X- engine-shaped - This is a piston engine containing dual V-blocks, horizontally opposite in relation to each other. Thus, the cylinders are located with four sides, leading the overall crankshaft. If you look at the front, such a structural scheme looks like a letter X.
This design is very rare, mainly due to greater weight and complexity in comparison with radial motors, although they are more compact (with an equal number of cylinders) in comparison with V-engine engines.
Most species x-about different engines Used during the Second World War. They were designed for large military aircraft. As a rule, they had 24 cylinders and were based on the design of a 12-cylinder V-shaped engine.
Some examples of X-shaped engines
- The Ford in the 1920s used the prototype of the X-8 engine, which brought ultimately to the appearance of the line of engines with side valves ( english).
- Engine Daimler-Benz DB 604 ( english), developed for a bomber in ( english) For the air force of Germany. Development was frozen.
- The engine designed under the leadership of V. Dobrynin for the Tu-85 strategic bomber.
- Engine Rolls-Royce EXE ( english), air-cooled engine prototype ( english) with spool gas distribution.
- Honda's company reports that he conducted experiments with engines performed by X-32 in the 1960s for its power plants in the machines of Formula 1, but stopped the development due to the complexity and unreliability of the structure.
- On Russian Tank T-14 is planned to be installed X-shaped engine 12H360 with a capacity of 1500 hp
see also
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Progress and development in automotive industry Go fast. Similarly, the development of aggregates. Rating the best modern engines, Characteristics and cars on which they are installed.
The content of the article:
To talk about what engine is the best, gasoline or diesel, as well as about the manufacturer - Japanese, German or American - opinions are definitely shared. Some drivers prefer a powerful and reliable unit, others - the engine is designed for speed, and the third - to be durable and did not let down. The main difference of engines is the class of the car to which it will be installed. As a result, the volume of the aggregate, characteristics and power will be changed.
Car owners with experience will say that the main thing in the car, so that the engine is working normally. Usually the first signs of engine wear appear after 100-150 thousand mileage kilometers. Well, if the owner of the car is alone and looks behind the engine, but if from the beginning of the purchase there were several owners and did not look behind the engine, then repair would be necessary to be much earlier, and the cost can be much more.
Before buying a car, buyers often concerns the same question, which engine is better to choose. Some models of engines engineers thought out to the smallest detail, and despite the inexpensive cost of the machine, with the engine will not arise any problems. In the other case, by purchasing a dear premium class car, the engine does not leave 50 thousand km, as the first problems and breakage will begin to manifest.
Top automotive engines
Nowadays, engineers are developing the engine as far as quickly, which is sometimes not thought about the quality, in order to declare a new model of the aggregate. It is enough to recall small-calten versions with a turbocharger, in which the first breakdowns appear even to 40 thousand. But still, despite the rapid progress, there are legends in the updated version - these are the so-called "million people" who declared themselves from the best side.
Modern cars among specialists are considered one-time, as the engine repair and individual components can do, as the entire car from the cabin. The average service life of such cars from 3 to 5 years, but much will depend on the nature of the machine's operation. There are options, one and the same machine, with the same operating conditions, but different engines, can pass different distances. This is due to the presence of different engines, their quality assembly and development.
Rating of the best modern engines
Diesel million mark OM602 from Mercedes-Benz
Mercedes-Benz diesel engines are quite popular and won a good reputation among competitors. Designed famous diesel mERCEDES-BENZ engine Back in 1985, but during its existence I experienced not one modification, which made it possible to reach the present day. Not so powerful as competitors, but economical and hardy. The power of the unit is from 90 to 130 hp, depending on the modification, on modern cars it is marked as OM612 and OM647.
The mileage of many of these copies starts from 500 thousand kilometers, although there are also separate rare specimens, the record of which is a couple of million kilometers. This engine can be found on the Mercedes-Benz in the Body W201, W124 and in the transition W210. Also found on the G-Class SUV, Sprinter and T1 minibuses. Drivers with experience say that if it takes care of the replacement of the necessary parts and go through fuel system, the engine is almost not killed, which adds a lot of stars to his rating.
Bavarian BMW M57
Bavarian manufacturer BMW. I decided not to lag behind Mercedes-Benz and developed a no less decent diesel engine M57. An inline 6-cylinder unit gained confidence in many car owners of this company. In addition to the previously said reliability, the unit is highlighted with power and aspects that it does not often occur on diesel engines. First diesel aggregate M57 was installed on the BMW 330D E46, then the shorter was immediately transferred from the class of slow cars, in the class of sports and charged, despite the hood of diesel. The power of the unit depending on the modification ranges from 201 to 286 horses. In addition to bMW cars all possible series, this engine occurs on cars Range Rover. It is enough to recall the ethnographic expedition of Artem Lebedev and its famous "Momusika". It was under his hood that M57 was installed from the company BMW. The manufacturer's claimed mileage is about 350-500 thousand kilometers.
3F-SE gasoline engine from Toyota
Despite the huge mileage of diesel engines, most drivers prefer to buy a car with a gasoline engine. The gasoline unit does not freeze in the cold course of the year, and the device of the engine itself is much easier.
Long can argue which gasoline engine is better, and which is worse, because everyone has their pros and cons. List of 4-second cylinder petrol aggregates Opens 3F-SE from Toyota. The volume of the unit is 2 liters and is designed for 16 valves, the timing drive is a belt and a fairly simple distributed fuel injection. Average power depending on the modification of 128-140 horses. More advanced versions of the unit are equipped with turbines (3S-GTE). This modified unit can be found on modern cars. toyota companyand older: Toyota Celica., Camry, Toyota Carina, Avensis, RAV4 and others.
The huge plus of this engine is the ability to freely transfer large loads, convenient location of the service nodes, easy repair and the thoughtfulness of individual details. Given that good care And without overhaul, such an aggregate can safely leave 500 thousand kilometers with a good margin for later. Also, the engine does not move in fuel, which does not bring additional care to the owner.
Japanese unit 4G63 from Mitsubishi
Mitsubishi does not give a position in the structure of the middle class engines. One of the most famous, who lived to this day 4G63 and its modifications. For the first time, the engine was introduced in 1982, despite the prescription, the modified version is established in our day. Some go with the distributed SOHC shaft on three valves, another modification of DOHC with two camshafts, gained more popularity. As an example, a modified 4G63 unit is installed on Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution, different models Hyundai and Kia. Also occurs on chinese cars Brilliance brands.
Over the years of release, the 4G64 aggregate passed not one modification, in some embodiments, a turbine was added, and the timing adjustment was changed. Such changes do not always take advantage, but as the owners note, the repairability of the unit remained the same, especially in the case of oil replacement. Millionic pictures include mitsubishi aggregates 4G63 Without turbocharging, although with careful operation and turbocharged options are reaching a record distant.
D-series from Honda
The first five leaders closes japanese Engine D15 and D16 from Honda. More known as the D-series. This series Includes more than ten modifications of these aggregates, with a volume of 1.2 liters to 1.7 liters. And really deserve the status of unnecessary aggregates. The engine power from this series comes to 131 hp, but the tachometer arrow will show about 7 thousand revolutions.
Platform for installing such aggregates served cars Honda. Stream, Civic, Accord, HR-V and American Acura Integra. Before overhaul Such engines may be about 350-500 thousand kilometers, and at the expense of well-thought-out design and proper hands, you can give the engine to the second life even after the terrible operating conditions.
European X20SE from Opel
Another representative from Europe is the X20SE engine 20ne family from Opel. The most important advantage of this unit is stamina. We have repeatedly been statements from the owners when the unit worried the car body. Enough simple design, 8 valves, belt on the camshaft drive and a fairly simple fuel injection system. The volume of such an aggregate is 2 liters, depending on the modification, the engine power ranges from 114 hp up to 130 horses.
During the release period, the unit was installed on Vectra, Astra, Omega, Frontera and Calibra, as well as on Cars Holden, OldSmobile and Buick. On the territory of Brazil, at the same time released the same engine LT3, but with a turbocharger, with a capacity of 165 horses. One of these variants of the C20xe engine was installed on racing Lada and Chevrolet and as a result, cars were marked in rally. The simplest versions of the 20NE family units can not only pass 500 thousand km without overhaul, but also with careful attitude can overcome the bar at 1 million kilometers.
Famous V-shaped eights
The engine of this group is not very famous for its reliability, but also do not bring care with small or large breakdowns. V8 aggregates can easily step up with a mark of 500 thousand kilometers can be easily listed on the fingers. Bavarians again occupied the cell due to its M60 V8, a huge plus: a double row chain, the coating of cylinders Naisal, as well as an excellent margin of engine strength.
Thanks to the nickel-silicon coating of cylinders (more often it is found like Nikasil), makes them incidentally. As practice shows, until the mark in half a million kilometers, the unit should not be disassembled, you will not need to replace piston rings. The minus is considered fuel, it is necessary to carefully look at the quality of gasoline, since the naciated coating is afraid of sulfur in fuel. In the United States, due to such a problem, they switched to a softer protection technology - Alusil. Upgraded modern option It is considered m62. Installed on the BMW on the 5th and 7th series.
Six cylinders in a row
Milliones among such engines are quite a lot, simple design and balance is what leads to reliability and durability. Two engine 1JZ-GE with a volume of 2.5 liters and 2JZ-GE with a volume of 3 liters from Toyota, are considered the best in this class. These aggregates are issued simple and turbocharged.
Most often, such engines are found on the right-hand toyota cars Mark II, Supra and Crown. Among american cars This is Lexus IS300 and GS300. Due to the simple design, such engines can easily overcome the mark of a million mileage mileage, before the overhaul is needed.
Bavarian BMW M30.
History Bavarian engine BMW. M30 stretches from the distant 1968. For the period of the existence of the unit, a lot of modifications were issued, but despite different situations, the engine continued to proven itself as one of the most reliable. The working volume is from 2.5 liters to 3.4 liters, with a capacity of 150-220 horses. The highlight design of the unit is the cast iron unit (in some modifications it can be with a special alloy aluminum), a chain for TRG, 12 valves (M88 modification goes to 24 valves) and aluminum cylinder head.
Modification M102B34 is a turbocharged M30, 252 horses. This engine B. different modifications Install on the 5th, 6th and 7th bMW series. So far there is no data, what was the record of this engine in a run, but the mark of 500 thousand kilometers is an ordinary barrier. As many noted, this engine is often worried about the car itself.
Another Bavarian - BMW M50
Last place in ranking the best engines Bavarian BMW M50. The working volume ranges from 2 to 2.5 liters, engine power from 150 to 192 horses. Plus such an aggregate is considered finalized vanos.contributing better work. In general, the previous options differ in the previous options, so the mark in half a million kilometers overcomes without overhaul.
The presented rating of the best engines is not quite complex. Yet ask what kind of auto engine is the best. Car enthusiasts may say that some units did not include on the list, but the rating was formed on the basis of durability and resource. Hybrid and electric motors are not included because of the cost, and the maintenance of such aggregates is special. Separate specimens simply do not repair at home, so they say that modern cars in most of the disposable.
Video Overview Top 5 worst engines:
Motor X25XE - power unit Developed by General Motors for Opel vehicles. But, besides this, the engine was distributed to some Chevrolet models.
Specifications
Six-cylinder 2.5-liter X25he engine was created in 1994 and first appeared on Opel Omega. B. This motor came to replace the C25XE motors, from which it was distinguished by the presence of the EGR valve and Bosch Motronic M 2.8.1 (instead of Motronic M 2.8). This device allowed to increase environmental class From Euro-1 to Euro-2 and replace the letter with on X. Cylinder block X25XE cast iron, and it has a V-shaped configuration with an angle of breakdown 54 °, the crankshaft is installed inside it with a piston stroke 79.6 mm, rods long 150.7 mm, and diameter Cylinders are 81.6 mm. The compression height of the pistons is 30.4 mm.
Opel Omega with x25xe motor.
The top of the cylinder heads are installed on top, 2 camshafts per each and with 4 valves per cylinder. Inlet valves They have a diameter of 32 mm, graduation 29 mm, and the thickness of the valve rod is 6 mm. Characteristics of H25CH camshafts are: phase 247/247, lifting 9.2 / 9.2 mm.
The camshafts rotate with a toothed belt. Replacing the timing belt is needed after every 60 thousand km of run, otherwise everything will end sadly - your X25xe will fit the valve. Intake manifold Here with a variable geometry MULTI RAM. Performance nozzles 204 ss. Manages the Bosch Motronic Motronic Motor Motor Motor Motronic M 2.8.3, on Omega B Motronic M 2.8.1.
At the end of 1997, the Vectra i500 car was released on which the x25xei motor was stood. This engine was different from X25XE camshafts with a phase 262/262 and a lifting 10.0 / 10.0 mm, as well as the exhaust and setup of the ECU. As a result, the motor power increased to 195 hp. at 6500 rpm, and the torque is 240 nm at 3500 rpm.
On the basis of the X25XE motor, a 3-liter X30XE was created. Saab engine B258i, which was at the Saab 900 car, is an analogue of x25xe.
Service
Maintenance Machine x25xe, similar as in almost all GM production motors, is carried out with an interval of 15,000 km. Recommended maintenance is necessary every 10,000 km. At the same time, engine oil changes necessarily and oil filterAnd other engine systems are diagnosed.
Motor X25xE with gearbox assembly.
Disadvantages and problems
For the X25XE engine there are two typical drawbackThe almost all owners of vehicles know about:
- Antifreeze enters the candlestones. When twisting the candles, the recommended tightening torque was exceeded, and a crack in the CCC was formed. The head is spoiled, you need to change to the working one.
- Dieselit. You need to change the tensioner chain tensioner.
- Zhor Motor Lubrication. It is worth changing the valve cover on the plastic, and the problem will leave.
Output
The X25XE series engines are reliable and have a high use resource. Service power aggregate It is necessary to hold every 15,000 km. Quality and reliability - precisely about this power unit.
Opel x25xe 2.5 l engine.
Engine Characteristics Opel X25XE
| Production | Vauxhall Ellesmere Port. |
| Engine brand | X25he |
| Years of release | 1994-2000 |
| Cylinder block material | cast iron |
| Supply system | injector |
| A type | V-shaped |
| Number of cylinders | 6 |
| Valves on cylinder | 4 |
| Piston stroke, mm | 79.6 |
| Cylinder diameter, mm | 81.6 |
| Compression ratio | 10.8 |
| Engine volume, ccmm | 2498 |
| Engine Power, L.S. / Ob. Min | 170/6000 |
| Torque, Nm / Ob.min | 227/3200 |
| Fuel | 95 |
| Environmental norms | Euro 2. |
| Engine weight, kg | - |
| Fuel consumption, l / 100 km (for Opel Omega B) - city - Rouss - Mixed. |
14.7 7.9 10.4 |
| Oil consumption, gr. / 1000 km | up to 600. |
| Engine oil | 0W-30 0W-40 5W-30 5W-40 5W-50. 10W-40 15W-40. |
| How much oil in the engine, l | 5.75 |
| Replacing the oil is carried out, km | 15000 (better than 7500) |
| Engine operating temperature, hail. | 90-95 |
| Engine resource, thousand km - According to the plant - on practice |
- 300+ |
| Tuning - Potential - without loss of resource |
- - |
| The engine was installed | Opel Calibra. Opel Omega B. Opel Vectra A / B |
Opel x25xe engine malfunction and repair
The six-cylinder 2.5-liter X25he engine was created in 1994 and first appeared on Opel Omega B. This motor came to replace C25XE motors, from which it was distinguished by the presence of the EGR valve and Bosch Motronic M 2.8.1 (instead of Motronic M 2.8). This device made it possible to increase the ecological class with Euro-1 to Euro-2 and replace the letter with on X. X25XE cast iron cylinder block, and it has a V-shaped configuration with an angle of breakdown 54 °, the crankshaft is installed inside it with a piston stroke 79.6 mm, connecting rods Long 150.7 mm, and the diameter of the cylinders is 81.6 mm. The compression height of the pistons is 30.4 mm.
The top of the cylinder heads are installed on top, 2 camshafts per each and with 4 valves per cylinder. The inlet valves have a diameter of 32 mm, the graduation of 29 mm, and the thickness of the valve rod 6 mm.Characteristics of H25CH camshafts are: phase 247/247, lifting 9.2 / 9.2 mm.
The camshafts rotate with a toothed belt. Replacing the timing belt is needed after every 60 thousand km of run, otherwise everything will end sadly - your X25xe will fit the valve.
Intake manifold here with variable geometry MULTI RAM. Performance nozzles 204 ss.
Manages the Bosch Motronic Motronic Motor Motor Motor Motronic M 2.8.3, on Omega B Motronic M 2.8.1.
At the end of 1997, the Vectra i500 car was released on which the x25xei motor was stood. This engine was different from X25XE camshafts with a phase 262/262 and a lifting 10.0 / 10.0 mm, as well as the exhaust and setup of the ECU. As a result, the motor power increased to 195 hp. at 6500 rpm, and the torque is 240 nm at 3500 rpm.
On the basis of the X25XE motor, a 3-liter X30XE was created.
The Saab B258i engine, which was on the Saab 900 car, is an analogue x25xe.
This DVS was produced until 2000, then 26-liter V6 Y26SE was started instead.
Problems and disadvantages of engine Opel x25xe
1. Oil in candle fluffs, leaks oil. It usually flows the valve lid gasket, it is necessary to replace it, at the same time and clean the ventilation of crankcase gases, it is necessary to do it regularly. You can put aluminum valve covers From Vectra B x25xe and the problem will leave.
2. Oil in antifreeze. Very and very high probability that the problem is in the oil cooler in the collapse of the block. Check it first.
3. All owners of these engines are known that even a small pallet deformation can overlap the oil worker, which is located too close to the pallet. The consequences are very sad. If the oil pressure lamp is burning, then it is worth considering the status of the pallet and, if necessary, straighten it or replace it.
The rest of the engine is ordinary, with normal and regular maintenanceUsed original spare partsusing the original motor oil and good gasolineHis resource is more than 300 thousand.
Opel X25XE Engine Tuning
Increase the power X25XE is far from the most profitable lesson, the easiest way to do chip tuning, get from above 10-15 hp and save money for more powerful car. But if you really want to make faster exactly vehicle, then you need to buy camshafts from x30xe, put cold air intake, light flywheel, remove catalysts and customize the computer. This will give under 200 hp On the flywheel. Build more powerful motor Overhead.
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Books
- Ford Mondeo 2000-2003. Repair and maintenance, A. K. Legg, Peter T. Gill. The manual examined: Options with Body`hetchback`, `Sedan` Anduniversal`, including special options / options for limited series. Gasoline engines: 4-cylinder engines 1. 8 l (1798 ...
- Ford Mondeo. 2000-2003. Repair and maintenance, A. K. Legg, Peter T. Gill. The manual examined: options with the body of hatchback, sedan and station wagon, including special options / options for limited series. Gasoline engines: 4-cylinder engines 1. 8 l ...
- Ford Mondeo 2000-2003. Models with gasoline and diesel engines. Repair and maintenance, technical inspector preparation, operation, color electrical strokes, Leg AK. The leadership addressed: options with the body "hatchback", "Sedan" and "Universal", including special options / options for a limited series. Gasoline engines: 4-cylinder engines 1. 8 l ...
