e in the summer of 1963. A LAZ-695 modification body was chosen as a base, although some factory sources indicate another donor - the LAZ-695E bus. There were no fundamental difference between buses data - the difference was only in the mounted DVS, which, of course, was not on trolleybus. The official name, characteristic and logical for most products of the Lviv bus, has become LAZ-695T. (Everything is transparent here: 695 - base, "T" - trolleybus). Total factory workers manufactured 10 LAZ-695T trolleybuses, which remained working on Lviv routes.
The very first Lviv Trolleybus LAZ-695T №101 on the tests along the street by Gorodsky. Date of the picture - 1963. 10 such trolleybuses with factory numbers from №101 by №110 Koleli in the 1960s through the streets of Lviv.
A photo of another number of Lviv LAZ-695T - №104 on the route for the former Lenin Avenue (current prospect of freedom), shot dated 1964.
Laz-695t trolleybuses were fairly advanced for their time. For example, compared with the main trolleybus of the Soviets - MTB-82, the Lviv "horned" was more easy, economical and mannere, besides, could develop a speed of 50 km / h. Supported a trolley bus engine with a capacity of 78 kW, and part of the electrical equipment was located in the cabin. This has become another minus model in addition to the small doorways of the case from the donor LAZ-695B - small capacity and uncomfortable narrow passes between the seats. The average LAZ-695T service life was about 8 years.
Trolleybus LAZ-695T.
An unpleasant incident with the name of LAZ-695T, which firmly fixed the first party of Lviv trolley buses, occurred in 33 years. In 1996 by the company " Symaz"included in" Interstate auto association"It was upgraded serial model Diesel bus LAZ-695D with assignment of the name of his own "Tanya". As a result, with a light hand of particularly gifted marketers, the updated model of the diesel bus was also called LAZ-695T..
Staying in the framework of the "trolleybus" topics, it is possible to remember about one of the Western prototypes and design inspirationors for the domestic LAZ-695T. The photo below shows trolleybus Mercedes-Benz O 6600 T During test trips in Hamburg in the early 50s of the last century.
Trolleybus O 6600 T on Tests in Hamburg in November 1953
These trolley buses were built only 363 copies, and they were going on the buses Mercedes-Benz O 6600 H From "Daimler-Benz AG", the first of which was presented in 1951.
LAZ-699 and others were much more easy. And Kavz, which was planned to master the production of LAZ 5252, in the 1980s needed re-equipment.
Situation S. transport support Significantly deteriorated when the Soviet Union collapsed, and Ukraine proclaimed independence. As a result of the supply of buses, Ikarus buses stopped, and their large capacity buses (80-100 passengers) in Ukraine were not. Then the serial release of LAZ 5252 was forced to establish pretty quickly. True, since many of these buses gathered on an ambulance hand, they subsequently found a large number of flaws and defects. In the fall of 1992, Trolleybuses LAZ 52522 were designed on the basis of LAZ buses 52521 and LAZ 52523 different modifications; The first trolleybus was left in Lviv at number 001, he worked until 2008. Trolleybuses LAZ 52522 massively produced only for Lviv, modifications of the LAZ 5252 bus were distributed throughout Ukraine.
In the 1990s, Laz fell into a difficult position due to the fact that he did not have permanent suppliers of engines, and the engines ZIL and KAMAZ were no longer supplied to Lviv. Therefore, the modifications of LAZ 5252 had different engines, which, in fact, only differed. All engines demanded a big motor compartment, so rear doors In later modifications, became single.
In the summer of 1994, the plant has released the first LAZ-52522 trolleybuses with the ED 138AU2 motor from the electrotyazhmash A (Kharkov); The engine in them was located in the central part under the floor, so the rear doors of the trolleybus remained bivalve.
In early 1995, the plant began the serial release of the city bus LAZ-5252 with the Renault Midr engine 06.02.26.
In the late 1990s, LAZ 5252 showed their clothes (frequent small breakdowns), general low quality Executions and unreliability power aggregates. Trolleybuses 52522 had similar problems and could not compete with high-quality and cheap SHMW T2, which since 1993 was produced in the Southern Machine-Building Plant in Dnepropetrovsk. In the late 90s, new modifications were published - LAZ 52527, LAZ 52523 and LAZ 52528. In 1995, the Kharkov car repair plant has mastered the release of the Harz 5259 bus, which is almost completely inside and outside was "written off" with LAZ 5252, but this The bus was released only in 6 copies.
In 2002, restyling models of LAZ 5252 began, mainly LAZ 52527 and LAZ-52528 buses were updated. LAZ 52527 (old type) was supplied to Kiev in the late 90s, having passed restyling, the whole party of LAZ 52528 since 2006 operates in Lvov on bus route № 5. LAZ 52528 had a large price and a powerful Russian YAMZ engine 236He, the difference from 52527 models. The restyling trolley buses began two years later, after Laz produced a restyled LAZ 52522, having exchanged him on the Lviv trolleybus of the old version No. 008. The new trolleybus got a park number 008, under which he now works in Lviv.
In 2004, the LAZ A183 "Sitilas" was published - the 12-meter LAZ 5252 successor, very soon in production, and the articulated LAZ A292. LAZ 52528 and LAZ 52527 held on the conveyor another year, until 2005, while their production was completely discontinued. Trolleybus LAZ 52522 was delayed on the conveyor for another year, recently released models of the 2006 release were sent to Ternopil; A total of 85 laz 52522 trolley buses were released.
LAZ-5252 model range and modifications
During the production of LAZ 5252 in 1992-2006, 8 bus and 1 trolleybus modifications were issued (52522). These models externally almost do not differ from each other (except for the number of door sashs and volume of motorots); They differ only by engines. Years of production of LAZ 5252 and its modifications is mostly the mid-end of the 90s. LAZ 52522 (trolleybus) is considered to be an equal modification of LAZ 5252.
- LAZ 5252. - basic model with a Soviet engine.
- LAZ 52521 - The very first modification of LAZ 5252. The bus equipped with KAMAZ -7408.10 engine; had rear single doors. This bus is not massively produced due to the unreliability of the power units, which was characteristic and predecessor 5252 LAZ 4202.
- LAZ 52522. - Trolleybus based on LAZ 5252 modifications, which was designed at the end of 1992 and went into mass production since 1994. These cars had many shortcomings that had LAZ 5252, in particular quick corrosion of the body and small breakdowns of electrical equipment. The first series was produced until 1998. Restyling Trolleybus 52522 began in 2004, until 2006, 10 new cars were released. Since 2006, they replaced electrollas-183.
- LAZ 52523. - Bus with Renault Midr engine 06.02.26, LAZ applied Renault engine due to the fact that russian engines Yamz, KAMAZ and ZIL at that time were very voluminous and unreliable. He has been produced since 1992 until the end of the 1990s; Supplied to various cities of Ukraine, as well as in some cities of the Russian Federation.
- LAZ 52523. - cheaper option of LAZ-52523 bus with yamz engine-236A.
- LAZ 52524. - Bus with MAN engine; This model has not received widespread.
- LAZ 52527. - an updated bus with Raba D10TL160 E2 engine; release 1998-2005; This bus had certain elements of restyling and kept on the conveyor until 2005, along with 52528.
- LAZ 52528. - restyling LAZ 5252 with the engine of the YAMZ -236A (turbocharged); Rear doors have become single bed. The price of buses has become higher due to new construction materials and a more powerful engine. Sometimes he appeared as LAZ A172 in the documentation of the plant; Produced until 2005, until Sitilas was replaced by him.
- LAZ 52528. - option of the LAZ-52523 bus with the YMZ-236A engine, the release has begun in the late 1990s
- LAZ 52529. - with engine Cummins. C220, produced in small batches.
LAZ 5252 and its elements were applied on other buses of Lviv production:
- LAZ liner 12. - Intercity I. tourist bus new generation LAZ close to LAZ 5252;
- Harz 5259. - Bus Kharkov Car Related Plant (produced in 1995), the same with 5252 in dimensions.
LAZ 5252 successors in model row LAZ
- LAZ A183. - 12-meter low-level urban Lases, which replaced 5252.
- LAZ A292. - 18-meter low-blooded two-section urban Lases, articulated version A183
- Electromas-183. - 12-meter LAZ low-voltage trolleybus, which came to shift LAZ 52522.
- Electromas-301 - 18-meter low-blooded two-section Trolleybus LAZ, articulated version of LAZ E183.
Description of the model
| Specifications LAZ 5252. | |
|---|---|
| Class | Urban or (occasionally) long-distance bus |
| Model | LAZ 5252. |
| Modifications | LAZ 52521 LAZ 52522. LAZ 52523. LAZ 52523. LAZ 52524. LAZ 52527. LAZ 52528. LAZ 52529. |
| Project construction, year | 1977 |
| Designed | Lvivatobusprom |
| Years of production | 1992-2006 |
| Buses like LAZ 5252 | Harz 5259. Liaz 5256. |
| Predecessor | LAZ 4202. |
| Successor | Generation Neolaz. |
| Body | Carriage layout, fully galvanized and treated with Helios materials |
| Body length, mm | 11120 (first models in particular trolleybus) 11440 (Standard Length) |
| Moldings width, mm | 2500 |
| Height, mm. | 3075 |
| Wheelbase, mm | 5470 |
| Wheels | Radian, 4 × 2 (2 axes) |
| Tires | 10.00 R20. |
| Curb weight, kg | 10400 |
| Full weight, kg | 17070 |
| Brake system | Pneumatic double-circuit drum type, Installing ABS |
| Doors | Two / single mix 2-2-1; 2-2-2 |
| Equipment of doors | Shirma / whole tires; Developed glazing |
| Headlights) | Square + square fog |
| Bumper | Welded, black, clearly defined |
| Floor floor salon | Linoletic "Carpet" |
| Floor height salon over expensive, mm | 790 |
| 12 | |
| Seat | Paired and single, with foam and filler inside |
| Total seats | 26 28 |
| Handrails | Thin, galvanized steel with colorful coating |
| Ventilation | Through the hatches in the roof and sliding vents |
| Heating in Salon | Webasto 268.07, From electrical heater (trolleybus) |
| Illumination in the salon | Through floil lamps above the windows or on the ceiling |
| Complete capacity, people | 95, 97, 98, 100, 103, 108 |
| Driver cabin | Fenced off by a solid partition from the cabin |
| Cabin door | External (front door 1 door) From the salon |
| Dashboard | From plastic (the location of the instruments and their action is considered in the article LAZ 52522) |
| Side mirrors external view | Square and spherical |
| Steering | MAZ 64229. ZF Servocom |
| KPP | 5-speed RABA D10TLL 160 E2 or YAMZ-236 |
| Suspension | Dependent, pneumatic-spring |
| Control system (trolleybus) | Painty-contactor |
| Engine | Describes in detail from above |
| Engine (trolleybus) | Electrotyazhmash ED138AU2. |
| power, kWt | 130 (Trolleybus), 162, 169, 192 |
| Maximum deviation from contact network, m (trolleybus) | 4.2 |
| Fuel consumption at the speed. 60 km / h per 100 km, liters | 30, 32, 33, 35 |
| Acceleration from 0 to 60 km / h for, sec | 23-35 |
| Maximum speed Motion, km / h | 70, 75, 83 (trolleybus), 90, 95, 120 |
LAZ 5252 is the middle class bus, which is designed to work on urban transport. Externally, he remotely resembles Ikarus 260th series, but in fact it is quite independent development. The first experienced buses and trolleybus machines should in length 11? 12 meters, though later they rose somewhat long (up to 11? 4 meters), such dimensions inherent in all modern releases of this bus. The bus height is not more than 3 meters, the trolleybus rose another 20 centimeters due to the set of traction electrical equipment and the Bosch cooler.
Body bus carrying, car layout; The body design does not have special accept - it is quite square, as in Ikarus, but the buses are somewhat rounded. Lighting equipment on the front is represented by 2 headlights big size square shape, in updated models The headlights have blur at the low depth of inserts and greater light; Also 2 fog lightsBuilt into the bumper. Bumper bus Welded, large size, usually black. Above the bumper is the emblem of the Lviv bus factory.
The windshield of this bus is relatively small compared to its successors (however, it is enough to work the driver, if you look out of the cabin) the windshield is divided into two, 2 wiper moves are moved by traction levers, not the last problem of this row is a breakdown of wipers. Side mirrors outdoor installation Spherical, with a solid holder in the style of "Hare Ears", in old models of the mirrors were less and square, so they were very uncomfortable when managing the bus. Over the windshield are located routecript; LAZ 5252 and his fashion still set electronic scoreboard, so they use mechanical route indicators.
The bridge sidewalls are galvanized and have an anti-corrosion coating from Helios, it should be noted in the first variants of LAZ 5252 body had a much worse quality of the trim and did not have an applied anti-corrosion coating on all parts of the body, so the body's sheathing rapidly degraded. LAZ 5252 models suspension pneummatory, well level defects road covering, pits, bumps, etc., His predecessor LAZ-4202 used a mechanical suspension that quickly spoiled due to bad quality Roads inherent in Ukrainian roads. Also, this suspension provides a soft and smooth move of the machine, despite the high floor. The bus has two axes, with radian wheel rims.
The engine is located in the backside, on the back there is a motor compartment; LAZ 5252 mods depend on the bus that stands on the bus, Soviet engines were very voluminous and occupied a lot of space, because of which the capacity of the bus decreased. Laza 5252 is inherent in the loud operation of the engine, and the insulation of the salon is unsatisfactory. In Trolleybus LAZ 52522, the engine is placed longitudinally under the floor, the trolleybuses use a robust and contact system of control and there are engines of ED138AU2 from the Kharkov manufacturer of electrical machine; Engine ED138AU2 is much quieter than ŠKODA 14TR, for example.
The rear bumper of the bus is also big, brewed and black. Body LAZ 5252 bus and its mods has 3 entrance doors, front and medium - bivalves, the rear can be both single and two-door (depends on the modification), LAZ 52522 has three double doors. The problem of jamming the door drive was solved in the LAZ 5252 model, the doorway of these models has become a much rare phenomenon. First, the rubber covering of doors for depreciation was shirms, but later it became completely rubber.
LAZ 5252 buses are high-polished type models, 2 steps leads to the salon, and the floor height of the salon cargo part It is about 80 centimeters. Floor flooring LAZ 5252 - a linoleam letter alloyed throughout the salon. The handrails of the bus are thin, from galvanized steel, horizontal from above can be equipped with plastic handles (in newer models). The seats of old models were leather with a foam filler inside sofas; Since most seats were pair, the passage in the front of the cabin was too narrow. New buses have soft green velor seats of separate-type and smaller; Restyled buses are painted in yellow color. The bus has 2 accumulative sites for passengers opposite the middle and rear doors.
The windows of the LAZ 5252 bus are divided into newer modifications after restyling buses received tinted double-glazed windows. Ventilation in the cabin is represented by hatches on the roof and sliding vents. The lighting system in the cabin has changed: puffy luminaires made of sidewalls moved to the roof. The heating system is represented autonomous heater Webasto 268,07; Heating in Trolleybus LAZ 52522 occurs with an electric heater. The full passenger capacity of this bus varies depending on the modification and ranges from 95 to 108 people. The driver's cabin is separated from the salon with a solid partition, the front door of the front door opens autonomously and is designed only for the passage of the driver.
Dashboard black, plastic. The panel is conditionally divided into three parts, the speedometer is located on the left side, another socket for the speedometer is located on the middle part, the auxiliary instruments are located on the right side. Door-drive control buttons are located on the right side, the radio is located outside dashboard. The driver's seat in the first releases is a little foam filler and was less comfortable, armrests appeared in restyled climbs on it, the chair was made from various synthetic materials. The steering wheel on most old issues was standard Lazovsky, which was used all the then LAZ - MAZ-64229, which was used on LAZ 52522, the new Lazovsky steering wheel with the emblem of the ZF 8098 SERVOCOM plant with a hydraulic fluoretide is installed on restylinging models. Even restylingovani LAZ 5252 still did not grow, the gearbox mechanical 5-speed, "automatic" zf ecomat or voith uses already modern situlas. The bus movement control occurs with 3 pedals. The driver's cabin is equipped with a cabin inspection mirror, OM fire extinguisher and a first-aid kit. Windshield can be partially toned and also have protective screens from the sun.
Advantages of model LAZ 5252
- Unpretentious model, good adaptability to the roads of the CIS countries
- Pneumatic Spring Suspension Wives Road Defects
- Smooth overclocking
- Complete anti-corrosion treatment of the body from updated models
- Most drawbacks fixed in restyled models
- Low price
Disadvantages of model LAZ 5252
- High Pol
- Very noisy engines and bad noise insulation Salon
- Fast corrosion of body (old models)
- Small breakdowns of electronics and indicative devices
- Cold in the cabin in the cold season
- Duchot with full load in summer
- Manual Transmission
- Uncomfortable planning of seating sites in the cabin
- Unfigure of strength aggregates
Elements of restyling
Restyled LAZ 5252 received the following innovations:
- Intended tinted double-glazed windows on all cabin windows
- Complete anti-corrosion body processing and complete galvanized
- Improved layout of places in the cabin, replacement flooring on a linoleam carpet with shiny inclusions
- Replacing old seats on new green, velor, characteristic of minibuses
- New Baranca ZF Servocom 8098 (old - MAZ 64229) with a hydraulic agent, is now characteristic of the NeolaZ family
- New mechanical box Gear from YAMZ or Praga, new control pedals.
- Lighting equipment has blur at low depth. The glazing significantly increases the power of the headlights.
Technical characteristics of LAZ 52528
| Parameter | Characteristic |
|---|---|
| Modification | LAZ 52528. |
| Release, year | Since 2002. |
| Maud | Restyling |
| View | City Trolleybus |
| Similar | LAZ-5252 (1-9) |
| dimensions | 11440 × 2510 × 3075 |
| Wheel base, mm | 5470 |
| Floor height, cm | 79 |
| Suspension | Dependent, pneumatic-spring |
| Wheel formula | 4 × 2. |
| Minimum turn radius, m | 12 |
| Passenger capacity together | 95-103 |
| Sedent places | 28 |
| Formula doors | 2-2-1 |
| Heating | Webasto 268.07 |
| Ventilation | Forced |
| Curb weight, kg | 10400 |
| Full weight, kg | 17070 |
| Brake system | Pneumatic, dual-circuit, drum type |
| Tires | 10.00 R20. |
| Steering | YAMZ-236L |
| Transmission | Mechanical with 5 speeds |
| Engine | YAMZ-236NE |
| Engine power, kW | 169 |
| Fuel consumption at 60 km / h per 100 km, liters | 35 |
| Maximum speed, km / h | 95 |
see also
Write a review about Article "LAZ-5252"
Notes
Links
- History and modifications LAZ 5252 on the website Kharkov Transport (RUS.)
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An excerpt characterizing LAZ-5252
He could not have a goal because he now had faith - not faith in any rules, or words, or thoughts, but faith in a living, always experienced God. Before he was looking for him for the purposes he put himself. This quest is the goal was only the search for God; And suddenly he found out in his captivity not words, not reasoning, but by direct feeling that he had already spoken by Nyanyushka: that God is here, here, everywhere. He learned in captivity that God in Karataev is greater, infinite and incomprehensible than in the universe architect recognized by Masons. He experienced a sense of a man who found the desired under his feet, whereas he strained his eyesight, looking far from herself. He looked at his whole life where, on the goals of the surrounding people, and it was necessary to strain the eye, but only to look in front of him.He did not know how to see before the Great, incomprehensible and endless in anything. He just felt that it should be somewhere, and looking for him. In all close, understandable, he saw one limited, petty, everyday, meaningless. He was armed by a mental visual pipe and looked in the distance, where it was petty, life, hiding in the fog Dali, seemed to him great and endless because it was unclear apparently. Such a European life, politics, Freemasonry, philosophy, philanthropia appeared to him. But then, in those moments he considered his weakness, his mind penetrated him into this distance, and there he saw the same petty, life, meaningless. Now he learned to see the great, eternal and endless in everything, and therefore, it was natural to see him to enjoy his contemplation, he threw the pipe, which I still watched through the heads of people, and happily contemplated around himself forever changing, forever great , incomprehensible and endless life. And the closer he looked, the more he was calm and happy. Formerly destroying all his mental buildings, a terrible question: why? Now it did not exist for him. Now on this question - why? In his soul, he was always ready for a simple answer: then, that there is God, that God, without the will of which the hair does not fall from the head of man.
Pierre almost did not change in their external techniques. In appearance, he was exactly the same as he was before. Just as before, he was scattered and seemed busy not in front of his eyes, but with something special. The difference between the former and present state was that before, when he forgot what he was in front of him, what he was told, he, suffered by his forehead, as if he tried and could not see something far away from him . Now he also forgot what he was told, and what was before him; But now, with a little more noticeable, as if he was a mocking, smile, he peered at the very thing that was in front of him, listened to what he was told, although she saw and heard something completely different. He first seemed like a good man, but unfortunate; And therefore, they involuntarily distorted from him. Now the smile of the joy of life constantly played about his mouth, and in his eyes it was glowing to people - the question: Are they satisfied with the same as he? And people were nice in his presence.
Before he spoke a lot, he was hot, when he said, and he listened little; Now he rarely fond of conversation and knew how to listen so that people willingly expressed him their most sophisticated secrets.
Princess, never loved Pierre and who fed to him especially hostile feeling since after the death of an old graph, she felt obliged to Pierre, to the annoyance and surprise to her, after a short stay in Orel, where she came with the intention to prove Pierre, which, Despite his ingratitude, she considers her duty to go after him, the princess soon felt that she loved him. Pierre nothing focused on the location of the princess. He only considered it with curiosity. Before the princess felt that in his glance, there were indifference and ridicule, and she, as before other people, shrived in front of him and exhibited only her fighting side of life; Now, on the contrary, she felt that he seemed to have come to the most sincere sides of her life; And she first with distrust, and then with gratitude she told him the good sides of his character.
The most cunning person could not be skilled in the confidence of Princess, causing her memories of a better time of youth and showing sympathy for them. Meanwhile, all the trick of Pierre consisted only that he was looking for his pleasure, causing in an embittered, Cyha and in his proud princess human feelings.
"Yes, he is very, a very kind person when he is influenced not bad people, but such people as I," said Princess.
The change that happened in Pierre was noticed in his and his servants - Terentia and Vaska. They found that he was a lot of better. Terentines often, rank Barin, with boots and dress in hand, wishing the late night, slowed down, waiting if the barin will not enter the conversation. And the most part of Pierre stopped Terertia, noticing that he would like to talk.
- Well, tell me so ... yes, how did you get myself going? He asked. And Terente began a story about the Moscow ruin, about the late graph and long standing with a dress, telling, and sometimes listening to the stories of Pierre, and, with a pleasant consciousness of the proximity to him, Barin and friendliness to him, went to the front.
Dr., who treated Pierre and visited him every day, despite the fact that, according to the doctors, he considered his duty to have the kind of man, every minute of which is precious for the suffering mankind, stunned by Pierre's clock, telling her favorite stories and observations over the nrules of patients at all And especially the ladies.
"Yes, with such a person to talk nice, not what we have, in the province," he said.
Several prisoners of French officers lived in Orel, and the doctor brought one of them, a young Italian officer.
This officer began to go to Pierre, and Princess laughed at the tender feelings that the Italian expressed to Pierre.
The Italian, apparently, was happy only when he could come to Pierre and talk and talk about his past, about his house life, about his love and pour him his indignation on French, and especially on Napoleon.
"If all Russians although a little like you," he said to Pierre, - C "EST Un Sacrilege Que De Faire La Guerre a Un Peuple Comme Le Votre. [This is blasphemy - fight with such a people like you.] You have suffered so much. From the French, you don't even have anger against them.
And the passionate love of the Italian Pierre now earned only the fact that he called in it best sides His souls and admired them.
The last time of Pierre's stay in Orel to him came his old familiar Mason - Count Villarsky, - the one who introduced him to the lie in 1807. Villarsky was married to rich Russian, having big estates in the Oryol province, and held a temporary place in the city in the city.
Having learned that Lyuhov in Orel, Villarsky, although he was never briefly familiar with him, came to him with the applications of friendship and proximity that people expressly express each other, meeting in the wilderness. Villarsky missed Eagle and was happy, having met a man with him a circle and with the same as he believed, interests.
But, to his surprise, Villarsky noticed soon that Pierre was very lagged behind the real life and fell, as he himself defined Pierre, in Apathia and egoism.
- Vous Vous Encroutez, Mon Cher, [You are running, my dear.] - He said to him. Despite the fact that Villarsky was now more pleasant with Pierre than before, and he had been from him every day. Pierre, looking at Villarsky and listening to him now, strange and incredibly thinking that he himself was very recently the same.
Villarsky was married family man, occupied by the activities of the wife, and the service, and family. He believed that all these classes are a hindrance in life and that they all are condominized, because they are aimed at the personal benefit of him and family. Military, administrative, political, Masonic considerations were constantly absorbed by his attention. And Pierre, not trying to change his eyes, without condemning him, with his now constantly quiet, joyful mockery, admired this strange, so familiar to him the phenomenon.
In relations with Villarsky, with the princess, with the doctor, with all the people with whom he met now, in Pierre there was a new feature that threw him the location of all people: this recognition of the possibility of every person to think, feel and look at things in their own way; Recognition of the inability words to dissuade a person. This legitimate feature of every person who had previously worried and annoyed Pierre, now constituted the basis of the participation and interest he took in people. The difference, sometimes the committed contradiction of people with his life and between him, pleased Pierre and caused a mocking and meek smile in it.
In practical affairs, Pierre unexpectedly felt that he had a center of gravity, which was not before. Before, each monetary question, especially the requests for money, which he, as a very rich man, was very often given him to hopeless unrest and fearless. "Give or not give?" He asked himself. "I have, and he needs. But the other is even more necessary. Who needs more? Or maybe both deceivers? " And of all these assumptions, he had never found any exit and gave everyone until it was to give. For sure, in the same awake, he was first with every question relating to his condition, when one said that it was necessary to do so, and the other - otherwise.
Now, to his surprise, he found that there were no more doubts about all these issues. It was now the judge appeared, as unknown to him the very laws deciding what was needed and what it is not necessary to do.
He was just as before, indifferent to money; But now he undoubtedly knew what should do and what should not. The first application of this new judge was for him the request of the prisoner of the French Colonel, who came to him, who had told a lot about his exploits and at the end of the alleged demand that Pierre gave him four thousand francs to send his wife and children. Pierre without the slightest labor and tension refused to him, surprised later, as it was simple and easily what it seemed insoluble difficult. At the same time, refusing to the Colonel, he decided that it was necessary to use the trick for, leaving the eagle, to force the Italian officer to take the money in which he apparently needed. A new proof for Pierre His approved look at the practical affairs was his decision on the debts of his wife and on the resumption or renouncement of Moscow homes and cottages.
His chief manager came to the eagle, and Pierre made him a common account of his changed income. The fire of Moscow cost Pierre, according to the mainly managers, about two million.
The main right, in the consolation of these losses, presented to Pierre, the calculation that, despite these losses, its incomes not only will not decrease, but will increase, if he refuses to pay debts left after the Countess, which he cannot be obliged to If he does not resume Moscow houses and the Moscow region, which were worth eighty thousand annually and did not bring anything.
"Yes, yes, it's true," said Pierre, smiling having fun. - Yes, yes, I don't need anything like that. I became much richer from the ruin.
But in January, Savelich came from Moscow, told about the position of Moscow, about the estimation that the architect did him for the resumption of the house and the Moscow region, saying about it, as decided. At the same time, Pierre received a letter from Prince Vasily and other acquaintances from St. Petersburg. The letters discussed the debts of his wife. And Pierre decided that such a manager of the manager's plan was incorrect and that he needed to go to St. Petersburg to end the affairs of his wife and was built in Moscow. Why was it necessary, he did not know; But he knew no doubt that it was necessary. Revenues Its as a result of this decision decreased by three quarters. But it was necessary; He felt it.
Villarsky drove to Moscow, and they agreed to go together.
Pierre experienced a sense of joy, freedom, life at all of his recovery in Orel; But when he, during his journey, found himself on the free light, saw hundreds of new people, the feeling was even more intensified. He all tested the joy of a schoolboy on a vacation. All persons: a rummer, a caretaker, men on the road or in the village - everyone had a new meaning for him. The presence and comments of the Villarsky, who constantly complained about the poverty, backwardness from Europe, ignorance of Russia, just elevated the joy of Pierre. Where Villarsky saw the dead, Pierre saw the extraordinary mighty vulneral strength, the force that in the snow, in this space, supported the life of this whole, special and uniform people. He did not contradict Villarsky and, as if agreeing with him (since her pretended consent was the shortest means to circumvent reasoning, of whom could not go out), happily smiled, listening to him.
Just as it is difficult to explain why the ants of the scratched bodies rush, one away from the bodily, the burdens, eggs, eggs and dead bodies, others back to the bump - for which they face, catch up with each other, fight, - just as hard It would be possible to explain the reasons for those who made Russian people after the release of the French crowded in the place, which was first called Moscow. But as, looking at the ants scattered around the ruined bark, despite the complete destruction of the bodily, it is seen in the chain, energy, according to the countless insects, which is risen everything, besides something of an indestructible, the nice, constituting the full strength of the bore, is also And Moscow, in October, in the month, despite the fact that there was no bosses, nor churches, nor shrind, no wealth, nor houses, was the same Moscow as she was in August. Everything was destroyed, except for something inventiful, but powerful and indestructible.
The motives of people seeking from all sides to Moscow after her cleansing from the enemy were the most diverse, personal, and at the first time mostly - wild, animals. Only the urge was common to everyone - this is the desire of there, to the place that was first called Moscow, for the application there its activities.
A week later, there were already fifteen thousand inhabitants in Moscow, in two there were twenty-five thousand, etc. Everyone was towering and towering, the number of 1813 reached the figure, which is superior to the population of the 12th year.
The first Russian people who have entered into Moscow were the Cossacks of Winzinger's squad, men of neighboring villages and the inhabitants of the residents fled and hidden in its surroundings. Russians who joined the ruarseled Moscow, putting it plunder, began to rob too. They continued what the French did. Men's calls arrived in Moscow in order to take everything on the villages all that was thrown on the ruined Moscow houses and the streets. Cossacks were held out that they could, in their rates; The owners of the houses took all that they found other houses and transferred to themselves under the pretext that it was their property.
But the first robbers came other, third, and robbery every day, as the robbers increase, it became harder and more difficult and received more defined forms.
The French caught Moscow although empty, but with all the forms of organically well-lived city, with his various commerce, crafts, luxury, government, religion. These forms were lifeless, but they still existed. There were rows, shops, shops, labases, bazaars - most with goods; were factories, craft institutions; There were palaces, rich houses filled with luxury objects; There were hospitals, ostery, physicians, churches, cathedrals. The more French remained, the more these forms of urban life were destroyed, and at the end everything merged into one inhapless, lifeless field of robbery.
The French robbery, the more he continued, the more destroyed the wealth of Moscow and the strength of robbers. Robberies of the Russians, from which the Russian capital began, the longer he continued, the more participants in him, the faster he restored the wealth of Moscow and the right life of the city.
In addition to the robbers, the people are the most diverse, inhibitable - who is curiosity, who is a duty of service, who is the calculation, is homeowners, clergy, higher and lower officials, merchants, artisans, men - from different sides, like blood to heart, - poured to Moscow.
A week later, men who came with empty bass, in order to take things from things, were stopped by the bosses and are forced to export dead bodies from the city. Other men, glancing about the failure of comrades, came to the city with bread, oats, hay, knocking up the price of each other to the price below for the same. The artels of the carpenters, hoping on the expensive earnings, every day included in Moscow, and new on all sides, they were drunk, they reinforced at home. The merchants in the Balagans opened trade. Harchevni, the stall courtyards were arranged in burnt houses. The clergy resumed the service in many not polling churches. The donors brought looted church things. Officials adjusted their tables with cloth and cabinets with papers in small rooms. The highest superiors and the police managed the distribution of the well-remaining good after the French. The owners of those houses, in which there were many things left for things, complained about the injustice of their all things to the grain fest; Others insisted that the French from different homes were brought to one place in one place, and because he was unjustly to give the owner at home those things that he was found. Branled the police; bribed it; They wrote ahead of the estimates on the chasing statements; Required assistance. Count Mozpotchin wrote his proclamation.
At the end of January, Pierre arrived in Moscow and settled in the surviving flaghel. He went to the count to the count, to some familiar who returned to Moscow, and was going to go to St. Petersburg on the third day. All tried victory; All boiled life in the ruined and coming capital. Pierra were all glad; Everyone wanted to see him, and everyone asked him about what he saw. Pierre felt particularly friendly located to all people he met; But unwittingly now he kept himself with all people's relatives, so as not to tie himself with something. He for all the questions he was done - important or the most insignificant, - answered the same indefinitely; They asked him: where will he live? Will it be built? When is he going to St. Petersburg and will the drawers take rebel? - He answered: yes, maybe I think, etc.
He heard about the growth that they are in Kostroma, and the thought of Natasha rarely came to him. If she came, then only as a pleasant memory of the last past. He felt not only free from everyday conditions, but also from this feeling that he, as he seemed to be deliberately in favor.
11440 (almost all models)
History
Designing this bus with their roots leaves in the mid-1970s.
In January 1994, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine instructed the plant to begin production of LAZ-5252 city buses for the Ministry of Transport of Ukraine.
In the summer of 1994, the plant has released the first LAZ-52522 trolleybuses with the ED 138AU2 motor from the electrotyazhmash A (Kharkov); The engine in them was located in the central part under the floor, so the rear doors of the trolleybus remained bivalve.
In early 1995, the plant began the serial release of the city bus LAZ-5252 with the Renault Midr engine 06.02.26.
In the late 1990s, LAZ 5252 showed their clothes (frequent small breakdowns), the total low quality of performance and unreliability of power units. Trolleybuses 52522 had similar problems and could not compete with high-quality and cheap SHMW T2, which since 1993 was produced in the Southern Machine-Building Plant in Dnepropetrovsk. In the late 90s, new modifications were published - LAZ 52527, LAZ 52523 and LAZ 52528. In 1995, the Kharkov car repair plant has mastered the release of the Harz 5259 bus, which is almost completely inside and outside was "written off" with LAZ 5252, but this The bus was released only in 6 copies.
In 2002, restyling models of LAZ 5252 began, mainly LAZ 52527 and LAZ-52528 buses were updated. LAZ 52527 (old type) was supplied to Kiev in the late 90s, passing restyling, a whole Party of LAZ 52528 since 2006 operates in Lviv on the bus route No. 5. LAZ 52528 had a large price and a powerful Russian Yamz engine 236He, the fact that differed from 52527 models. The restyling trolley buses began two years later, after Laz produced a restyled LAZ 52522, having exchanged him on the Lviv trolleybus of the old version No. 008. The new trolleybus got a park number 008, under which he now works in Lviv.
In 2004, the LAZ A183 "Sitilas" was published - the 12-meter LAZ 5252 successor, very soon in production, and the articulated LAZ A292. LAZ 52528 and LAZ 52527 held on the conveyor another year, until 2005, while their production was completely discontinued. Trolleybus LAZ 52522 was delayed on the conveyor for another year, recently released models of the 2006 release were sent to Ternopil; A total of 85 laz 52522 trolley buses were released.
LAZ-5252 model range and modifications
During the production of LAZ 5252 in 1992-2006, 8 bus and 1 trolleybus modifications were issued (52522). These models externally almost do not differ from each other (except for the number of door sashs and volume of motorots); They differ only by engines. Years of production of LAZ 5252 and its modifications is mostly the mid-end of the 90s. LAZ 52522 (trolleybus) is considered to be an equal modification of LAZ 5252.
- LAZ 5252. - Basic model with a Soviet engine.
- LAZ 52521 - The very first modification of LAZ 5252. The bus equipped with KAMAZ -7408.10 engine; had rear single doors. This bus has not massively produced.
- LAZ 52522. - Trolleybus based on LAZ 5252 modifications, which was designed at the end of 1992 and went into mass production since 1994. These cars had many shortcomings that had LAZ 5252, in particular quick corrosion of the body and small breakdowns of electrical equipment. The first series was produced until 1998. Restyling Trolleybus 52522 began in 2004, until 2006, 10 new cars were released. Since 2006, they replaced electrollas-183.
- LAZ 52523. - Bus with Renault Midr engine 06.02.26, LAZ applied Renault engine due to the fact that Russian EMPs, KAMAZ and ZIL, were very voluminous at that time. He has been produced since 1992 until the end of the 1990s; Supplied to various cities of Ukraine, as well as in some cities of the Russian Federation.
- LAZ 52523. - Cheapest LAZ-52523 bus option with YMZ-236A engine.
- LAZ 52524. - Bus with MAN engine; This model has not received widespread.
- LAZ 52527. - an updated bus with Raba D10TL160 E2 engine; release 1998-2005; This bus had certain elements of restyling and kept on the conveyor until 2005, along with 52528.
- LAZ 52528. - restyling LAZ 5252 with the engine of the YAMZ -236A (turbocharged); Rear doors have become single bed. The price of buses has become higher due to new construction materials and a more powerful engine. Sometimes he appeared as LAZ A172 in the documentation of the plant; Produced until 2005, until Sitilas was replaced by him.
- LAZ 52528. - option of the LAZ-52523 bus with the YMZ-236A engine, the release has begun in the late 1990s
- LAZ 52529. - With the Cummins engine C220, produced in small batches.
LAZ 5252 and its elements were applied on other buses of Lviv production:
Main article: LAZ liner 9.
- LAZ liner 12. - long-distance and tourist bus of a new generation LAZ close to LAZ 5252;
- Harz 5259. - Bus Kharkov Car Related Plant (produced in 1995), the same with 5252 in dimensions.
LAZ 5252 successors in model row of LAZ
- LAZ A183. - 12-meter low-level urban Lases, which replaced 5252.
- LAZ A292. - 18-meter low-blooded two-section urban Lases, articulated version A183
- Electromas-183. - 12-meter LAZ low-voltage trolleybus, which came to shift LAZ 52522.
- Electromas-301 - 18-meter low-blooded two-section Trolleybus LAZ, articulated version of LAZ E183.
Description of the model
| Technical characteristics of LAZ 5252 | |
|---|---|
| Class | Urban or (occasionally) Long-distance bus |
| Model | LAZ 5252. |
| Modifications | LAZ 52521 LAZ 52522. LAZ 52523. LAZ 52523. LAZ 52524. LAZ 52527. LAZ 52528. LAZ 52529. |
| Project construction, year | 1977 |
| Designed | Lvivatobusprom |
| Years of production | 1992-2006 |
| Buses like LAZ 5252 | Harz 5259. Liaz 5256. |
| Predecessor | LAZ 4202. |
| Successor | Generation Neolaz. |
| Body | Carriage layout, fully galvanized and treated with Helios materials |
| Body length, mm | 11120 (first models in particular trolleybus) 11440 (Standard Length) |
| Moldings width, mm | 2500 |
| Height, mm. | 3075 |
| Wheel base, mm | 5470 |
| Wheels | Radian, 4 × 2 (2 axes) |
| Tires | 10.00 R20. |
| Curb weight, kg | 10400 |
| Full weight, kg | 17070 |
| Brake system | Pneumatic double-circuit drum type, Installing ABS |
| Doors | Two / single mix 2-2-1; 2-2-2 |
| Equipment of doors | Shirma / whole tires; Developed glazing |
| Headlights) | Square + square fog |
| Bumper | Welded, black, clearly defined |
| Floor floor salon | Linoletic "Carpet" |
| Floor height salon over expensive, mm | 790 |
| 12 | |
| Seat | Paired and single, with foam and filler inside |
| Total seats | 26 28 |
| Handrails | Thin, galvanized steel with colorful coating |
| Ventilation | Through the hatches in the roof and sliding vents |
| Heating in Salon | Webasto 268.07, From electrical heater (trolleybus) |
| Illumination in the salon | Through floil lamps above the windows or on the ceiling |
| Complete capacity, people | 95, 97, 98, 100, 103, 108 |
| Driver cabin | Fenced off by a solid partition from the cabin |
| Cabin door | External (front door 1 door) From the salon |
| Dashboard | From plastic (the location of the instruments and their action is considered in the article LAZ 52522) |
| Side mirrors of appearance | Square and spherical |
| Steering | MAZ 64229. ZF Servocom |
| KPP | 5-speed RABA D10TLL 160 E2 or YAMZ-236 |
| Suspension | Dependent, pneumatic-spring |
| Control system (trolleybus) | Painty-contactor |
| Engine | Describes in detail from above |
| Engine (trolleybus) | Electrotyazhmash ED138AU2. |
| power, kWt | 130 (Trolleybus), 162, 169, 192 |
| Maximum deviation from the contact network, M (trolleybus) | 4.2 |
| Fuel consumption at the speed. 60 km / h per 100 km, liters | 30, 32, 33, 35 |
| Acceleration from 0 to 60 km / h for, sec | 23-35 |
| Maximum speed, km / h | 70, 75, 83 (trolleybus), 90, 95, 120 |
LAZ 5252 is the middle class bus, which is designed to work on urban transport. Externally, he remotely resembles Ikarus 260th series, but in fact it is quite independent development. The first experienced buses and trolleybus machines should in length 11? 12 meters, though later they rose somewhat long (up to 11? 4 meters), such dimensions inherent in all modern releases of this bus. The bus height is not more than 3 meters, the trolleybus rose another 20 centimeters due to the set of traction electrical equipment and the Bosch cooler.
Body bus carrying, car layout; The body design does not have special accept - it is quite square, as in Ikarus, but the buses are somewhat rounded. The lighting on the front is represented by 2 the headlights of the large size of the square shape, in the updated models of the headlights have blur at a low depth of inserts and large light strength; Also 2 fog lights built into the bumper. Bumper bus Welded, large size, usually black. Above the bumper is the emblem of the Lviv bus factory.
The windshield of this bus is relatively small compared to its successors (however, it is enough to work the driver, if you look out of the cabin) the windshield is divided into two, 2 wiper moves are moved by traction levers, not the last problem of this row is a breakdown of wipers. The side mirrors of the outer installation are spherical, with a solid holder in the style of "Hare ears", in old models of the mirror were smaller and square, so they were very uncomfortable when managing the bus. Over the windshield are located routecript; LAZ 5252 and its mods have yet completed electronic scoreboard, so they use mechanical route indicators.
The bridge sidewalls are galvanized and have an anti-corrosion coating from Helios, it should be noted in the first variants of LAZ 5252 body had a much worse quality of the trim and did not have an applied anti-corrosion coating on all parts of the body, so the body's sheathing rapidly degraded. Suspension of models of LAZ 5252 pneummator, well levels defects with road surface, pit, bumps, etc., its predecessor LAZ-4202 used a mechanical suspension that quickly spoiled due to poor quality of roads inherent in Ukrainian roads. Also, this suspension provides a soft and smooth move of the machine, despite the high floor. The bus has two axes, with radian wheel rims.
The engine is located in the backside, on the back there is a motor compartment; LAZ 5252 mods depend on the bus that stands on the bus, Soviet engines were very voluminous and occupied a lot of space, because of which the capacity of the bus decreased. Laza 5252 is inherent in the loud operation of the engine, and the insulation of the salon is unsatisfactory. In Trolleybus LAZ 52522, the engine is placed longitudinally under the floor, the trolleybuses use a robust and contact system of control and there are engines of ED138AU2 from the Kharkov manufacturer of electrical machine; Engine ED138AU2 is much quieter than ŠKODA 14TR, for example.
The rear bumper of the bus is also big, brewed and black. Body LAZ 5252 bus and its mods has 3 entrance doors, front and medium - bivalves, the rear can be both single and two-door (depends on the modification), LAZ 52522 has three double doors. The problem of jamming the door drive was solved in the LAZ 5252 model, the doorway of these models has become a much rare phenomenon. First, the rubber covering of doors for depreciation was shirms, but later it became completely rubber.
LAZ 5252 buses are high-poly-type models, 2 steps leads to the salon, and the floor height of the cabin above the roadway is about 80 centimeters. Floor flooring LAZ 5252 - a linoleam letter alloyed throughout the salon. The handrails of the bus are thin, from galvanized steel, horizontal from above can be equipped with plastic handles (in newer models). The seats of old models were leather with a foam filler inside sofas; Since most seats were pair, the passage in the front of the cabin was too narrow. New buses have soft green velor seats of separate-type and smaller; Restyled buses are painted in yellow color. The bus has 2 accumulative sites for passengers opposite the middle and rear doors.
The windows of the LAZ 5252 bus are divided into newer modifications after restyling buses received tinted double-glazed windows. Ventilation in the cabin is represented by hatches on the roof and sliding vents. The lighting system in the cabin has changed: puffy luminaires made of sidewalls moved to the roof. The heating system is represented by the autonomous heater of Webasto 268.07; Heating in Trolleybus LAZ 52522 occurs with an electric heater. The full passenger capacity of this bus varies depending on the modification and ranges from 95 to 108 people. The driver's cabin is separated from the salon with a solid partition, the front door of the front door opens autonomously and is designed only for the passage of the driver.
Dashboard black, plastic. The panel is conditionally divided into three parts, the speedometer is located on the left side, another socket for the speedometer is located on the middle part, the auxiliary instruments are located on the right side. The door-drive control buttons are located on the right side, the radio is placed outside the dashboard. The driver's seat in the first releases is a little foam filler and was less comfortable, armrests appeared in restyled climbs on it, the chair was made from various synthetic materials. The steering wheel on most old issues was standard Lazovsky, which was used all the then LAZ - MAZ-64229, which was used on LAZ 52522, the new Lazovsky steering wheel with the emblem of the ZF 8098 SERVOCOM plant with a hydraulic fluoretide is installed on restylinging models. Even restylingovani LAZ 5252 still did not grow, the gearbox mechanical 5-speed, "automatic" zf ecomat or voith uses already modern situlas. The bus movement control occurs with 3 pedals. The driver's cabin is equipped with a cabin inspection mirror, OM fire extinguisher and a first-aid kit. The windshield can be partially toned, as well as have protective screens from the sun.
Advantages of model LAZ 5252
- Unpretentious model, good adaptability to the roads of the CIS countries
- Pneumatic Spring Suspension Wives Road Defects
- Smooth overclocking
- Complete anti-corrosion treatment of the body from updated models
- Most drawbacks fixed in restyled models
- Low price
Disadvantages of model LAZ 5252
- High Pol
- Very noisy engines and bad noise insulation salon
- Fast corrosion of body (old models)
- Small breakdowns of electronics and indicative devices
- Cold in the cabin in the cold season
- Duchot with full load in summer
- Manual Transmission
- Uncomfortable planning of seating sites in the cabin
- Unfigure of strength aggregates
Elements of restyling
Restyled LAZ 5252 received the following innovations:
- Intended tinted double-glazed windows on all cabin windows
- Complete anti-corrosion body processing and complete galvanized
- Improved layout of places in the cabin, replacement flooring on a linoleam carpet with shiny inclusions
- Replacing old seats on new green, velor, characteristic of minibuses
- New Baranca ZF Servocom 8098 (old - MAZ 64229) with a hydraulic agent, is now characteristic of the NeolaZ family
- New manual gearbox from YAMZ or Praga, new control pedals.
- Lighting equipment has blur at low depth. The glazing significantly increases the power of the headlights.
Technical characteristics of LAZ 52528
| Parameter | Characteristic |
|---|---|
| Modification | LAZ 52528. |
| Release, year | Since 2002. |
| Maud | Restyling |
| View | City bus |
| Similar | LAZ-5252 (1-9) |
| dimensions | 11440 × 2510 × 3075 |
| Wheel base, mm | 5470 |
| Floor height, cm | 79 |
| Suspension | Dependent, pneumatic-spring |
| Wheel formula | 4 × 2. |
| Minimum turn radius, m | 12 |
| Passenger capacity together | 95-103 |
| Sedent places | 28 |
| Formula doors | 2-2-1 |
| Heating | Webasto 268.07 |
| Ventilation | Forced |
| Curb weight, kg | 10400 |
| Full weight, kg | 17070 |
| Brake system | Pneumatic, dual-circuit, drum type |
| Tires | 10.00 R20. |
| Steering | YAMZ-236L. |
| Transmission | Mechanical with 5 speeds |
| Engine | YAMZ-236NE |
| Engine power, kW | 169 |
| Fuel consumption at 60 km / h per 100 km, liters | 35 |
| Maximum speed, km / h | 95 |
LAZ 5252 - a group of modifications of urban buses of a large capacity, produced from 1992 to 2006 by a Lviv bus factory. This model has become a further development of an unsuccessful LAZ-4202 bus. From 1994 to 2006, the Trolleybus LAZ 52522 was also produced.
History
Designing this bus with its roots is still in the mid-1970s. In 1977-1978, the All-Union Constructive-Experimental Institution of the Lviv coherence in Lviv was built the very first LAZ-5252. Then this bus was equipped with soviet engineswho occupied most of the rear site. In the late 1970s, the Institute developed a future LIAZ-5256, produced by Likinsky bus factory from the mid-1980s to this day; However, the path to the conveyor in Laza-5252 turned out to be much longer, because at that time the city Ikarus 260 and Ikarus 280 dominated, and several intercity models of ikarusov.
The leadership of the Lviv bus factory slowed down the development and production of LAZ models 5252, since the assembly of old LAZ-695, LAZ-697, LAZ 699 and others were much more easily. And Kavz, which was planned to master the production of LAZ 5252, in the 1980s needed re-equipment.
The situation with transportation has deteriorated significantly when Soviet Union Appeals, and Ukraine proclaimed independence. As a result of the supply of buses, Ikarus buses stopped, and their large capacity buses (80-100 passengers) in Ukraine were not. Then the serial release of LAZ 5252 was forced to establish pretty quickly. True, since many of these buses gathered on an ambulance hand, they subsequently found a large number of flaws and defects. In the fall of 1992, Trolleybuses of LAZ 52522 were designed on the basis of LAZ 52521 buses and LAZ 52523 different modifications; The first trolleybus was left in Lviv at number 001, he worked until 2008. Trolleybuses LAZ 52522 massively produced only for Lviv, modifications of the LAZ 5252 bus were distributed throughout Ukraine.
In the 1990s, Laz fell into a difficult position due to the fact that he did not have permanent suppliers of engines, and the engines ZIL and KAMAZ were no longer supplied to Lviv. Therefore, the modifications of LAZ 5252 had different engines, which, in fact, only differed. All engines demanded a large engine compartment, so the rear doors in the late modifications became single bed. Trolleybuses LAZ 52522 were equipped with an ED 138AU2 engine from the electric shirt (Kharkov); The engine in them was located in the central part under the floor, so the rear doors of the trolleybus remained bivalve.
In the late 1990s, LAZ 5252 showed their clothes (frequent small breakdowns), the total low quality of performance and unreliability of power units: a story was repeated with the predecessor of LAZ 5252 - LAZ-4202. Trolleybuses 52522 had similar problems and could not compete with high-quality and cheap SHMW T2, which since 1993 was produced in the Southern Machine-Building Plant in Dnepropetrovsk. In the late 90s, new modifications were published - LAZ 52527, LAZ 52523 and LAZ 52528. In 1995, the Kharkov car repair plant has mastered the release of the Harz 5259 bus, which is almost completely inside and outside was "written off" with LAZ 5252, but this The bus was released only in 6 copies.
In 2002, restyling models of LAZ 5252 began, mainly LAZ 52527 and LAZ-52528 buses were updated. LAZ 52527 (old type) was supplied to Kiev in the late 90s, passing restyling, a whole Party of LAZ 52528 since 2006 operates in Lviv on the bus route No. 5. LAZ 52528 had a large price and a powerful Russian Yamz engine 236He, the fact that differed from 52527 models. The restyling trolley buses began two years later, after Laz produced a restyled LAZ 52522, having exchanged him on the Lviv trolleybus of the old version No. 008. The new trolleybus got a park number 008, under which he now works in Lviv.
In 2004, the LAZ A183 "Sitilas" was published - the 12-meter LAZ 5252 successor, very soon in production, and the articulated LAZ A292. LAZ 52528 and LAZ 52527 held on the conveyor another year, until 2005, while their production was completely discontinued. Trolleybus LAZ 52522 was delayed on the conveyor for another year, recently released models of the 2006 release were sent to Ternopil; A total of 85 laz 52522 trolley buses were released.
LAZ-5252 model range and modifications
During the production of LAZ 5252 in 1992-2006, 8 bus and 1 trolleybus modifications were issued (52522). These models externally almost do not differ from each other (except for the number of door sashs and volume of motorots); They differ only by engines. Years of production of LAZ 5252 and its modifications is mostly the mid-end of the 90s. LAZ 52522 (trolleybus) is considered to be an equal modification of LAZ 5252.
LAZ 5252 - Basic model with a Soviet engine.
LAZ 52521 - the very first modification of LAZ 5252. The bus was equipped with the KAMAZ -7408.10 engine; had rear single doors. This bus is not massively produced due to the unreliability of the power units, which was characteristic and predecessor 5252 LAZ 4202.
LAZ 52522 - Trolleybus based on LAZ 5252 modifications, which was designed at the end of 1992 and went into mass production since 1994. These cars had many shortcomings that had LAZ 5252, in particular quick corrosion of the body and small breakdowns of electrical equipment. The first series was produced until 1998. Restyling Trolleybus 52522 began in 2004, until 2006, 10 new cars were released. Since 2006, they replaced electrollas-183.
LAZ 52523 - Bus with Renault Midr 06.02.26, LAZ applied renault engine Due to the fact that Russian YAMZ engines, KAMAZ and ZIL at that time were very voluminous and unreliable. It has been produced from 1992 to the end of the 90s; Supplied to various cities of Ukraine, as well as in some cities of the Russian Federation.
LAZ 52523. - Cheapest LAZ-52523 bus option with YMZ-236A engine. In the late 90s, he began to be produced as 52528.
LAZ 52524. - Bus S. engine Man.; This model has not received widespread.
LAZ 52527. - an updated bus with Raba D10TL160 E2 engine; release 1998-2005; This bus had certain elements of restyling and kept on the conveyor until 2005, along with 52528.
LAZ 52528 - restyling LAZ 5252 with the YMZ-236A engine (with turbocharging); Rear doors are single-handed. The price of buses has become higher due to new construction materials and a more powerful engine. Sometimes he appeared as LAZ A172 in the documentation of the plant; Produced until 2005, until Sitilas was replaced by him.
LAZ 52528. - With a YMZ 236A engine, this is the same LAZ bus 52523, which received the LAZ index 52528.
LAZ 52529. - With the Cummins engine C220, produced in small batches.
LAZ 5252. And its elements were applied on other Lviv production buses:
LAZ liner 12.- long-distance and tourist bus of a new generation LAZ close to LAZ 5252; Equipped with tachograph
Harz 5259.- Bus Kharkov Car Related Plant (produced in 1995), the same with 5252 in dimensions.
LAZ 5252 successors in model row of LAZ
LAZ A183. - 12-meter low-level urban Lases, which replaced 5252.
LAZ A292. - 18-meter low-blooded two-section urban Lases, articulated version A183
Electromas-183. - 12-meter LAZ low-voltage trolleybus, which came to shift LAZ 52522.
Electromas-301 - 18-meter low-blooded two-section Trolleybus LAZ, articulated version of LAZ E183.
Lviv bus factory It was founded in 1945. Then the plant was engaged in the release of autocrants, car drivers and other special equipment. In 1956, the serial release of LAZ-695 buses was launched. When developing a bus, the company's specialists have studied many advanced Magirus, Neoplan, Mercedes for the time. They were studied, tested, were considered from the point of view of production technologies on a lase, as a result of which the design of Lviv firstborn by the end of 1955 was practically developed. The starting point for its design was the construction of the bus " Mercedes Benz 321 ", and external stylistic solutions were spied at the Magirus-TP120 bus.
The LAZ-695 bus turned out to be a fairly successful model. So lucky that the Dneprodzerzhinsky Author Repair Plant is still smallly producing Machine LAZ-695N and LAZ-695T. Because in 1962 it was decided to create trolleybus based on LAZ-695. The first car was collected in Baku and got the name BTL-62. It was a re-equipped LAZ-695B of 1959. The car successfully passed the tests and in the same 1962 went on routes Baku.
In the summer of 1963, the experience of Baku trolleybusers decided to be adopted on the Lase itself. So on the basis of the same LAZ-695B, the first LAZ-695t was created. However, LAZ, providing buses to the good part of the USSR, could not afford an independent release of trolley buses. In total, only 10 cars were collected at the factory, they all worked in Lviv.
How then did LAZ-695 be hit in many cities of the USSR?
All in the same 1963, the production of LAZ-695t trolley buses was decided to transfer to KZET, where he received the name of Kiev-5l. For the production of Kiev-5 on KZET received ready-made body lviv buses; At the electric transport plant, the electrical equipment of its own production was mounted. In total, 75 Kiev-5 tolley buses were collected in 1963-1964.
However, the capacity of KZET could not provide the Ukrainian SSR. And then the production of trolley buses was started at the third factory - the Odessa automotive assembly plant connected to the production. There, Trolleybus received an ODAZ-695T index, and this is how it knows in many cities of the Ukrainian SSR. In total, 476 trolley buses were collected in 1963-1965.
The electrical equipment "Dynamo" was installed on ODAZ-695T. The traction engine power in 78kW allowed the speed of 50-60 km / h. Compared with the most common trolleybus of the 60s, MTB-82D, ODAZ was favorably distinguished by design and chart characteristics.
But there were cars and disadvantages. So, the full wear of the body has come after 7-8 years. Also, the disadvantages should include low capacity, narrow passes in the cabin, lack of accumulative sites. However, the Trolleybuses of LAZ-695T, Kiev-5l, ODAZ-695T in the 60s helped many Trolleybus farms of the Ukrainian SSR, when the outdated Yatb was listed massively, and the new MTB-82 was missing. Unfortunately, no copy of these trolleybuses has been preserved. In 1965, the trolleybuses were removed from production, and in the trolleybus career of Laza there was a break.
However, already in 1967, LAZ was engaged in the development of experimental city buses LAZ-698. At the same time, a trolley bus on the LAZ-698 base was created to demonstrate the plant's capabilities. The car was tested in Lviv, perhaps in Baku, then entered Chernigov. In Chernigov, Trolleybus worked at number 122, worked for some time on the routes, then as an educational, and was written off in the 80s.
Testing ZiU-6202 in Lviv
Once again, LAZ returned to trolleybuses in 1985. Then Lviv CEIA has developed a new trolleybus that received the ZiU-6202 index. Almost it was the usual ZiU-682 to us in the LIAZ-5256 body. In 1985, new cars were tested in Lviv. The trolleybuses were seriously considered as the replacement of the ZiU-682V released then, but instead of the beginning of the serial release of new cars, ZiU continued the release of cars ZiU-682B, only lightly upgrading them.
Dorestayling LAZ-52522
In the early 1990s, Ukraine had problems with updating the rolling stock of trolleybus economy. Then abroad turned out to be the largest trolleybus plant named after Uritsky. Western Ukraine focused on czech Skoda.Also, it was in an unpleasant situation - was removed from the SKODA-14TR conveyor, and buying new Czech low-voltage cars was not affordable.
For this reason, in 1993, LAZ began an attempt to conquer the trolleybus market. This time it was LAZ-52522 - Trolleybus in the boss LAZ-5252 bus. The first car sued the conveyor in the spring of 1993. The 120-bed car remained on the territory of the plant, after was transferred to the Lutsk Museum. From the serial machines, it was distinguished by shirm doors (as on LAZ-4202).
In 1994, serial production of cars was launched. The trolleybuses were equipped with an electric motor of DK-210 with a capacity of 110kW. Due to the small weight of the machine, the speed often reached 80 and more km / h. 17 cars of 1994-1995 released a Trolleybus Park Lviv, 3 of them still work in Lviv; 7 cars were transferred to Chernivtsi in 1997, where they continue to work.
In 1996-1997, the second batch of trolleybuses was released. These, as the subsequent machines, instead of the DK-210 traction engine, were equipped with ED-138 engines made by Kharkov Electrotaging, with a capacity of 130kW. 19 trolley buses were released, of which 12 were left in Lviv, 3 entered Chernivtsi, 3 in the White Church and one in Donetsk
In 1997-1998, the third party of cars was published from the plant. These cars fell into Lviv, Donetsk, White Church, Nikolaev, Stakhanov, Moscow and Ashgabat.
In 1998, the release of cars was temporarily suspended - LAZ began not to withstand competition with Yumz-T2. Cheaper Dnepropetrovsk Machines flooded the Ukrainian market and were delivered to some cities of Russia (Moscow, Rostov-on-Don).
LAZ-52522 after restyling
The release of Trolleybus LAZ-52522 was renewed only in 2004. New cars were produced on the basis of LAZ-52527 buses and had advantageous modern design and layout of the cabin. Here is just an incomplete list of changes:
* Complete anti-corrosion treatment of the body using Helios materials, wheel arches are made of stainless steel; All of these innovations significantly increase the service life of the body.
* Installing new mudguards
* Installing educational headlamps with lens glass, rounded fog lights are transferred up above the bumper.
* Partial toning windshield
* Replacement of standard chairs for more modern, equipped with anti-vandal coating
* Using self-skametry pasted tinted side windows
* Replacing the steering wheel MAZ-64229 on ZF SERVOCOM
* Replacing the engine for ED-13842
In 2004-2006, only 10 such machines took off the conveyor. They work in Chernivtsi, Lviv and Ternopil.
On restyling 52522 LAZ did not stop. In May 2004, the first Ukrainian low-voltage bus LAZ-A183 ("Sitilas") was introduced to SIA-2004. The development of Lviv designers has not been announced anywhere, therefore the bus presented on the auto show, which did not give way to the quality of the best European samples, caused universal surprise. The first low-voltage trolleybus of the production of Lviv car factory LAZ-E183 is unified by the body and many aggregates with LAZ-A183 bus. On August 23, 2005, a presentation of the first prototype of a new trolleybus was held in Kiev. In 2005-2006, this car visited several cities of Ukraine, after which some changes were made to her, and in March 2006 the serial release of trolley buses was launched.
Machines are equipped with a traction engine of ED-139AU2 with a capacity of 130 kW, made in Kharkov, at the Electrotyazhmash factory; Auxiliary electric motors - alternating current, 3-phase, Czech production. The maximum speed of trolleybus on the passport is 65 km / h, in fact the machine easily accelerates to 80 and more km / h. To convert the input voltage (550 V) to the low-voltage network voltage (24 V), a static converter is used. Separate static converters that reduce voltage up to 380 V are used for the compressor engine and for air conditioning.
In the same year, the first serial car was acquired in Vinnitsa. In 2006-2010, Laz E183 trolleybuses were delivered to Kiev, Lviv, Vinnitsa, Zaporizhia, Chernivtsi, Ivano-Frankivsk, Kremenchug, Nikolaev, Ternopil, Zhytomyr, Krivoy Rog, Chernihiv, Cherkasy, Rivne, Kherson, and even St. Petersburg.
In 2009, LAZ won the tender for the supply of trolleybuses to the city of Stara-Zagora. 6 cars in this city became the first LAZ-E183 permanently working abroad. In just five years of serial release from the plants conveyor, about 200 modern low-voltage machines took place.
In parallel with the development of LAZ-E183, the plant was engaged in the development of the articulated machine. In 2006, the first domestic low-voltage articulated trolleybus was introduced - LAZ E301. Two-dimensional dual-walled machine with a capacity of 260kW meets all modern safety and comfort requirements. In addition, LAZ E301 became the longest trolleybus of the CIS. It was the first articulated Trolleybus LAZ, and the first pancake was not coma!
At the end of 2006, LAZ won the tender for the supply new technique In the capital of Ukraine.
118 Trolleybuses like LAZ E301 were supplied to Kiev all the 2007th and 2008. Kiev became the first and only city operating Trolleybuses LAZ E301. Other cities simply had no funds for the purchase of new articulated cars.
The situation has changed in a radically when it became known that Ukraine will take Euro 2012. There was an urgent need to renew the city transport park as much as possible. Lviv bus factory received a multi-billion dollar order for hundreds of new buses and trolleybuses - and work began to work. The first city, received new E301, became Kharkov. Deliveries were started on January 22, 2011, and now the city has already received about 30 new modern "harmonichek".
Sources:
- Article "Current buses" ( Commercial cars, №10, 2005)
- Articles about LAZ-695T, LAZ-698 on the website "Automotor Bureau"
- Official website Holding LAZ
- Article about LAZ-52522 on the website "Wikipedia"
- "And the plant lives" (interview general Director Laza Igor Emelyanovich Maleza newspaper « 2000 »)
Andrei Shevchenko, Kharkov
