Sae lube. API specification of engine oils

Various materials are used for the manufacture of motors; the service life of the drive depends on the correct choice of the lubrication system that protects them from wear. Having studied the SAE classification system, you can choose the oil that optimally protects the power unit of your car from wear, ensuring its stable, reliable, long-term operation.

The abbreviation SAE should be understood as the Society of Automotive Engineers of the USA. They developed the SAE J300 classification of engine mixtures. The main parameter by which the specified specification was created is the viscosity of the mixtures, which can vary with temperature.

Each fluid is characterized by kinematic and dynamic viscosities. The first is measured with a capillary viscometer and indicates the fluidity of a mixture at a specific temperature. The second parameter is determined using a rotational viscometer, it shows how the fluidity of the oil changes when the lubricated parts move relative to each other (the higher the speed of movement of the lubricated elements, the lower the viscosity parameter becomes).

Classification of motor oils

According to the specified specification, engine mixtures are divided into three classes.

Winter oils are marked with a number and the letter w next to it, which means winter - winer, for example 5w. Such mixtures are characterized by kinematic viscosity at a temperature of 100 0 С, which indicates the fluidity of the liquid when the power unit is warmed up and two indicators of low temperature:

cranking, indicates the temperature at which the engine can be started without warming up;
pumpability, denotes the temperature regime at which the fluid will flow through the lubrication system and provide lubrication of the drive elements.

There is an opinion that the numbers in the marking correspond to the maximum permissible operating temperature of the power unit. This is an erroneous statement. Take 0w oil as an example, in order to find out what subzero temperature will be maximum for this engine mixture, it is necessary to subtract 35 from the number next to the letter w, that is, 0-35 \u003d -35, the resulting figure is a subzero temperature of -35 0 С, at which the oil will not crystallize, will retain its properties, will ensure the start of the motor without warming up.

For the summer class of mixtures, the fluidity of the motor fluid at a temperature of 100 0 С, as well as the viscosity at 150 0 С with a shear rate of 106 s -1 are taken into account. Shear rate should be understood as the ratio of the speed with which one surface moves relative to the other to the size of the gap between them filled with the motor mixture. As the shear rate increases, the viscosity of the fluid decreases. Summer car oil classes are designated by numbers, for example, SAE 20.

The all-season SAE class is marked with the designation of the first two classes, separated by a dash, for example, 0w - 20. The designation of these fluids indicates a minus temperature indicator at which the fluid will start the engine without heating and pump the mixture through the lubrication system, as well as the maximum positive temperature indicator, at which the engine fluid will form a protective film of sufficient strength and thickness on the engine elements to protect the parts from dry friction.

Summer mixes are more viscous because they tend to liquefy more slowly when heated than lower viscosity mixes. If you choose an oil that is not viscous enough, then its protective film will break when heated and will not be able to provide lubrication in friction units to the required extent. The mixture is too thick, will not fill the gaps in the friction pairs and this will lead to dry friction of the drive elements.

You can familiarize yourself with the specified specification by looking at the following tables.

Table 1. Specification of motor oils according to SAE.

Requirements are imposed on engine mixtures in accordance with GOST, in table 2 we have displayed the compliance of technical characteristics of fluids in accordance with GOST and SAE.

Table 2. Compliance of classes according to GOST SAE marking.

How to make the right choice?

When choosing a motor mixture, you need to consider the following factors:

design features of the car motor;
technical characteristics of the power unit;
temperature outside the car;
the mode in which the drive will most often operate.
if the power unit has not passed 50% of its resource, then you need to choose mixtures with a low density, this is due to the minimum clearances in the friction units.
if the motor has a significant mileage, it is recommended to buy viscous fluids that can completely fill the gaps in the friction pairs.
for modern drives, a very low viscosity oil (energy saving) can be used, it will reduce the frictional force in the moving parts of the drive.
you need to be wary of oils with a huge amount of additives, the current as they can aggressively affect the material from which the parts of the power unit are made.
according to SAE, the temperature range at which the fluids cope with antiwear functions is indicated, but whether the mixture is applicable for your car is better to look in the car service book.
the canister must have the appropriate marking, plus the seller, upon your request, must present a quality certificate for the product.

Keep in mind that each engine mixture manufacturer works in conjunction with dealers of several car brands and develops products that meet the technical characteristics and operating mode of a particular engine. Therefore, using fluids with the same labeling in different types of engines can have a completely opposite effect: one motor will perform better, while the other may break down faster. To avoid the negative impact of the car oil on the drive resource, it may be necessary to adhere to the recommendations of the car manufacturer, only he conducted a number of tests and, thanks to many studies, selected the engine oil that is most suitable for the engine, taking into account its technical parameters.

We check engine oil for quality at home.

Every motorist knows that the key to efficient and stable operation of an internal combustion engine is the use of high-quality motor lubricant. But the wide variety of protective material is sometimes misleading and makes it difficult to choose. The engine oil classification is designed to make it easier to find the right fluid.

Let's try to figure out what classifications exist and what their labeling can tell the car enthusiast.

First of all, let's figure out what kind of engine oils are in terms of chemical composition. There are three main groups of motor oils: mineral, semi-synthetic and synthetic.

Mineral consists entirely of natural ingredients. They are produced by direct transportation of petroleum products. Their use is rational in new engines that are not designed to operate under severe overload conditions. Mineral water is ideal for a temperate climatic zone, where seasonal temperature drops are almost invisible. This feature is explained by the inability of the oil to maintain a stable operating condition in high and low temperature conditions: at negative temperatures, the mineral base freezes and stops circulating evenly in the power plant, at positive temperatures it acquires high fluidity and quickly evaporates. The frequency of replacing such an oil varies within 5-7 thousand kilometers (provided that the car is not subjected to large overloads). The main advantages of such auto oils are availability and their low cost. The negative side, in addition to the impossibility of using the fluid under conditions of increased loads, is the large accumulation of environmentally harmful impurities contained in the exhaust gases. The designation of the mineral base on the canister labels is rarely indicated.

Semi-synthetic oils contain natural and non-natural elements in their composition. They are produced by synthesizing petroleum products and special chemical additives, the main role of which is to increase the service life of a car's power unit.

The additives allow you to maintain the original properties of the fuel and lubricant for a long time, and also allow it to withstand temperature extremes. The main disadvantages of semisynthetics include its "mineral side": oil products can form sediment or carbon deposits, thereby polluting the working area. The oil is suitable for new gasoline and diesel engines . Also, its use is permissible in motors that have developed a small resource.

The synthetic base is composed of ingredients that do not occur in pure form in nature. The synthetic production process involves a complex molecular chemical synthesis aimed at improving the performance properties of the protective material. This oil does not leave deposits and does not contaminate the working mixture. Moreover, it contains detergent additives that gently clean the engine from dirt and soot. If you are accustomed to a sporty driving style or live in a region famous for sharp temperature changes, then it is better to “pamper” your iron friend with high-quality synthetics. It does not liquefy, does not thicken with time and climatic jumps, but allows you to increase the resource of the engine where the usual mineral water would have completely “lost control over itself”. The frequency of replacement of synthetics can be up to 15 thousand kilometers. Moreover, its use is permissible in both new and old power units. The fact that the liquid in the canister belongs to synthetics , informs the corresponding inscription on the label.

The determining parameter when choosing a chemical-based motor fluid should be the technical condition of the motor.

SAE classification of engine oils

The characteristics of engine oils are directly related to their viscosity. In this regard, an international SAE engine oil classification was developed. It allows you to create a gradation of automotive fluids based on their degree of fluidity and resistance to high temperature conditions.

According to this classification, all motor oils are divided into three groups: winter, summer and all-season.

Average oil performance ranges

The winter group designations include a number and a W next to it. The figure itself identifies the low-temperature limit, up to which the fuel and lubricants retain their consumer properties. The letter W symbolizes the winter season. Such fluids have a high degree of fluidity, which allows them to be instantly distributed over the working surface of a cold engine, providing it with easy starting. At temperatures above 0 degrees Celsius, such a liquid cannot be used - overheating will cause even greater fluidity, as a result of which the liquid will simply begin to seep through the seals and gaskets, leaving the engine without proper protection.

Summer engine oil in its labeling contains only two-digit numbers. These figures conventionally indicate the high-temperature limit, after reaching which the technical parameters of the oil deteriorate. The summer group has a high degree of viscosity, which prevents excessive fluidity of fuels and lubricants in positive temperatures. At temperatures below 0, its viscosity index increases, so the use of summer oil in winter is simply impossible.

International standards provide for the third group of fuels and lubricants - all-season. This category is the most rational from the point of view of its use: motorists will not have to study the weather forecast for the next few days to guess when to make a seasonal replacement.

It is easy to recognize a universal car oil: its label shows a marking containing two numbers and a letter between them. The combination of summer and winter values \u200b\u200binforms the car owner about the possibility of year-round use of oil fluid: the first digit indicates the range of negative temperatures, the second - the range of positive ones.

Knowing what is the decoding for engine oils, you can accurately recognize them on the shelves of car dealerships.

API labeling of engine oils has three roles:

It informs the car owner about which type of engine the fluid is applicable to.
Informs about the performance characteristics of the motor fuel and lubricant.
Warns which engine year this type of grease can be used.

Engine oil marking consists of the following designations:

the EU letter code (may not be prescribed) after the name of the API classification indicates which class of energy-saving motor fluids this product belongs to.
the Roman numeral after the abbreviation informs about the possibility of fuel economy.
the letters “C” or “S” refer to diesel and gasoline engines, respectively.
after the letters "C" or "S" there are letters from A to N, characterizing the quality class of the motor fluid. And the further the classifier is removed from the beginning of the alphabet, the higher the quality of the fuel and lubricant.

You can find out what the letter codes of the API engine oil classification mean from the table below.

ACEA engine oil classification

Another classification of engine oils was developed by the Association of European Automobile Manufacturers. It is worth noting that manufacturers of motor fluids must obtain an ACEA certificate before the start of sales of a new product on the European market.

The marking of engine oils gives an idea not only in what type of engine it can be used; the decryption shows whether the lubricant saves fuel consumption or not.

On the containers of the engine fluid, you can find designations with the letters A, B, C or E:

Engine oil in the engine

The letter “A” means that the oil is used for a gasoline engine.
The letter "B" indicates that liquid is poured into diesel engines of passenger cars.
The letter "C" indicates the use of oil in engines (gasoline and diesel), with an installed catalyst.
The letter “E” means that fuel and lubricants are applicable for trucks equipped with a diesel power plant.

In addition to the letter, the ACEA marking also contains numbers.

There are ten main classes of motor products according to the ACEA classification:

A1 / B1 - this group is used in those motors that allow the use of an oil-viscous protective film at high temperatures and high shear rates.
A3 / B3 - the main properties of this class are a large interchange interval, high resistance to destruction and instant adaptation to temperature extremes. These advantages make it possible to use oils of the second group in engines that are subject to regular overloads.
A3 / B4 - the third group also has high technical characteristics, with the only difference that such oils are used in highly accelerated gasoline installations and diesel units with direct injection of a fuel mixture.
А5 / В5 - a distinctive feature of the fourth class fuels and lubricants - significant fuel economy.
C1 - oils with a high degree of environmental friendliness. They contain a low content of sulfur and phosphorus, which significantly reduces the toxicity of exhaust gases.

Engine oil

C2 - engine oils of the group are poured into engines equipped with particulate filters and three-way catalysts. Due to the uniqueness of the oil composition, the resource of these parts, when using fluids with the C2 marking, increases significantly. There are also significant savings in fuel consumption.
C3 is a group of oils designed for modern power units that meet the latest environmental safety standards.
C4 - class of fuels and lubricants, developed in 2004. According to ACEA requirements, oil with C4 classifier is poured into Euro-4 engines. On the positive side, it is worth noting the low content of harmful impurities and the ability to increase the resource of a three-way vehicle catalyst.
E6 - motor oils of the ninth class have not only high resistance to mechanical destruction, but also “have excellent immunity” against aging. It is necessary to fill such a liquid into diesel engines of trucks operating under conditions of heavy overload. Despite constant temperature drops, fuels and lubricants perfectly retain their consumer properties and effectively protect the engine from wear.
E7 is a class applicable in engines of diesel "trucks" that meet the requirements of Euro-1, 2, 3 and 4.

ILSAC classification of engine oils

Ilsac is a classification developed by American and Japanese engineers. It includes five groups of engine oils, the technical characteristics of which correspond to the API classification:

the GF-1 marking is currently not used. Conforms to API SH classifier, i.e. intended for engines manufactured from 1995 to 1996,
gF-2 marking is analogous to API SJ, i.e. engine oil of this standard can be filled in an engine manufactured between 1997 and 2000. The viscosity characteristics of the group correspond to oils 0W-20 and 5W-20,
gF-3 marking - "reflection" of API SL. The use of fuels and lubricants with such a classifier is permissible in the engine produced from 2001 to 2003,
gF-4 marking corresponds to API SM, i.e. suitable for engines built after 2004,
gF-5 marking is analogous to API SN and is intended for modern automobile engines equipped with the latest exhaust gas aftertreatment systems.

Engine oil , poured into a turbocharged engine, according to the Ilsac classification, it is marked DX-1.

A distinctive feature of the American-Japanese standard is that all products that fall into the above classes of motor oils have energy-saving properties and can be used at any time of the year.

Classification of engine oils according to GOST

In accordance with GOST 17479.1-85, the designation of engine fluids includes the capital letter “M”, numbers characterizing the class of kinematic viscosity of fuels and lubricants, and capital letters indicating the lubricant belongs to a particular group in terms of operational parameters.

The numbers 3, 4, 5, 6 are used to designate winter motor oils; for summer - 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20 and 24. Moreover, the higher the number, the higher the viscosity of the protective film. Universal greases in their marking have indicators of both seasons, spelled out with a fractional line (for example, 3/8).
GOST provides 6 groups, classified according to the scope of use. Designations include the letter A, B, C, D, E or E and a number. Index 1 implies use in gasoline power plants, index 2 - in diesel ones. If there is no numerical indicator next to the letter, then the tool is universal for all motors.

Outcome

Decoding engine oils can tell a lot to a motorist. The main thing is to remember the main parameters by which the choice of high-quality material will be made in the future.

It should be remembered that, despite the huge number of recommendations in the field of application of one or another type of motor lubricant, the main preference should be given to the requirements of the vehicle manufacturer. Before releasing a model for sale, manufacturing companies empirically select the most effective fuel and lubricant that can extend the operating period of the power plant.

Whatever the engine oils, their characteristics can adversely affect the condition of your vehicle's engine. Therefore, before experimenting on your machine, take a look at its owner's manual.

Continuing the topic "API classification", let's analyze the API SL class. API SL introduced in July 2001 for multi-valve turbocharged engines equipped with exhaust control and neutralization systems. S - means belonging to the gasoline class, L - belonging to the requirements for environmental friendliness and energy saving properties of motor oils, toughened in 2001.
API SL implies the following improvements in engine oils

reduced exhaust toxicity
protection of exhaust control and neutralization systems
increased wear protection
enhanced protection against high-temperature deposits
extended drain interval

Of course, all these improvements were relative to the SJ API, the previous API class. API SL was a new, modern API class at the start of the new millennium. API SL included motor oils for 2000 year engines and was valid until 2004, passing the baton to the next class.

API SL CF

"Neighborhood" of API SL together with CF on the label (API SL CF is often found) is the possibility of using the oil in diesel engines (). Without detracting from its "gasoline" properties, API SL CF engine oil is ready for use in a diesel engine, even when using fuels with a high sulfur content (high-sulfur 0.5% or more). Applies to diesels from 1994 and later.

API SL ILSAC GF-3

API SL oils (in the sense of API SL compliant) can be certified by category, which indicates fuel economy and the maintenance of these savings for the entire life of the oil.

API SL CF oils

This site contains descriptions and specifications of engine oils that comply with API SL CF. Read “ Semi-synthetic engine oil for diesel engines"About engine oil API SL CF Guardol ECT 10w30 of the family brand ConocoPhillips and" Engine oil 15w40»About the same API SL CF Guardol ECT engine oil, only 15w40 , of the same family brand ConocoPhillips.

Engine oils are selected based on two main technical parameters of primary importance to the engine: viscosity grade and performance grade.

Viscosity should be understood as a parameter characterizing the ability of liquid molecules to move relative to each other, while maintaining a molecular bond. On a liquid scale, viscosity is understood as the property of different layers of a lubricant to move relative to each other with a certain index of internal friction. The higher the intermolecular friction index, the higher the viscosity parameter of the engine oil.

The international standard SAE J300 regulates all requirements for the viscosity grade of engine oil. The optimal indicator is selected in accordance with the design of the mechanisms, engine operating modes, periods of active operation, external operating conditions.

The operating class is understood as a parameter that determines the quality indicators of the oil itself. The introduction of the latest systems and technologies in all areas of mechanical engineering has led to the fact that more and more stringent requirements are imposed on engine oil. In order to give each engine exactly the lubricant that will provide it with the most efficient operation, special systems for classifying engine oils have been developed. Each of which subdivides the entire range of petroleum products into categories and series, depending on the purpose of each and the level of their quality.

The most popular classifications of oils

KAPI - classification developed by the American Petroleum Institute, the name comes from the corresponding abbreviation.
ILSAC - the classification was developed by the International Lubricant Standardization and Approval Committee for engine oils.
- the classification was developed by the Association of European Automobile Manufacturers, the name is also formed from the abbreviation - (Association des Cunstructeurs Europeens d'Automobiles)

The only system recognized worldwide is the SAE classification developed by the Society of AutomotiveEngineers.
It was this classification that most fully described the relationship between temperature and viscosity of engine oil during its operation in a car engine. In total, the classification includes 12 different classes for seasons, six for each season.
In this classification, oils are divided into two categories:

Summer SAEs do not have letter designations, but only numbers from 20 to 60, which determine the viscosity index. This category includes only oils with a high viscosity index, which allow the engine to operate effectively at high ambient temperatures.
Winter SAE, marked with digital designations and the Latin letter W. The figure shows the degree of viscosity and varies from 0W to 25W. Low-viscosity oils are used for low temperature operation.

Depending on the ambient temperature, the temperature of various parts of the engine, the viscosity parameter for the same fluid changes in proportion to cooling or heating, since this accelerates or slows down the movement of the lubricant molecules.

SAE summer grease allows reliable lubrication even in high temperature conditions, but becomes a real obstacle to the normal operation of mechanisms at low temperatures. As a result, the process of starting the engine becomes much more difficult.
SAE winter lubrication allows for easy engine start when operating in low temperatures, but is completely unable to provide reliable lubrication at high temperatures or high engine loads.

What are the cool brands worth?

The optimal solution for any season

The solution to the problem of changing oils during the transition from season to season became possible thanks to the appearance on the market of a new product - SAE multigrade engine oil. The special formula allows you to effectively use such oils in all weather conditions. The general classification table contains two markings at once in the designation of all-season oil, both for winter and summer types (5W - 30; 10W - 40). The peculiarity of these types of oils is that when the temperature drops, the lubricating fluid behaves in the same way as summer types, and when the ambient temperature drops, it acquires all the properties of winter types of lubricants.

Multigrade oil is created on the basis of two basic principles: first, it should not exceed the low-temperature characteristics of the dynamic viscosity; secondly, the kinematic viscosity must be within the operating parameters at a temperature of 100 ° C.

Main parameters characterizing low-temperature properties according to SAE

The oversteer indicator determines the parameters of oil flow at low temperature conditions. This parameter should be understood as the maximum permissible level of oil viscosity during engine start-up when operating at low temperatures. The understeer must be able to turn the crankshaft at such a speed that the engine can start.

The pumpability index is expressed by the value of the dynamic viscosity index for the temperature regime of each specific class. This parameter should not exceed 60,000 mPa * s, but at the same time it should provide pumping through the oil circulation system. Measured with an MRV mini-rotational viscometer. In practice, it is measured at a temperature of 5 ° C less than the calculated one, while the engine should not suck air from the external environment.

High-temperature viscosity is characterized by the following indicators

The kinematic viscosity index is measured at a temperature of 100 ° C. This parameter, for multigrade oil, should not go beyond the specified range. Since with a decrease in viscosity, premature wear of rubbing surfaces will occur, such as a bearing, a crankshaft, a camshaft, a crank mechanism. And if the higher limit is exceeded, it causes oil starvation and also premature wear and failure of the mechanical part of the engine.

Comparison of oils at a temperature of -35

Dynamic viscosity index HTHS

Shows how stable the viscosity characteristic of the grease is when operating under extreme operating conditions (high temperature mode). It is one of the main parameters characterizing the energy-saving properties of motor oils.

Depending on the type of material, all engine oils are classified into three main types of classification:

Mineral based lubricantsobtained by distillation of waste oil products or from agricultural crops. This category is characterized by fast evaporation and low resistance to chemical processes and low resistance to various influences. The viscosity index in mineral oils is quite high. But such oils will be used up quickly.
Synthetic based lubricating fluids... For these oils, the main feature is the low viscosity grade. Manufacturing technology is based on oil refining and subsequent chemical processing. Such oils are much less susceptible to aggressive environments, they are more stable and provide reliable protection for engine parts.
Semi-synthetic lubricants consist of a mixture of mineral and synthetic oils and are outstanding representatives of all-season machine lubricants.

What do car manufacturers recommend to consider when choosing oils for different temperature conditions?

Before choosing an engine oil initially, you should carefully read the factory instructions and the manufacturer's recommendations. Recommendations and instructions are drawn up on the basis of the design features of engine mechanisms, such as the degree of load on lubricants, an indicator of the hydrodynamic resistance of the oil system, an indicator of the pump's performance for pumping lubricant. Some manufacturers produce lubricants approved for use in a certain temperature region.

Before purchasing engine oil, it is necessary to check the Classification on the label with the data in the manufacturer's instructions. Consider the SAE 5W40 all-season grade as an example. In this case, the Latin letter W indicates that this type of lubricant can be used in winter conditions. The first number 5 indicates the lowest temperature at which the grease will be able to cope with the tasks assigned to it. In order to obtain the real temperature, it is necessary to add the figure 5 to the temperature - 40 ° C, which means that this type of grease has a lower limit of - 35 ° C. The second number in the label indicates the upper temperature limit. In this case, the upper limit is + 40 ° C.

It should be noted right away that from the list of classification of oils, the car owner should pay special attention to precisely those brands that are suitable specifically for his engine and are recommended by the manufacturer. Otherwise, the use of grease with parameters that differ from those set by the manufacturer will lead to breakdowns and failure of individual parts or the entire engine.

Oil quality Is a complex of properties that is necessary for the oil to work as intended. To facilitate the selection of the required oil for a specific engine type and operating conditions, an API engine oil classification system has been created.

This classification was created and is being improved in collaboration with API (American Petroleum Institute), ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) and SAE. It determines the limits of various parameters (in particular, piston cleanliness, piston ring wear, etc.) using various test motors.

According to the API system, 2 operational categories of purpose and quality are established

For gasoline engines with classes SE, SF, SG, SH, SJ, SL, SM, SN.
For diesel engines with classes CC, CD, CE, CF, CG, CH, CI, CJ.

Universal oils for gasoline and diesel engines are indicated by two symbols of the respective categories: the first symbol is the main one, and the second indicates the possibility of using this oil for a different type of engine. For example, API CG-4 / SH is an oil optimized for use in diesel engines, but it can also be used in gasoline engines for which an API SH or lower oil is prescribed (SG, SF, SE, etc.).

Categories of oils for gasoline engines of passenger cars

Oil group		Years of car production
SN	The current	Engine oil in this category provides better protection against high temperature piston deposits, reduced low temperature deposits (gums), and increased seal compatibility. The API SN Resource Conserving category combines API SN performance with improved fuel efficiency, protection of turbocharger parts, emission control compatibility, and additional engine protection with ethanol fuels up to E85. Thus, this category can be equated to ILSAC GF-5	Introduced October 2010 for 2011 and older vehicles.
SM	The current	Introduced November 2004.	For cars made in 2004 and older
SL	The current	API planned to develop the PS-06 project as the next API SK category, but one Korean motor oil supplier uses the abbreviation “SK” as part of its corporate name. To avoid possible confusion, the letter “K” will be omitted for the next category “S”. - stability of energy saving properties; - reduced volatility; - extended drain intervals;	For cars made in 2001 and older
SJ	The current	The category was approved on 11/06/1995, licenses were issued from 10/15/1996. Automotive oils in this category are designed for all currently used gasoline engines and completely replace oils of all previously existing categories in older engine models. Maximum level of performance properties. Possibility of certification in the energy efficiency category API SJ / EC.	since 1996
SH	Obsolete	Licensed category approved in 1992. Today the category is conditionally valid and can only be certified as additional to the API C categories (for example, API AF-4 / SH). According to the requirements, it corresponds to the ILSAC GF-1 category, but without mandatory energy saving. Automotive oils of this category are intended for gasoline engines of 1996 and older models. In the course of certification for energy efficiency, depending on the degree of fuel economy, the categories API SH / EC and API SH / ECII were assigned.	since 1993
SG	Obsolete	Licensed category approved in 1988. The issuance of licenses was terminated at the end of 1995. Automotive oils are designed for engines of 1993 and older models. Fuel - unleaded gasoline with oxygenates. Meets the requirements of API CC and API CD automotive oils for diesel engines. They have higher thermal and antioxidant stability, improved antiwear properties, and reduced tendency to form deposits and sludge. API SG automotive oils replace API SF, SE, API SF / CC and API SE / CC oils.	1989-1993
SF	Obsolete	Automotive oils of this category are intended for engines of 1988 and older models. Fuel is leaded gasoline. They are more effective than the previous categories, antioxidant, antiwear, anti-corrosion properties and are less prone to the formation of high and low temperature deposits and slag. API SF automotive oils replace API SC, API SD and API SE oils in older engines.	1981-1988
SE	Obsolete	Should not be used in gasoline engines of vehicles manufactured after 1979.	1972-1980
SD	Obsolete	Should not be used in gasoline engines of vehicles manufactured after 1971. Use in more modern engines may result in performance degradation or breakdown.	1968-1971
SC	Obsolete	Should not be used in gasoline engines of vehicles manufactured after 1967. Use in more modern engines may result in performance degradation or breakdown.	1964-1967
SB	Obsolete	Should not be used in gasoline engines of vehicles manufactured after 1951. Use in more modern engines can result in poor performance or breakdown.	-
SA	Obsolete	Does not contain additives. Should not be used in gasoline engines of vehicles manufactured after 1930. Use in more modern engines may result in performance degradation or breakdown.	-

Categories of oils for diesel engines of commercial vehicles

Oil group
CJ-4	The current	Introduced in 2006. For high-speed four-stroke engines designed to meet 2007 highway emission standards. CJ-4 oils allow the use of fuels with a sulfur content up to 500 ppm (0.05% by weight). However, handling fuels with more than 15 ppm sulfur (0.0015% w / w) can affect the performance of the exhaust aftertreatment systems and / or oil change intervals. CJ-4 oils are recommended for engines equipped with Diesel Particulate Filters and other exhaust gas treatment systems. Oils with the CJ-4 specification exceed the performance properties of CI-4, CI-4 Plus, CH-4, CG-4, CF-4 and can be used in engines for which oils of these classes are recommended.
СI-4	The current	Introduced in 2002. For high-speed four-stroke engines designed to meet the 2002 exhaust emission regulations. CI-4 oils allow the use of fuels with a sulfur content of up to 0.5% by weight, and are also used in engines with an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system. Replaces CD, CE, CF-4, CG 4 and CH-4 oils. In 2004, an additional category API CI-4 PLUS was introduced. Requirements for soot formation, deposits, viscosity indicators, limiting the TBN value have been tightened.
CH-4	The current	Introduced in 1998. For high-speed, four-stroke engines meeting US exhaust emission requirements since 1998. CH-4 oils allow the use of fuels with a sulfur content of up to 0.5% by weight. Can be used in place of CD, CE, CF-4 and CG-4 oils.
CG-4	Obsolete	Introduced in 1995. For engines of high-speed diesel vehicles operating on fuels with a sulfur content of less than 0.5%. CG-4 oils for engines meeting the exhaust gas emission requirements introduced in the USA since 1994. Replaces oils CD, CE and CF-4 categories.
CF-4	Obsolete	Introduced in 1990. For high-speed four-stroke diesel engines with and without turbocharging. Can be used instead of CD and CE oils.
CF-2	Obsolete	Introduced in 1994. Improved performance, used instead of CD-II for two-stroke engines
CF	Obsolete	Introduced in 1994. For diesel engines with two-chamber combustion chambers (indirect injection) and others installed on off-road equipment, including engines that run on fuels with a sulfur content of more than 0.5% by mass. Can be used in place of CD oils.
CE	Obsolete	Introduced in 1985. For high-speed, naturally aspirated and supercharged four-stroke engines. Can be used instead of CC and CD.
CD-II	Obsolete	Introduced in 1985. For two-stroke engines.
CD	Obsolete	Introduced in 1955. For some naturally aspirated and supercharged engines.
CC	Obsolete	Should not be used in diesel engines manufactured after 1990.
СB	Obsolete	Should not be used in diesel engines manufactured after 1961.
CA	Obsolete	Should not be used in diesel engines manufactured after 1959.