service Alexander Bortnikov, the equipment was developed for the special purpose units of the department. The cars are armored according to the highest protection class 6A in accordance with the Russian State Standard. It assumes protection from the armor-piercing incendiary bullet of the SVD sniper rifle, fired even at close range.
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The FSB Special Purpose Center is a special forces unit of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation. The CSN of the FSB of Russia included: Office "A" ("Alpha"); It is an independent structure in the FSB of Russia, the head of the CSN is directly subordinate to the First Deputy Director of the FSB of Russia. |
Not postponing indefinitely after the public exposure, on April 13-14, 2016, the FSB and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia carried out a counter-terrorist operation in the village of Leninkent, Kirovsky district of Makhachkala (Dagestan), during which the promising Falkatus armored car was checked in a combat situation. As they wrote then "Russian newspaper" (15.04.2016) and blog bmpd with reference to the National Anti-Terrorism Committee of Russia, during the neutralization of a bandit group involved in blowing up a convoy with servicemen of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation and other crimes, three militants were rendered harmless. Other details of the tests were not specified then.
Falkatus armored cars were spotted in Tatarstan and the North Caucasus. The cars moved in the general stream, accompanied by the police and got on the car DVRs, who posted the recordings on the Web.
In broad daylight, on May 21, 2017, in Sevastopol (Crimea), they spotted five Falkatus special vehicles at once. Accidental drivers witnessed the passage of a column of armored vehicles protected from all sides. Video (Youtube / Alexey Eliseev) published on May 22, 2018 tV channel "Zvezda"».
And to the 20th anniversary of the FSB Special Purpose Center tV channel "Zvezda" prepared a series of programs dedicated to this closed special unit. And in the first gear ("Military acceptance" of 10/14/2018) The Falcatus could be seen from all sides and from the inside.
Fragment of the program "Military acceptance" from 10/14/2018, TV channel "Zvezda".
"Falkatus" - not "Punisher" and not "Bedbug"
It would seem that "Falcatus" has already lost its aura of mystery, nevertheless, it is still considered a modernized armored car, no less than the Punisher project. Note, a strange name for the project, which I noted in an interview Komsomolskaya Pravda (09.07.2015, Alexander Boyko) one of the officers of the Russian Ministry of Defense:
- It is hard to imagine that an armored car for the power departments of Russia was named "Punisher".
However, a military expert, editor-in-chief of the magazine, interceded in the same publication for the bloggers who dubbed the "Punisher" an unprecedented special armored vehicle. "National Defense" Igor Korotchenko:
- There is a struggle for the state defense order, and market participants use marketing and information techniques, in particular, with the substitution of the name of the car. Such reliable assault armored vehicles and mobile fortresses are needed for counter-terrorist operations. And what they are called at this stage is not so important.
Himself Svyatoslav Sahakyan - the famous Russian transport and industrial designer, who was dubbed the creator of the "Punisher" on the Web, then explained to the journalist "KP" literally the following:
- I had to develop the design of the car, which is called the "Punisher" or "Antigradient" on the Internet. These names have nothing to do with this development. My design work was focused on ensuring the safety of the personnel of the armored car, from which it would be possible to fire all types of small arms on the go. I can't say anything else. I have no right.
The history of the "Punisher" - "Bedbug" - "Antigradient"
Below you can see the very first photo of the so-called "Punisher" that blew up the blogosphere in spring 2012.
The first public photo of the "Punisher", taken during tests at the Dmitrov test site of the Central Research Automobile and automotive Institute (US).
It is worth noting that at that time information about the unknown monster simply could not physically be obtained from official sources. But there are more than enough "experts" on the Internet. Due to the lack of reliable information, experts and the public began to speculate about the origin of the mysterious armored car. In particular, a version was expressed about the construction of a machine based on one of the company's chassis. "KamAZ", which made it possible to consider this enterprise as at least one of the participants in a new project carried out jointly with "AMO ZIL" and CJSC "Fort Technology", which, due to disagreements between the participants, could not bring to mind joint developments - they say, everyone pulled the blanket over himself.
This is where the version about a certain PROJECT came from, in which several organizations are involved. Nobody knows where the name "Punisher" came from. There is another version regarding the "Punisher", but it will be stated below. However, that's how he christened him rusautomobile blog in early spring 2012.
At the end of March of the same year, information appeared that the armored car, the photo of which got on the Internet, was built on the basis of the KamAZ-4911 chassis and had some differences from the "Punisher" in its basic (???) configuration.
What served as the base? According to the blog Rusautomobile The "Punisher" was preceded by the futuristic "Bedbug", which received such a nickname for the original version of the armored vehicle design, which had significant differences from the existing and developed technology at that time. It was this design that began to be firmly associated with the name Svyatoslav Sahakyants... The photo below is the same "Bug".
The prototype of the bug machine. Photo Rusautomobile.livejournal.com
"Bear" "Bug" is not a friend, but a half-brother
Sometimes bloggers associate with "Bedbug" and "Bear". And that's why - both of them were developed at the same time on the same technical base concern "ZiL" and on the same tactical and technical assignment, issued on a competitive basis to several Russian diversified enterprises back in 2002. According to one version, it was the Chechen war that served as a defining moment in the name of the project - "The Punisher".
It is worth recalling that the counter-terrorist operation regime in Chechnya was officially ended only in 2009, and at the beginning of the 2000s (after the second Chechen campaign) it became obvious that not only the military, but also the militarized special services had an armored car of the class MRAP.
SPM-3 / VPK-3924 / "Bear" turned out to be quite "traditional".
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"Medved", in contrast to "Klop", was developed by the designers of a specialized holding Military Industrial Company (chief designer Stanislav Anisimov) and the staff of the department wheeled vehicles MSTU headed by Alexander Smirnov... The designers of the "Bear" claim that only a tank can be stronger than it. In the fall of 2008, the armored car was presented at the exhibition of means to ensure the security of the state, and in 2013, following the results of the latest ballistic tests, the car was included in the state defense order for the Ministry of Internal Affairs. "Falkatus", strikingly similar to "Bedbug", received a "residence permit" in the FSB Central Service Center.
Despite the same V-shaped bottom design and the high height of the habitable compartment relative to the ground, which effectively deflect the blast wave from mines, grenades and land mines to the sides, the vehicles were built on different chassis. "Bear" is assembled from serial units and assemblies of the "Ural".
"Bedbug", however, did not receive its own, "ZiL" chassis, which was developed specifically for it. According to rumors, a life-size model (mostly plywood) was assembled at the KAMAZ bridges by September 2009, but not at the native plant, but at KamAZ. It will hardly be possible to verify this - the prototype has not survived. It was simply dismantled after the ZiL began to die. The Ministry of Defense has curtailed funding for the "raw" project, switching to the "Tiger".
They say even Yuri Luzhkov (the then mayor of Moscow) at the end of September 2009 managed to give several "valuable instructions" about the design of the hull and the power plant, which, however, were ignored when assembling the prototype.
Where did "Antigradient" come from?
Nobody knows this. The discussion in the press of the Punisher Bedbug caused a negative reaction from the management of AMO ZIL. Indeed, the project is secret. As a result, some of the already meager publications were removed.
In the summer of 2012, the flow of information (and rumors) about the Punisher project dried up, and resumed three years later, when in late May-early June 2015, photographs and videos taken by motorists in Tatarstan began to appear. Then, in addition to the "Punisher", the appearance of the "Viking" was also noted. In the summer of 2015, the Viking was seen on a city road in Naberezhnye Chelny.
In publication "Russian newspaper" ("The secret armored car" Falkatus "was noticed in Dagestan", 04/15/2016) signed Timur Alimov it says:
"... during its creation, the armored car received several names, in particular," Bedbug "and" Antigradient "."
Falkatus in figures and facts
So, the "Punisher" project was originally developed by the Moscow AMO ZIL for the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, and since 2010, the creation of the machine was taken over by CJSC "Fort Tekhnologiya" and the customer was the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation.
It is curious that the bonneted "Falkatus" turned out to be 3 tons lighter than the bonded "Viking" - 15 420 kg versus 18 650 kg. Most likely, this is why the kapotnik got a less powerful (53 hp) engine and robotic box instead of 16-speed mechanics.
In turn, the name "Viking" hides a project BKM-49111developed by the Moscow State Technical University. Bauman. It is noted that this vehicle is "more durable and cheaper than the armored personnel carrier."
From unofficial sources it is known that both trucks were created on the all-wheel drive chassis KamAZ-4911 Extreme - the "civil" version of the Dakar KamAZ ( wheel formula 4 × 4, gross weight - 12 tons, engine YMZ-7E846 with a capacity of 730 hp, maximum speed - 200 km / h, climbing angle - not less than 36 degrees, turning radius - 11.3 m, fuel consumption - 30 l per 100 km at a speed of 60 km / h).
KamAZ does not confirm its participation in the development of the armored car, but it does not deny it either. I will not insist, but I will quote an excerpt from the above-mentioned publication in Rossiyskaya Gazeta:
“… Falcatus, according to available information, was created on the basis of the chassis of the KAMAZ 4911 Extreme truck - such people participate in the Dakar rally. According to some sources, even an eminent racer, a multiple champion from the KAMAZ-Master team Vladimir Chagin, was involved in testing the armored car. "
According to information "Auto Mail.Ru" , with reference to the bases of a closed department, "Falkatus" is equipped with a 17-liter 830-horsepower turbodiesel of the Tutaev plant and a 12-speed ZF robot. The spring suspension arrangement is also characteristic: on each wheel installed pair (!) doubles hydraulic shock absorbers.
According to various sources, the armored vehicle is equipped with a 185-horsepower four-cylinder diesel engine Cummins or an eight-cylinder diesel engine of the Yaroslavl plant YaMZ-7E846. In the latter case, a motor with a power of 730 horse power allows to accelerate up to 200 km / h a vehicle weighing 12 tons.
Despite the original external design, the technical layout of "Falcatus" is not much different from other machines of this purpose. The engine and transmission are located at the front of the chassis. Per engine compartment the driver's and commander's seats are located, the rest of the space is given for ammunition and landing. One of the features of the armored car's interior is the location of the fighters back to back, which provides all-round visibility. In addition, there is evidence that the seats are being transformed so that the wounded can be transported.
As you can see in the frames, the car has a whole set of doors. Behind the seats for the driver and commander on both sides, there are side-opening double doors to the troop compartment. There is also a double-leaf door in the aft section: the lower sash forms a step when opening, and the upper sash can be folded back separately, which makes it possible to conduct relatively aimed fire on the move. All doors are equipped with narrow viewing windows and loopholes. There is a round hatch in the roof above the troop compartment. It is not ruled out that in the future some kind of weapons will be installed instead.
Komsomolskaya Pravda (09.07.2015) notes:
“The wheels of the car are protected from bullets and shrapnel with steel sheets, and the armored windshield has a tilt angle that will not allow the grenade launcher to hit the cabin. He'll just ricochet. The truncated forms of the armored hull with a V-shaped bottom indicate that the developers have taken care of increasing mine resistance and increasing the survivability of the crew on the battlefield. The blast wave will go away from the car body. "
***
"... The" Falcatus "will have a larger brother" Viking "- in fact, a mobile fortress, from which the soldiers will be able to shoot even from grenade launchers."
The original video of the "Falkatus" armored car in Temryuk (Krasnodar Territory) was posted on May 25, 2017 on the Rutube channel │ PAA TAL CZECHIA
Overall material rating: 4.9
The past of this machine is very, very thorny; and its future has not yet been determined. Until recently, it generally seemed very vague and doubtful. But, after we saw a car similar to the Batmobile in Tatarstan in 2015, it seemed to me that now, the series may already be close.
Work on the ZIL Punisher began back in 2002. Imagine -14 years have passed! But, from the very beginning, this project did not receive state funding. At some point, the Punisher project completely stalled. But, literally, he breathed life, the then mayor of Moscow,— Luzhkov Yuri Mikhailovich. And the history of the Punisher got a new round.
Initially, in the development of ZIL the Punisher, active participation, 
hosted by the engineer,—
Andrey Stepanov. They say that he was interested not so much in the military as in sports, application, his cars. For this reason, the first models of the Punisher received many imported components. Which, you see, can hardly be called a plus, in the context of sanctions, and, accordingly,—
possible disruption of supplies of necessary components.
In general, the car shown in 2015 is very radically different from earlier models of an armored carZIL.
SeeingZIL Karatel,in the photo, some are already eager to buy it. Undoubtedly, this car looks very cool; but there is no data yet about the price of this domestic armored car.
- About appearance:
The photo of ZIL the Punisher, attached to the article, shows cars of the 2015 model. 
But I would like to note that the early samples differed in much larger, side windows, and this caused many questions. Indeed, a large area of \u200b\u200bglazing has never increased the survivability of armored vehicles. But at the same time, pay attention to what angle the windshields of the Russian Armored Car are tilted. Undoubtedly, such an angle, very strongly, increases the likelihood of a ricochet.,
and minimizes damage.
Looking ahead in visibility, 
add thatKaratel,equipped with 6 cameras, external review... So without even looking through armored glass, the driver of the armored car, sees everything that happens in the perimeter of his car.
Pay attention to the wheels covered with armor. Agree— this is not a very superfluous solution for a car of this kind.
Curb weight, armoredKaratel, is 8t. And it was in this moment that the early ZIL Punisher received a good portion of criticism. Indeed, with such a curb weight, its carrying capacity is only 800 kg, and this, for a car with a crew of 10 people! Moreover, these are not ordinary passengers, but soldiers, with heavy ammunition. So far, payload data, upgradedKaratel,not. But it is obvious that for the launch of the car in series, this moment must necessarily be resolved.
Quite a few questions, aroused and security, 
previous versions, this armored car. Then, the creators of the machine, said that their brainchild was able to withstand shelling from small arms, caliber 7.62. But why is such a machine needed when, even then, it could withstand a 12.7 caliber? And how, such - earlyKaratel,would have behaved when detonated by a land mine? All this, as well as the bridges not covered by any armor, aroused quite a few questions.
- About the salon:
The photo shows the layout of the cabin, 
still early car... This photo shows that the squad leader is sitting to the right of the driver; 6 fighters sit back to back and exit through the side doors; and two more fighters sit in the back and exit through rear doors... Such a landing, and such a not small number of doors, plays on the speed of dismounting,—
and in some situations, this can be very important.
Specifications ZIL Punisher
Initially,ZIL Karatel, equipped with a small, four-cylinder, Italian dieselCummins,at 185hp It is clear that for such a heavy machine, this motor,— it's just "nothing". And to me personally, it is not clear what kind of Dakar you could think of, with such a motor?
But later, the ZIZ Punisher Armored Car, received a heart - YaMZ-7E846. It,V8installed on a sports truck just participating in the Dakar. And with such an engine, the Punisher is able to accelerate to 200 km per hour!
Yes, is this speed necessary for a car in this direction?— the question is very controversial. And the consumption, at 50 liters per 100 km, raises questions for many.
But, with such an appearance, and with such a motor, the Punisher already has his own formidable charisma, and this is able to attract rich, private buyers.
By the way, the chassis, the latest version of the Punisher, is also here, from the KAMAZ-4326 (Dakar car).
- Outcomes:
In its present form,Karatel,it is obvious that it is not without its shortcomings, but now, it also has strong advantages.
So far, there is no data on the armor protection of the "patched" Punisher, and this, of course, is very important for an armored car. In case the projectKaratelwill receive a continuation, and even more so if it goes into series, we will definitely return to this most interesting car.
The last few years have been marked by the fact that new types of armored vehicles are being created in our country for the army and the Ministry of Internal Affairs. There is a constant debate around this positive trend, and each only adds fuel to their fire. The topic "Punisher" has become a typical representative of armored cars, which have become the subject of widespread discussion. Recall that the general public became aware of it a few years ago, but then very little information got into the public domain. Only the name of the competition and the approximate purpose of the finished car became known. Of course, this did not please fans of automotive and military equipment, and at the same time caused a huge amount of speculation. It is worth noting especially the claims to the title of the topic. In the simple, albeit harsh word "Punisher", some citizens saw allusions to thugs in gray uniforms and with "schmeissers", while others began to wonder who this "Punisher" would punish? Is it not theirs, intelligent and conscientious, but disagreeing with the regime? However, all this can be recognized as a specific course of discussion caused by a lack of information about the project.
In late March, discussion of the "Punisher" was resumed with new strength... He was spurred on by only one photograph taken at the Dmitrov training ground. Maybe it would have gone unnoticed, but ... Firstly, no official information was attached to the photo, and secondly, the captured car looked very unusual. As a result, it was not immediately clear who the author of the project was, and by that time many noted that such a technique would rather have a place in science fiction films or computer games. And in truth, the "Punisher" in the photo looks like a hybrid of the Batmobile (Batman's vehicle) and an armored car from the game Half-Life 2. Naturally, it attracted attention. And immediately, technology lovers, experiencing information hunger, tried to "pull" as much information from the photograph as possible. Let's try to join them and carry out analytical work.
Some sources under the new photo of the "Punisher" indicated that this was the development of the KAMAZ plant. However, it soon became clear that in Naberezhnye Chelny they were working on a competitive project, but their project had nothing to do with the vehicle under discussion. The fact is that the fantastic armored car in the recently appeared photographs was taken at the ZIL plant. Even later, information appeared that the Kamsky Automobile Plant still has some relation to the ZiLovsky "Punisher": the demonstrated car is made on the basis of the KAMAZ 4911 chassis. In addition, according to unverified data, a certain company "Fort Tekhnologiya" is related to the ZiL plant project. for the armor protection of the new vehicle... Finally, the inscription on the "kenguryatnik" played a role in confusing the situation. new car... Instead of quite logical and understandable letters "ZiL" some "TsSN" are written there, which, as it became clear a little later, stands for "Special Purpose Center". It remains only to find out which power department this center belongs to. In general, the situation is complex and confusing. There is almost no official information, and even that came into circulation through third parties. Even if the origin of the machine is so mysterious, what can you expect from the design?
If the rumors about the KAMAZ chassis turn out to be true, then some conclusions can be drawn about the power plant and driving performance "Punisher". The 730-horsepower eight-cylinder diesel engine YAMZ-7E846 of the KAMAZ 4911 sports truck allows it to accelerate to two hundred kilometers per hour. Combined with a gross vehicle weight of up to 12 tons, this requires huge expense fuel - about 100 liters per 100 km. Perhaps a slight decrease in the characteristics of the originally sports chassis, for example, removing the turbocharger and simplifying the transmission, will allow an armored car based on "4911" to have tolerable performance not only in terms of driving, but also economically. So, most modern armored cars have maximum speed about a hundred kilometers per hour, and fuel consumption usually does not exceed 20 liters per "hundred". One way or another, the original suspension from the KAMAZ 4911 is not acceptable for a full-fledged combat vehicle and requires improvements. Whether they were and, if so, which ones, is still unknown. ZIL hides this information in every possible way. There is also a version about the undercarriage of its own design of the Likhachev Plant. But in this case, the analysis has nowhere to start from.
The body of the new armored car is no less mysterious. In the existing photograph from the Dmitrov test site, as well as on the one leaked to the network a couple of years ago, both prototypes look rather strange. In particular, the layout of the front part raises questions. If the engine compartment and bonnet look normal enough, then the glazing that follows it raises a lot of questions. Such glasses on vehicles are very unusual: large and located at an acute angle to the horizontal. One can only guess what it is like for the driver to look at the road through them and what are the viewing angles. At the same time, the insufficient forward and downward visibility, in which many people have already managed to blame the Zilov Punisher, looks not so bad against the background of more serious armored vehicles. Unfortunately, both available photographs of the car were taken in such a way that it is not possible to estimate its dimensions with sufficient accuracy. At the same time, there is reason to "suspect" the body of the machine in some vertical compression. In this case, the driver's head is close enough to the cab ceiling, which in combination with the design of the glass and bonnet can serve as a transparent hint. It seems that the "Punisher" from the ZiL plant, as viewed from the driver's seat, is somewhat reminiscent of trucks with a bonnet scheme.
However, there is no exact data about the location of the driver and the view from his place. On the Internet there are some concept art of the "Punisher", allegedly having the most direct relation to the project and allegedly leaked from the design bureau. They show the approximate layout of the cabin and the original design of the doors. So, when opened, their upper part goes up (attached to the roof on a hinge), and the lower part supported by cables goes down, where it serves as a step. In this case, the front doors, together with the rear doors, form wide enough hatches without B-pillars. Probably, it is in this way that you can ensure the normal opening of the doors with specific contours of the sides of the body, as well as make getting in and out more convenient. In the same 3D drawings, you can see that two seats are accessed through each rear side door. Thus, together with the driver in this configuration, five more soldiers can simultaneously ride (one on front seat and four in the back). Behind the "troop compartment", apparently, is the luggage compartment. On the existing photos of the armored car, it is almost invisible, but much better it is noticeable on all the same concept art. On the rear of the vehicle there is a wide enough cargo hatch with two doors. It is noteworthy that these flaps have a bucket shape and protrude beyond the car body. It remains only to guess why the armored car needs such things, but in the existing photos you can see that such a design of the tailgate "survived" to prototype... Trunk capacity, like other parameters of the car, has not yet been announced.
Let's move on to protection. The very word "armored car" implies the presence of some kind of armor. The most recent photo shows that the side doors received a much smaller glass than before. Probably, here the designers of ZiL followed the same path as the authors of many foreign armored cars - instead of large and fragile glass on the doors they put small ones with greater survivability in battle. And the vacant place was closed with armor plates. However, the huge, steeply sloped windshield hasn't gone anywhere. At the same time, judging by its shade and characteristic black stripes along the edge, the photographed sample has a bulletproof windshield. Unfortunately, the thickness and protection class of the glass are unknown. Likewise, there is no information on the metal elements of the reservation. Apparently, the entire protection of the "Punisher" must withstand at least 7.62-mm bullets of intermediate cartridges. As for mine protection, here too you have to rely on guesswork. For example, the characteristic contours of the underside of the body sides may hint at a general V-shaped underbody. However, the additional step and the angle in the photo do not allow you to see it. Although the armored car captured at the training ground may not have an anti-mine bottom. This version is supported by the fact that in the existing photo, despite the snow falling during the shooting, something resembling a differential can be seen behind the front lower flap. It is unlikely that such an important part of an all-wheel drive car would not have been "awarded" body armor.
Summing up, it should be noted once again that there is very little open information on the "Punisher" topic. For some reason of their own, the Ministry of Defense and the ZiL enterprise are in no hurry to share "secret knowledge." Therefore, you have to collect the crumbs and carefully analyze the existing one. So we cannot exclude the possibility that this article will be irrelevant and even incorrect in just a few days / weeks / months. But for this, the customer and developer of the "Punisher" must lift the veil of secrecy and publish a sufficient amount of information. Until then, we will have to use only what we have. But the main and, perhaps, the most important thing that can be learned from the "detective" with the "Punisher" right now is that the Likhachev Plant is still capable of creating new interesting projects. Against the background of the general state of the domestic auto industry, this gives rise to some optimism.
