Which engine on Kamaja. Installing engine man (man) on KAMAZ

A little story and remember: why it all started and what KAMAZ engines are the most relevant today.

For the entire period of existence, the KAMAZ truck was equipped with three power units: native eight of the 740th series, American and German daimler. Foreign engines are the usual six, built in a row, as well as the new R6 expected. Six-cylinder engines are most in demand in the field of production truck vehicles. And most recently, the 740th was considered one of the best! Let's remember.

Exactly 50 years ago at Zile, they began to create new trucks ZIL-170 with two rear leading bridges (6x4). The firstborn was assembled in 1969 and his mass assembly was entrusted with a new auto plant on the Kama River in Tatarstan. At that time, the future auto giant was at the final stage of construction.

New engine KAMAZ P6 Production preparation

The first KAMAZ-5320 came from the conveyor belt in the 1967 conveyor belt. By the way, this is the same 170th ZIL. The cargo car was equipped with Yamz 740 Yaroslavl Motor with a volume of 11 and a half liters and a capacity of 180/210 horses. The first diesel engines KAMAZ began to be produced in 1975, which served as the beginning of the birth of the 740th series. So what is good in this unit?

- This is the first diesel engine Soviet times, in which Tosol began to fill, and not a simple water. To adjust the temperature, the thermostat was installed to adjust the engine, and the blades of cooling the radiator began to rotate using a hydraulic line. Technological innovations at the time were considered: and a closed oil purification system with a centrifuge, and a nitrogenated steel crankshaft, and even the guide sleeves for valves manufactured on the basis of metal ceramics.

Of course, since its launch, the motor has repeatedly undergraduated. But it is impossible to redo everything and it is better to create something new. In addition, the constant boosting of the engine became an expensive event, and therefore a low-onedy occupation. Yes, even the rigid standards of Euro-5, absolutely not satisfied with the 740th diesel with the 8th cylinders. Must meet all standards. In general, it is time to create a completely new engine for Kamaz Brotherhood.

But why? After all, there are quite high quality six in the world. And invent something completely new is very expensive and long. Therefore, the specialists of the KAMAZ plant decided to find the basis for the new diesel engine from other automakers cargo transportWith which the auto-giant is associated by the long-established partnerships.

Why does the KAMAZ R6 engine and where Liebherr happens?

Slightly earlier, I already said that the new KAMAZ engine is obliged to comply with all the requirements of Euro-5, and taking into account long-term exploitation and Euro-6. But V-engine With 8 cylinders, it is not easy to comply with these standards. After all, to fulfill all conditions you need to install a turbocompound. Interesting name for unknown to many devices. So what is it?

In a conventional diesel engine, along with exhaust gases, 30-40% of heat is consumed. But this is an additional energy and it needs to be made at least somehow work. But how? Scania is the first of those who undertake to solve this problem. In 1961, she for the first time in the world mounted a turbocharger to one of its engines. Most drivers are familiar with this device and the principle of its work: this is when the exhaust gases help get into the combustion chamber of more air. The engine efficiency rose an order of magnitude, but this was not enough. And then invented turbocompound.

Here the principle of action is somewhat different. Main goal: Through the hydromefluoron with the help of a downstream gearbox directly to the energy of spent gases. That is, the released gases, before flying into the atmosphere, spin the hydromefluel. And she, in turn, with the help of increased turnover, makes turning the flywheel screwed onto. It seems to be simple, but only in words. And in fact: much more serious and more difficult. But about that another time. In general, one thing pleases that this turbocompound is quite effective and necessary thing. In addition to increasing efficiency, all requirements are carried out not only by the current Euro-5, but also the future of Euro-6.

Such autohydriants, like Skania and Volvo, which have long installed on the motors of their turbocharging machines, proved to other truck manufacturers about the need to install a new device. But there is one problem: at V8 exhaust system Pretty complex thing and installation of a turbocompound block The event is quite heavy and useless with technical Point vision. In addition, it is very expensive and volume. But the inline engine is the most suitable option, here and with the installation of miracle inventions there are no problems, and with a cost much easier (on P6 does not require installation balancing shaftsreduced motor efficiency). So all the arguments are on the right online engine. And two words about the German manufacturer of Liebherr trucks.

Liebherr - longtime partner KAMAZ. Back in Soviet times, in 1973, German specialists helped establish a separate production line for the production and assembly. Cooperation with Liebherr continues to this day. In addition, it is quite profitable and promising. Moreover, gasiodide engines with a capacity of 900 liters are installed at the current KAMAZ. with.

Let's remember! What is under the cab of Dakarovsky 4326? True: Liebherr. So, excellent reputation and not high requests helped the KAMAZ plant leadership to solve the problem with the choice. Liebherr's D946 was taken as a basis for arms. A copy is not a copy, but the new P6 is the joint development of both automakers. So what will the engine of the future of the Naberezhnye Chelny?

Construction of new engines KAMAZ

And now, most interesting: Construction news and key points of assembling a new engine in newest Story Kamaz. But first we note that the future P6 is two completely different motors.

The first thing you need to know is a diesel engine in which the ignition of a combustible mixture occurs during compression. At the new engine, the compression ratio is 18. The fuel injection is carried out directly into the piston, since the combustion chamber has become located in it. Taking into account this characteristic, the piston diameter of up to 130 mm increased, pistons with a diameter of 120 mm were installed on the 740th. Piston stroke on a new engine KAMAZ also increased: from classic 130 mm to new 150 mm. Motors with such a piston distance are called "long-intensive." It should be noted here that the decrease in the number of cylinders did not affect the reduction of the working volume, since the piston itself increased in diameter.

The cooling system remained at the same level: liquid, with a volume of 20 liters, with forced circulation. There are no innovations in the superior system - the same gas turbine, in which a single-stage supervision of the air and cooling by type "air / air" is carried out. KAMAZ engine lubrication mechanism complex with an air-butter radiator, dual filter and a gear oil supply pump.

It should be noted that such components as: TNVD, ECU and nozzles are fully manufactured at Liebherr factories.

Therefore, fuel systemToday, it remains 25% dependent on foreign suppliers, since it is necessary to add a turbocharger that has already been added to the elements. The remaining positions are manufactured either in production shops KAMAZ auto enterprises, or purchased to order from domestic producers.

In the factory manufacturing shop of engines already carried out trial attempts to cast the cylinder block. Now the block will also be cast and "snail" for coolant, and fastener flanges for an oil radiator with an air compressor. There will be places of attachment and for TNVD. Also, equipped with additional rigid ribs. What for? Let's clarify.

Since the original Liebherr D946 is a heavy unit (basic use in construction machinery. and stationary generators), then P6 must have a smaller weight. Consequently, there are more light, but fragile, alloys. And rigidity must comply with all necessary requirements for operation.

Power in line engine KAMAZ

The new KAMAZ engine will be 1.5 times more powerful than classics. Yes, the 740th engine has opportunities for forcing, but then costly technologies will have to apply, and this, in turn, will affect the final value.

The personal head of the KAMAZ engine block will be installed on P6, which will simplify repair.

The shaft of the crankshaft KAMAZ will also pass a path of small upgrade. Crankshaft crankshafts, rooted with root, will undergo mandatory high-frequency processing. The upper piston and oiling rings will be chrome with diamond crumb, while the lower piston ring It will remain completely without any coating.

The device will change completely oil pump. Now the oil will be supplied to the main knots of the KAMAZ engine and its details are much faster.

KAMAZ engines assembly speed

For the future assembly of P6 on KAMAZ, a new friction roller-shaped conveyor is established. The block transport path will be held through 34 stop points, which include: Manual assembly, semi-automatic and automatic modes assembly. What, where and how to look separately.

The automation will assume the functions of controlling the force of rotation of the crankshaft, as well as the effect of applying hermetic materials to the places of compounds of the case elements. Quality control of combined parts will be performed.

Semi-automates will monitor air leakage through the valve of the injection system and the release system. They will also be checked for tightness and all systems involved in the operation of the system necessary for normal functioning.

The rest will be collected manually. At the same time, the use of electric / pneumatic tool is planned for threaded connections. These works will be carried out in several steps and in a strict sequence, where the control of the angles of the trust and the moment of tightening will be monitored.

Final production stage - Check engine KAMAZ on the stand. A new stand is prepared for testing of the motor, on which the complete blockage will not be carried out. Oil refueling and final assembly will occur outside the stand, which will significantly save the test time. Before testing and hitting the stand will be connected and. On the stand will be only programming of the ECU with further testing and running in the KAMAZ engine with the diagnosis of all systems involved in the operation. As well as calculations of fuel consumption, measurement operating temperature and pressure in the lubrication system, determining the nominal and maximum values \u200b\u200bof the rotation of the crankshaft.

Quality control will be monitored by the QDM control system. It can collect all available data on the new engine KAMAZ. This is the date of release with the serial number, and the moment of tightening threaded connections with the procedure of action. All information obtained in this way will persist in the electronic database and archive in a special assembly card in in electronic formatwhich will continue to be stored in the computer archive of the enterprise. So, the KAMAZ R6 engine assembly history can be read at any time.

The conveyor will work at a speed of 4 m per minute, which allow 12,000 KAMAZ engines to be released on the first working year. On the assembly of one P6 will be spent a little more than 14 minutes. In the future, a serial issue of 30,000 copies is planned, despite the fact that the manufacture time of one motor is reduced to 5 minutes.

The start of the mass assembly of P6 is scheduled for 2019, although the work on the new engine KAMAZ is already coming to completion. At the same time, work is carried out on the booth updating, since P6 cannot be installed on classic forms. Most likely appearance The updated KAMAZ will be very different from the former appearance. In the meantime, we can only wait and continue to ride the time-tested old machines.

You can in our company.

Enterprise, on the production of cars KAMAZ (Kamsky automotive factory), was founded in 1976. it Russian company, the main occupation of which is the production trucksworking on diesel fuel. In addition, they produce buses, tractors, combines, power plants and other components. The power plants used on the technique were developed by the factory designers, initially the best overseas counterparts were taken as the basis.

KAMAZ engines for their unpretentious temper: reliability, durability, ease of design and decent characteristics received a high rating from consumers. Today, this is one of the most popular brands of trucks operated both in our region and abroad.

The push in the development of the enterprise was given by another plant, ZIL (Factory named after Likhachev), until 1956 was named ZIS (Factory named after Stalin). In 1976, by order of the leadership, all technical documentation for the development of the car ZIL-170, which was led by the plant, was transferred to KAMAZ. So, the release of the car KAMAZ-5320 began. Until 1980, ZIL developed 9 models of KamAZ, he trained the plant team and eliminated the lack of design.

In their entire history, a huge amount of power units was released. The largest popularity was obtained by the KAMAZ 740 series. Options power plants The 740th series of several, the main differences of them from each other was the compliance of one or another euro standard.

Motors were successful, other manufacturers have purchased them for a long time for installation on their cars. So, from 1979 to 1992 released the car ZIL with the KAMAZ engine. These were such modifications: ZIL-133G2 and ZIL-133 (tractor, dump truck and crane) with power plants KAMAZ-740; ZIL-E133BE (tractor) with KAMAZ-7403 aggregate.

The main characteristics of the 740 series power plants

The source of the engines series was the KAMAZ 740 V8 model, the first models of this motor had a volume of 10852 cm 3, while the power developed to 210 horse power. Later models came out with a power in the range from 180-360 LS. All the power plants of KAMAZ operate on diesel fuel, the choice in its favor is not accidental: first, it is consumed less fuel, secondly, occurs better lubricant The engine and its parts, thirdly, the power plant has a greater power.

The feature of the engine of KAMAZ engines can also be considered such an indicator as an increased compression ratio compared to gasoline engines internal combustion. Thus, gasoline power plants have a degree of 8-10 units, while KAMAZ engine 17 units. In addition, in engines there are no ignition candles, this is due to the specifics of the operation of diesel. Inflammation and combustion in such power plants occurs due to high pressure.

Due to the movement of the piston to the position of the upper dead point, the inner volume decreases sharply, the increase in pressure and temperature increases. It is on this principle that the diesel engine is working.

In the marking of its products, the manufacturer uses various designations that are responsible for the type of power plant:

• Motor V-cylinders are located in two rows, the angle between which is less than 90 °;
• L-cylinders are located in two rows, the angle between which is approaching 90 °;
• R-location of cylinders in line.

Power installation KAMAZ 740

The KAMAZ engine of the 740th modification has several advantages and features in front of its competitors:

• The building of the motor is such that with the same characteristics, as in similar manufacturers, it is significantly smaller. The motor is a kind of compromise between large, but low-power installations that consume a sufficiently large amount of fuel, and rather reliable, and powerful, economical, but less reliable and endless.
• The car has acquired a wide prevalence, thanks to the possibility to work in conditions low temperatures. In particular, KamAZ does not have problems starting during the cold season. The motor has a powerful battery and starter, as well as the engine heating system.
• The drive system of gas distribution, compressors, hydraulic amplifier, pump: work due to the transmission of torque from the motor through gear gears with straight teeth.

EURO CLOCK INSTALLATIONS

The founder of the engines of KAMAZ 740th series can be considered the model of Euro 0. This is a very reliable unit that has good specifications, high reliability and resource. However, the engine KAMAZ did not match the classes environmental safety And it was his main minus.

Power installation KAMAZ (Euro 0)

Power plants KAMAZ Euro 2 were more modern and finalized compared with the previous class. At that time, they corresponded to all the requirements for aggregates in terms of environmental safety. Motor modifications were 4, their characteristics are as follows:

Power installation KAMAZ (Euro 2)

Model of power plant	740.31-240	740.30-260	740.51-320	740.50-360
Power, LS.	240	260	320	360
Crankshaft, rotational speed	2200
Nm Torque	980	1078	1020	1147
Cylinders, pieces, location	8, V.
Cylinder, Ø / piston, move, mm	120/120		120/130
Engine, volume, l.	10,85	10,85	11,76	11,76
Fuel mixture, compression ratio	16	16,5	16,5	16,5
Cylinders, work	1,5,4,2,6,3,7,8
Crankshaft, rotation	right
Engine, weight, gross, kg.	760	885	885	885
Lubrication system, l.	26	28	28	28
Cooling system, l.	18

Power plants KAMAZ Euro 3 were a transitional link between Euro 2 and euros 4. More modern and demanded motors are euro modification units 4. KAMAZ engines Specifications:

Power plants KAMAZ (Euro 4)

In addition, security plants of foreign production were established on KAMAZ cars. They did not give anything in terms of the characteristics of our engines, but had a significant drawback in price - were more expensive. The aggregates have proven themselves as reliable, durable, powerful technique worthy of the attention of the user.

All Motors of the 740 series of the work principle look like. The features can be attributed to:

• The cylinder block is the main part of the engine, is made according to the principle of a single block, all hinged equipment attached to him;
• The centered shaft is located in the center of the installation, has a significant shift in the lower part of the motor. Under crankshaft Located a crankcase containing oil. The volume of oil in the engine is about 26 or 28 liters.
• As for the valves - their number 16, two valves per cylinder.

Repair KAMAZ 740 engine must be carried out in specialized workshops. The fact is that the service of diesel power plants is complicated by the peculiarities of the motors themselves and is not a simple task.

The only thing that can be done with your own hands does not cause significant harm to the absence of special types of tools is to change the oil and coolant.

Cooling fluid, replacement

The cooling system is a closed liquid type system with forced circulation. Thermal mode controls thermostat and hydromeflues. The circulation itself occurs due to the centrifugal pump, the process is as follows: first the left row of cylinders is washed, then right.

The coolant passes through cylinder sleeves and through the hole in the cylinder head. The heated antifreeze enters the thermostat and, depending on where it determines it, in the water pump, or to the radiator.

According to the prescriptions technical RegulationsThe cooling fluid in the power unit must be changed, depending on the operation, every three or five years. The main indicator of the unsuitability of fluid to further use is its color. If it has a dirty shade and differs from the original color, further use is unacceptable.

Watch out what kind of cooling fluid level is at the moment it is necessary to continuously, in order to avoid overheating of the motor. If necessary, the desired amount of fluid, type Tosol-A40, should be addressed. With each start of the motor, it is desirable to carry out the following actions:

• On special expansion tank Open a crane and see whether liquid flowed. If yes, the level is normal. Cancel the valve in the original condition and start the motor. If not, add cooling fluid to the moment until it flows from the crane. If the fluid does not flow, check the tap and the cooling system as a whole for damage.
• When the coolant is lacking, or its absence is generally, it is strictly forbidden to start a power plant. After performing this action, it is necessary to bring an imperative impeller, which will result in expensive repairs.
• If necessary, replace the fluid due to its unsatisfactory condition: it is necessary to drain the liquid from the lower crane of the radiator, the boiler, the heater, from the cabin pipe. After that, it is necessary to close all the cranes and again fill the system to the desired level.

Oil, replacement

The power plant is equipped with a combined type lubrication system, oil to rubbing items. different ways, such as: splashing, sampling, under pressure. The node consists of devices: storage, supply, filtration, oil cooling.

Oil movement starts from the pallet using the pump. It comes through the filter into the oil worker, then to the pump and in the discharge section. From the section, through the channel enters special oil filter, and after the highway. The first is smeared the head of the cylinder block and the cylinders themselves, then the crankshaft, gas distribution mechanism, compressor, fuel pump.

Excess lubrication is removed using the oilseed rings in the cylinders, then displayed through the piston channels, lubricating the piston finger support. Finding into a power thermal sensor from the main line, with an open crane, which includes a hydraulic clutch, oil lubricates and e. If the crane is closed, the oil enters the centrifugal filter and then in the pallet.

How many oil in the engine KAMAZ, what is the frequency of replacement and how to properly spend the whole process, everyone who works with brand cars should know the answers to all these questions.

Oil, like all working fluids, have their own replacement frequency. In the documentation for each power setting, it is indicated, with what mileage must be replaced.

To check the oil level in the motor, a special probe is used with a marker. For normal levelThe oil will be on the value of "B". In case of insufficient quantity, it is required to add lubricating fluid to the required value, otherwise, working, the engine and its parts will undergo significant wear and early failure. Outly oil is better not allowed, since it can lead to a damage of mechanisms with rubber seals.

If necessary, replace the oil:

1. Get the engine and warm up to 80 ° C;
2. Turn off the motor and unscrew drain plug Carter;
3. Fully drain the oil;
4. Be sure to change the filters;
5. Centrifugal oil cleaning filter must be disassembled and rinsed by the rotor;
6. Pour the oil to the "B" mark on the dipstick;
7. Get a power plant and let me work 10 minutes at idle;
8. Move the engine, allow the oil to settle (10 minutes) and the result of the required quantity to the "B" mark.

Disadvantages and characteristic breakdowns of power plants

Repair KAMAZ engines, does not bring special trouble to the owner, if strictly observed, the regulations maintenance and execute it in accordance with passport recommendations. So, it is necessary to carry out regularly, with the established periodicity service maintenance Main components, change working fluids, adjust heat clearances, change filters.

If serious breakdowns It was not possible to avoid how the recommendation of the KAMAZ engine repair is better to produce qualified specialists, since to fulfill everyone necessary work Requires special equipment and stands.

The main malfunctions of power plants include:

• The power plant does not start. Perhaps in the fuel system, air is present. It is necessary to identify the reason for the appearance of the air, bring the system into a hermetic condition and pump fuel.
• Motor does not start. The fuel injection advance is impaired. It is necessary to adjust the advance angle.
• The engine does not start at a minus temperature. Water getting into fuel tubes or on the fuel fence grid and its subsequent freezing. We must warm up fuel filters, tanks and tubes with hot water in order to melt the frozen liquid.
• Uneven operation of the power unit, the motor vibrates strongly, does not hold idling, Power failures with increasing revolutions. Possible cause Is clogging nozzles. To eliminate the malfunction, rinse the nozzles on a special booth.

I met a strange KAMAZ on the loading and immediately turned his attention to him. At first, I was attracted by the MAZ-9397 semi-trailer for him, because There was a tubeless tires in size 295 / 80-22.5 and it was not on wedges, but on Eurostps.

Apparently, the owner has tried, took the axis from the MAZ-93866 semi-trailer, and then he solved the problem with the fastening of the wheels and with rubber. There were no other alterations on the semi-trailer.

After talking with the driver and asking permission to take pictures of his car, took up further unhurried inspection.

On the truck, as well as on the semi-trailer, they also stood Eurports. The stand of the saddle device was shortened, which made it possible to lower the saddle slightly lower, and during the carriage of high cargo, it is not unnecessary.

Looking carefully, I realized that the car owner replaced not just a hub, but installed completely other bridges.

Apparently, they were specifically selected rear bridges with interstole blocking.

After having studied the back of the car, I moved to the front of Kamaz. The cabin was raised on the brackets to the height in the area of \u200b\u200b10 cm. As it turned out, the front beam of the tractor was not KAMAZ, but from Mercedes.

The main highlight of the car was visible as soon as I looked under the cab. 8-cylinder stood on the tractor mERCEDES-BENZ engine OM 402.907 and CPP ZF Gearbox, as well as a Mazova air filter.

Rear cabbage brackets, spread to install a new motor did not have to Mercedes engine already than the MOT MOTOR-238.

Foreign motor was mounted on a frame with the native rear brackets Mercedes, because According to the engine brackets, the KAMAZ frame is wider than Mercedesian by 6 cm. Therefore, between the frame and the rear brackets of the engine, the plates with a thickness of about 3 cm were inserted.

Also in the photo you can see a fishing rod to change the gear from the MAZ, which is docked with an extension burden. The shift lever itself from the super Maza.

Inspecting the front of the engine, drew attention to the four-row radiator, its native brackets, as well as oil tanks of the steering hydraulic system. Noted that there is a free space between the engine fan and the radiator itself.

Also remarked the single-cylinder compressor on the right side.

On the left side, between exhaust pipes, The clutch sample cylinder was installed, and between the flange of the gearbox and the cardan shaft, the homemade metal spacer.

It should be noted that the Mercedesov G8 (volume of 12.74 liters, the piston diameter is 125 mm, the stroke of the piston is 130 mm, the capacity is 256 hp) assembled with a 12-step gearbox, in short, and already a KAMAZ engine with a checkpoint.

In principle, it is even good, because you can not worry about where to establish one or another unit - there is enough space.

Motor Mercedes established on this KAMAZ was 1984 years of release, but thanks to him a truck received a second life and pays for this to the owner of conscientious work, taking a rising on the roads of the country.

Let's start with a small reference and tell you which motors are now installed on Chelny trucks and why.

In Kamaz, you can meet three aggregates: "native" diesel 740th series, as well as Daimler OM 457 and Cummins engines. 740s Motors are the only ones with eight cylinders.

Imported motors - row "six", as well as the future new P6. Such engines are now the most popular in the world of freight equipment. But once and the 740th motor was a completely advanced unit! Let's remember his story.

In 1967, at the Moscow Plant named after Likhachev, began the development of the ZIL-170 truck families with a wheel formula 6x4. In 1969, the first sample was ready, and its production was transferred to a new plant in Naberezhnye Chelny, which at that time was still at the construction stage.

In 1976, KAMAZ-5320 came from the conveyor of the new enterprise, which was essentially 170-M ZIL. Force aggregate Then I was Yaroslavsky YAMZ Volume 11.5 l, which gave out from 180 to 210 liters. with. The release of these diesel engines was established at Kamaja back in 1975, and from here takes the beginning of the unit of the 740th series. What was this motor?

First, Diesel Kamaz - the first of soviet engineswho received a closed cooling system in which Tosol was supposed to be used, and not water. The cutting of the radiator cooling impeller received a hydromeflua, and the entire system is the thermostat. There were in this motor and other technological novelties (a full-flowered oil filtration system with centrifuger, nitrogenated crankshaft, removable guide sleeves made of metal ceramics for valves, etc.), but since then forty years has passed.

Of course, during these decades, the motor was repeatedly modified, but nothing can be removed infinitely: sometime there will still have to invent something fundamentally new. Moreover, to force the old motor has already become just expensive and because it is even more pointless. Add hot rates of Euro-5 here, "procker bed", too close for old V8. In short, the need to create a new engine appeared for a long time.

The world has a lot of good row "six". You can, of course, come up with another motor - you know how to invent something like - but it would be unreasonably long and expensive. In modern automotive production There were several other trends for a long time, so the base for the new motor decided to search for among other manufacturers, with whom the enterprise has a long-standing partnership.

Why P6 and happeach here Liebherr?

I have already said that the new engine of KAMAZ must necessarily comply with Euro-5, and the future - and Euro-6. Engine V8 is hard to meet in these norms in principle: the device with a difficult and terrible name of the turbocompound with it is very bad. What is this beast?

In the average dyes with spent gases, about 30-40% of thermal energy flies nowhere, which I really want to make it work. For the first time, this focus partially succeeded at Scania, which in 1961 installed a turbocharger on one of its engines. The device is familiar to most car enthusiasts: if it is very short, then with the help of exhaust gases, the extra air into the combustion chamber is heated. Not bad, but not enough. And then came up with turbocompound.

Its task is somewhat different: it is through the hydromefluel and the lowering gearbox transmits the energy of the gases directly to the crankshaft. He can say, takes mechanical energy from nowhere and gives it directly to the shaft. This is if you explain in a nutshell in two words, in fact everything is much more difficult and more interesting, but to delve into the theory of engine building and the features of the modes of operation of the motor under load and without it we will not. We just take the fact that this thing is very useful and effective, with its help you can significantly increase the efficiency of the engine, and most importantly - to meet in strict environmental norms, and not only real, but also future.

Turbocompound stands on many trucks, first of all, of course, on the rocks, but there is, for example, on Volvo. Today, the view is about the need to install a turbocompound block into the internal combustion engine, almost unambiguous: it is necessary to put. Only here on the V8 with its extremely complex system of release, the turbocompound is obtained by a heavy and useless occupation. First, it will be expensive, and secondly, the turbocompound will increase the already significant dimensions of the motor. Another thing is a row layout: here with the installation of the miracle device everything is much easier.

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There is another argument in favor of the inline "six" is its value. The fact is that the V8 is not balanced motor, and to reduce vibrations you have to install additional balancing shafts. They not only lower the efficiency (part of the burnt fuel energy spend on the rotation of the shafts), but also increase the cost of the engine. But R6 is just the most balanced motor, the balancing shafts are not needed in principle. Of course, the engine design becomes easier and cheaper.

Balanced, relative simplicity of construction and the low cost of production became the main arguments in favor of the inline layout of the future motor. So, with this, it seems, it is clear. Now a few words about Liebherr.

Back in 1973, three years before the launch of the production of the first cars, german company Liebherr (Liebherr is read in Russian) has become a partner of the USSR when designing a separate production of "KamAZ" - production of gearboxes. Since then, cooperation with this manufacturer almost did not stop and always favorable and constructive.

Recall at least what motors are in Dakarovsky? That's right, Liebherr. Good reputation and not too much queries of the German partner allowed when choosing a new motor to consider the LIEBHERR D946 engine in the form of the basis. But it is not necessary to think that the new P6 is a copy of the German aggregate. Development was carried out joint, but with a loaf on D946. So what kind of engine will we wait from Chelnins?

For those who love the equipment

So, go to the most interesting: key moments of the design of a new motor.

First, the dyel motor. If someone does not know, then the ignition of the mixture in such a motor comes from compression. The degree of compression of the new motor is 18. The injection of fuel is the direct in the combustion chamber, located in the piston. With the diameter of the cylinder of 130 mm, the piston stroke will be 150 mm - such motors are called "long-pass". By the way, the previous motors KAMAZ-740 were also long - 120x130 mm. Changing the size led to preservation of almost the same volume with a decrease in the number of cylinders.

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There is nothing in the cooling system - the usual liquid with forced circulation, the volume is 20 liters. The supervising and cooling air cooler system is gas turbine, with a single-stage superpatch and air-air heat exchanger. Combined lubrication systems, with a gear oil pump and water oil cooler.

Important components

TNVD, nozzles, ECU

At the moment, the fuel system is perhaps the most difficult thing for localization thing. At first glance, here too, not so much new: COMMON RAIL. with high pressure multi-vent. But here are the most important components so far imported: TNVD, nozzles, ECU - all of this remained from Liebherr. And the turbocharger of the same company. In total, the share of foreign suppliers accounts for about a quarter of the position, the rest is either produced at Kamaz or order on domestic specialized enterprises.

The KAMAZ engine factory has already conducted test castings of the cylinder block. This is done at the same time with the "snail" of the cooling system pump and the flanges of fastening the liquid-oil heat exchanger, the TNVD and the compressor brake system. In order to increase rigidity, the block has a rib. In general, the hardness of the block paid special attention: diesel Liebherr D946 was heavy - it was used in a large part in construction equipment and as a stationary unit, so he had to reduce weight. Of course, the rigidity from this should not suffer.

P6 has individual cast iron heads blocks, which simplifies possible repair (even replace one laying of a separate head is easier and cheaper than shared head block).

Indigenous and connecting rod crankshafts are processed by current high frequency. The upper compression and oil-changing rings - with a chromium-diamond coating, and the lower compression ring does not have the coating.

The design of the oil pump not only allows you to quickly apply the oil to the main components, but also provides an internal recycling of excess oil. Pump itself gear type, single-section and is located in the oil crankcase. By the way, the pallet itself can be not only metallic, but also plastic - work on its implementation in production is now being conducted at KamAZ. And now the most interesting thing: how will the production of a new motor in Naberezhnye Chelny be established?

Motor in five minutes

For the assembly of P6 in the shop of the engine factory, a new friction roller conveyor is mounted. Along the path of the block on it ( future motor) 34 workstations will pass three types: Manual, automatic and semi-automatic. Let's see what machines will do, and where it will have to work for employees.