How much oil is in the yamz engine. Trucks gas, zil, kamaz, ural, maz, kraz Yamz 238 oil volume

The most widespread of the engines of the Yaroslavl Motor Plant is the family of YaMZ-238 diesel engines. If you look at YaMZ-238 without touching technical parameters, then it differs slightly from the YaMZ-236 family - they simply added one cylinder to each row to the V-shaped six-cylinder unit, thus obtaining an eight-cylinder one.
All eight-cylinder engines of the YaMZ-236 series, regardless of the presence of a turbocharger, have the same volume - 14.86 liters and a dimension of DxS 130 by 140 mm, a camber angle of 90 ° and 135 ° relative to the vertical axis.
The technical characteristics of the engines of the YaMZ-238 family differ quite a lot. Atmospheric diesel YaMZ-236 base engine family is atmospheric YaMZ-238 Euro-0. Its power range is from 180 hp. in the derated version of the YaMZ-238G2, up to 240 hp for YaMZ-238M2 models.
The scope of YaMZ-238 atmospheric engines is extensive, they are used: - YaMZ-238M2 modifications as a power unit for motor vehicles, moving both on public roads and off-road (with fordability up to 1.4 meters deep), as industrial motors for driving drilling, pumping units and compressor stations, in diesel power plants, as marine diesel; - YaMZ-238GM as an engine for road and excavator equipment; - YaMZ-238KM as a diesel engine for underground dump trucks; - YaMZ-238AK and YaMZ-238AM as a combine motor.
Unlike the YaMZ-236 family, the YaMZ-238 family also includes turbocharged engines with Euro-0 performance. These are well-known "super" engines for MAZ of the YaMZ-238D and YaMZ-238B series with a significant range of modifications. In addition to them, this group should include the engines of the YaMZ-238ND series (3, 4 and 5), which are widely used as part of wheel loaders, agricultural tractors, forest harvesting and road construction equipment. The YaMZ-238ND4-4 model was created as a marine engine and is used on boats of the KS type. YaMZ-238DK modifications are intended for power vehicles and combines, and YaMZ-238DI are installed on diesel power plants (diesel generators).
With the seeming simplicity of using a turbocharger to increase power, this entailed a whole range of measures to change the design of a diesel engine and improve the quality of parts. Improved quality criteria primarily affected the following spare parts: crankshaft, cylinder block and cylinder-piston group.
To match environmental requirements Euro-1 turbocharged YaMZ-238 engines have undergone additional refinement. The design of the engines was supplemented by a liquid-oil heat exchanger and a high-performance water pump, a cylinder-piston group with an efficient cooling system. The inclusion of the fan impeller drive is provided by a special clutch. In addition to turbocharging, the YaMZ-236 diesel engine received a charge air cooler, which is installed directly on the product in which the power unit is used. It was also required to increase the injection energy into the combustion chamber, for which a new type of fuel equipment was designed.
Engines of the YaMZ-238ND Euro-0 series have undergone additional modernization and the YaMZ-238ND models (6, 7 and 8) comply with more stringent environmental requirements, which made it possible to use them in a larger segment of equipment: on agricultural tractors, loaders, as part of wheeled vehicles at their base. By a similar modernization, YaMZ-238DE motors were obtained from the YaMZ-238D engine. All motors of the YaMZ-238DE series, with the exception of the YaMZ-238DE-21 modification (used for a forage harvester), are used as part of motor vehicles. All these power units belong to Euro-1.
The use of a more efficient high-pressure fuel pump (HFP) allowed the YaMZ-238 family of diesel engines to achieve Euro-2 performance. The series received the designation YaMZ-238DE2, all engines of the series were used exclusively in road transport.
At present, YaMZ-238 engines on automobile factories are not supplied due to stricter requirements for environmental parameters, are used as replacement part, as well as in places where there are not such severe restrictions - for example, in the production of road equipment or diesel power plants.

The device of diesel engines YaMZ-238

The YaMZ-238 engine has eight cylinders, with a combustion chamber displacement of 1858 cm³ each. The principle of operation is four-stroke, characteristic of Otto engines, the order of operation of the cylinders is 1-3-6-2-4-5-7-8, direct injection, compression ratio 16.5.
Cylinder-piston group (CPG) with a piston made of silumin (an alloy of aluminum with silicon) and a cast-iron sleeve of the so-called "wet type". The CPG is attached to a two-tee connecting rod, cast from cast iron with a special bronze insert, using a “floating type” pin with two retaining rings. The other side of the connecting rod is attached with two bolted connections to the crankshaft journal through liners (bronze plain bearings). The cylinders are arranged in two rows of four each.
For each row there is one common head cylinder block (cylinder head). The camshaft has a gear drive and is the same for both cylinder heads. The crankshaft is forged with nitrogen-reinforced journals, has five support points and counterweights. The cylinder block is cast in gray cast iron at the same time as the upper part of the crankcase. The block of cylinders of release till 2008. differs from modern (unified, has a shortened "skirt"). The flywheel housing is cast separately from the block. A steel flywheel with a separate ring gear (used for starting the engine) is made in two versions: for a double-disk clutch (wide) and for a single-disk (narrow). Fuel system motor YaMZ-238 mechanical plunger type. The YaMZ-236 engine has a water cooling system and a mixed type oil lubrication system (under pressure and by spraying), water and oil coolers are installed separately from the engine.

Read more about the technical characteristics and scope of the YaMZ-238 engines on the page of the required model.

Diesel engines in the modern world are installed on trucks, tractors, agricultural vehicles and tractors. The domestic analogue of reliable foreign engines is YaMZ-238. It is installed on such well-known vehicles as MAZ, KRAZ, KAMAZ, ZIL, DON, K-700 and other vehicles. Of course, initially the motor was intended for Minsky's products, but over time it proved that the YaMZ-238 engine, specifications which is high, is the best diesel engine in the USSR and the post-Soviet space, and can easily compete with such famous brands like MAN and DAP.

General information

YaMZ-238 replaced the outdated engines YaAZ-204 and YaAZ 206. It was developed in the 50s by the legendary Soviet designer Chernyshev G.D., who was also the author of YaMZ-236.

This engine gained its popularity due to its reliability and compatibility with many cars and tractors. 65 years have passed since the creation of the first motor, and the popularity of these engines has only increased. The ease of operation, repair and maintenance made the YaMZ-238 an indispensable assistant for many agricultural and construction companies that use this motor in their cars.

Of course, over the years of development and implementation of new technologies, this engine has received many modifications, but the basic structure has not changed, only adjustments have been made to the overall design.

Specifications

Consider the YaMZ-238 engine, the technical characteristics of the motor.

The engine has a V configuration for 8 cylinders, which are arranged in 2 rows. 16 valves provide perfect injection and exhaust. As on the 236th, the piston stroke is 140 mm, the cylinder diameter is 130 mm. Fluid system engine cooling YaMZ-238 provides maximum effect and keep the motor from overheating.

The working volume is 14.866 liters, and the power, depending on the modification, can be 235-420 Horse power. The YaMZ-238 engine, the technical characteristics of which in some cases allow it to develop power up to 500 horsepower, is installed not only on the recommended equipment, but also on cars with other design data. Also, new modifications use a turbocharger, which gives even more confidence and traction during operation.

Device

TNVD YaMZ-238 is a fuel pump that can be called fuel station. It is located in the collapse of the power unit and supplies fuel to each cylinder separately, and injection is performed directly.

The engine has two block heads, which are made of cast iron. steel, manufactured by stamping technology. The main power unit is made of cast iron, and is made from a hardened billet by turning.

The injection system is built in such a way that the YaMZ-238 high-pressure fuel pump delivers fuel under pressure to the nozzles that perform the injection. The fuel equipment on this engine is considered one of the most advanced in the world. The type of this system is plunger, has a centrifugal clutch, which is itself adjustable.

The piston casting comes from high-strength aluminum, which allows it not to break under heavy loads. Each of them has 1 oil scraper ring and 3 compression rings.

The YaMZ-238 engine, whose technical characteristics and design are reliable and simple, has a motor resource of 800 thousand km, and with proper maintenance 1 million km can be reached.

Installation on other vehicles

The YaMZ-238 engine, whose technical characteristics are high, can be installed on other cars. So, cargo, construction and agricultural machinery were subjected to alterations. For example, KAMAZ with the YaMZ-238 engine proved to be very good, which made it possible to reduce fuel consumption, unlike the original Kama engine.

Of course, on many cars it was necessary to redo the fasteners of the power unit, install another gearbox, but all this was justified during the operation and repair.

Repair

Repair of the YaMZ-238 engine is quite easy if you give it to specialists in this field. The main problem remains the search for spare parts, but many manufacturers give you the opportunity to choose from a wide range. With the onset of the crisis, pricing increased, but less than for foreign-made motors.

Consider which spare parts are changed more often when overhauling the YaMZ-238 engine. Technical characteristics in this case also play a very important role, since there are several generations of the motor, and therefore there is some dissimilarity. So, here is the list of spare parts:

Crankshaft and camshaft seals.
Bearing to / shaft.
Sleeve kits (piston, pin, sleeve, rings).
Connecting rod bushings.
Exhaust and intake valves.
Valve seats.
Guide bushings.
Valve seals.
and connecting rods.
Filters.
Butter.
Gasket set.
And other small details.

During repairs, the crankshaft is usually bored to fit the repair dimensions, and the cylinder head planes are ground. average cost overhaul of YaMZ-238 is about 80,000-100,000 rubles, depending on the region and selected spare parts. It's cheaper than buying a new engine.

Service

Servicing the YaMZ-238 engine (whose technical characteristics have high results) is quite easy and simple. So, regular replacement of oil and filters will allow not only to develop a full working resource, but also in some cases to surpass it. Consider what needs to be changed during regular maintenance:

Oil in a volume of 25 liters. That's how much is poured into this motor. By the way, this diesel engine is ideally suited for such lubricants, like M10G2K and M10DM.
Oil filter. Depending on the design and modification, it can be of different sizes and types.
Fuel filters that must be replaced are mandatory, since the quality of domestic fuel leaves much to be desired.
Repair kits for rough and fine cleaning fuel.

In some cases, it is required to read the injectors and the high pressure fuel pump.

The YaMZ 238 engine is a power unit of a family of engines manufactured by the Yaroslavl Motor Plant. The YaMZ 238 motor is considered the older brother of the equally well-known YaMZ-236 power unit. They have similar technical characteristics, device of operation and design features.

Historical aspect

The 238th model, like the younger brother of the 236th, replaced the outdated YaAZ-204 and YaAZ-206 engines. The development and implementation of the power unit began back in the 50s of the 20th century, when it was necessary to make a powerful 4-stroke diesel engine with economical performance.

The legendary Soviet engineer, designer and inventor, Georgy Dmitrievich Chernyshev, is considered the father of the YaMZ family of engines. At that time - it was a unique motor of its kind, which was produced for half a century, and established itself as one of the best power units worldwide.

To date, the YaMZ 238 engine has officially been discontinued, since the Yaroslavl plant produces the receiver - YaMZ-530 and YaMZ-540. But, the production of spare parts continues, and the line will not stop, at least in the next 10 years.

Specifications

The technical characteristics of the YaMZ-238 engine have not changed over the entire period of production and upgrades. Of course, the motor was improved according to latest developments and innovation, but there were very few design changes. Consider the main characteristics of the power unit:

Name	Characteristic
A type	Diesel, turbocharged diesel
Volume	15 liters (14,866 cc)
Configuration, parameter	V-shaped
Number of cylinders	8
Number of valves	16
Economy	from Euro-0 to Euro-4
Cylinder diameter	130 mm
Compression ratio	17,5
Cooling	Liquid
valve mechanism	OHV
Block and head material	Cast iron
Resource	800,000 - 1,000,000 km
Fuel	Diesel fuel
The order of operation of the cylinders	1-5-4-2-6-3-7-8
Applicability	MAZ, KRAZ, URAL, T series tanks, K tractors, LAZ buses, CHETRA all-terrain vehicle and more

It is worth noting that all 238 series engines have a mechanical high pressure fuel pump. Each cylinder has its own pump section for even combustion. The injection pump is located between the rows of cylinders, on the collapse of the engine.

Motor modifications

ICE YaMZ 238 received a lot of modifications and applicability to car row. So, according to the manufacturer's technical documentation, consider which the lineup and the G8 engine has modifications:

235 HP (173 kW) at 1700 rpm, 1108 N m (113 kgf m) at 1300 rpm - YaMZ-238ND3.
235 HP (173 kW) at 1700 rpm, 1108 N m (113 kgf m) at 1300 rpm - YaMZ-238ND6.
240 HP (177 kW) at 2100 rpm, 882 N * m (90 kgf * m) at 1500 rpm - YaMZ-238 (base).
250 HP (184 kW) at 1900 rpm, 1108 N m (113 kgf m) at 1300 rpm - YaMZ-238ND4.
250 HP (184 kW) at 1900 rpm, 1108 N m (113 kgf m) at 1300 rpm - YaMZ-238ND7.
280 HP (206 kW) at 2100 rpm, 1029 N m (105 kgf m) at 1500 rpm - YaMZ-238PM.
290 HP (184 kW) at 2000 rpm, 1128 N m (115 kgf m) at 1400 rpm - YaMZ-238DK.
300 HP (220 kW) at 1900 rpm, 1280 N m (131 kgf m) at 1300 rpm - YaMZ-238ND5.
300 HP (220 kW) at 1900 rpm, 1280 N m (131 kgf m) at 1300 rpm - YaMZ-238ND8.
320 HP (235 kW) at 2100 rpm, 1117 N m (114 kgf m) at 1500 rpm - YaMZ-238FM.
330 HP (243 kW) at 2000 rpm, 1225 N m (125 kgf m) at 1400 rpm - YaMZ-238DK.
330 HP (243 kW) at 2100 rpm, 1225 N m (125 kgf m) at 1300 rpm - YaMZ-238D.
330 HP (243 kW) at 2100 rpm, 1225 N m (125 kgf m) at 1300 rpm - YaMZ-238DE.
330 HP (243 kW) at 2100 rpm, 1274 N m (130 kgf m) at 1200 rpm - YaMZ-238DE2.
330 HP (243 kW) at 1900 rpm, 1274 N m (130 kgf m) at 1200 rpm - YaMZ-6582.
360 HP (265 kW) at 1900 rpm, 1570 N m (160 kgf m) at 1200 rpm - YaMZ-7512.
400 HP (294 kW) at 1900 rpm, 1715 N m (175 kgf m) at 1200 rpm - YaMZ-7511.
400 HP (294 kW) at 1900 rpm, 1764 N m (180 kgf m) at 1200 rpm - YaMZ-6581.
420 HP (309 kW) at 1900 rpm, 1764 N m (180 kgf m) at 1200 rpm - YaMZ-7513.

Power unit maintenance

The YaMZ-238 engine does not have significant differences from the 236 model. Service maintenance the engine is carried out every 20-25 thousand kilometers. Planned Maintenance ICE - a set of operations aimed at maintaining the primary state of the units and parts of the unit. According to the manual for the repair and operation of the YaMZ motor compiled by the manufacturer, we will consider what operations are included in the maintenance of the G8:

Change of oil.
Replacement of filters. So, depending on the modification of the engine, there may or may not be the following filter elements: a fine and coarse oil filter, a filter element for coarse and fine fuel purification, an air filter, an exhaust eco-filter.
Nozzle cleaning.
High pressure fuel pump adjustments.
Other operations aimed at maintaining the power unit.

Servicing a high-pressure fuel pump is a separate set of operations that only masters in the repair of fuel equipment for diesel engines can do with high quality.

Engine repair: basic description

Repair of the YaMZ 238 engine is a whole range of operations to restore the engine's performance, which is not recommended to be done by hand. So, it is worth contacting professionals who can correctly diagnose malfunctions and wear, as well as what inner element needs to be replaced. Consider the main set of operations that is carried out for the YaMZ 238 motor in order to carry out overhaul motor:

Superficial fault diagnosis is carried out by ear. The motorist determines the presence extraneous noise, as well as the preliminary location.
Dismantling the motor from the car, as well as carrying out a complete disassembly of the power unit.
Cylinder measurements and crankshaft. Determining the repair number, as well as ordering spare parts. As practice shows, in most cases, in order not to bore the engine cylinders, the block is sleeved. This parameter allows, and in the case of subsequent repairs, to bore not the block, but the sleeves, which, when worn, can be removed and new ones inserted.
Cylinder head repair.
Assembly of the power unit.

A separate parameter is the restoration of the injection pump. As practice shows, the master repairs only the plunger pair, which wears out most often.

As for in-line repair operations, each owner of a car with a YaMZ engine has sufficient skills and knowledge to restore his engine on his own, the main thing is that the hand grows from the right place. The most common problems include:

Starter and alternator failure.
Failure of the water pump.
Replacing drive belts.
Valve mechanism adjustment.
Change of oil.
Replacing engine filters.

Repair instructions for each node are available on the Internet or you can use factory books that are publicly available.

Conclusion

The YaMZ 238 engine is considered a legend in the domestic automotive industry. For more than half a century of production, the power unit has shown itself to be reliable and easily repairable. For these qualities, he fell in love with motorists.

It is worth noting that YaMZs, both 238 and 236, were often exported in large quantities. For example, China orders engines of this series for its heavy trucks, since only BELAZ and Caterpillar can compete with YaMZ, but they are much more expensive than their domestic counterparts.

Throughout its existence, the YaMZ-238 engine has undergone many modifications, but the basic design has remained virtually unchanged. This power unit is considered one of the most reliable and powerful for trucks and agricultural machinery.

Engine oil volume - the most important characteristic, in case of non-observance of which normal work unit is not possible. This indicator is closely related to such data as the number of operating hours before replacement and the class of lubricants recommended in the instructions.

Yaroslavsky engine plant produces a whole line of engines, the prototype of which can be considered YaMZ 238. The production of this engine began in 1962. It became an improved version of the previously assembled YaMZ 236 (six-cylinder), but for many years both power units continued to be actively used in parallel with each other. The family has many common features: design features, operating principles, similar technical indicators. Later YaMZ 530 appeared - four- and six-cylinder in-line engines, both diesel and gas.

The motors of the Yaroslavl plant are used on powerful trucks MAZ, Urals, KrAZ, tractors and combines, river and sea boats, as well as diesel power plants. Due to its reliability and unpretentiousness, the engine is still in demand, its production continues. The latest version of the YaMZ-238 / Euro-0 Turbo is distinguished by the presence of a turbine. Among other design improvements, it is equipped with a liquid-oil heat exchanger and a high-pressure fuel pump.

By design, the YaMZ-238 power unit is an eight-cylinder V-shaped two-row body made of low-alloyed gray cast iron, the camber angle of this motor is 90 °.

Main design features and technical characteristics:

displacement of cylinder rows relative to each other by 35 mm;
working volume 14.85 l;
naturally aspirated;
power from 180 to 240 hp;
fuel consumption (100% power) - 227 g / kWh.

Oils for YaMZ

The strength of the YaMZ 238 engine is a carefully thought-out and trouble-free system oil lubrication all nodes. A mixed scheme is applied here, its principle of operation lies in the fact that the root and connecting rod bearings located in the key components of the unit - the camshaft and crankshaft - are lubricated under pressure. The connecting rod bushings, oil pump idler bushings, valve rocker bushings, pushrod bushings and spherical rod bearings are also serviced. The remaining elements are the cylinder mirror, rolling bearings, gears and cams camshaft do not require as much lubrication and are serviced by splashing. A system is provided on the walls of the cylinder block oil channels for supplying lubricant to the units and filters of the mechanism.

According to the instructions for servicing motors of the 238 series, diesel oil GOST 5304-54. Also in the accompanying documents, you can find recommendations for the use of engine oil additives that improve the functioning of the oil refilled into the engine.

Main elements of the system YaMZ lubricants 238:

standard oil pump gear type;
jet driven centrifugal fine oil filter;
full flow oil filter based on a metal mesh with a replaceable filter element.

Characteristics of filling tanks YaMZ 238

For the YaMZ 238 engine, a mixed-type lubrication system with a "wet" sump is used.

To clarify how much oil you need to fill in the YaMZ 238 engine, you can focus on the dimensions filling tanks unit. In particular, the lubrication system has a volume of 32 liters of oil.

The engine cooling system without a radiator requires 20 liters of lubricants. fuel pump enough 0.2 l, capacity air filter- 1.4 l. The 238 model, unlike the 236, does not have a regulator.

The volume of oil in the YaMZ 238 engine is measured using a special dipstick marked "maximum" and "minimum". 24-28 liters are poured at a time, while the working volume of the lubrication system of this power unit reaches 32 liters. if during operation the oil pressure in the system is increased to more than 520 kPa (5.2 kgf / sq. cm), excess lubricants return through the oil line and are simultaneously cleaned by filters.

Maintenance and repair of YaMZ 238

Service maintenance of the YaMZ 238 engine is recommended to be carried out after 20,000 - 25,000 km of run. When checking, the oil pressure should give indicators of 4-7 kgf / cm2 on a warm engine. The indicator is the same for atmospheric and turbo systems. A change of lubricants is necessary during maintenance according to the schedule, as well as in the event of streaks, smoke, knocks during engine operation, while the capacity various systems varies, as do replacement times.

You can get acquainted with the technology of servicing power units in the repair and operation manual developed by the manufacturer. To the complex mandatory operations during engine maintenance internal combustion Yaroslavl plant includes the following manipulations:

Change of oil;
checking and replacing filters:
- fine filter,
- coarse filter,
- fuel filters,
- exhaust system ecofilter,
- air filter;
adjustment of valves;
nozzle cleaning;
checking and debugging the fuel pump.

Important: the YaMZ 238 engine urgently needs repairs if blue smoke appears during operation. This indicates that the lubricant is burning.

Motor oils for YaMZ diesel engines

Yaroslavl Motor Plant in the middle Russian manufacturers autotractor diesel engines for more than 60 years has been a leader in the formation of the necessary requirements for motor oils.

The year 1940 was marked by the release of the YAZ-204 engine, it was at this moment that it was necessary to launch completely New Product, because cars with the new YaAZ-204 engine, even on the most the best oils without additives, they did not have time to turn out more than 160 hours! They failed after 100-150 hours of operation. coking piston rings or a complete loss of mobility - that's what was the stop of the motor. The sulfur contained in the fuel, and naturally the oxidation products of non-polymerization formed from the oil due to exposure to high temperatures, strongly coke the piston rings in the grooves.

It is worth understanding the fact which oils form strong oil films, do not prevent coking of piston rings, do not form resinous deposits, interfere with the formation of deposits in the exhaust system, in addition, they exclude carbon deposits on candles; they do not have amazing anti-corrosion and anti-wear properties. How much oil is in the MAZ-504 YaMZ-238 engine: 240: 29.0: Engine oil tolerances: summer: M-10V2, M. Krapiva, synthetic oils. they are perfectly adapted to new types of fuel and are not environmentally friendly.

By the end of the 50s, the Yaroslavl Motor Plant was producing two diesel engines YaMZ-236 is not YaMZ-238. This YaMZ 238 turbo diesel engine has a fairly wide use of inexpensive engine oil and transmission oil. How to change the oil in Daewoo engine v Daewoo Nexia how many liters. For these engines, oils with effective more additives. Later new issue diesel engines YaMZ necessitated an increase in the level of performance parameters of motor oils used in almost all engines.

Currently, YaMZ has a standard RD 37.319.034-97, which spells out what remains to be done by our client with the requirements for the physical and chemical non-operational properties of motor oils used on YaMZ engines. A similar standard establishes the procedure for admitting motor oils to YaMZ engines. How much oil should be poured into a Renault gearbox. How many liters; Oil volume (l.) 1.5: SOHC: How many liters; Fluid in brake system Daewoo. For this purpose, the document also additionally spells out sets of methods for testing motor oils, which are subjected to oils of different groups.

According to the systematization of motor oils (API - South American Petroleum Institute). four groups of YaMZ oils correspond to the following four classes:

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Ural timber carrier, Yamz engine—238 , drain oils, washing the centrifuge, filter, etc. thermostat is not a faucet trailer.

How to change the oil on a T-150K tractor with YaMZ-236(238)

April 2014. Seasonal change oils v YaMZ engine-236 on the T-150K tractor. Butter used for replacement.

According to the Russian systematization of motor oils GOST 17479.1-85 (by designation not the level of operational parameters) used in cars, tractors, diesel locomotives, agricultural, marine, road and other equipment, the first three groups are equivalent to G2, D2 not E2.