Cars operating on electricity took place in the middle of the 19th century, and if it were not for the difficulty of recharging, they could make a healthy competition to their petrol fellow. In early 21st century, many companies began to promote their electric cars, and almost no model could compete with ordinary cars by chassis. But the appearance in the arena Tesla Motors. Some degree corrected the situation, and many believe that the future behind the electric vehicles of the production of TESLA. Is it so? - Time will judge! But let's see what Tesla cars can boast to date.
A little about Tesla Motors
It all started in 2003, when two enthusiasts Martin Eberhard and Mark Tarpenning founded a company that is symbolic was named after Nikola Tesla. This scientist constructed an electric motor 100 years ago.
From the very beginning the purpose of the company's activities was the commercialization of electric vehicles. The first priority was the creation of a premium school sports car in order to show that electric vehicles Can make competition even at a high level. Over time, the serial release of such cars in various bodies, which should be accessible to the average consumer were planned. True, while Tesla-Mobiles in normal configuration costs approximately $ 100,000 ...
The guys needed a good investment, and they soon turned to Ilona Mask. He was very interested in the project, because electric vehicles can make the world better, at least partially removing it from the oil needle. "Good, I'm in business!" - said Mask, becoming the main shareholder by the president of the company. His enthusiasm and, of course, financial resources were presented future Tesla Motors.
Today Ilon Mask is the face of the company. He not only made huge investments in all this enterprise, but also initiated the introduction of some technological and design solutions for TESLA cars.
In short, Tesla Motors received proper support and financing, especially after the presentation of the first sports electric car
They continue to move the specified course and are preparing for the release of the fourth electric vehicle. Although it is worth noting the unpleasant fact that the company in last years Works in a specific loss.
What makes Tesla-Mobile special
In each model of the electric car from Tesla, new chips appeared, about what we will talk about, but the main technological solutions Considered throughout the model range.
Design
Everyone knows that cars on liquid fuel have hundreds of moving elements, but in the case of our electric friends, everything is a little simpler - their work is ensured only four main systems:
- Energy storage system (ESS);
- Power electronics module (PEM);
- Electric motor;
- Sequental gearbox.
Thus, electric vehicles have less weight, more useful space inside (two trunk) and a smaller probability of breakage due to a relatively small number of parts.
Autopilot
Attention deserves and advanced autopilot TESLA. While still does not exclude the presence of the driver behind the wheel, but Ilon Mask promises that the car is already soon can drive from one American coast to another Without the participation of the driver, who even recharge does not have to do - everything will do artificial intelligence.
Autopilot Tesla Autopilot can move along the road, adhering to its strip, steer and slow down, so as not to face other cars, control the speed taking into account the intensity of movement and perform many other utilities.
Current models can independently (without a driver) overcome up to 12 meters, for example, in order to park or go to the garage.
Autopilot Action:
Minimalism in the salon
The central console is represented by a huge touch screen (size depends on the model), with which the main control occurs. You will not find any togglers and buttons. There is also a display with all the necessary information on the site of the usual dashboard.
The interior itself corresponds to the price of the car, but we will not paint it strongly, since there is no taste and color of comrades.
Battery.
Power supply - then without which the electric car will not go. Prior to that, large galvanic elements were used, however, Tesla Motors went to another way. Their cars feed from the battery of the several thousand lithium-ion batteries Panasonic produced similar to those used in household appliances devices. 
In Tesla Roadster, the battery was located behind the seats, and already in the model s placed it in the floor of the car. Such a decision made it possible to preserve the useful space and improve controllability.
Network "Supercharges"
Tesla car owners must count on long trips, Therefore, Supercharger was developed - charging stations for electric vehicles. In the future, they should be the same available and common as ordinary refills.
To date, the "Supercharge" network is well developed in the United States: you can get from one to another coast, without fear that you will have a battery on the road and there will be no place to charge. Slowly supercharger appears in Europe, Asia, and even in Russia, such a miracle can be seen.
You can charge the battery less than an hour.
Initially, for owners of Tesla-mobile, the recharge was free, but recently the manufacturer reported that the fee will be charged on the new rules. And if more precisely, each owner of such a car will be issued an annual coupon for 400 kW / h free charge, and when the limit is exhausted, you will have to pay from your pocket. Rates are still unknown.
TESLA model range
Since 2006, only 4 Tesla-Mobile were presented and released in production:
- Sports car Tesla Roadster;
- Sedan Tesla Model S;
- Tesla Model X crossover;
- Sedan Tesla Model 3.
I wonder what for purchase car Tesla need to leave an application on the official website of the company. It is not atypically for automotive marketAfter all, sales are usually taking place through dealers.
The debut work of Tesla Motors - Roadster sports electric vehicle was produced from 2008 to 2012. During this period, about 2,600 cars have left the conveyor.
The body itself and the chassis were borrowed from car Lotus. ELISE. It was a kind of hacking stereotype that all electric cars do not differ elegant external species. Tesla Roadster looks like a real sports car.
The electrical induction engine weighs only 32 kg, while Tesla Roadster may accelerate up to 100 km / h in just 4 seconds, but maximum speed It is 201.1 km / h. At one charge, you can drive up to 400 km. IN basic configuration He cost 109,000 dollars.
Due to the peculiarities of the motor reaction, the need for complex transmissions was disappeared. In the roadster there are only three of them: two front stroke And one rear.
In addition to buns, as heated seats, stereo, ABS, the following innovations appeared in this car, which are in subsequent models:
- A unique code that allows you to start the car.
- A special receptionist with which you can control, for example, by opening the garage gate.
- Docking station under the iPad.
- Door handles with electric drive.
Interestingly, the first Tesla Roadster at the presentation in 2006 could ride no more than 5 minutes due to overheating batteries.
In a word, releaseing Roadster, manufacturers were able to truly declare themselves and demonstrate new technological solutions in terms of electric transport.
Tesla Model S.
This sedan was presented in 2009 in Frankfurt Motor ShowAnd already in 2012 its serial production began.
Model S can pass on one charge 458 km - It became a record among other electrocars. True, for this you need to order a car with an upgraded battery.
The price is marked from 75 thousand to 105 thousand dollars.
It was on this car for the first time demonstrated automatic replacement Batteries as an alternative to recharge. Such a service has become available at the filling supercharge stations And costs about 80 dollars.
Model S Some journalists have already managed to paint best car. Of course, the assertion is controversial, but, for example, in terms of security, it really surpasses many other cars on the market. All this thanks constructive features Electrocar:
- No fuel fuel - there is nothing to light up!
- Under the hood, empty luggage storage space is a kind of deformation zone, and it will absorb most of the impact on the front collision.
- The center of gravity is much lower than on other cars, therefore, the probability of overturning is reduced.
A distinctive feature of Model S is the fact that it the first electric car collected from scratch. For other similar cars, ready-made bases of gasoline models were used.
Just to charge the car from the outlet will not learn. To do this, you will have to buy additionally charging station Or constantly visit Supercharger.
Model s even visited the "Great Test Drive":
This electric vehicle became very popular and overtaken on sales even such cars as Mercedes-Benz S-Class and BMW 7th series. In the same Norway, Tesla Model S in September 2013 became the best selling. This contributed in many ways governmental support Electric vehicles in the form of tax mailings, as well as high prices for gasoline.
Sales of this electric crossover began in 2015. Model X is made on the Model S platform and is available in three sets: 75D, 90D, P90D, which basically differ in batteries. Already in the basic version of the car is equipped with two electric motors.
The reserve of the stroke Depending on the battery makes up to 411 km, and the limitation of the maximum speed is 250 km / h.
Main Pishka Model X - automatic door in the shape of a seagull wing. Such a decision not only facilitated access to the interior of the car, but reduced the required place in the parking lot.
Model x 70D costs $ 81,000, and the most sophisticated P90D - $ 142,000.
The electric crossover from Tesla was conceived as best auto For family and travel. In general, the car went, given that the demand for the class has become very increased in recent years. However, it was not without negative - many owners complained about low quality Model X, mentioned problems with hardware, and malfunction of mechanical nodes.
Sedan Tesla Model 3
And this electric car at the time of writing the article has not yet been released, but was already presented.
For Model 3, they again developed a new platform, and this time Tesla-Mobile should be focused on the mass market. Basic version will cost only 35,000 dollars.
According to the move qualities of Model 3, of course, will give up to his senior brothers: overclocking up to 100 km / h in 6 seconds, the stroke reserve is 346 km.
TESLA SEMI TRUCK TRUP
In November 2017, Ilon Mask presented an electric truck.
Problems
Tesla cars will no doubt exceed competitors in the field of electric transport, but some typical shortcomings They still have. In particular, this concerns the strong charge loss during even a small downtime of the car and quick discharge at low temperatures.
Conclusion
It is likely that cars on liquid fuel in a few decades will slowly be resurred by electrocards. Tesla was able to show that such competition is real, and successfully continue to delight us innovative solutions in the field of automotive industry.
Nikola Tesla - legendary creator in the field of electrical and radio engineering, creator alternating current. In his honor, in 2003, a car was opened, which ride electricity.
Specifications
Founder automotive company Tesla became Ilon Mask, Jay Bie Strobel and Mark Tarpenning. First of all, the company's founders needed to develop a powerful electric motor and batteries to lead the leading wheels. To create the first prototype of the car it took almost 3 years.
The first electric car Tesla Roadster was presented on July 19, 2006. The presentation of the car was successful, but sports electric car had a number of shortcomings. 2009 was presented with 5-door Model S, the engines of which are installed on the vehicles on this day with minor modifications.
Specifications power aggregate Electric vehicle Tesla:
Service and operation
The maintenance of the power unit begins with the diagnosis of electromotor performance, which is directly connected to electronic block Car control. If errors are detected, then the masters find a direct cause. Service I. maintenance Tesla engines should be carried out on a certified station, since only they have necessary equipment For all repair and diagnostic and restoration operations.
Malfunctions and repair
Repair, like service, should be carried out on special equipment from specialists. The main and frequent malfunctions is the rapid loss of the battery resource. The first models of the Tesla had too little stock energy, and therefore was high like "stuck" on the track.
Another fact is a malfunction in the autopilot system. This problem caused the death of American citizen Joshua Brown in 2016. Investigation of the causes of the accident showed that the autopilot does not see the transversely reaching transport. This malfunction at the stage of improvement.
Funny facts
In order not to do a person, another person can change it and upgrade. So with the classified automobile Technologies. Jason Hughes (Jason Hughes) Big fan of Tesla and electromobiles of the company. But he likes not only to ride such electric cars, but also know how they work. Jason is a pretty famous person in the Tesla fans community. For example, it was he who managed to extract some data on the new model of an electric vehicle from the updated car firmware. More precisely, we are talking about the discovery of the "P100D" record in the TESLA 7.1 firmware.
But now he managed much more. He was able to reach Tesla Model S rear-wheel drive, and learned to manage them. Where did the drive come from, Hughes does not say, but it is not so important. It is much more important to get full control over all the functions of this node.
The first step, in this difficult project, has become the power supply to the drive with simultaneously sniffing CAN bus to the detection of individual control commands. It took about 12 hours, but in the end, the motor was able to make rotation. The master had to tinker - not only that the work of the engine had to decipher, but also to manage his work, Jason wrote a special software. At this stage, it was only about to force the engine to work. To intercept and decipher the CAN commands, it took another 3 hours.
After that, the case went easier - Hughes managed to find a full package of control commands. For example, it was able to connect the water cooling system, and brought it into action during the drive operation (in a certain mode of operation, the system declared a speed of 188 kilometers per hour). The engine managed to enter into the energy generation mode. The energy recovery system entered by TESLA engineers allows using the engine motor as a generator during braking. Now James may, at its discretion, set various power supply parameters and generating energy.
As a result, he managed to even create his own management fee rear wheel drive. Interestingly, the motor was removed from the car with a firmware 7.1, which included a number of security schemes that prevent interference in normal work Systems. But Jason managed to get around these obstacles.
The most difficult task was to force the engine to obey the team of the self-made controller, but this, it turned out to be crap. According to him, he collected his fee literally from garbage. In order to protect the engine, the master used relatively low ampero. This is not the first chaka case Tesla Model S. Mode 11 months earlier than another craftsman, Jack Ricard, also managed to force the electric motor to obey the command of the controller of his own invention. But here we are talking about the use of only the engine and the controller.
It is worth remembering that the updated model of the Tesla Model S electric vehicle comes with 70 kWh with a battery, which actually has a capacity of 75 kWh, but part of the battery, if you can express it, is locked programmatically. The company sold these cars for a month, and only now it became known about this. How can the owner of such a car be obtained 5 additional kWh? Very simple - pay extra $ 3250 for "unlock".
The process of upgrade is completely software, and produced "by air". Employees of the company physical access to cars are needed only to change the base Tesla Model S 70 on the base Tesla Model S 75 (made in the service center). The idea of \u200b\u200bthe company is simple, although it is a bit strange - to allow Tesla Model S 70 to pay less than $ 3,000 to pay than TESLA Model S 75 buyers. And the "iron" of both models are absolutely the same. The company reasoned that not everyone needs an enlarged battery capacity, and to those who do not need it, allowed to pay less. The difference in the distance that both models can drive are about 35 km away.
By the way, not so long ago for the same Tesla Model S was released special software, allowing the driver to manage the machine with the help of the "Thought Force". Mind teams can get the car to drive a little forward or turn on rear transmission. At the same time, the reading of the signals of the electrical activity of the brain is performed using a special helmet. The signals are analyzed by a special program, after which they are transmitted to the on-board computer to control the vehicle.
Output
Tesla Engine - Electrical Representative car engineswhich is the most powerful electric motor in the world. Maintenance and repair are carried out only in car service conditions. This will help to avoid trouble.
For almost five years, Tesla Motors has accidentally tried to create an electric car capable of replacing standard car with DVS. Many industry experts said that it would not be possible to do these Americans, but at the Frankfurt Motor Show, the company's specialists submitted to the public new concept - Model S.
The novelty made a strong impression, however, the mass production of the model began only three years later. Sale of car Tesla S started in the summer of 2012. At first, the electric car was available only in the North American market, but then acquire this model It became possible in Europe.
TESLA MODEL S 2019 configuration and prices
EV - electric motor, AWD - four-wheel drive, AT - automatic
The success of Tesla Model S became largely possible thanks to numerous innovative technologies and solutions that were used when creating an electric car. So, during the development of a four-door sedan, American experts issued more than 250 different patents.
In addition, it is impossible not to note the amazing dynamics of Model S. The overwhelming majority of the electrocarbers presented in the market are slow, but the American is clearly not from their number. Sedan behaves like a real sport car. It quickly accelerates and reacts lightning to any actions of the driver.
By the way, the maximum speed of the "low-power" Tesla model S reaches 193 km / h. In motion, the initial version of the model leads a 306-strong electric motor with a 60 kW / h battery with a capacity of a capacity of 335 km.
In addition to Model S 60, modifications 85 and P85 are also presented on the market. The digit in the title denotes the battery capacity, and the letter P is a reduction from English Performance, that is, "performance".
The power of the power unit at version 85 is 362 hp, and the "charged" P85 - 416 hp The stroke of both modifications is the same and amounts to 425 kilometers. Overclocking from zero to hundreds at the modifications of Tesla Model S is following: 5.9 / 5.4 / 4.2 seconds (version 60, 85 and 85p, respectively).
In the fall of 2014, the company's experts expanded the Tesla line line S, representing the 60D and 85D version. Both modifications are equipped with identical electric motors on the front and rear axis Power 190 hp The first (60D) accelerates up to 100 km / h in 5.6 seconds. And 85d - for 5.2 s. The maximum speed of the electrocarbers reaches 200 and 250 km / h, respectively.
The top modification of P85D was also declassified. It is very powerful electric car In the line of the Tesla model S. In motion, it also leads two electric motors, the total power of which is 700 hp. (930 nm). Overclocking until hundreds of P85D takes only 3.2 seconds, while the maximum speed is limited to 250 km / h (in the usual P85 limit 210 km / h). The reserve of the stroke is increased to 443 km.
Regardless of the version, the length of the Tesla car S is 4 976 mm, the width is 1 963 mm, the height is 1,435 mm. Wheelbase Machines are 2,959 millimeters. In the equipped state, the basic modification weighs 2 108 kg, but the senior versions will be heavier.
The car's salon is quite spacious, and the volume of the trunk (impressive 900 liters) is also injured. Total seating Five, however, in the luggage compartment you can install two children's chairs. And at the beginning of 2015, the manufacturer as an option (for $ 2,400) proposed replacing the rear sofa to two more comfortable separate seats with a heating function and a wide armrest between them.
TESLA Model S is at a very high level. For example, in terms of safety, the car boasts a durable aluminum case, additionally reinforced in key areas, side airbags for the driver and front passenger, side security curtains, frontal airbags for the driver's head and knees, as well as the presence aBS systems, Battery shutdown sensor when collision and so on.
The interior of the car is separated by the skin. Seats are comfortable and have a heating system. The salon received a "smart" lighting system, a powerful audio system and a huge 17-inch color touch screen, providing a driver with a lot of useful information.
From the other features of the Tesla, the Mention model deserves a semi-autonomous control system, thanks to which the car can move independently according to the driver specified by the driver, controlling the operation of the accelerator and brakes.
To assess the situation on the Electronics Road uses the data received from the camera front review And with an ultrasonic radar that scans the space around the electric frame.
Tesla Model S is a revolutionary electric car, designed to completely destroy the engine internal combustion And to instill with mankind, the desire to move exclusively on environmentally friendly transport. This car was the first to prove that electrical engine He has a huge superiority over gasoline, who has already outlived himself and he is time to the museum. So that it was not just words, let's look at specifications Electric vehicle Tesla Model S and consider all its features.
- Mass: 2108 kg
- Length: 4976 mm
- Width (taking into account side mirrors): 1963 mm
- Height: 1435 mm
- Wheel base: 2959 mm
- Clearance: 154.9 mm
- Trunk volume: 900 liters
Battery Tesla Model S.and its characteristics
This electric car has a modern lithium-ion battery having a container 85 kWh.or 60 kw⋅ch
(depends on the configuration) .
This accumulator is enough to overcome the distance equal 426 km and 335 km respectively!!! This indicator easily competes with other petrol cars S. S. Battery consists of 16 blocks and is located along the bottom of the car, which additionally increases torsion rigidity and blaspiness. Thus, this accumulator location allows you to reduce the center of gravity of the car up to 45 cm.
- Battery type: lithium-ion
- Battery volume: 85/60 kWh *
- Power reserve full charge: 426/335 km *
- Resource: 7 years or 160 thousand km
- Battery dimensions: Length - 2.1 m, Width - 1.2 m, Height - 15 cm
- Battery weight: ~ 450 kg
- Charging time from the access current of the AC 110V: in 1 hour 8 km of way
- Charging time from the household network of AC 220V: in 1 hour 50 km of way
- Time of complete charging at the station Tesla Supercharger: 30 minutes and free
TESLA MODEL S Battery
It is worth noting that the Tesla Model S battery has an extremely high charge density (similar batteries are used in laptops). The high battery life is achieved at the expense of the modern system of liquid cooling system, which, by the way, the motor itself is cooled.
Engine and Transmission Tesla Model S
The electric vehicle is installed asynchronous three-phase AC electric motor. The engine is own development tESLA companies Motors and has no analogues. Electromotor installed on rear axle car. TESLA MODEL S engine power maximum configuration - 416 liters. p., Maximum (permanent) torque - 600 nm. The electric motor is cooled using a liquid cooling system.
TESLA MODEL S engine
In addition, the modern electric car has a reliable transmission from Mercedes-Benz, which leads a car in motion using a single-stage gearbox (one speed). Ratio Reducer 9.73.
- Maximum speed: 209/201/193 km / h *
- Power: 416/362/302 liters. from.
- Acceleration from 0 to 100 km / h: 4.4 / 5.4 / 5.9 sec *
Suspension I. chassis
Tesla Model S is just satisfied modern technologies, no exception and chassis of cars. Air suspension It is capable of changing the clearance of the car, it is enough to set the desired clearance and the car will rise or fall at the request of the owner. At the expense of the lowered center of gravity, the car confidently feels even with a decent clearance "Alya Tiguan".
Steering Rush and itself has an electric powerlier. On-board computer Allows you to set the rigidity of the steering wheel. There are several levels, ranging from the sports hard and ending with a comfortable "Mercedes" mild, very convenient, agree?
Suspension
TESLA MODEL S Brake System worthy of separate attention. Basic brake system consists of ventilated brake discs and electronic system parking brake. But the main "chip" of this electric car - the recovery braking system. With its help, the car is capable of braking the engine and convert the resulting energy into electricity, thereby charging the car battery. It is extremely useful and comfortable feature. To activate the recuperative braking system, the driver must simply smoothly release the gas pedal and the electrocar will begin to slow down the transformative braking energy into useful energy.
Security Tesla Model S
"5 stars" - the highest security rating that MODEL S! The best security indicator for 2013. The highest rating is achieved through the design of the body part of the electric car. Lack of motor I. hinged aggregates Under the hood and in the back of the car allows the body of a car to form a solid "capsule", which is complemented by the strength qualities due to the battery located along the bottom of the car. ABOUT .
- Number of airbags: 8 pieces
- Additional braking system: ABS
- Other security systems: Immobilizer, battery power failure system, safety belts, etc.
Cost
Tesla Model S can be bought in America and Europe. The cost depends on the selected configuration. The price tag begins with $ 62,400 and ends $ 85,900 for the Performance Hardware.
* Depending on the configuration.
You can learn a detailed to learn about the other electrocar of Tesla Motors in the section.
