Work processes car engine pass at high temperatures, therefore, to ensure its performance for a long time, it is necessary to remove excess heat. This function is provided by the cooling system (CO). In the cold season, this heat is used to heat the passenger compartment.
In turbocharged vehicles, the function of the cooling system is to lower the temperature of the air supplied to the combustion chamber. Additionally, in one of the circles with the cooling system of some car models equipped automatic transmission gears (automatic transmission), oil cooling in the automatic transmission turns on.
Two main types of CO are installed in cars: water and air. The principle of operation of a water-cooled engine cooling system is to heat the liquid from power plant or other components and the transfer of such heat to the atmosphere through the radiator. The air system uses air as the working cooler. Both options have their merits and demerits.
However, a cooling system with liquid circulation has become more widespread.
Air CO
Air cooling
The main advantages of this layout include the simplicity of the system design and maintenance. This CO practically does not increase the mass power unit, and also not capricious to changes in ambient temperature. The negative includes a significant take-off of motor power by the fan drive, an increased noise level during operation, poorly balanced heat removal from individual units, the impossibility of using the engine block system, the impossibility of accumulating the removed heat for further use, for example, heating the passenger compartment.
Liquid CO
Liquid cooling
The system with the use of heat removal using a special fluid, due to its design, can effectively remove excess heat from mechanisms and individual structural parts. In contrast to the air, the device of the engine cooling system with liquid contributes to a faster set of operating temperature at startup. Also, motors with antifreeze are much quieter and are subject to less knocking.
Cooling system elements
Let's take a closer look at how the engine cooling system works on modern cars... Significant differences between gasoline and diesel engines in this regard, no.
The structural cavities of the cylinder block act as a "jacket" for cooling the engine. They are located around areas from which heat needs to be removed. For faster drainage, a radiator is installed, consisting of curved copper or aluminum tubes. A large number of additional ribs accelerate the heat transfer process. Such ribs increase the cooling plane.
A fan blowing air is placed in front of the radiator. The inflow of colder streams begins after the closure electromagnetic clutch... It turns on when the fixed temperature values \u200b\u200bare reached.
Thermostat operation
Continuous circulation of the coolant is ensured by the operation of a centrifugal pump. The belt or gear transmission for it receives rotation from the power plant.
The thermostat controls the flow directions.
If the temperature of the coolant is not high, then the circulation takes place in a small circle, without the inclusion of a radiator in it. If the permissible thermal mode is exceeded, then the thermostat starts the flow along a large circle involving a radiator.
For closed hydraulic systems the use of expansion tanks is typical. Such a tank is also provided in the vehicle CO.
Coolant circulation
The interior is warmed up using a heater radiator. In this case, warm air does not escape into the atmosphere, but is launched inside the car, creating comfort for the driver and passengers in the cold season. For greater efficiency, such an element is installed practically at the fluid outlet from the cylinder block.
The driver receives information about the state of the cooling system using a temperature sensor. Signals are also sent to the control unit. He can independently connect or disconnect executive devices to maintain a balance in the system.
System operation
Antifreezes with many additives, including anti-corrosion ones, are used as coolants. They help to increase the durability of units and parts used in CO. Such a liquid is forcibly pumped through the system by a centrifugal pump. Movement begins from the cylinder block, the hottest point.
First, there is a movement in a small circle with a closed thermostat without entering the radiator, because even the operating temperature for the motor has not yet been reached. After entering the operating mode, circulation takes place in a large circle, where the radiator can be cooled with a counter flow or using a plug-in fan. After that, the fluid returns to the "jacket" around the cylinder block.
There are cars using two cooling circuits.
The first lowers the temperature of the engine, and the second takes care of the charge air, cooling it to form a fuel mixture.
During movement, many of the motor mechanisms are in constant motion. Their friction is so strong that the temperature begins to rise very quickly. But the main culprit of the high temperature is the combustible mixture, as a result of the combustion of which the temperature rises to 2000-2500 ° C. In this case, the engine can quickly fail, because for its normal operation the most optimal temperature is 80-90 ° С. In order to keep the engine running, it must be cooled. For this, there is a cooling system in the motor.
The most in a simple way cooling the engine, is the counter air flow. Such a system is practically not used for cars, but it is widely used for cooling motorcycle engines. Sometimes the oncoming air also cools the engine of the cars. Among the brands we know, this system has been used on.
Operating principle air system cooling is based on the fact that air is supplied to the engine by a fan. And the cooling is automatically controlled by a thermostat, with which you can maintain the desired temperature regime, avoiding neither cooling nor overheating. Most automotive engines use a liquid cooling system. The principle of operation of this system is much simpler than air cooling. It is based on the fact that the heat emanating from the cylinders is absorbed by the cooling medium. As a temperature controller, i.e. cooling medium is used special liquid... Heated from the cylinder walls, it enters the radiator, cools there and again passes to the cylinder walls, absorbing heat. Thus, the coolant is constantly circulating, the pump drives this system. Antifreeze is used for cooling - a mixture of ethylene glycol and alcohol. Ordinary water can also be used as a cooling medium, but in cold weather its use is unacceptable, since, once it freezes, it will damage the engine. Antifreeze does not freeze down to minus 40 ° C.
And now we will talk about how the cooling system works. This device includes a cylinder cooling jacket, radiator, pump, thermostat, fan and fan belt, louvers, connecting pipes and hoses with clamps, and a water temperature gauge. All of these parts are very important and if one of them breaks down, the entire cooling system may fail.
If the engine is the heart of the machine, then the water pump can be called the heart of the cooling system. Its main function - to ensure the circulation of the liquid. The fan creates a stream of air that cools the liquid. The higher the speed of the machine, the more the fan works.
You already know what a cooling jacket is: its double cylinder walls form, and coolant enters the space between them. The radiator consists of an upper and a lower reservoir, between which pipes are located. There is a hot liquid in the upper tank, which needs to be cooled. Large amounts of water immediately cool down very slowly. But when the car is on the way, you have no time to wait, so the designers invented such a device so that the water in it is cooled in small portions.
For example, if the tea in the cup is very hot, you can put it in a teaspoon and blow it.The radiator is based on the same principle. From the upper tank, hot liquid flows in thin streams that are well blown into the lower tank. There, the liquid is collected already cooled.
The radiator filler cap is firmly closed. But the liquid can be so hot that it can even boil. For these cases, valves are provided on the plug. If excessive pressure occurs, steam is released through one valve (outlet). Through another valve (intake), air enters the radiator when the pressure in the mechanism is below atmospheric. If the engine has not yet cooled down after a long period of operation, then it is very dangerous to open the radiator cap. you can get burned by hot steam or water.
The thermostat regulates the operation of the cooling system. When the liquid heats up, the alcohol in the corrugated cylinder of the thermostat will begin to evaporate, the pressure inside the cylinder with alcohol will rise, and the cylinder, stretching in height, will open the thermostat valve. This happens at a temperature of at least 80 ° C. As soon as the temperature rises to 90 ° C, the valve opens completely and water can circulate freely in the system. The valve will close only when the temperature drops, this happens when the motorist reduces the speed of the car or stops.
On the road, even if it is very good and smooth, the car will still shake a little. Therefore, the position of the engine in relation to the radiator is constantly changing, and it cannot be placed on a solid support. Only rubber mount is allowed. For the same reason, no rigid connection is made between the engine and the radiator. But the rubberized hoses and pipes are just right. They are light and flexible, so they are not afraid of ravines and hummocks.
Jalousie are necessary to regulate the amount of air that passes through the radiator. They consist of a series of vertically installed plates that can be turned using a handle located in the passenger compartment. When the handle is in the initial position, the shutters are open and the air flows freely to the radiator without lingering. If you pull the handle towards you, the shutters will close, and air access to the radiator will stop. Having extended the handle only halfway, the air, although not strong, will flow to the radiator. Blinds are used by drivers infrequently and mainly during the cold season to protect the radiator from hypothermia. When starting the engine in winter time the blinds must be closed so that it warms up faster and does not allow the water in the radiator to freeze.
Of course, the operation of the cooling system must be monitored. For this on dashboard there is an electric water temperature indicator. It is wired to a sensor placed in the cooling jacket. On the road, the driver needs to monitor the readings of this device. The engine should not overheat, because this leads to rapid wear of the mechanism. Most often, overheating occurs due to insufficient amount of coolant or as a result of a malfunction of the cooling system. Hypothermia most often occurs in winter due to faulty blinds or lack of an insulating cover.
Overheating and cooling significantly reduce engine power, so it is necessary to regularly check the coolant level in the radiator to see if it leaks.
The cooling system needs regular inspectionduring which it is necessary to lubricate the bearings of the fan and tighten its belt and hose clamps, if necessary. In the event that you use water for cooling, then in cold weather, especially at temperatures below 0 ° C, you must ensure that the water in the radiator does not freeze, otherwise the radiator itself and the cylinder will be damaged. To protect the engine from frost, an insulating cover is put on the radiator lining.
If you want to visually familiarize yourself with the engine cooling system, then be sure to watch this video.
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The first production car was produced by Ford at the beginning of the 20th century. He wore the proud "T" prefix and represented another milestone in human development. Prior to that, cars were the lot of a handful of enthusiasts who ran hauls and occasionally drove to the afternoon promenade.
Henry Ford made a real revolution. He put cars on the conveyor, and soon his cars filled all the roads of America. Moreover, factories were opened in the Soviet Union as well.
Henry Ford's main paradigm was very simple: "A car can have any color as long as it is black." This approach made it possible for each person to have their own car. Optimizing costs and scaling up production have made the price truly affordable.
Much time has passed since then. Cars evolved incessantly. Most of the changes and additions were made to the engine. The cooling system played a special role in this process. It has been improved year after year, allowing the engine to extend its life and avoid overheating.
Engine cooling system history
It should be admitted that the engine cooling system has always been in cars, however, its design has changed dramatically over the years. If you look exclusively at the present day, then in most cars the liquid type is installed. Its main advantages include compactness and high performance.But this was not always the case.
The first engine cooling systems were extremely unreliable. Perhaps, if you strain your memory, then remember the films in which events take place in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Back then, a car on the side of the road with a smoking engine was common.
Attention! Initially, the main reason for engine overheating was the use of water as a coolant.
As a motorist, you should know that modern cars use antifreeze as a resource for the cooling system. Its counterpart was even in the Soviet Union, it was only called antifreeze.
Basically, they are one and the same substance. It is based on alcohol, but due to additional additives, the effectiveness of antifreeze is dramatically higher. For example, antifreeze in the engine cooling system covers protective film absolutely everything that has an extremely negative effect on heat transfer. Because of this, the resource of the motor is reduced.
Antifreeze works in a completely different way.It only covers with a protective film problem areas... Also, among the differences, you can recall the additional additives that are in antifreeze, different boiling temperatures, and so on. In any case, comparison with water will be most revealing.
Water boils at a temperature of 100 degrees. The boiling point of antifreeze is about 110-115 degrees.Naturally, thanks to this, cases of engine boiling have practically disappeared.
It is worth recognizing that the designers have carried out many experiments aimed at upgrading the engine cooling system. Suffice it to recall exclusively air cooling. Such systems were quite actively used in the 50-70s of the last century. But due to low efficiency and cumbersomeness, they quickly fell out of use.
Successful examples of vehicles with air-cooled engine cooling systems include:
- Fiat 500,
- Citroën 2CV,
- Volkswagen Beetle.
There were also cars in the Soviet Union that were powered by an air-cooled engine. Perhaps every motorist born in the USSR remembers the legendary "Cossacks", whose engine was installed in the back.
How a liquid engine cooling system works
Scheme fluid system cooling is not overly complicated. Moreover, all designs, regardless of which companies were engaged in their production, are similar to each other.
Device
Before proceeding to consider the principle of operation of the engine cooling system, it is necessary to study the main structural elements. This will allow you to imagine exactly how everything happens inside the device. Here are the main details of the node:
- Cooling jacket. These are small cavities filled with antifreeze. They are located where cooling is most needed.
- The radiator dissipates heat into the atmosphere. Usually its cells are made from a combination of alloys to achieve the highest efficiency. The structure must not only effectively reduce the temperature of the liquid, but also be durable. After all, even a small pebble can cause a hole. The system itself consists of a combination of tubes and edges.
- The fan is mounted on the back of the radiator so as not to interfere with the oncoming air flow. It works with an electromagnetic or hydraulic clutch.
- The thermal sensor records the current state of the antifreeze in the engine cooling system and, if necessary, starts it up in a large circle. This device is installed between the pipe and the cooling jacket. In fact, this structural element is a valve, which can be either bimetallic or electronic.
- The pump is a centrifugal pump. Its main task is to provide continuous circulation of matter in the system. The device works with a belt or gear. Some motor models may have two pumps at once.
- Radiator heating system... In terms of size, it is slightly inferior to a similar device for the entire cooling system. In addition, it is located inside the cabin. Its main task is to transfer heat to the car.
Of course, these are not all elements of the engine cooling system, there are also pipes, pipes and many small parts. But for a general understanding of the operation of the entire system, such a list is quite enough.
Principle of operation
IN engine cooling system there is an inner and outer circle. According to the first, the coolant circulates until the temperature of the antifreeze reaches a certain point. This is usually 80 or 90 degrees. Each manufacturer sets its own limits.
As soon as the threshold of the limiting temperature is exceeded, the liquid begins to circulate in the second circle. In this case, it passes through special bimetallic cells, in which it is cooled. Simply put, antifreeze enters the radiator, where it quickly cools down with the help of the oncoming air flow.
This engine cooling system is quite effective, as it allows the car to work even at top speeds. In addition, the counter airflow plays an important role in cooling.
Attention! The engine cooling system is responsible for the operation of the stove.
To better explain how it works modern systems engine cooling let's go a little deeper design features schemes. As you know, the main element of an engine is the cylinders. During the trip, pistons constantly move in them.
If we take as an example gas engine, then during contraction the candle starts a spark. It ignites the mixture, resulting in a small explosion. Naturally, the temperature at this time reaches several thousand degrees.
So that there is no overheating and there is a liquid jacket around the cylinders. She takes some of the heat and then gives it back. Antifreeze is constantly circulating in the engine cooling system.
How the use of different coolants affects the cooling system
As mentioned above, previously, ordinary water was used in cooling systems. But such a decision could not be called extremely successful. Besides the fact that the engines were constantly boiling, there was another side effect, namely, scale. In large quantities, she paralyzed the operation of the device.
Scale is caused by the chemical structure of the water. The fact is that in practice water cannot be 100% pure. The only way to achieve complete elimination of all foreign elements is distillation.
Antifreeze, circulating inside the engine cooling system, does not create scale. Unfortunately, the process of constant operation does not pass without leaving a trace for them. Substances decompose under the influence of high temperatures. The result of this process is the formation of decay products in the form of a coating of corrosion and organic matter.
Quite often, foreign substances get into the coolant circulating inside the system. As a result, the efficiency of the entire system is significantly degraded.
Attention! The greatest harm is caused by the sealant. When filling holes, particles of this substance get inside, mixing with the coolant.
The result of all these processes is that a variety of deposits are formed inside the engine cooling system. They impair thermal conductivity. In the worst case, blockages form in the pipes. This, in turn, leads to overheating.
Frequent system malfunctions
Of course, liquid cooling systems have many advantages over their closest counterparts. But even they sometimes fail. Most often, a leak forms in the structure, which leads to fluid leakage and deterioration of engine performance.
A leak in the engine cooling system can occur for the following reasons:
- Due to severe frosts the liquid inside froze and the structure was damaged.
- A common reason the formation of a leak is the leakage of the connection of the hoses with the nozzles.
- High carbonization can also cause leakage.
- Loss of elasticity due to high temperatures.
- Mechanical damage.
It is the latter reason, according to statistics, that most often causes leaks in engine cooling systems. Most of the blows are in the area of \u200b\u200bthe radiator. The stove also suffers quite often.
Also in the engine cooling system, the thermostat often fails. This is due to constant contact with the coolant. The result is a corrosive layer.
Outcome
The design of the engine cooling system may not seem particularly complicated. But it took years of experiments and thousands of unsuccessful attempts... But now every car can work to the limit thanks to high-quality heat removal from the engine.
Reliable and trouble-free iCE operation (engine internal combustion) cannot be carried out without a cooling system. Its basic principles of operation are conveniently presented in the form of a diagram of an engine cooling system. The main purpose of the system is to remove excess heat from the engine and. Additional function - heating the car with the heater of the interior heater. The device and the principle of operation, shown in the diagram, at different types cars are about the same.
Scheme, elements of the cooling system and their work
The main elements that make up the circuit of the engine cooling system are found and are similar in different types of engines: injection, diesel and carburetor.
General diagram of the liquid engine cooling system
Liquid cooling of the motor makes it possible to equally take heat from all units and parts of the engine, regardless of the degree of thermal load. A water-cooled engine produces less noise than a water-cooled engine. air cooled, has more speed warm-up at start-up.
The engine cooling system contains the following parts and elements:
- cooling jacket (water jacket);
- radiator;
- fan;
- liquid pump (pump);
- expansion tank;
- connecting pipes and drain taps;
- interior heater.
- The cooling jacket ("water jacket") is considered to be the cavities communicating between the double walls in those places where the removal of excess heat is most needed.
- Radiator. Designed to dissipate heat into the surrounding atmosphere. It structurally consists of many curved tubes with additional ribs to increase heat transfer.
- The fan, which is switched on by an electromagnetic, less often a hydraulic clutch, when the coolant temperature sensor is triggered, increases the air flow on the car. Fans with a “classic” (always on) belt drive are rare these days, mainly on older cars.
- A centrifugal liquid pump (pump) in the cooling system ensures constant circulation of the coolant. The pump drive is most often realized using a belt or gears. Turbocharged and supercharged engines direct injection fuels, as a rule, are equipped with an additional pump.
- The thermostat is the main unit that regulates the flow of coolant, is usually installed between the inlet pipe of the radiator and the "water jacket", it is structurally made in the form of a bimetallic or electronic valve. The purpose of the thermostat is to maintain the specified operating temperature range of the coolant under all engine operating modes.
- The heater radiator is very similar to the smaller cooling system radiator and is located in the passenger compartment. The fundamental difference is that the heater radiator transfers heat to the passenger compartment, while the cooling system radiator transfers heat to the environment.
Principle of operation
Principle of operation liquid cooling engine is as follows: the cylinders are surrounded by a "water jacket" of coolant, which takes away excess heat and transfers it to the radiator, from where it is transferred to the atmosphere. The liquid, continuously circulating, provides optimal temperature engine.
The principle of operation of the engine cooling system
Cooling liquids - antifreeze, antifreeze and water - during operation form sediment and scale that violate normal work the entire system.
Water is not chemically pure in principle (with the exception of distilled water) - it contains impurities, salts and all kinds of aggressive compounds. At elevated temperatures, they precipitate and form scale.
Unlike water, antifreezes do not create scale, but decompose during operation, and decomposition products have a negative effect on the operation of mechanisms: a corrosive deposit and layers of organic substances appear on the inner surfaces of metal elements.
In addition, various foreign pollutants can enter the cooling system: oil, detergents or dust. Also used for emergency repair of damages in radiators can get in.
All these contaminants settle on the internal surfaces of components and assemblies. They are characterized by poor thermal conductivity and clog the thin tubes and cells of the radiator, disrupting the efficient operation of the cooling system, which leads to overheating of the engine.
Video on how the motor cooling works, the principle of operation and malfunctions
Something else useful for you:
Flushing
Flushing the engine cooling system is a process that many drivers often neglect, which sooner or later can cause fatal consequences.
Signs it's time to flush
- If the arrow of the temperature gauge is not in the middle, but tends to the red zone while driving;
- It is cold in the cabin, the heating stove does not give a sufficient temperature;
- Radiator fan turns on too often
It is impossible to flush the cooling system with plain water, since impurities are concentrated in the system, which cannot be removed even by water heated to high temperatures.
Scale is removed with acid, and fats and organic compounds are removed exclusively with alkali, but it is impossible to pour both compositions into the radiator at the same time, since they are mutually neutralized according to the laws of chemistry. Manufacturers of flushing products, trying to solve this problem, have created a number of products that can be roughly divided into:
- alkaline;
- acidic;
- neutral;
- two-component.
The first two are too aggressive and in pure form almost never used, as they are dangerous for the cooling system and require neutralization after use. Less common are two-component types of cleaners containing both solutions - alkaline and acid, which are poured alternately.
The greatest demand is for neutral cleaners that do not contain strong alkalis and acids. These funds have varying degrees of effectiveness and can be used both for prophylaxis and for thorough flushing of the engine cooling system from heavy contamination.
Flushing the cooling system
Flushing the cooling system
- Antifreeze, antifreeze or water is drained. Before that, you need to start the engine for a couple of minutes.
- Pour water and cleaner into the system.
- Turn on the engine for 5-30 minutes (depending on the brand of cleaner) and turn on the heating of the passenger compartment.
- After the expiration of the time indicated in the instructions, the engine must be turned off.
- Drain off used cleaner.
- Flush with water or a special compound.
- Fill in fresh coolant.
Flushing the cooling system is simple and affordable: even inexperienced car owners can perform them. This operation significantly prolongs the engine life and maintains it. performance characteristics at a high level.
Malfunctions
There are a number of the most common engine cooling problems:
- Airing the engine cooling system: remove the airlock.
- Insufficient pump performance: replace the pump. Select the pump with the maximum impeller height.
- Thermostat is faulty: it can be eliminated by replacing it with a new device.
- Low performance of the coolant radiator: flushing the old one or replacing the standard one with a model with higher heat dissipation properties.
- Insufficient performance of the main fan: Install a new fan with a higher performance.
Video - identification of malfunctions of the cooling system in a car service
Regular maintenance, timely replacement of the coolant guarantees long-term operation of the vehicle as a whole.
The engines are almost identical on all machines. A hybrid system is used on modern cars. Yes, exactly this, because not only liquid, but also air participates in cooling. It blows the radiator cells. As a result, cooling is much more efficient. It is no secret that at low speed, fluid circulation does not save - you have to additionally install a fan on the radiator.
Radiator fan
Let's talk about domestic cars, for example, about "Lada". To ensure better heat transfer, the engine cooling system ("Kalina"), the circuit of which has a standard configuration, contains a fan. Its main function is to blow air over the radiator cells when the liquid reaches a critical temperature. The work is controlled by a sensor. On domestic cars, it is installed at the bottom of the radiator. In other words, there is a liquid that has given off heat to the atmosphere. And it should have a temperature of 85-90 degrees at this point of the contour. If this value is exceeded, additional cooling must be carried out, otherwise boiling water will enter the engine jacket. Consequently, the motor will operate at critical temperatures.
Cooling radiator
It serves to transfer heat to the atmosphere. The liquid passes through the honeycomb, which has narrow channels. All of these cells are connected by thin plates that improve heat dissipation. When driving with high speed air passes between the honeycomb and contributes to the rapid achievement of the result. This element contains any diagram of the engine cooling system. Volkswagen, for example, is no exception.
Above, we considered a fan that is mounted on a radiator. It blows air when the critical temperature is reached. To improve the efficiency of the element, it is necessary to monitor the cleanliness of the radiator. Its honeycombs are clogged with debris, heat transfer deteriorates. Air does not pass well through the cells, heat is not released. The result is that the engine temperature rises, its operation is disrupted.
System thermostat
This is nothing more than a valve. It reacts to changes in temperature in the cooling circuit. More about them will be discussed below. The scheme of the UAZ engine cooling system is based on the use of a high-quality thermostat, which is made of a bimetallic plate. This plate deforms under the influence of temperature. It can be compared to a circuit breaker used in the power supply of homes and businesses. The only difference is that it is not the switch contacts that are controlled, but the valve that supplies hot liquid to the circuits. The design also has a return spring. When the bimetallic plate cools down, it returns to its original position. And the spring helps her to return.
Sensors used in cooling
Only two sensors are involved in the work. One is installed on the radiator, and the second is in the jacket of the engine block. Let's go back to domestic cars and remember the Volga. The cooling system circuit (405) of the engine also has two sensors. Moreover, the one on the radiator has more simple design... It is also based on a bimetallic element, which deforms when the temperature rises. This sensor turns on the electric fan.
On cars of the classic VAZ series, a direct fan drive was previously used. The impeller was installed directly on the pump axis. The fan rotated constantly, regardless of the temperature in the system. The second sensor, installed in the engine jacket, serves one purpose - transmitting a signal to the temperature indicator in the cabin.
Liquid pump
Let's go back to the Volga. The cooling system, the circuit of which contains a circulating liquid pump, cannot simply function without it. If you do not give the fluid movement, then it will not be able to move along the contours. Consequently, stagnation will appear, the antifreeze will begin to boil, and the motor may jam.
Design liquid pump very simple - an aluminum housing, rotor, drive pulley on one side and a plastic impeller on the other. Installation is carried out either inside the engine block or outside. In the first case, the drive is carried out, as a rule, from the timing belt. For example, on VAZ cars, starting from model 2108. In the second case, the drive is carried out from a pulley
Stove contour
Some cars made several decades ago were fitted with air-cooled engines. There is only one inconvenience in this case: it was necessary to use a gasoline stove, which “ate up” a lot of fuel. But if liquid circuits of engine cooling systems are used, you can take hot antifreeze, which is supplied to the radiator. Thanks to the stove fan, hot air is supplied to the passenger compartment.
In all vehicles, the heater radiator is mounted under the dashboard. First, an electric fan is installed, then a radiator is installed on it, and air ducts are suitable from above. They are needed to distribute hot air throughout the passenger compartment. In new cars, distribution is controlled using microprocessor systems and stepper motors. They open or close the flaps depending on the temperature in the passenger compartment.
Expansion tank
Everyone knows that any liquid expands when heated - increases in volume. Therefore, it is necessary that she go somewhere. But on the other hand, when the liquid cools down, its volume decreases, therefore, it must be re-added to the system. It is impossible to do this manually, but with the help of an expansion tank this procedure can be automated.
Most modern cars the circuits of the sealed type engine cooling systems are used. For these purposes, the presence on expansion tank plugs with two valves: one for the inlet, the second for the outlet. This allows the system to maintain a pressure close to one atmosphere. With a decrease in its indicator, air is sucked in, with an increase - discharge.
Cooling system pipes
